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Menges V, Rohovsky M, Rojas Feilke R, Menzel F. Species-specific behavioural responses to environmental variation as a potential species coexistence mechanism in ants. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240439. [PMID: 39192762 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question of ecology is why species coexist in the same habitat. Coexistence can be enabled through niche differentiation, mediated by trait differentiation. Here, behaviour constitutes an often-overlooked set of traits. However, behaviours such as aggression and exploration drive intra- and interspecific competition, especially so in ants, where community structure is usually shaped by aggressive interactions. We studied behavioural variation in three ant species, which often co-occur in close proximity and occupy similar dominance ranks. We analysed how intra- and allospecific aggression, exploration and foraging activity vary under field conditions, namely with temperature and over time. Behaviours were assessed for 12 colonies per species, and four times each during several months. All behavioural traits consistently differed among colonies, but also varied over time and with temperature. These temperature-dependent and seasonal responses were highly species-specific. For example, foraging activity decreased at high temperatures in Formica rufibarbis, but not in Lasius niger; over time, it declined strongly in L. niger but much less in F. rufibarbis. Our results suggest that, owing to these species-specific responses, no species is always competitively superior. Thus, environmental and temporal variation effects a dynamic dominance hierarchy among the species, facilitating coexistence via the storage effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Menges
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Merle Rohovsky
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Raúl Rojas Feilke
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 , Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Florian Menzel
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg University, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 15 , Mainz 55128, Germany
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Popp S, Dornhaus A. Collective search in ants: Movement determines footprints, and footprints influence movement. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299432. [PMID: 38652728 PMCID: PMC11037541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Collectively searching animals might be expected to coordinate with their groupmates to cover ground more evenly or efficiently than uncoordinated groups. Communication can lead to coordination in many ways. Previous work in ants suggests that chemical 'footprints', left behind by individuals as they walk, might serve this function by modulating the movement patterns of following ants. Here, we test this hypothesis by considering the two predictions that, first, ants may turn away from sites with higher footprint concentrations (klinotaxis), or, second, that they may change their turning patterns depending on the presence of footprints (klinokinesis). We tracked 5 whole colonies of Temnothorax rugatulus ants in a large arena over 5h. We approximated the footprint concentration by summing ant visitations for each point in the arena and calculated the speed and local path straightness for each point of the ant trajectories. We counterintuitively find that ants walk slightly faster and straighter in areas with fewer footprints. This is partially explained by the effect that ants who start out from the nest walking straighter move on average further away from the nest, where there are naturally fewer footprints, leading to an apparent relationship between footprint density and straightness However, ants walk slightly faster and straighter off footprints even when controlling for this effect. We tested for klinotaxis by calculating the footprint concentrations perceived by the left and right antennae of ants and found no evidence for a turning-away (nor turning-towards) behavior. Instead, we found noticeable effects of environmental idiosyncrasies on the behavior of ants which are likely to overpower any reactions to pheromones. Our results indicate that search density around an ant colony is affected by several independent processes, including individual differences in movement pattern, local spatial heterogeneities, and ants' reactions to chemical footprints. The multitude of effects illustrates that non-communicative coordination, individual biases and interactions with the environment might have a greater impact on group search efficiency and exploratory movements than pheromone communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Popp
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anna Dornhaus
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Dos Santos PG, Dos Santos EG, de Carvalho Guimarães I, Cardoso CAL, Lima-Junior SE, Antonialli-Junior WF. Hydrocarbons in Formicidae: influence of chemical footprints on ant behavioral strategies. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:24. [PMID: 38634907 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
When an insect walks, it leaves chemical cues that derive from the arolium, a tarsal structure. These cues may contain important information about other species that occur in their community and can then mediate interactions of competition, predation, and information about resources with ants from their own colony. The compounds of these cues are released into the substrate in the form of chemical footprints. There are still few species studied, and little is known about the behavior of ants regarding these signals and how they use them in their interactions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the behavioral strategy of different ant species when confronted with chemical footprints left by other ants, as well as identify their compounds and their relationship with the cuticular hydrocarbon profile. The experiments were performed using a Y-maze, where in one of the arms, there were chemical footprints of their own species or of other species, and the other Y arm was footprint-free. The chemical compounds of footprints and cuticle were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that foragers of all species detect and respond to the presence of chemical cues in the form of footprints left by other ants. Foragers of all species followed footprints of individuals of the same species both nestmates and non-nestmates; however, Neoponera villosa avoided the footprints of Cephalotes borgmeieri, and C. borgmeieri avoided the footprints of the other two species. The chemical compositions of the cuticle and footprints are related to each other and are specific to each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Galvão Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Elane Galvão Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciência E Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Carvalho Guimarães
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Eduardo Lima-Junior
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
| | - William Fernando Antonialli-Junior
- Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos Em Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Dourados, Mato Grosso Do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
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Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference. CHEMOECOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-021-00354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species Harmonia axyridis. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of Lasius niger was more frequent than that of Myrmica rubra and L. niger aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to H. axyridis. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of L. niger aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of L. niger towards H. axyridis and reduced avoidance behavior in H. axyridis compared to the equally voracious C. septempunctata might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.
