1
|
Setser MMW, Neave HW, Costa JHC. Are you ready for a challenge? Personality traits influence dairy calves' responses to disease, pain, and nutritional challenges. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01013-0. [PMID: 39033912 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Dairy calves routinely experience disease, pain, and nutritional stressors such as diarrhea, dehorning, and weaning early in life. These stressors lead to changes in behavioral expression that varies in magnitude between individuals, where a greater magnitude change would suggest lower resilience in individuals to a stressor. Thus, this study first aimed to quantify the individual variation in magnitude change in feeding behaviors and activity in response to a bout of diarrhea, dehorning, and weaning. The next objective was to then investigate if personality traits were related to this magnitude of behavioral response in dairy calves, and thus their resilience toward these stressors. Calves were followed with 2 precision livestock technologies (e.g.: an automatic feeding system (AFS), and leg accelerometer) to track behavioral changes in response during the time when the stressors were present. The AFS provided daily measures of milk intake, drinking speed, rewarded and unrewarded visits to the milk feeding station, and calf starter intake. The leg accelerometer provided daily measures of steps, activity index, lying time, and lying bouts. At 23 ± 3 d of age, Holstein dairy calves (n = 49) were subjected to a series of standardized personality tests that exposed calf to novelty and fear stimuli. Factors extracted from a principal component analysis on the behaviors from the personality test were utilized to represent personality traits: Factor 1 ('Fearful'), Factor 2 ('Active') and Factor 3 ('Explorative'). The magnitude change in behaviors from the precision livestock technologies were calculated relative to the behavior performed on the day the stressor occurred (i.e., day of diagnosis; day of dehorning; day weaned). Linear regression models were utilized to determine if calf scores on each factor were associated with magnitude change in behavior for each of the stressor periods with day relative to the stressor included as a repeated measure. Models were run independently for the period leading up to and following each stressor. We found that calves varied in their behavioral responses to diarrhea, dehorning, and weaning stressors, despite being reared in the same environment and experiencing consistent management procedures. Additionally, personality traits measured from standardized tests were associated to both the direction and magnitude of change in behaviors around each stressor. For instance, with diarrhea, calves that were highly 'Fearful' had a greater magnitude change in milk intake and drinking speed following diagnosis than the least 'Fearful' calves. With dehorning, calves that were highly 'Explorative' had a greater magnitude change in lying time when dehorned, but a smaller magnitude change in lying bouts and drinking speed following dehorning, than the least 'explorative' calves. With weaning, calves that were highly 'Active' had a smaller magnitude change in unrewarded visits leading up to and following weaning than calves that were the least 'Active'. Each of the personality traits had a significant association with change in behavior surrounding each of the stressors evaluated, although these associations depended on the type of stressor. These results have implications for how individual calves experience each stressor and therefore individual animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Woodrum Setser
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - H W Neave
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - J H C Costa
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yalcin EB, Tong M, Delikkaya B, Pelit W, Yang Y, de la Monte SM. Differential effects of moderate chronic ethanol consumption on neurobehavior, white matter glial protein expression, and mTOR pathway signaling with adolescent brain maturation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2024; 50:492-516. [PMID: 38847790 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2355540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescent brains are highly vulnerable to heavy alcohol exposure. Increased understanding of how alcohol adversely impacts brain maturation may improve treatment outcomes.Objectives: This study characterizes short-term versus long-term effects of ethanol feeding on behavior, frontal lobe glial proteins, and mTOR signaling.Methods: Adolescent rats (8/group) were fed liquid diets containing 26% or 0% ethanol for 2 or 9 weeks, then subjected to novel object recognition (NOR) and open field (OF) tests. Frontal lobes were used for molecular assays.Results: Significant ethanol effects on OF performance occurred in the 2-week model (p < .0001). Further shifts in OF and NOR performance were unrelated to ethanol exposure in the 9-week models (p < .05 to p < .0001). Ethanol inhibited MAG1 (p < .01) and MBP (p < .0001) after 2 but not 9 weeks. However, both control and ethanol 9-week models had significantly reduced MAG1 (p < .001-0.0001), MBP (p < .0001), PDGFRA (p < .05-0.01), and PLP (p < .001-0.0001) relative to the 2-week models. GFAP was the only glial protein significantly inhibited by ethanol in both 2- (p < .01) and 9-week (p < .05) models. Concerning the mTOR pathway, ethanol reduced IRS-1 (p < .05) and globally inhibited mTOR (p < .01 or p < .001) in the 9- but not the 2-week model.Conclusions: Short-term versus long-term ethanol exposures differentially alter neurobehavioral function, glial protein expression, and signaling through IRS-1 and mTOR, which have known roles in myelination during adolescence. These findings suggest that strategies to prevent chronic alcohol-related brain pathology should consider the increased maturation-related vulnerability of adolescent brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine B Yalcin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Busra Delikkaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Providence VA Medical Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Lifespan