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Huang F, Lyu B, Xie F, Li F, Xing Y, Han Z, Lai J, Ma J, Zou Y, Zeng H, Xu Z, Gao P, Luo Y, Bolund L, Tong G, Fengping X. From gut to liver: unveiling the differences of intestinal microbiota in NAFL and NASH patients. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1366744. [PMID: 38638907 PMCID: PMC11024258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1366744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly recognized for its global prevalence and potential progression to more severe liver diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, yet the detailed characteristics and ecological alterations of gut microbial communities during the progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to NASH remain poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of gut microbiota composition in individuals with NAFL and NASH to elucidate differences and characteristics. We utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the intestinal gut microbiota among a healthy control group (65 cases), NAFL group (64 cases), and NASH group (53 cases). Random forest machine learning and database validation methods were employed to analyze the data. Results: Our findings indicate a significant decrease in the diversity of intestinal flora during the progression of NAFLD (p < 0.05). At the phylum level, high abundances of Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were observed in both NAFL and NASH patients, whereas Firmicutes were less abundant. At the genus level, a significant decrease in Prevotella expression was seen in the NAFL group (AUC 0.738), whereas an increase in the combination of Megamonas and Fusobacterium was noted in the NASH group (AUC 0.769). Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis highlighted significant disturbances in various types of glucose metabolism pathways in the NASH group compared to the NAFL group, as well as notably compromised flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis functions. The study uncovers distinct microbiota characteristics and microecological changes within the gut during the transition from NAFL to NASH, providing insights that could facilitate the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Huang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanci Xie
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Li
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yuanqiang Zou
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Pan Gao
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI Research, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Fengping
- Department of Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Cell, Shenzhen, China
- BGI, Shenzhen, China
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Fructooligosaccharides attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by remodeling gut microbiota and association with lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114300. [PMID: 36696803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease highly associated with metabolic diseases and gut dysbiosis. Several clinical trials have confirmed that fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) are a viable alternative treatment for NAFLD. However, the mechanisms underlying the activities of FOSs remain unclear. METHODS In this study, the effects of FOSs were investigated with the use of two C57BL/6 J mouse models of NAFLD induced by a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, respectively. The measured metabolic parameters included body, fat, and liver weights; and blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and serum levels of glutamate transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and triglycerides. Liver tissues were collected for histological analysis. In addition, 16 S rRNA sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of FOSs on the composition of the gut microbiota of mice in the HFHC and MCD groups and treated with FOSs. RESULTS FOS treatment attenuated severe metabolic changes and hepatic steatosis caused by the HFHC and MCD diets. In addition, FOSs remodeled the structure of gut microbiota in mice fed the HFHC and MCD diets, as demonstrated by increased abundances of Bacteroidetes (phylum level), Klebsiella variicola, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Clostridium perfringens (species level); and decreased abundances of Verrucomicrobia (phylum level) and the Fissicatena group (genus level). Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation (i.e., ACC1, PPARγ, CD36, MTTP, APOC3, IL-6, and IL-1β) were down-regulated after FOS treatment. CONCLUSION FOSs alleviated the pathological phenotype of NAFLD via remodeling of the gut microbiota composition and decreasing hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting that FOSs as functional dietary supplements can potentially reduce the risk of NAFLD.
