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Ouyang X, Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230126. [PMID: 38657996 PMCID: PMC11040391 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways. Fungus and insect (house dust mite and cockroaches) indoor allergens are particularly rich in proteases. Indeed, more than 40 different types of aeroallergen proteases, which have both IgE-neutralising and tissue-destructive activities, have been documented in the Allergen Nomenclature database. Of all the inhaled protease allergens, 85% are classed as serine protease activities and include trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and collagenolytic serine proteases. In this article, we review and compare the allergenicity and proteolytic effect of allergen serine proteases as listed in the Allergen Nomenclature and MEROPS databases and highlight their contribution to allergic sensitisation, disruption of the epithelial barrier and activation of innate immunity in allergic airways disease. The utility of small-molecule inhibitors of allergen serine proteases as a potential treatment strategy for allergic airways disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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2
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Lee MF, Wang NM, Chen YH, Wu CS, Lee MH, Chu YW. An atopic dermatitis-like murine model by skin-brushed cockroach Per a 2 and oral tolerance induction by Lactococcus lactis-derived Per a 2. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291162. [PMID: 37676892 PMCID: PMC10484430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disease. An estimated 57.5% of asthmatic patients and 50.7% of rhinitis patients are allergic to cockroaches in Taiwan. However, the role of cockroaches in the pathogenesis of AD is undetermined. Oral tolerance might be another strategy for protecting against AD and allergic inflammation by regulating T helper 2 (Th2) immune responses. Aim to examine the underlying immunologic mechanism, we developed an AD-like murine model by skin-brushing with cockroach Per a 2. We also investigated whether the systemic inflammation of AD in this murine model could be improved by specific tolerance to Lactococcus lactis-expressing Per a 2, which was administered orally. Repeated painting of Per a 2 without adjuvant to the skin of mice resulted in increased total IgE, Per a 2-specific IgE, and IgG1, but not IgG2a. In addition, epidermal thickening was significantly increased, there were more scratch episodes, and there were increases in total white blood cells (eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte) and Th2 cytokines (Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) in a dose-dependent manner. The results revealed that oral administration of L. lactis-Per a 2 ameliorated Per a 2-induced scratch behavior and decreased the production of total IgE, Per a 2-specific IgE, and IgG1. Furthermore, L. lactis-Per a 2 treatment also suppressed inflammatory infiltration, expressions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-31 in skin lesions, and downregulated splenic IL-4 and IL-13 in Per a 2-induced AD mice. This study provides evidence supporting that repeated brushing of aeroallergens to the skin leads to atopic dermatitis phenotypes and oral allergen-specific immune tolerance can ameliorate AD-like symptoms and systemic inflammation and prevent progression of atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey-Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nancy M. Wang
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Lee MF, Chu YW, Wu CS, Lee MH, Chen YH, Wang NM. Indoor aeroallergens from American cockroaches and mites initiate atopic march via cutaneous contact in a murine model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289138. [PMID: 37498896 PMCID: PMC10374041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of allergic diseases from atopic dermatitis in childhood to other allergic conditions such as asthma in later life is often referred to as the atopic march. In order to study the relationship between cutaneous sensitization by aeroallergen and atopic march, we established a mouse model to test the hypothesis using American cockroaches and house dust mites as the model allergens. Mice were sensitized via skin with native cockroach extract (CraA) or recombinant Per a 2 and Der p 2 proteins without adjuvant. Each mouse was subjected to a total of three 1-week patching sensitizations with a 2-week interval in between each application. The resulting immunological variables in sera, scratching behavior, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and pathology of skin lesions and nasal mucosa were evaluated. In mice, application of CraA, rPer a 2, and rDer p 2 aeroallergens through skin patching induced significantly high levels of both total IgE and specific IgEs. The epicutaneous sensitization after a subsequent allergen challenge showed a significant increase in scratch bouts, AHR, epidermal thickness, and eosinophil counts in the skin compared with the control mice. In addition, stimulation of murine splenocytes with allergens increased higher levels of Th2 cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines excretion. Our study provides evidence supporting that epicutaneous sensitization to aeroallergens also led to nasal and airway symptoms comparable to atopic march as described in humans. We hope this new allergy model will be useful in the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at stopping the atopic march.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey-Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hao Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nancy M Wang
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
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Rodriques AR, Myers AJ, Scharf ME, Aryal UK, Bennett GW, Gondhalekar AD. Expression profiles of an inactive aspartic protease (Bla g 2 allergen) in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21918. [PMID: 35650514 PMCID: PMC9541408 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tergal glands are found in many insect species and contain constituents such as pheromones, sugars, proteins, and so forth. Preliminary studies have revealed that tergal gland secretions in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) contain the human allergen Bla g 2 (B. germanica allergen 2), an inactive aspartic protease. Although Bla g 2 protein expression has been detected previously in various German cockroach body parts, including male tergal glands, studies that link protein expression in various life stages and tissues with mRNA and protein abundance have not been conducted. Therefore, the goal of this study was to measure the relative abundances of Bla g 2 protein and mRNA in different tissues and life stages of B. germanica using immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitative profiling. We found that Bla g 2 protein was detected in every sampled tissue, including the male tergal glands. Protein abundance was relatively high in adult males and their tergal glands in comparison to nymphs and virgin females. Similarly, Bla g 2 mRNA transcript levels were also comparatively higher in male tergal glands and adult males. In conclusion, this study provides new information on the relative abundance and distribution of Bla g 2 allergen, a medically significant protein, in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach and lays the foundation for future studies that aim to determine the function of this protein in B. germanica development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J. Myers
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Michael E. Scharf
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Entomology and Nematology DepartmentUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Uma K. Aryal
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Bioscience CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Gary W. Bennett
- Department of EntomologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Lee MF, Chiang CH, Lin SJ, Wu CS, Chen YH. Effectiveness and safety of oral lactococci-based vaccine encoding triple common allergens to prevent airway allergy in mice. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261333. [PMID: 34972127 PMCID: PMC8719749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disorder in developed countries. House dust mite, cockroach, and mold are the leading allergens in most tropical and subtropical countries, including Taiwan. As allergen avoidance is difficult for patients allergic to these perennial indoor allergens, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only available allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment. However, for patients sensitized to multiple allergens, ASIT using each corresponding allergen is cumbersome. In the present study, we developed a recombinant L. lactis vaccine against the three most common indoor aeroallergens and investigated its effectiveness for preventing respiratory allergy and safety in mice. Three recombinant clones of Der p 2 (mite), Per a 2 (roach), and Cla c 14 (mold) were constructed individually in pNZ8149 vector and then electroporated into host strain L.lactis NZ3900. BALB/c mice were fed with the triple vaccine 5 times per week for 4 weeks prior to sensitization. The effectiveness and safety profile were then determined. Oral administration of the triple vaccine significantly alleviated allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness in the vaccinated mice. The allergen-specific IgG2a was upregulated. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expressions as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs decreased significantly in the vaccinated groups. No body weight loss or abnormal findings in the liver and kidneys were found in any of the groups of mice. This is the first report to describe a triple-aeroallergen vaccine using a food-grade lactococcal expression system. We developed a convenient oral delivery system and intend to extend this research to develop a vaccination that can be self-administered at home by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey-Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hui Chiang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Pomés A, Schulten V, Glesner J, da Silva Antunes R, Sutherland A, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Busse P, Frazier A, Sette A. IgE and T Cell Reactivity to a Comprehensive Panel of Cockroach Allergens in Relation to Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621700. [PMID: 33643303 PMCID: PMC7902920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IgE sensitization to cockroach allergens is associated with development of allergic diseases, such as asthma. To understand the relevance of different cockroach allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy, a comprehensive analysis of IgE antibody levels and T cell reactivity to an expanded set of cockroach allergens and their relationship to disease was performed in a cohort of USA cockroach sensitized patients. IgE antibody levels to recombinant chitinase and hemocyanin were measured for 23 subjects by custom-made ImmunoCAPs and compared with IgE levels to eight cockroach allergens we previously reported for the same cohort. Ex vivo T cell activation (Ox40/PDL-1 expression) of PBMCs stimulated with peptide pools derived from 11 German cockroach proteins, including nine official cockroach allergens, plus chitinase and vitellogenin, was determined by flow cytometry. IgE prevalences to chitinase (17%) and hemocyanin (44%) were comparable to values for the other eight allergens that we previously reported (21-57%). Hemocyanin (Bla g 3), was a major allergen (one to which more than 50% of patients with an allergy to its source react) for a sub-group of 15 highly cockroach-sensitized subjects (IgE > 3.5 kUA/L: 53%). Chitinase was officially named as new allergen Bla g 12. Cockroach-specific IgE levels in plasma showed excellent correlation with the sum of 10 allergen-specific IgE (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). T cell reactivity to 11 proteins was highly variable among subjects, the highest being for vitellogenin, followed by Bla g 3. The main finding was that cockroach allergen-specific IgE and T cell reactivity patterns were unique per subject, and lacked immunodominant allergens and correlation with clinical phenotype/disease severity in the studied cohort. Knowing the subject-specific B/T cell reactivity profiles to a comprehensive panel of cockroach allergens will contribute to diagnosis of cockroach allergy and will be important for planning and assessing allergen immunotherapy outcomes, according to the allergen content in therapeutic cockroach extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Basic Research, Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Véronique Schulten
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jill Glesner
- Basic Research, Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron Sutherland
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Busse
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - April Frazier
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Che YH, Yang ZB, Zhang HC, Wu XM, Sun MZ, Tang M, Wang PC, Geng FN, Wan P, Liu H, He M, Zhao Y, Zhang CG. Study on the effect of Periplaneta americana on ulcerative colitis in rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220942629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of intestinal tract, and Periplaneta americana has been found to be effective in the treatment for UC. The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Periplaneta americana extract Ento-A on UC in rats induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and to explore its mechanism. The Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group; TNBS-treated group; sulfasalazine (SASP) treated group; Ento-A low- (50 mg/kg), medium- (100 mg/kg), and high-dose (200 mg/kg) groups, respectively. The UC model of rats was induced via TNBS. Disease activity index (DAI) was used to evaluate the severity of UC in rats. The macroscopic and microscopic damages of colon were accessed by colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) and histopathological score (HS), respectively. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum and the contents of myeloperoxidase (MPO), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in colonic mucosa were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the normal control group, the TNBS-treated group showed increase in DAI, CMDI, HS, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ as well as MPO and decrease in the levels of IL-4, EGF, and TGF-β1. However, Ento-A-administrated groups reversed the changes in the DAI, CMDI, HS, and the cytokines caused by TNBS. The study indicates that Periplaneta americana extract Ento-A can effectively alleviate the inflammation in TNBS-induced UC of rats, and the mechanism of that may be related to restoring the balance of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2/Th17/T regulatory (Treg) cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Che
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Han-Chao Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Min-Zhe Sun
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao Tang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Peng-Chuan Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Fu-Neng Geng
- Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Miao He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Provincial 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Entomoceutics, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
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Sookrung N, Tungtrongchitr A, Chaicumpa W. Cockroaches: Allergens, Component-Resolved Diagnosis (CRD) and Component-Resolved Immunotherapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:124-141. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190731144043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are assuming increasing trend of prevalence worldwide. The diseases confer increasing demand on medical and healthcare facilities. Patients with allergies have poor quality of life and impaired cognition. Adult patients have subpar working efficiency while afflicted children are less effective at school, often have school absenteeism and need more attention of their caregivers. All of them lead to negative socio-economic impact. This narrative review focuses on cockroach allergy including currently recognized cockroach allergens, pathogenic mechanisms of allergy, componentresolved diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy, particularly the component-resolved immunotherapy and the molecular mechanisms that bring about resolution of the chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Ling Zhi 8 Protein Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Early Atherogenesis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3495682. [PMID: 32047809 PMCID: PMC7007749 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3495682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposits in the subendothelial space leading to severe inflammation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) shares several risk factors with atherosclerosis, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, all of which lead to lipid deposition in the liver causing inflammation and fibrosis. Several clinical trials have shown that certain Chinese herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory effects can be used as adjuvant therapy to prevent the development of cardiovascular events and liver disease. Ling Zhi 8 (LZ8) is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from a medicinal mushroom and has been well documented to possess a broad range of pharmacological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing LZ8 protein on NAFLD and atherogenesis in a cholesterol-fed rabbit model. Twelve rabbits were divided into three groups and fed with syrup only, L. lactis vehicle, or recombinant L. lactis-LZ8 once a day on weekdays for five weeks, respectively. The gene expression of IL-1β in the aorta was significantly suppressed after oral administration of L. lactis-LZ8. Moreover, in hematoxylin and eosin staining of the aorta, the intima-medial thickness was decreased, and foam cells were significantly reduced in the subendothelial space. LZ8 also inhibited the expression of IL-1β in the liver, decreased fat droplet deposits and infiltration of inflammatory cells, and improved liver function by decreasing liver enzymes in an animal model. Our results suggest that the Lactococcus-expressing LZ8 appears to be a promising medicine for improving both NAFLD and early atherogenesis owing to its anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, it is available as a low-cost food-grade product.
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Detection of American cockroach allergens as environmental markers using rapid competitive lateral flow tests. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019; 123:301-302. [PMID: 31295553 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee MF, Chiang CH, Li YL, Wang NM, Song PP, Lin SJ, Chen YH. Oral edible plant vaccine containing hypoallergen of American cockroach major allergen Per a 2 prevents roach-allergic asthma in a murine model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201281. [PMID: 30059516 PMCID: PMC6066233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background American cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are an important indoor allergen source and a major risk factor for exacerbations and poor control of asthma. We previously reported that allergen components from American cockroaches exhibit varying levels of pathogenicity. Sensitization to major American cockroach allergen, Per a 2, correlated with more severe clinical phenotypes among patients with allergic airway diseases. Materials and methods In this study, we examined whether oral plant vaccine-encoding full-length Per a 2 clone-996 or its hypoallergenic clone-372 could exert a prophylactic role in Per a 2-sensitized mice. The cDNAs coding Per a 2–996 and Per a 2–372 were inserted into TuMV vector and expressed in Chinese cabbage. Adult female BALB/c mice were fed with the cabbage extracts for 21 days and subsequently underwent two-step sensitization with recombinant Per a 2. Results Per a 2-specific IgE measured by in-house ELISA in the sera of Per a 2-372-treated groups were significantly lower than in the control groups after allergen challenge but not the Per a 2-996-treated group. Moreover, Per a 2–372 vaccine markedly decreased airway hyper-responsiveness and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs, as well as reduced mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-13 in comparison with the control mice. Conclusion Our data suggest that oral administration of edible plant vaccine encoding Per a 2 hypo-allergen may be used as a prophylactic strategy against the development of cockroach allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey-Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hui Chiang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lan Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Nancy M. Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Pong Song
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Pomés A, Mueller GA, Randall TA, Chapman MD, Arruda LK. New Insights into Cockroach Allergens. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:25. [PMID: 28421512 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses the most recent developments on cockroach allergen research in relation to allergic diseases, especially asthma. RECENT FINDINGS The number of allergens relevant to cockroach allergy has recently expanded considerably up to 12 groups. New X-ray crystal structures of allergens from groups 1, 2, and 5 revealed interesting features with implications for allergen standardization, sensitization, diagnosis, and therapy. Cockroach allergy is strongly associated with asthma particularly among children and young adults living in inner-city environments, posing challenges for disease control. Environmental interventions targeted at reducing cockroach allergen exposure have provided conflicting results. Immunotherapy may be a way to modify the natural history of cockroach allergy and decrease symptoms and asthma severity among sensitized and exposed individuals. The new information on cockroach allergens is important for the assessment of allergen markers of exposure and disease, and for the design of immunotherapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., 700 Harris Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Intramural Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Thomas A Randall
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD-MR01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Martin D Chapman
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., 700 Harris Street, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - L Karla Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
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