Academic Institutions, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alam MR, Dobhal V, Singh S. Neuroprotective potential of solanesol against tramadol induced zebrafish model of Parkinson's disease: insights from neurobehavioral, molecular, and neurochemical evidence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38938099 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2355542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and subsequent depletion of dopamine in the striatum. Solanesol, an alcohol that acts as a precursor to coenzyme Q10, possesses potential applications in managing neurological disorders with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuromodulatory potential. In this study, a zebrafish model was employed to investigate the effects of solanesol in tramadol induced PD like symptoms. Zebrafish were administered tramadol injections (50 mg/kg) over a 20-day period. Solanesol was administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, three hours prior to tramadol administration from day 11 to day 20. Behavioral tests assessing motor coordination were conducted on a weekly basis using open field and novel diving tank apparatus. On day 21, the zebrafish were euthanized, and brain tissues were examined for markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitters level. Chronic tramadol treatment resulted in motor impairment, reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines in the striatum, and disrupted neurotransmitter balance. However, solanesol administration mitigated these effects and exhibited a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative alterations in the zebrafish model of PD. This was evident through improvements in behavior, modulation of biochemical markers, attenuation of neuroinflammation, restoration of neurotransmitters level, and enhancement of mitochondrial activity. The histopathological study also confirmed that solanesol dose dependently restored neuronal cell density which confirmed its neuroprotective potential. Further investigations are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of solanesol neuroprotective effects and evaluate its efficacy in human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Vaishali Dobhal
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Division, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Humphreys BR, Mortelliti A. Pilfering personalities: Effects of small mammal personality on cache pilferage. J Anim Ecol 2024. [PMID: 38500218 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Small mammals such as mice and voles play a fundamental role in the ecosystem service of seed dispersal by caching seeds in small hoards that germinate under beneficial conditions. Pilferage is a critical step in this process in which animals steal seeds from other individuals' caches. Pilferers often recache stolen seeds, which are often pilfered by new individuals, who may recache again, and so on, potentially leading to compounded increased dispersal distance. However, little research has investigated intraspecific differences in pilfering frequency, despite its importance in better understanding the role of behavioural diversity in the valuable ecosystem service of seed dispersal. We conducted a field experiment in Maine (USA) investigating how intraspecific variation, including personality, influences pilferage effectiveness. Within the context of a long-term capture-mark-recapture study, we measured the unique personality of 3311 individual small mammals of 10 species over a 7-year period. For this experiment, we created artificial caches using eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) seeds monitored with trail cameras and buried antennas for individual identification. Of the 436 caches created, 83.5% were pilfered by 10 species, including deer mice ((Peromyscus maniculatus) and southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi). We show how individuals differ in their ability to pilfer seeds and that these differences are driven by personality, body condition and sex. More exploratory deer mice and those with lower body condition were more likely to locate a cache, and female southern red-backed voles were more likely than males to locate caches. Also, caches were more likely to be pilfered in areas of higher small mammal abundance. Because the risk of pilferage drives decisions concerning where an animal chooses to store seeds, pilferage pressure is thought to drive the evolution of food-hoarding behaviour. Our study shows that pilferage ability varies between individuals, meaning that some individuals have a disproportionately strong influence on others' caching decisions and disproportionately contribute to compounded longer-distance seed dispersal facilitated by pilferage. Our results add to a growing body of knowledge showing that the unique personalities of individual small mammals play a critical role in forest regeneration by impacting seed dispersal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigit R Humphreys
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beukeboom R, Benhaïm D. How to measure exploration: A combined estimation method. Behav Processes 2024; 216:104998. [PMID: 38336237 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The personality axis 'exploration-avoidance' is often measured using an open field test (OFT) from which measurements such as mobility level (e.g. distance travelled) and space use (e.g. area covered) in an unknown environment are extracted. Recently developed tracking software surprisingly includes only a measure of mobility level in their output summary. Consequently, recent articles using these software programs started to ignore a measure of space use in their determination of exploration. In this short communication, we show briefly why it is important to not overlook a measure of space use, provide an easy way to calculate such a measure, with adjustable resolution, from the available position data provided by the software and a method to determine a proxy for exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Beukeboom
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland.
| | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Sauðárkrókur, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Frynta D, Tomanová L, Holubová K, Vobrubová B, Štolhoferová I, Rudolfová V. Structural consistency of exploratory behaviour of sub-adult and adult spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) in seven different tests. Behav Processes 2024; 216:105003. [PMID: 38336236 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2024.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The genus Acomys is of growing importance to many research fields. Previous research has shown that individuals differ when exploring new environments and that these behavioural strategies are consistent in time. In this study, we subjected 60 commensal Acomys cahirinus (37 males, 23 females) to a series of seven tests (free exploration, forced exploration under bright illumination, forced exploration under low illumination, hole board test, vertical activity test, elevated plus maze, and voluntary wheel running) to acquire independent behavioural traits and investigate whether and how personality develops in spiny mice. The full series of experiments was performed twice during ontogeny: once in the sub-adult stage (tested at 62-72 days of age) and once in the adult stage (102-112 days of age). We found that behaviour of the animals was repeatable both within (range of R values from 0.155 to 0.726) and across the two life-stages (0.238 to 0.563). While the structure of behaviour in adults was rather clear, it had not been fully crystalized in sub-adults, suggesting personality changes during maturation, even though some individual traits might be repeatable across ontogeny. Notably, the most consistent behavioural traits across the different tests were jumping and rearing, which are not commonly reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia
| | - Lenka Tomanová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia
| | - Kristína Holubová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czechia
| | - Barbora Vobrubová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia
| | - Iveta Štolhoferová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia.
| | - Veronika Rudolfová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 128 00, Czechia; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brehm AM, Mortelliti A. Environmental heterogeneity modifies the link between personality and survival in fluctuating small mammal populations. J Anim Ecol 2024; 93:196-207. [PMID: 38102795 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies examining the fitness consequences of animal personalities, predictions concerning the relationship between personality and survival are not consistent with empirical observations. Theory predicts that individuals who are risky (i.e. bold, active and aggressive) should have higher rates of mortality; however, empirical evidence shows high levels of variation in behaviour-survival relationships in wild populations. We suggest that this mismatch between predictions under theory and empirical observations results from environmental contingencies that drive heterogeneity in selection. This uncertainty may constrain any universal directional relationships between personality traits and survival. Specifically, we hypothesize that spatiotemporal fluctuations in perceived risk that arise from variability in refuge abundance and competitor density alter the relationship between personality traits and survival. In a large-scale manipulative experiment, we trapped four small mammal species in five subsequent years across six forest stands treated with different management practices in Maine, United States. Stands all occur within the same experimental forest but contain varying amounts of refuge and small mammal densities fluctuate over time and space. We quantified the effects of habitat structure and competitor density on the relationship between personality traits and survival to assess whether directional relationships differed depending on environmental contingencies. In the two most abundant species, deer mice and southern red-backed voles, risky behaviours (i.e. higher aggression and boldness) predicted apparent monthly survival probability. Mice that were more aggressive (less docile) had higher survival. Voles that were bolder (less timid) had higher survival, but in the risky forest stands only. Additionally, traits associated with stress coping and de-arousal increased survival probability in both species at high small mammal density but decreased survival at low density. In the two less abundant study species, there was no evidence for an effect of personality traits on survival. Our field experiment provides partial support for our hypothesis: that spatiotemporal fluctuations in refuge abundance and competitor density alter the relationship between personality traits and survival. Our findings also suggest that behaviours associated with stress coping and de-arousal may be subject to density-dependent selection and should be further assessed and incorporated into theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Brehm
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Feng T, Lu W. The effects of valproic acid neurotoxicity on aggressive behavior in zebrafish autism model. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 275:109783. [PMID: 37926328 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an effective drug, which is preferred for the treatments of epilepsy and various kinds of seizures. Nonetheless, VPA has many side effects associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, we conducted molecular and behavior tests in adult proactive zebrafish after VPA exposure to investigate gene transcription changes, social behavior, aggression, anxiety and locomotion. Our findings revealed that VPA exposure generates ASD-like phenotypes and behaviors: genes associated with autism, such as adsl, mbd5 and shank3a altered; social interaction deficit. Further behavioral patterns suggest that VPA exposure induces decreases in aggression and increases the anxiety behavior and body cortisol significantly. VPA exposure did not affect locomotor activity in zebrafish. Additionally, we used correlative analyses to investigate the robustness between the ASD-related genes and the different behavior tests, results showed that ASD-related genes are negatively associated with aggressive behavior. Our study demonstrated that aggressive behavior assay is a better predictor of behavior for neurotoxicology of VPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tangsong Feng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen M, Roman GW, Soibam B. Drosophila genotypes can be predicted from their exploration locomotive trajectories using supervised machine learning. Behav Processes 2023; 212:104944. [PMID: 37717930 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2023.