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Strachan CR, Yu XA, Neubauer V, Mueller AJ, Wagner M, Zebeli Q, Selberherr E, Polz MF. Differential carbon utilization enables co-existence of recently speciated Campylobacteraceae in the cow rumen epithelial microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:309-320. [PMID: 36635570 PMCID: PMC9894753 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The activities of different microbes in the cow rumen have been shown to modulate the host's ability to utilize plant biomass, while the host-rumen interface has received little attention. As datasets collected worldwide have pointed to Campylobacteraceae as particularly abundant members of the rumen epithelial microbiome, we targeted this group in a subset of seven cows with meta- and isolate genome analysis. We show that the dominant Campylobacteraceae lineage has recently speciated into two populations that were structured by genome-wide selective sweeps followed by population-specific gene import and recombination. These processes led to differences in gene expression and enzyme domain composition that correspond to the ability to utilize acetate, the main carbon source for the host, at the cost of inhibition by propionate. This trade-off in competitive ability further manifests itself in differential dynamics of the two populations in vivo. By exploring population-level adaptations that otherwise remain cryptic in culture-independent analyses, our results highlight how recent evolutionary dynamics can shape key functional roles in the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron R Strachan
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Xiaoqian A Yu
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Anna J Mueller
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Doctoral School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyne Selberherr
- Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Department for Farm Animals and Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Martin F Polz
- Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Li H, Wang Y, Shao S, Yu H, Wang D, Li C, Yuan Q, Liu W, Cao J, Wang X, Guo H, Wu X, Wang S. Rabdosia serra alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation, regulating Th17/Treg balance, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:824-838. [PMID: 36605573 PMCID: PMC9805946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabdosia serra (R. serra), an important component of Chinese herbal tea, has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis, jaundice, cholecystitis, and colitis. However, the chemical composition of R. serra and its effect against colitis remain unclear. In this study, the chemical composition of the water extract of R. serra was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). A total of 46 compounds, comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and steroids, were identified in the water extract of R. serra, and the extract could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis by improving colon length, upregulating anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating proinflammatory factors, and restoring the balance of T helper 17/T regulatory cells. R. serra also preserved intestinal barrier function by increasing the level of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 and occludin) in mouse colonic tissue. In addition, R. serra modulated the gut microbiota composition by increasing bacterial richness and diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001), and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Turicibacter, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group, and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group). Gut microbiota depletion by antibiotics further confirmed that R. serra alleviated colitis in a microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our findings provide chemical and biological evidence for the potential application of R. serra in the management of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Shumin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Deqin Wang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Jiliang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China.
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Damato A, Vianello F, Novelli E, Balzan S, Gianesella M, Giaretta E, Gabai G. Comprehensive Review on the Interactions of Clay Minerals With Animal Physiology and Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889612. [PMID: 35619608 PMCID: PMC9127995 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals are naturally occurring rock and soil materials primarily composed of fine-grained aluminosilicate minerals, characterized by high hygroscopicity. In animal production, clays are often mixed with feed and, due to their high binding capacity towards organic molecules, used to limit animal absorption of feed contaminants, such as mycotoxins and other toxicants. Binding capacity of clays is not specific and these minerals can form complexes with different compounds, such as nutrients and pharmaceuticals, thus possibly affecting the intestinal absorption of important substances. Indeed, clays cannot be considered a completely inert feed additive, as they can interfere with gastro-intestinal (GI) metabolism, with possible consequences on animal physiology. Moreover, clays may contain impurities, constituted of inorganic micronutrients and/or toxic trace elements, and their ingestion can affect animal health. Furthermore, clays may also have effects on the GI mucosa, possibly modifying nutrient digestibility and animal microbiome. Finally, clays may directly interact with GI cells and, depending on their mineral grain size, shape, superficial charge and hydrophilicity, can elicit an inflammatory response. As in the near future due to climate change the presence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs will probably become a major problem, the use of clays in feedstuff, given their physico-chemical properties, low cost, apparent low toxicity and eco-compatibility, is expected to increase. The present review focuses on the characteristics and properties of clays as feed additives, evidencing pros and cons. Aims of future studies are suggested, evidencing that, in particular, possible interferences of these minerals with animal microbiome, nutrient absorption and drug delivery should be assessed. Finally, the fate of clay particles during their transit within the GI system and their long-term administration/accumulation should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Balzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elisa Giaretta
| | - Gianfranco Gabai
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Duan R, Huang K, Guan X, Li S, Xia J, Shen M, Sun Z, Yu Z. Tectorigenin ameliorated high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112948. [PMID: 35390440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex pathogenesis of liver disease combined with liver inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Tectorigenin (Tg) is derived from many plants with excellent anti-inflammation activity. However, the beneficial effect of Tg on NAFLD associated with gut microbiota remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying beneficial effect of Tg on NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Results showed that Tg alleviated lipid profiles and liver steatosis, and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and total bile acid (TBA) levels. Besides, RT-qPCR and Western blot suggested that Tg alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting the lipogenesis and promoting the lipolysis, prevented gut-derived LPS-induced liver inflammatory via restoring intestinal barrier and restraining pro-inflammatory cytokines release, meanwhile, promoted the BA circulation via activating BA receptor and promoting BA synthesis. Moreover, Tg reverted the HFD-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial Akkermansia, and inhibiting the proportions of harmful microbes, including Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Roseburia, Romboutsia and Faecalibaculum, which were highly correlated with NAFLD-related parameters in serum and liver. Thus, Tg could attenuate NAFLD through mediating the liver-gut axis, and it could be used as a dietary supplement for NAFLD treatment via its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Duan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ji'an Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhu Sun
- Inner Mongolia Yangufang Ecological Agricultural Science and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia Yangufang Ecological Agricultural Science and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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Li X, Chu L, Liu S, Zhang W, Lin L, Zheng G. Smilax china L. flavonoid alleviates HFHS-induced inflammation by regulating the gut-liver axis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153728. [PMID: 34561124 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smilax china L., a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract has been reported in several in vivo experimental models. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the role of gut microbiota in mice on Smilax china L. flavonoid (SCF) treatment are poorly understand. PURPOSE To investigate the role of SCF in providing the anti-inflammatory response and the role of gut microbiota in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS)-induced obese mice for 12 weeks. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups, normal chow (NC), HFHS, Orlistat, SCE, and low-, medium-, high- doses of SCF for 12 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory cytokines in mice were assessed. The gene and protein expression levels of inflammation-related markers were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, the composition of gut microbiota was detected by analyzing 16S rDNA gene sequences. RESULTS SCF supplement reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue and liver indexes, attenuated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, LPS, and increased IL-10, and adiponectin. SCF significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and increased the expression of AMPK, PPAR-γ, and IL-10 in mice's liver and adipose tissues. In addition, the TLR4, p-IκBα, NF-κB, and p65 protein expression levels were reduced after the SCF supplement. Moreover, SCF treatment ameliorated HFHS-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed by an increased intestinal barrier protective species (Akkermansia spp). The relative abundance of Streptococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, and endotoxin-producing Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased on SCF supplements. CONCLUSION The results showed that SCF effectively inhibits HFHS-induced inflammation by suppressing the LPS-producing bacteria and pro-inflammatory bacteria group. Furthermore, the abundance of gut barrier protective species Akkermansia spp was increased to alleviate inflammatory response, inhibiting the LPS-TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, SCF may be a promising prophylactic for diet-induced inflammatory diseases through the gut-liver axis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lulu Chu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lezhen Lin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Product and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Bentonite does not affect in vitro ruminal gross fermentations but could modify ruminal metabolome and mineral content. A proof of concept. Res Vet Sci 2022; 144:78-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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9
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Xia F, Xiang S, Chen Z, Song L, Li Y, Liao Z, Ge B, Zhou B. The probiotic effects of AB23A on high-fat-diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice may be associated with suppressing the serum levels of lipopolysaccharides and branched-chain amino acids. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 714:109080. [PMID: 34742934 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A) is a natural triterpenoid isolated from Rhizoma alisamatis that has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Previous studies have documented the beneficial effect of AB23A on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the functional interactions between gut microbiota and the anti-NAFLD effect of AB23A remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the benefits of experimental treatment with AB23A on gut microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD with an obesity model. C57BL/6J mice were administrated a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without AB23A for 12 weeks. AB23A significantly improved metabolic phenotype in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, results of 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing in each group reveled that AB23A not only reduced the abundance of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidaeota ratio and Actinobacteriota/Bacteroidaeota ratio, but regulated the abundance of the top 10 genera, including norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Ileibacterium, Turicibacter, Faecalibaculum, the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and norank_f__Lachnospiraceae. AB23A significantly reduced the serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and branched-chain amino acids, which are positively correlated with the abundances of Ileibacterium and Turicibacter. Moreover, AB23A led to remarkable reductions in the activation of TLR4, NF-κB, and mTOR, and upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1 and occludin. These results revealed that AB23A displayed a prebiotic capacity in HFD-fed NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Luyao Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong Province, China Center for Drug Research and Development, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqiong Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingchen Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Pacífico C, Hartinger T, Stauder A, Schwartz-Zimmermann HE, Reisinger N, Faas J, Zebeli Q. Supplementing a Clay Mineral-Based Feed Additive Modulated Fecal Microbiota Composition, Liver Health, and Lipid Serum Metabolome in Dairy Cows Fed Starch-Rich Diets. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:714545. [PMID: 34722695 PMCID: PMC8548638 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.714545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch-rich diets are a commonly adopted strategy in order to sustain high milk yields in dairy cows. However, these diets are known to increase the risk of gut dysbiosis and related systemic health disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a clay mineral-based feed additive (CM; Mycofix® Plus, BIOMIN) on fecal microbiota structure, fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermentation, serum metabolome, and liver health in primiparous (PP, n = 8) and multiparous (MP, n = 16) early-lactation Simmental cows (737 ± 90 kg of live body weight). Cows were randomly assigned to either a control or CM group (55 g per cow and day) and transitioned from a diet moderate in starch (26.3 ± 1.0%) to a high starch diet (32.0 ± 0.8%). Supplementation of CM reversed the decrease in bacterial diversity, richness, and evenness (p < 0.05) during high-starch diet, demonstrating that CM supplementation efficiently eased hindgut dysbiosis. The CM treatment reduced levels of Lactobacillus in PP cows during starch-rich feeding and elevated fecal pH, indicating a healthier hindgut milieu compared with that in control. Butyrate and propionate levels were modulated by CM supplementation, with butyrate being lower in CM-treated MP cows, whereas propionate was lower in MP but higher in PP cows. Supplementing CM during high-starch feeding increased the concentrations of the main primary bile salts and secondary bile acids in the serum and improved liver function in cows as indicated by reduced levels of glutamate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyl-transferase, as well as higher serum albumin and triglyceride concentrations. These changes and those related to lipid serum metabolome were more pronounced in PP cows as also corroborated by relevance network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hartinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Stauder
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi Elisabeth Schwartz-Zimmermann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Faas
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Amat S, Holman DB, Schmidt K, Menezes ACB, Baumgaertner F, Winders T, Kirsch JD, Liu T, Schwinghamer TD, Sedivec KK, Dahlen CR. The Nasopharyngeal, Ruminal, and Vaginal Microbiota and the Core Taxa Shared across These Microbiomes in Virgin Yearling Heifers Exposed to Divergent In Utero Nutrition during Their First Trimester of Gestation and in Pregnant Beef Heifers in Response to Mineral Supplementation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2011. [PMID: 34683332 PMCID: PMC8537542 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated whether the nasopharyngeal, ruminal, and vaginal microbiota would diverge (1) in virgin yearling beef heifers (9 months old) due to the maternal restricted gain during the first trimester of gestation; and (2) in pregnant beef heifers in response to the vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplementation during the first 6 months of pregnancy. As a secondary objective, using the microbiota data obtained from these two cohorts of beef heifers managed at the same location and sampled at the same time, we performed a holistic assessment of the microbial ecology residing within the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tract of cattle. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that both α and β-diversity of the nasopharyngeal, ruminal and vaginal microbiota did not differ between virgin heifers raised from dams exposed to either a low gain (targeted average daily gain of 0.28 kg/d, n = 22) or a moderate gain treatment (0.79 kg/d, n = 23) during the first 84 days of gestation. Only in the vaginal microbiota were there relatively abundant genera that were affected by maternal rate of gain during early gestation. Whilst there was no significant difference in community structure and diversity in any of the three microbiota between pregnant heifers received no VTM (n = 15) and VTM supplemented (n = 17) diets, the VTM supplementation resulted in subtle compositional alterations in the nasopharyngeal and ruminal microbiota. Although the nasopharyngeal, ruminal, and vaginal microbiota were clearly distinct, a total of 41 OTUs, including methanogenic archaea, were identified as core taxa shared across the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts of both virgin and pregnant heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Devin B. Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada; (D.B.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Kaycie Schmidt
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Ana Clara B. Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (F.B.); (T.W.); (J.D.K.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (F.B.); (T.W.); (J.D.K.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Thomas Winders
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (F.B.); (T.W.); (J.D.K.); (C.R.D.)
| | - James D. Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (F.B.); (T.W.); (J.D.K.); (C.R.D.)
| | - Tingting Liu
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada; (D.B.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Timothy D. Schwinghamer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Kevin K. Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA;
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.C.B.M.); (F.B.); (T.W.); (J.D.K.); (C.R.D.)
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12
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Investigation on Atomic Structure and Mechanical Property of Na- and Mg-Montmorillonite under High Pressure by First-Principles Calculations. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Montmorillonite is an important layered phyllosilicate material with many useful physicochemical and mechanical properties, which is widely used in medicine, environmental protection, construction industry, and other fields. In order to a get better understanding of the behavior of montmorillonite under high pressure, we studied its atomic structure, electronic and mechanical properties using density functional theory (DFT), including dispersion corrections, as function of the interlayer Na and Mg cations. At ideal condition, the calculations of lattice constants, bond length, band structure, and elastic modulus of Na- and Mg-montmorillonite are in good agreement with the experimental values. Under high pressure, the lattice constants and major bond lengths decreased with increasing pressure. The calculated electronic properties and band structure show only a slight change under 20 GPa, indicating that the effect of pressure on the electronic properties of Na- and Mg-montmorillonite is weak. The bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young’s modulus, shear wave velocity and compression wave velocity of Na- and Mg-montmorillonite are positively correlated with the external pressure, and the other mechanical parameters have a little change. The calculated studies will be useful to explore experiments in the future from a purely scientific point of view.
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13
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A Grain-Based SARA Challenge Affects the Composition of Epimural and Mucosa-Associated Bacterial Communities throughout the Digestive Tract of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061658. [PMID: 34199660 PMCID: PMC8227306 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge on the composition of epimural and mucosa-associated bacterial communities throughout the digestive tract were determined in eight non-lactating Holstein cows. Treatments included feeding a control diet containing 19.6% dry matter (DM) starch and a SARA-challenge diet containing 33.3% DM starch for two days after a 4-day grain step-up. Subsequently, epithelial samples from the rumen and mucosa samples from the duodenum, proximal, middle and distal jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon were collected. Extracted DNA from these samples were analyzed using MiSeq Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Distinct clustering patterns for each diet existed for all sites. The SARA challenge decreased microbial diversity at all sites, with the exception of the middle jejunum. The SARA challenge also affected the relative abundances of several major phyla and genera at all sites but the magnitude of these effects differed among sites. In the rumen and colon, the largest effects were an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a reduction of Bacteroidetes. In the small intestine, the largest effect was an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. The grain-based SARA challenge conducted in this study did not only affect the composition and cause dysbiosis of epimural microbiota in the rumen, it also affected the mucosa-associated microbiota in the intestines. To assess the extent of this dysbiosis, its effects on the functionality of these microbiota must be determined in future.
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14
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Anderson CJ, Koester LR, Schmitz-Esser S. Rumen Epithelial Communities Share a Core Bacterial Microbiota: A Meta-Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Illumina MiSeq Sequencing Datasets. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625400. [PMID: 33790876 PMCID: PMC8005654 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, 17 rumen epithelial 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing data sets were analyzed to identify a core rumen epithelial microbiota and core rumen epithelial OTUs shared between the different studies included. Sequences were quality-filtered and screened for chimeric sequences before performing closed-reference 97% OTU clustering, and de novo 97% OTU clustering. Closed-reference OTU clustering identified the core rumen epithelial OTUs, defined as any OTU present in ≥ 80% of the samples, while the de novo data was randomly subsampled to 10,000 reads per sample to generate phylum- and genus-level distributions and beta diversity metrics. 57 core rumen epithelial OTUs were identified including metabolically important taxa such as Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, and other Lachnospiraceae, as well as sulfate-reducing bacteria Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio. Two Betaproteobacteria OTUs (Neisseriaceae and Burkholderiaceae) were core rumen epithelial OTUs, in contrast to rumen content where previous literature indicates they are rarely found. Two core OTUs were identified as the methanogenic archaea Methanobrevibacter and Methanomethylophilaceae. These core OTUs are consistently present across the many variables between studies which include different host species, geographic region, diet, age, farm management practice, time of year, hypervariable region sequenced, and more. When considering only cattle samples, the number of core rumen epithelial OTUs expands to 147, highlighting the increased similarity within host species despite geographical location and other variables. De novo OTU clustering revealed highly similar rumen epithelial communities, predominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria at the phylum level which comprised 79.7% of subsampled sequences. The 15 most abundant genera represented an average of 54.5% of sequences in each individual study. These abundant taxa broadly overlap with the core rumen epithelial OTUs, with the exception of Prevotellaceae which were abundant, but not identified within the core OTUs. Our results describe the core and abundant bacteria found in the rumen epithelial environment and will serve as a basis to better understand the composition and function of rumen epithelial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiron J Anderson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lucas R Koester
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Stephan Schmitz-Esser
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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15
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Hartinger T, Zebeli Q. The Present Role and New Potentials of Anaerobic Fungi in Ruminant Nutrition. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:200. [PMID: 33802104 PMCID: PMC8000393 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ruminal microbiota allows ruminants to utilize fibrous feeds and is in the limelight of ruminant nutrition research for many years. However, the overwhelming majority of investigations have focused on bacteria, whereas anaerobic fungi (AF) have been widely neglected by ruminant nutritionists. Anaerobic fungi are not only crucial fiber degraders but also important nutrient sources for the host. This review summarizes the current findings on AF and, most importantly, discusses their new application potentials in modern ruminant nutrition. Available data suggest AF can be applied as direct-fed microbials to enhance ruminal fiber degradation, which is indeed of interest for high-yielding dairy cows that often show depressed ruminal fibrolysis in response to high-grain feeding. Moreover, these microorganisms have relevance for the nutrient supply and reduction of methane emissions. However, to reach AF-related improvements in ruminal fiber breakdown and animal performance, obstacles in large-scale AF cultivation and applicable administration options need to be overcome. At feedstuff level, silage production may benefit from the application of fungal enzymes that cleave lignocellulosic structures and consequently enable higher energy exploitation from forages in the rumen. Concluding, AF hold several potentials in improving ruminant feeding and future research efforts are called for to harness these potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartinger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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16
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Mu HN, Zhou Q, Yang RY, Tang WQ, Li HX, Wang SM, Li J, Chen WX, Dong J. Caffeic acid prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high-fat diet through gut microbiota modulation in mice. Food Res Int 2021; 143:110240. [PMID: 33992352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is derived from many plants and may have the ability to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation. The gut microbiota produces lipopolysaccharides and further influences hepatic lipid metabolism, and thus plays an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, whether the beneficial effects of CA are associated with the gut microbiota remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the benefits of experimental treatment with CA on the gut microbiota and metabolic functions in a mouse model of NAFLD. In this study, C57BL/6J mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks and were then fed a HFD supplemented with or without CA for another 8 weeks. HFD induced obesity and increased accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, serum biochemical parameters and gene expression related to lipid metabolism. Microbiota composition was determined via 16S rRNA sequencing, and analysis revealed that HFD led to dysbiosis, accompanied by endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation. CA reverted the imbalance in the gut microbiota and related lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation, thus inhibiting deregulation of lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Our results support the possibility that CA can be used as a therapeutic approach for obesity-associated NAFLD via its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic integrative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Na Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Rui-Yue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Wei-Qing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Si-Ming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Wen-Xiang Chen
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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17
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Pacífico C, Petri RM, Ricci S, Mickdam E, Wetzels SU, Neubauer V, Zebeli Q. Unveiling the Bovine Epimural Microbiota Composition and Putative Function. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020342. [PMID: 33572291 PMCID: PMC7915655 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have used the 16S rRNA gene target in an attempt to characterize the structure and composition of the epimural microbiota in cattle. However, comparisons between studies are challenging, as the results show large variations associated with experimental protocols and bioinformatics methodologies. Here, we present a meta-analysis of the rumen epimural microbiota from 11 publicly available amplicon studies to assess key technical and biological sources of variation between experiments. Using the QIIME2 pipeline, 332 rumen epithelial microbiota samples were analyzed to investigate community structure, composition, and functional potential. Despite having a significant impact on microbial abundance, country of origin, farm, hypervariable region, primer set, animal variability, and biopsy location did not obscure the identification of a core microbiota. The bacterial genera Campylobacter, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011, Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Succiniclasticum, Desulfobulbus, and Comamonas spp. were found in nearly all epithelium samples (>90%). Predictive analysis (PICRUSt) was used to assess the potential functions of the epithelial microbiota. Regularized canonical correlation analysis identified several pathways associated with the biosynthesis of precursor metabolites in Campylobacter, Comamonas, Desulfobulbus, and Ruminococcaceae NK4A214, highlighting key metabolic functions of these microbes within the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pacífico
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.R.); (Q.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Renée Maxine Petri
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M1Z7, Canada;
| | - Sara Ricci
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.R.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Elsayed Mickdam
- Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;
| | - Stefanie Urimare Wetzels
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.W.); (V.N.)
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Unit for Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.W.); (V.N.)
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts of Livestock, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (S.R.); (Q.Z.)
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18
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Metabolism of Zearalenone in the Rumen of Dairy Cows with and without Application of a Zearalenone-Degrading Enzyme. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020084. [PMID: 33499402 PMCID: PMC7911295 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feed and is well known for its estrogenic effects in animals. Cattle are considered less sensitive to ZEN than pigs. However, ZEN has previously been shown to be converted to the highly estrogenic metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) in rumen fluid in vitro. Here, we investigate the metabolism of ZEN in the reticulorumen of dairy cows. To this end, rumen-fistulated non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (n = 4) received a one-time oral dose of ZEN (5 mg ZEN in 500 g concentrate feed) and the concentrations of ZEN and ZEN metabolites were measured in free rumen liquid from three reticulorumen locations (reticulum, ventral sac and dorsal mat layer) during a 34-h period. In all three locations, α-ZEL was the predominant ZEN metabolite and β-zearalenol (β-ZEL) was detected in lower concentrations. ZEN, α-ZEL and β-ZEL were eliminated from the ventral sac and reticulum within 34 h, yet low concentrations of ZEN and α-ZEL were still detected in the dorsal mat 34 h after ZEN administration. In a second step, we investigated the efficacy of the enzyme zearalenone hydrolase ZenA (EC 3.1.1.-, commercial name ZENzyme®, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Getzersdorf, Austria) to degrade ZEN to the non-estrogenic metabolite hydrolyzed zearalenone (HZEN) in the reticulorumen in vitro and in vivo. ZenA showed a high ZEN-degrading activity in rumen fluid in vitro. When ZenA was added to ZEN-contaminated concentrate fed to rumen-fistulated cows (n = 4), concentrations of ZEN, α-ZEL and β-ZEL were significantly reduced in all three reticulorumen compartments compared to administration of ZEN-contaminated concentrate without ZenA. Upon ZenA administration, degradation products HZEN and decarboxylated HZEN were detected in the reticulorumen. In conclusion, endogenous metabolization of ZEN in the reticulorumen increases its estrogenic potency due to the formation of α-ZEL. Our results suggest that application of zearalenone hydrolase ZenA as a feed additive may be a promising strategy to counteract estrogenic effects of ZEN in cattle.
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19
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Mu H, Zhou Q, Yang R, Zeng J, Li X, Zhang R, Tang W, Li H, Wang S, Shen T, Huang X, Dou L, Dong J. Naringin Attenuates High Fat Diet Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gut Bacterial Dysbiosis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585066. [PMID: 33281780 PMCID: PMC7691324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising annually, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut bacteria plays a causal role in NAFLD. Naringin, a natural flavanone enriched in citrus fruits, is reported to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation, but to date, no investigations have examined whether the benefits of naringin are associated with the gut bacteria. Thus, we investigated whether the antilipidemic effects of naringin are related to modulating the gut bacteria and metabolic functions. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, then fed an HFD with or without naringin administration for another 8 weeks. Naringin intervention reduced the body weight gain, liver lipid accumulation, and lipogenesis and attenuated plasma biochemical parameters in HFD-fed mice. Gut bacteria analysis showed that naringin altered the community compositional structure of the gut bacteria characterized by increased benefits and fewer harmful bacteria. Additionally, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that at the genus level, Allobaculum, Alloprevotella, Butyricicoccus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Parasutterella and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae were negatively correlated and Campylobacter, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Faecalibaculum and Fusobacterium were positively correlated with serum lipid levels. These results strongly suggest that naringin may be used as a potential agent to prevent gut dysbiosis and alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Brede M, Orton T, Pinior B, Roch FF, Dzieciol M, Zwirzitz B, Wagner M, Breves G, Wetzels SU. PacBio and Illumina MiSeq Amplicon Sequencing Confirm Full Recovery of the Bacterial Community After Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Challenge in the RUSITEC System. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1813. [PMID: 32849420 PMCID: PMC7426372 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) on the rumen bacterial community has been frequently studied in in vivo trials. Here we investigated whether these alterations can be mirrored by using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) as an in vitro model for this disease. We hypothezised that the bacterial community fully recovers after a subacute ruminal acidosis challenge. We combined a PacBio nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene analysis with 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region. With this hybrid approach, we aimed to get an increased taxonomic resolution of the most abundant bacterial groups and an overview of the total bacterial diversity. The experiment consisted of a control period I and a SARA challenge and ended after a control period II, of which each period lasted 5 d. Subacute acidosis was induced by applying two buffer solutions, which were reduced in their buffering capacity (SARA buffers) during the SARA challenge. Two control groups were constantly infused with the standard buffer solution. Furthermore, the two SARA buffers were combined with three different feeding variations, which differed in their concentrate-to-hay ratio. The induction of SARA led to a decrease in pH below 5.8, which then turned into a steady-state SARA. Decreasing pH values led to a reduction in bacterial diversity and richness. Moreover, the diversity of solid-associated bacteria was lower for high concentrate groups throughout all experimental periods. Generally, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla in the solid and the liquid phase. During the SARA period, we observed a decrease in fibrolytic bacteria although lactate-producing and -utilizing families increased in certain treatment groups. The genera Lactobacillus and Prevotella dominated during the SARA period. With induction of the second control period, most bacterial groups regained their initial abundance. In conclusion, this in vitro model displayed typical bacterial alterations related to SARA and is capable of recovery from bouts of SARA. Therefore, this model can be used to mimic SARA under laboratory conditions and may contribute to a reduction in animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Theresa Orton
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Beate Pinior
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dzieciol
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Martin Wagner
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stefanie U Wetzels
- Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation FFoQSI GmbH, Tulln, Austria
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21
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Orton T, Rohn K, Breves G, Brede M. Alterations in fermentation parameters during and after induction of a subacute rumen acidosis in the rumen simulation technique. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1678-1689. [PMID: 32596984 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) is a common problem in dairy cattle. High-concentrate rations lead to an accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the rumen and a subsequent decrease in ruminal pH. As SARA impairs animal welfare and productivity, numerous in vivo studies are focusing on evaluation of prevention strategies. In vitro models can support this research and reduce animal numbers and experimental costs. We used different diets and buffer compositions to induce SARA in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) and investigated the recovery process. The experiment consisted of an equilibration period (7 days), a first control period, a SARA period and a second control period (5 days each). During the SARA period, SARA was induced by infusing SARA1 or SARA2 buffer with reduced bicarbonate (20 mmol/L and 25 mmol/L) and phosphate (both 10 mmol/L) contents compared to a modified McDougall's buffer (bicarbonate 97.9 mmol/L, phosphates 20 mmol/L). Additionally, we compared three feeding strategies, which differed in the concentrate-to-roughage ratio (30:70, 70:30, changing ratio: 30% concentrate in control periods and 70% concentrate in SARA period). During the SARA period, the pH decreased to a constant value below the SARA thresholds of pH 5.8 and 5.6, whereas lactate concentrations remained low. The total SCFA production rate declined 3 days after SARA induction, and the molar proportion of acetate decreased. The decrease in pH and SCFA production was more pronounced for SARA1 buffer. The high-concentrate diet reduced the molar proportion of acetate and increased NH3 -N concentrations. During the second control period, most parameters recovered. In conclusion, SARA conditions were successfully induced in the Rusitec. However, we observed a higher influence of buffer composition than of concentrate proportions on most biochemical parameters. Nearly all changes were reversible. This model can be applied to test acidosis prevention strategies prior to animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Orton
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Brede
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Petri RM, Neubauer V, Humer E, Kröger I, Reisinger N, Zebeli Q. Feed Additives Differentially Impact the Epimural Microbiota and Host Epithelial Gene Expression of the Bovine Rumen Fed Diets Rich in Concentrates. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 32140139 PMCID: PMC7043141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of nutritional strategies for the prevention of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and the related microbial dysbiosis still remains unpredictable due to the complexity of the rumen ecosystem. The rumen epimural community, due to proximity, has the greatest opportunity to influence host gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two separate feed additives on the rumen epimural community and host epithelial gene expression. Eight rumen cannulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of three feeding groups: autolyzed yeast (AY), phytogenics (PHY) and control (CON) using a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Cows were fed an intermittent SARA model that started with 100% forage diet (Baseline) followed by two 65% concentrate-diet induced SARA challenges (SARAI, SARAII), separated by 1 week of forage only feeding. Rumen papillae samples were collected via the cannula during the Baseline, SARAI and SARAII periods. Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced targeting the 16S rRNA gene and host RNA was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Analysis of the taxonomic composition at the genera level showed a tendency to increase in the relative abundances of Pseudobutyrivibrio (P = 0.06), Selenomonas (P = 0.07) and significantly increase in SHD-231 (P = 0.01) in PHY treated animals, whereas Succiniclasticum tended to decrease in both PHY and AY treated animals compared to the control. Linear discriminant analysis effect size testing was performed and based on treatment × feeding phase interaction, a number of biomarker genera were identified including the previously identified Succiniclasticum. Supplementation with AY correlated positively with CD14 and DRA expression and negatively to CLDN1, MyD88, and MCT4 expression. Supplementation with PHY showed a negative correlation to CLDN4 gene expression. Anaerovibrio showed the highest positive Pearson correlations to biogenic amines tested in the rumen fluid including putrescine (r = 0.67), cadaverine (r = 0.84), and tyramine (r = 0.83). These results show that supplementing feed additives to high grain diets can have a positive influence on the stability of the epimural populations, and that changes in the epimural community are correlated with changes in host epithelial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Maxine Petri
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoria Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health - Unit for Food Microbiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,FFoQSI GmbH - Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Tulln, Austria
| | - Elke Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Kröger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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