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Cordonnier M, Blight O, Angulo E, Courchamp F. The Native Ant Lasius niger Can Limit the Access to Resources of the Invasive Argentine Ant. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122451. [PMID: 33371344 PMCID: PMC7767331 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Invasive ants are often highly dominant competitors, having strong impacts on native species. Such invaders often exploit resources better than native species, finding them first or collecting them faster. They are also often more efficient when interfering with other species, suffering fewer losses or preventing access to resources. We assessed the competitive behavior of the invasive Argentine ant when facing another invasive species or a native dominant species. The exploratory behavior of the Argentine ant was strongly inhibited by the native dominant species. The Argentine ant brought very few prey resources to its nest and killed few opponents. Conversely, the other invasive species had low impact on the Argentine ant. Contrary to expectations, the invasive species lacked the ability to hinder resource exploitation by the Argentine ant, whereas the native dominant species did. These results suggest that a native species could impact invasive populations of the Argentine ant by interference competition, perhaps better so than some invasive species. In the northern half of Europe, it could prevent further expansion of this highly invasive species. Abstract Within ant communities, the biotic resistance of native species against invasive ones is expected to be rare, because invasive species are often highly dominant competitors. The invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)) often demonstrated numerical dominance against its opponents, increased aggressiveness, and ability to quickly recruit to food. The present study aimed to assess the behavioral mechanisms involved in the interspecific competition between L. humile, facing either an invasive species (Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma and Andrásfalvy) or a native dominant species (Lasius niger (Linnaeus)). The resource exploitation by the Argentine ant was investigated during one-hour competitive interactions using 10 dead Drosophila flies as prey. When facing La. niger, L. humile exploratory behavior was strongly inhibited, it brought very few prey resources, and killed few opponents. Conversely, La. neglectus had a low impact on L. humile. Contrarily to expectations, the invasive La. neglectus lacked the ability to hinder L. humile resource exploitation, whereas the native La. niger did. These results suggest that La. niger could impact invasive populations of L. humile by interference competition, perhaps better so than some invasive species. While L. humile has become invasive in Southern Europe, the invasion process could be slowed down in the northern latitudes by such native dominant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cordonnier
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.A.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olivier Blight
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Avignon University, 84000 Avignon, France;
| | - Elena Angulo
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France; (E.A.); (F.C.)
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Pereira H, Detrain C. Prophylactic Avoidance of Hazardous Prey by the Ant Host Myrmica rubra. INSECTS 2020; 11:E444. [PMID: 32674516 PMCID: PMC7412340 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ants are the hosts of many microorganisms, including pathogens that are incidentally brought inside the nest by foragers. This is particularly true for scavenging species, which collect hazardous food such as dead insects. Foragers limit sanitary risks by not retrieving highly infectious prey releasing entomopathogenic fungal spores. This study investigates whether similar prophylactic strategies are also developed for food associated with weak or delayed risks of fungal contamination. We compared, in Myrmica rubra ant colonies, the retrieval dynamics of dead flies that were (1) conidia-free, (2) covered with a low amount of Metarhizium brunneum entomopathogenic conidia or (3) recently fungus-killed but not yet sporulating. Foragers mostly avoided fungus-killed prey and delayed the retrieval of conidia-covered flies. A second sanitary filter occurred inside the nest through a careful inspection of the retrieved prey. Ultimately, ants mostly consumed conidia-free and conidia-covered flies, but they relocated and discarded all fungus-killed prey outside of the nest. Our study confirms that, as a host of generalist entomopathogenic fungi, Myrmica rubra ants have developed a prophylactic avoidance and a differential management of prey depending on their infectious potential. We discuss the functional value as well as the possible cues underlying pathogen avoidance and prey discrimination in ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Pereira
- Unit of Social Ecology, CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Hunt ER, Franks NR, Baddeley RJ. The Bayesian superorganism: externalized memories facilitate distributed sampling. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190848. [PMID: 32546115 PMCID: PMC7328406 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge for any animal (or sampling technique) is to avoid wasting time by searching for resources (information) in places already found to be unprofitable. In biology, this challenge is particularly strong when the organism is a central place forager—returning to a nest between foraging bouts—because it is destined repeatedly to cover much the same ground. This problem will be particularly acute if many individuals forage from the same central place, as in social insects such as the ants. Foraging (sampling) performance may be greatly enhanced by coordinating movement trajectories such that each ant (walker) visits separate parts of the surrounding (unknown) space. We find experimental evidence for an externalized spatial memory in Temnothorax albipennis ants: chemical markers (either pheromones or cues such as cuticular hydrocarbon footprints) that are used by nest-mates to mark explored space. We show these markers could be used by the ants to scout the space surrounding their nest more efficiently through indirect coordination. We also develop a simple model of this marking behaviour that can be applied in the context of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (Baddeley et al. 2019 J. R. Soc. Interface16, 20190162 (doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0162)). This substantially enhances the performance of standard methods like the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm in sampling from sparse probability distributions (such as those confronted by the ants) with only a little additional computational cost. Our Bayesian framework for superorganismal behaviour motivates the evolution of exploratory mechanisms such as trail marking in terms of enhanced collective information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R Hunt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.,School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Nigel R Franks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Roland J Baddeley
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK
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Adams RMM, Wells RL, Yanoviak SP, Frost CJ, Fox EGP. Interspecific Eavesdropping on Ant Chemical Communication. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hunt ER, Jones S, Hauert S. Testing the limits of pheromone stigmergy in high-density robot swarms. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190225. [PMID: 31827817 PMCID: PMC6894587 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Area coverage and collective exploration are key challenges for swarm robotics. Previous research in this field has drawn inspiration from ant colonies, with real, or more commonly virtual, pheromones deposited into a shared environment to coordinate behaviour through stigmergy. Repellent pheromones can facilitate rapid dispersal of robotic agents, yet this has been demonstrated only for relatively small swarm sizes (N < 30). Here, we report findings from swarms of real robots (Kilobots) an order of magnitude larger (N > 300) and from realistic simulation experiments up to N = 400. We identify limitations to stigmergy in a spatially constrained, high-density environment-a free but bounded two-dimensional workspace-using repellent binary pheromone. At larger N and higher densities, a simple stigmergic avoidance algorithm becomes first no better, then inferior to, the area coverage of non-interacting random walkers. Thus, the assumption of robustness and scalability for such approaches may need to be re-examined when they are working at a high density caused by ever-increasing swarm sizes. Instead, subcellular biology, and diffusive processes, may prove a better source of inspiration at large N in high agent density environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund R. Hunt
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sabine Hauert
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Stoke Gifford, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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Naude VN, Becker FS, Mayberry JL, Vieira WF, Toit JT. Logging roads as surrogates for elephant trails: Facilitating social signaling by small forest ungulates despite increasing risks. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. Naude
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - François S. Becker
- Gobabeb Research and Training CentreNamib Naukluft Park Walvis Bay Namibia
| | - Jillian L. Mayberry
- Institute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Wilson F. Vieira
- Centre for Research in AnthropologyUniversity of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Johan T. Toit
- Department of Wildland ResourcesUtah State University Logan Utah
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Ferreira DV, Cristaldo PF, Rocha MLC, Santana DL, Santos L, Lima PSS, Araújo APA. Attraction and vibration: Effects of previous exposure and type of food resource in the perception of allocolonial odors in termites. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinamarta V. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Paulo F. Cristaldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Biodiversidade; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Marcos L. C. Rocha
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Daniela L. Santana
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Lucineide Santos
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Paulo S. S. Lima
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
| | - Ana P. A. Araújo
- Laboratório de Interações Ecológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; São Cristóvão-SE Brazil
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Wüst M, Menzel F. I smell where you walked - how chemical cues influence movement decisions in ants. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wüst
- Inst. of Zoology; Univ. of Mainz; J.-v.-Müller-Weg 6 DE-55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Florian Menzel
- Inst. of Zoology; Univ. of Mainz; J.-v.-Müller-Weg 6 DE-55099 Mainz Germany
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Binz H, Kraft EF, Entling MH, Menzel F. Behavioral response of a generalist predator to chemotactile cues of two taxonomically distinct prey species. CHEMOECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00049-016-0215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Resource availability influences aggression and response to chemical cues in the Neotropical termite Nasutitermes aff. coxipoensis (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bucher R, Menzel F, Entling MH. Risk of spider predation alters food web structure and reduces local herbivory in the field. Oecologia 2015; 178:571-7. [PMID: 25630957 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Predators can indirectly enhance plant performance via herbivore suppression, with both prey consumption and changes in prey traits (e.g. changes in foraging behaviour) contributing to the reduction in herbivory. We performed a field experiment to determine the extent of such non-consumptive effects which consisted of repeatedly placing spiders (Pisaura mirabilis) on enclosed plants (Urtica dioica) for cue deposition. Control plants were enclosed in the same way but without spiders. After cue deposition, the enclosures were removed to allow arthropods to colonize the plants and feed on them. Arthropods were removed from the plants before the subsequent spider deposition or control enclosure. During six cycles of enclosure, we quantified leaf damage on the plants. After a seventh cycle, the colonizing arthropods were sampled to determine community composition in relation to the presence/absence of spider cues. We found that the presence of chemotactile spider cues reduced leaf damage by 50 %. In addition, spider cues led to changes in the arthropod community: smaller spiders avoided plants with spider cues. In contrast, the aphid-tending ant Myrmica rubra showed higher recruitment of workers on cue-bearing plants, possibly to protect aphids. Our results show that the risk of spider predation can reduce herbivory on wild plants and also demonstrate that non-consumptive effects can be particularly strong within the predator guild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bucher
- Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstrasse 7, 76829, Landau, Germany,
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