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This study employs supervised machine learning algorithms to test whether locomotive features during exploratory activity in open field arenas can serve as predictors for the genotype of fruit flies. Because of the nonlinearity in locomotive trajectories, traditional statistical methods that are used to compare exploratory activity between genotypes of fruit flies may not reveal all insights. 10-minute-long trajectories of four different genotypes of fruit flies in an open-field arena environment were captured. Turn angles and step size features extracted from the trajectories were used for training supervised learning models to predict the genotype of the fruit flies. Using the first five minute locomotive trajectories, an accuracy of 83% was achieved in differentiating wild-type flies from three other mutant genotypes. Using the final 5 min and the entire ten minute duration decreased the performance indicating that the most variations between the genotypes in their exploratory activity are exhibited in the first few minutes. Feature importance analysis revealed that turn angle is a better predictor than step size in predicting fruit fly genotype. Overall, this study demonstrates that features of trajectories can be used to predict the genotype of fruit flies through supervised machine learning methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, One Main St, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Gregg W Roman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, 415W Faser Hall, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, One Main St, Houston, TX 77002, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamranian H, Asoudeh H, Sharif RK, Taheri F, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Alavi A, Motaghinejad M. Neuroprotective potential of trimetazidine against tramadol-induced neurotoxicity: role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:607-623. [PMID: 37051630 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2202785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol (TRA) causes neurotoxicity whereas trimetazidine (TMZ) is neuroprotective. The potential involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the neuroprotection of TMZ against TRA-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into groups. Groups 1 and 2 received saline or TRA (50 mg/kg). Groups 3, 4, and 5 received TRA (50 mg/kg) and TMZ (40, 80, or 160 mg/kg) for 14 days. Group 6 received TMZ (160 mg/kg). Hippocampal neurodegenerative, mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks)/protein kinase B levels, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptosis, autophagy, and histopathology were evaluated. TMZ decreased anxiety and depressive-like behavior induced by TRA. TMZ in tramadol-treated animals inhibited lipid peroxidation, GSSG, TNF-α, and IL-1β while increasing GSH, SOD, GPx, GR, and mitochondrial quadruple complex enzymes in the hippocampus. TRA inhibited Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase levels. TMZ reduced these changes. TRA decreased the level of JNK and increased Beclin-1 and Bax. TMZ decreased phosphorylated Bcl-2 while increasing the unphosphorylated form in tramadol-treated rats. TMZ activated phosphorylated PI3Ks, Akt, and mTOR proteins. TMZ inhibited tramadol-induced neurotoxicity by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways and its downstream inflammatory, apoptosis, and autophagy-related cascades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kamranian
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Hadi Asoudeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Central Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duckworth RA, Chenard KC, Meza L, Beiriz MC. Coping styles vary with species' sociality and life history: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105241. [PMID: 37216998 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite a long history of animal studies investigating coping styles, the causal connections between behavior and stress physiology remain unclear. Consistency across taxa in effect sizes would support the idea of a direct causal link maintained by either functional or developmental dependencies. Alternatively, lack of consistency would suggest coping styles are evolutionarily labile. Here, we investigated correlations between personality traits and baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Most personality traits did not consistently vary with either baseline or stress-induced glucocorticoids. Only aggression and sociability showed a consistent negative correlation with baseline glucocorticoids. We found that life history variation affected the relationship between stress-induced glucocorticoid levels and personality traits, especially anxiety and aggression. The relationship between anxiety and baseline glucocorticoids depended on species' sociality with solitary species showing more positive effect sizes. Thus, integration between behavioral and physiological traits depends on species' sociality and life history and suggests high evolutionary lability of coping styles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée A Duckworth
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Kathryn C Chenard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lexis Meza
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Maria Carolina Beiriz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60440-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kerman K, Roggero A, Rolando A, Palestrini C. Sexual horn dimorphism predicts the expression of active personality trait: males perform better only in the sexually horn dimorphic Onthophagus dung beetle. J ETHOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-023-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
13
|
Understanding the complex interplay of persistent and antipersistent regimes in animal movement trajectories as a prominent characteristic of their behavioral pattern profiles: Towards an automated and robust model based quantification of anxiety test data. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
14
|
Nyqvist D, Schiavon A, Candiotto A, Mozzi G, Eggers F, Comoglio C. PIT-tagging Italian spined loach (Cobitis bilineata): Methodology, survival and behavioural effects. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:575-580. [PMID: 36514841 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Italian spined loach (Cobitis bilineata) is an elongated, small-sized (<12 cm) spined loach native to northern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia. As for loaches in general, little is known about the individual movements of this loach in nature. Passive integrated transponders (PIT-tags) are small (typically 7-32 mm), relatively cheap and allow tracking of individual fish movements and behaviour. A fundamental assumption in animal telemetry is that the performance of a tagged animal does not deviate substantially from its natural performance. