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Logghe G, Taelman C, Van Hecke F, Batsleer F, Maes D, Bonte D. Unravelling arthropod movement in natural landscapes: Small-scale effects of body size and weather conditions. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 39091138 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod movement has been noticeably understudied compared to vertebrates. A crucial knowledge gap pertains to the factors influencing arthropod movement at habitat boundaries, which has direct implications for population dynamics and gene flow. While larger arthropod species generally achieve greater dispersal distances and large-scale movements are affected by weather conditions, the applicability of these relationships at a local scale remains uncertain. Existing studies on this subject are not only scarce but often limited to a few species or laboratory conditions. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a field study in two nature reserves in Belgium, focusing on both flying and cursorial (non-flying) arthropods. Over 200 different arthropod species were captured and released within a circular setup placed in a resource-poor environment, allowing quantification of movement speed and direction. By analysing the relationship between these movement variables and morphological (body size) as well as environmental factors (temperature and wind), we aimed to gain insights into the mechanisms driving arthropod movement at natural habitat boundaries. For flying species, movement speed was positively correlated with both body size and tailwind speed. In contrast, movement speed of cursorial individuals was solely positively related with temperature. Notably, movement direction was biased towards the vegetated areas where the arthropods were originally caught, suggesting an internal drive to move towards suitable habitat. This tendency was particularly strong in larger flying individuals and under tailwind conditions. Furthermore, both flying and cursorial taxa were hindered from moving towards the habitat by strong upwind. In conclusion, movement speed and direction at patch boundaries are dependent on body size and prevailing weather conditions, and reflect an active decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garben Logghe
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Taelman
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian Van Hecke
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Femke Batsleer
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Maes
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Herman Teirlinckgebouw, Brussels, Belgium
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Grant TJ, Fisher KE, Krishnan N, Mullins AN, Hellmich RL, Sappington TW, Adelman JS, Coats JR, Hartzler RG, Pleasants JM, Bradbury SP. Monarch Butterfly Ecology, Behavior, and Vulnerabilities in North Central United States Agricultural Landscapes. Bioscience 2022; 72:1176-1203. [PMID: 36451972 PMCID: PMC9699720 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The North American monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) is a candidate species for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Multiple factors are associated with the decline in the eastern population, including the loss of breeding and foraging habitat and pesticide use. Establishing habitat in agricultural landscapes of the North Central region of the United States is critical to increasing reproduction during the summer. We integrated spatially explicit modeling with empirical movement ecology and pesticide toxicology studies to simulate population outcomes for different habitat establishment scenarios. Because of their mobility, we conclude that breeding monarchs in the North Central states should be resilient to pesticide use and habitat fragmentation. Consequently, we predict that adult monarch recruitment can be enhanced even if new habitat is established near pesticide-treated crop fields. Our research has improved the understanding of monarch population dynamics at the landscape scale by examining the interactions among monarch movement ecology, habitat fragmentation, and pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Grant
- Research scientist, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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3
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DiLeo MF, Nonaka E, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Effects of environment and genotype on dispersal differ across departure, transfer and settlement in a butterfly metapopulation. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220322. [PMID: 35673865 PMCID: PMC9174707 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across 5 years and 232 habitat patches of a Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of habitat patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that nearly all tested factors strongly affected departure probabilities, but that the same factors explained very little variation in realized dispersal distances. Surprisingly, we found no effect of dispersal distance on post-settlement survival. Rather, survival was influenced by weather conditions, quality of the natal habitat patch, and a strong interaction between genotype and occupancy status of the settled habitat patch, with more mobile genotypes having higher survival as colonists rather than as immigrants. Our work highlights the multi-causality of dispersal and that some dispersal costs can only be understood by considering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and their interaction across the entire dispersal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Moura PA, Corso G, Montgomery SH, Cardoso MZ. True site fidelity in pollen‐feeding butterflies. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila A. Moura
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
| | - Giberto Corso
- Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Z. Cardoso
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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5
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Fisher KE, Bradbury SP. Influence of habitat quality and resource density on breeding‐season female monarch butterfly
Danaus plexippus
movement and space use in north‐central USA agroecosystem landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven P. Bradbury
- Department of Entomology Iowa State University Ames IA USA
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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6
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Goswami VR, Vasudev D, Joshi B, Hait P, Sharma P. Coupled effects of climatic forcing and the human footprint on wildlife movement and space use in a dynamic floodplain landscape. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:144000. [PMID: 33338787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With climate change, terrestrial fauna in riparian floodplain ecosystems must adapt to a predicted increase in frequency and magnitude of fluvial perturbations. Seasonal migration to seek refuge from floodwaters represents a central adaptation strategy, but may entail risky navigation of anthropogenic spaces in heterogeneous landscapes. Here, we demonstrate the opportunities and constraints large-bodied mammalian herbivores face during an adaptive response of obligatory flood-driven refuge migration, across a human-dominated environment. Our study system, centred around a productive protected area--Kaziranga National Park in Assam, Northeast India--on the floodplains of the Brahmaputra River, is home to an abundance of large herbivores that undertake seasonal migrations in response to floods. We contrast species distribution data during a major flood event with those from the dry season to illustrate season-specific movement and space use decisions of large herbivores ranging in body mass from the 3000-kg Asian elephant Elephas maximus to the 20-kg muntjac Muntiacus muntjak. In the dry season, most large herbivores--a majority of which are endangered and threatened by anthropogenic pressures--avoided areas with a strong human footprint, while preferring spaces with high land-use diversity. During the floods, such species were pushed out of inundated habitats within the protected area, and they chose to move through woodlands and areas under bamboo cover on private lands, as they migrated to forested refugia on higher ground. Our results show how seasonal environmental constraints shaped by floods determine the internal motivation of animals to risk traversing a human-dominated space to seek refuge, which contextually defines how animals view and navigate the landscape. Such insights underscore the importance of dynamic and adaptive planning, and participatory conservation efforts, to facilitate connectivity in the changing environment and climate of the present Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun R Goswami
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, Karnataka, India.
| | - Divya Vasudev
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, Karnataka, India; Wildlife Conservation Trust, Mumbai 400021, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhavendu Joshi
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, Karnataka, India
| | - Prity Hait
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, Karnataka, India
| | - Pragyan Sharma
- Conservation Initiatives, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India; Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bengaluru 560042, Karnataka, India
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7
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Balbi M, Croci S, Petit EJ, Butet A, Georges R, Madec L, Caudal J, Ernoult A. Least‐cost path analysis for urban greenways planning: A test with moths and birds across two habitats and two cities. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Balbi
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | - Solène Croci
- CNRSUniversité Rennes 2UMR 6554 LETG Rennes France
| | - Eric J. Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health Agrocampus OuestINRAE Rennes France
| | - Alain Butet
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | | | - Luc Madec
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
| | | | - Aude Ernoult
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO Université de Rennes 1 Rennes France
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8
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Kaiser A, Merckx T, Van Dyck H. An experimental test of changed personality in butterflies from anthropogenic landscapes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Lindestad O, Schmalensee L, Lehmann P, Gotthard K. Variation in butterfly diapause duration in relation to voltinism suggests adaptation to autumn warmth, not winter cold. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olle Lindestad
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | | | - Karl Gotthard
- Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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10
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MacDonald ZG, Acorn JH, Zhang J, Nielsen SE. Perceptual Range, Targeting Ability, and Visual Habitat Detection by Greater Fritillary Butterflies Speyeria cybele (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Speyeria atlantis. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5525229. [PMID: 31254380 PMCID: PMC6599276 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Butterflies are widely invoked as model organisms in studies of metapopulation and dispersal processes. Integral to such investigations are understandings of perceptual range; the maximum distance at which organisms are able to detect patches of suitable habitat. To infer perceptual range, researchers have released butterflies at varying distances from habitat patches and observed their subsequent flight behaviors. It is often assumed that butterflies rely on visual senses for habitat detection; however, this assumption has not been explicitly investigated. Here, we assess the extent and sensory determinants of perceptual range for the great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele (Fabricius, 1775)) and Atlantis fritillary (Speyeria atlantis (W.H. Edwards, 1862)). This was achieved by experimentally releasing butterflies over open water at various distances from a lake island, representing an isolated habitat patch in a dichotomous habitat-matrix landscape. To infer whether butterflies rely on vision for habitat detection, we exposed a subset of butterflies to a series of intense light flashes before release to induce flash blindness (bleaching of photoreceptive rhodopsins) without affecting olfaction. Flashed individuals were 30.1 times less likely to successfully navigate to the target island after release, suggesting butterflies rely primarily on visual senses to navigate fragmented landscapes. For unflashed butterflies, the likelihood of successful navigation decreased by a factor of 2.1 for every 10 m increase in release distance. However, no specific distance threshold for perceptual range was observed. We therefore suggest that perceptual range is best viewed as a continuum of probabilities (targeting ability), reflecting the likelihood of habitat detection across a range of distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G MacDonald
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John H Acorn
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jian Zhang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Scott E Nielsen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Doherty TS, Driscoll DA. Coupling movement and landscape ecology for animal conservation in production landscapes. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2272. [PMID: 29298935 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat conversion in production landscapes is among the greatest threats to biodiversity, not least because it can disrupt animal movement. Using the movement ecology framework, we review animal movement in production landscapes, including areas managed for agriculture and forestry. We consider internal and external drivers of altered animal movement and how this affects navigation and motion capacities and population dynamics. Conventional management approaches in fragmented landscapes focus on promoting connectivity using structural changes in the landscape. However, a movement ecology perspective emphasizes that manipulating the internal motivations or navigation capacity of animals represents untapped opportunities to improve movement and the effectiveness of structural connectivity investments. Integrating movement and landscape ecology opens new opportunities for conservation management in production landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Doherty
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood Campus), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Don A Driscoll
- Centre for Integrative Ecology (Burwood Campus), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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12
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DiLeo MF, Husby A, Saastamoinen M. Landscape permeability and individual variation in a dispersal-linked gene jointly determine genetic structure in the Glanville fritillary butterfly. Evol Lett 2018; 2:544-556. [PMID: 30564438 PMCID: PMC6292703 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now clear evidence that species across a broad range of taxa harbor extensive heritable variation in dispersal. While studies suggest that this variation can facilitate demographic outcomes such as range expansion and invasions, few have considered the consequences of intraspecific variation in dispersal for the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation across fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine how landscape characteristics and individual variation in dispersal combine to predict genetic structure using genomic and spatial data from the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We used linear and latent factor mixed models to identify the landscape features that best predict spatial sorting of alleles in the dispersal-related gene phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi). We next used structural equation modeling to test if variation in Pgi mediated gene flow as measured by Fst at putatively neutral loci. In a year when the population was recovering following a large decline, individuals with a genotype associated with greater dispersal ability were found at significantly higher frequencies in populations isolated by water and forest, and these populations showed lower levels of genetic differentiation at neutral loci. These relationships disappeared in the next year when metapopulation density was high, suggesting that the effects of individual variation are context dependent. Together our results highlight that (1) more complex aspects of landscape structure beyond just the configuration of habitat can be important for maintaining spatial variation in dispersal traits and (2) that individual variation in dispersal plays a key role in maintaining genetic variation across fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F. DiLeo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
| | - Arild Husby
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, EBCUppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18D75236UppsalaSweden
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research ProgrammeUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland
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13
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Chuang A, Peterson CR. Expanding population edges: theories, traits, and trade-offs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:494-512. [PMID: 26426311 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent patterns of global change have highlighted the importance of understanding the dynamics and mechanisms of species range shifts and expansions. Unique demographic features, spatial processes, and selective pressures can result in the accumulation and evolution of distinctive phenotypic traits at the leading edges of expansions. We review the characteristics of expanding range margins and highlight possible mechanisms for the appearance of phenotypic differences between individuals at the leading edge and core of the range. The development of life history traits that increase dispersal or reproductive ability is predicted by theory and supported with extensive empirical evidence. Many examples of rapid phenotypic change are associated with trade-offs that may influence the persistence of the trait once expansion ends. Accounting for the effects of edge phenotypes and related trade-offs could be critical for predicting the spread of invasive species and population responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chuang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Christopher R Peterson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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14
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Zalucki MP, Parry HR, Zalucki JM. Movement and egg laying in Monarchs: To move or not to move, that is the equation. AUSTRAL ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. P. Zalucki
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - H. R. Parry
- CSIRO; EcoSciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - J. M. Zalucki
- School of Environment; Griffith University; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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15
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Bonelli S, Vrabec V, Witek M, Barbero F, Patricelli D, Nowicki P. Selection on dispersal in isolated butterfly metapopulations. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Janin A, Léna JP, Joly P. Habitat fragmentation affects movement behavior of migrating juvenile common toads. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Bergerot B, Merckx T, Van Dyck H, Baguette M. Habitat fragmentation impacts mobility in a common and widespread woodland butterfly: do sexes respond differently? BMC Ecol 2012; 12:5. [PMID: 22540674 PMCID: PMC3430564 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory predicts a nonlinear response of dispersal evolution to habitat fragmentation. First, dispersal will be favoured in line with both decreasing area of habitat patches and increasing inter-patch distances. Next, once these inter-patch distances exceed a critical threshold, dispersal will be counter-selected, unless essential resources no longer co-occur in compact patches but are differently scattered; colonization of empty habitat patches or rescue of declining populations are then increasingly overruled by dispersal costs like mortality risks and loss of time and energy. However, to date, most empirical studies mainly document an increase of dispersal associated with habitat fragmentation. We analyzed dispersal kernels for males and females of the common, widespread woodland butterfly Pararge aegeria in highly fragmented landscape, and for males in landscapes that differed in their degree of habitat fragmentation. RESULTS The male and female probabilities of moving were considerably lower in the highly fragmented landscapes compared to the male probability of moving in fragmented agricultural and deciduous oak woodland landscapes. We also investigated whether, and to what extent, daily dispersal distance in the highly fragmented landscape was influenced by a set of landscape variables for both males and females, including distance to the nearest woodland, area of the nearest woodland, patch area and abundance of individuals in the patch. We found that daily movement distance decreased with increasing distance to the nearest woodland in both males and females. Daily distances flown by males were related to the area of the woodland capture site, whereas no such effect was observed for females. CONCLUSION Overall, mobility was strongly reduced in the highly fragmented landscape, and varied considerably among landscapes with different spatial resource distributions. We interpret the results relative to different cost-benefit ratios of movements in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bergerot
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, UMR 7204 CERSP, 55 Rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
- hepia Geneva, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Technology, Architecture and Landscape, Centre de Lullier, Route de Presinge 150, Jussy, CH-1254, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Merckx
- Theoretical Ecology and Biodiversity Change Lab, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa,, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Hans Van Dyck
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 4 bte, Louvain-la-Neuve, L7.07.04, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Michel Baguette
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, UMR 7204 CERSP, 55 Rue Buffon, Paris, 75005, France
- CNRS, USR 2936, Station d’ Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Moulis, 09200, France
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18
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Modelling dispersal: an eco-evolutionary framework incorporating emigration, movement, settlement behaviour and the multiple costs involved. Methods Ecol Evol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Van Dyck H. Changing organisms in rapidly changing anthropogenic landscapes: the significance of the 'Umwelt'-concept and functional habitat for animal conservation. Evol Appl 2012; 5:144-53. [PMID: 25568037 PMCID: PMC3353339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing recognition for the significance of evolutionary thinking in ecology and conservation biology. However, ecology and conservation studies often work with species-specific, fixed traits that ignore intraspecific variation. The way the habitat of a species is considered is an example of typological thinking biased by human perception. Structural habitat units (e.g., land cover types) as perceived by humans may not represent functional habitat units for other organisms. Human activity may also interfere with the environmental information used by organisms. Therefore, the Umwelt-concept from ethology needs to be integrated in the way we think about habitat and habitat selection. It states that different organisms live in different perceptual worlds dealing with specific subsamples of the environment as a result of their evolutionary and developmental history. The resource-based habitat concept is a functional habitat model based on resource distributions (consumables and conditions) and individual movements. This behavioural approach takes into account aspects that relate to the perceptual world of organisms. This approach may offer new opportunities for conservation and may help avoid failures with habitat restoration. Perceptual ability may be subject to adaptive change, but it may also constrain organisms from showing adaptive behaviours in rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Van Dyck
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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20
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Willi Y, Hoffmann AA. Microgeographic adaptation linked to forest fragmentation and habitat quality in the tropical fruit fly Drosophila birchii. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.20156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gibbs M, Van Dyck H, Breuker CJ. Development on drought-stressed host plants affects life history, flight morphology and reproductive output relative to landscape structure. Evol Appl 2011; 5:66-75. [PMID: 25568030 PMCID: PMC3353328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2011.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
With global climate change, rainfall is becoming more variable. Predicting the responses of species to changing rainfall levels is difficult because, for example in herbivorous species, these effects may be mediated indirectly through changes in host plant quality. Furthermore, species responses may result from a simultaneous interaction between rainfall levels and other environmental variables such as anthropogenic land use or habitat quality. In this eco-evolutionary study, we examined how male and female Pararge aegeria (L.) from woodland and agricultural landscape populations were affected by the development on drought-stressed host plants. Compared with individuals from woodland landscapes, when reared on drought-stressed plants agricultural individuals had longer development times, reduced survival rates and lower adult body masses. Across both landscape types, growth on drought-stressed plants resulted in males and females with low forewing aspect ratios and in females with lower wing loading and reduced fecundity. Development on drought-stressed plants also had a landscape-specific effect on reproductive output; agricultural females laid eggs that had a significantly lower hatching success. Overall, our results highlight several potential mechanisms by which low water availability, via changes in host plant quality, may differentially influence P. aegeria populations relative to landscape structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gibbs
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford, UK ; Behavioural Ecology & Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Dyck
- Behavioural Ecology & Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Casper J Breuker
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University Oxford, UK
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Bonte D, Van Dyck H, Bullock JM, Coulon A, Delgado M, Gibbs M, Lehouck V, Matthysen E, Mustin K, Saastamoinen M, Schtickzelle N, Stevens VM, Vandewoestijne S, Baguette M, Barton K, Benton TG, Chaput-Bardy A, Clobert J, Dytham C, Hovestadt T, Meier CM, Palmer SCF, Turlure C, Travis JMJ. Costs of dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2011; 87:290-312. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2011.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Powney GD, Roy DB, Chapman D, Brereton T, Oliver TH. Measuring functional connectivity using long-term monitoring data. Methods Ecol Evol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2011.00098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Palmer SCF, Coulon A, Travis JMJ. Introducing a ‘stochastic movement simulator’ for estimating habitat connectivity. Methods Ecol Evol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2010.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Vandewoestijne S, Van Dyck H. Population genetic differences along a latitudinal cline between original and recently colonized habitat in a butterfly. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13810. [PMID: 21072197 PMCID: PMC2972211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past and current range or spatial expansions have important consequences on population genetic structure. Habitat-use expansion, i.e. changing habitat associations, may also influence genetic population parameters, but has been less studied. Here we examined the genetic population structure of a Palaeartic woodland butterfly Pararge aegeria (Nymphalidae) which has recently colonized agricultural landscapes in NW-Europe. Butterflies from woodland and agricultural landscapes differ in several phenotypic traits (including morphology, behavior and life history). We investigated whether phenotypic divergence is accompanied by genetic divergence between populations of different landscapes along a 700 km latitudinal gradient. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Populations (23) along the latitudinal gradient in both landscape types were analyzed using microsatellite and allozyme markers. A general decrease in genetic diversity with latitude was detected, likely due to post-glacial colonization effects. Contrary to expectations, agricultural landscapes were not less diverse and no significant bottlenecks were detected. Nonetheless, a genetic signature of recent colonization is reflected in the absence of clinal genetic differentiation within the agricultural landscape, significantly lower gene flow between agricultural populations (3.494) than between woodland populations (4.183), and significantly higher genetic differentiation between agricultural (0.050) than woodland (0.034) pairwise comparisons, likely due to multiple founder events. Globally, the genetic data suggest multiple long distance dispersal/colonization events and subsequent high intra- and inter-landscape gene flow in this species. Phosphoglucomutase deviated from other enzymes and microsatellite markers, and hence may be under selection along the latitudinal gradient but not between landscape types. Phenotypic divergence was greater than genetic divergence, indicating directional selection on some flight morphology traits. MAIN CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Clinal differentiation characterizes the population structure within the original woodland habitat. Genetic signatures of recent habitat expansion remain, notwithstanding high gene flow. After differentiation through drift was excluded, both latitude and landscape were significant factors inducing spatially variable phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandewoestijne
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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26
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Gibbs M, Van Dyck H. Butterfly flight activity affects reproductive performance and longevity relative to landscape structure. Oecologia 2010; 163:341-50. [PMID: 20372930 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to an overlap in the resources used by the flight muscles with the resources used during egg production, it has been hypothesised that an increased dispersal in fragmented landscapes may result in a physiological trade-off between flight and reproduction. In a common garden experiment, we investigated the effects of increased flight on the reproductive output of female speckled wood butterflies (Pararge aegeria, L.) from closed continuous woodland populations versus open highly fragmented agricultural landscapes in central France. Our flight treatment significantly affected resource allocation to egg size, but had no effect on mean daily fecundity. This treatment effect was similar for females from the two landscapes of origin, and suggests that energetic costs associated with increased flight result in a decrease in resource allocation to egg provisioning. There was a landscape-specific effect of flight on longevity: flight reduced longevity by 21% in woodland females, but had no affect on agricultural females. This result suggests that woodland landscape females further compensate for excessive flight by redirecting resources away from somatic maintenance, resulting in reduced life spans. Our results strongly indicate that increased flight caused by changes in landscape structure may impact on key life history traits such as reproductive success and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Gibbs
- Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 4-5, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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27
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Bonte D, Hovestadt T, Poethke HJ. Evolution of dispersal polymorphism and local adaptation of dispersal distance in spatially structured landscapes. OIKOS 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2009.17943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Dispersal has recently gained much attention because of its crucial role in the conservation and evolution of species facing major environmental changes such as habitat loss and fragmentation, climate change, and their interactions. Butterflies have long been recognized as ideal model systems for the study of dispersal and a huge amount of data on their ability to disperse has been collected under various conditions. However, no single 'best' method seems to exist leading to the co-occurrence of various approaches to study butterfly mobility, and therefore a high heterogeneity among data on dispersal across this group. Accordingly, we here reviewed the knowledge accumulated on dispersal and mobility in butterflies, to detect general patterns. This meta-analysis specifically addressed two questions. Firstly, do the various methods provide a congruent picture of how dispersal ability is distributed across species? Secondly, is dispersal species-specific? Five sources of data were analysed: multisite mark-recapture experiments, genetic studies, experimental assessments, expert opinions, and transect surveys. We accounted for potential biases due to variation in genetic markers, sample sizes, spatial scales or the level of habitat fragmentation. We showed that the various dispersal estimates generally converged, and that the relative dispersal ability of species could reliably be predicted from their relative vagrancy (records of butterflies outside their normal habitat). Expert opinions gave much less reliable estimates of realized dispersal but instead reflected migration propensity of butterflies. Within-species comparisons showed that genetic estimates were relatively invariable, while other dispersal estimates were highly variable. This latter point questions dispersal as a species-specific, invariant trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie M Stevens
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS-MNHN 7179, 1 avenue du petit château, FR-91800 Brunoy, France.
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Gibbs M, Van Dyck H. Reproductive plasticity, oviposition site selection, and maternal effects in fragmented landscapes. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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30
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Between-population variation in homeward orientation behaviour in two riparian wolf spiders. Behav Processes 2009; 82:62-6. [PMID: 19414063 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals make decisions based on various sources of information that differ in spatial and temporal scale of validity and/or applicability. This decision-making is expected to be shaped by evolutionary processes and is especially relevant in stressful situations. The importance of inherited sources of information or experience involved in orientation behaviour remains to date unclear. By means of a field-experiment, we evaluated variation in zonal recovery of two sympatric riparian Pardosa wolf spiders after releasing individuals offshore from a non-familiar river bank. After acclimatisation under controlled laboratory conditions, both species showed strong directional movements towards the natal river bank shore. Additionally, the more stenotopic riparian wolf spider showed considerable between-individual variation in orientation behaviour. In conclusion, information with respect to an individual's origin acts as an important cue for wolf spider orientation during movement. Our findings provide insights into decision-making processes in stressful situations and point to between-population variation in orientation behaviour, which relates to inherited factors and/or early-life (learned) experience.
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31
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Enfjäll K, Leimar O. The evolution of dispersal - the importance of information about population density and habitat characteristics. OIKOS 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Kobayashi T, Nakashizuka T, Kitahara M. Effects of fragmentation of secondary broadleaf deciduous forests on populations of the near-threatened butterfly, Sasakia charonda (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), in central Japan. Ecol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-008-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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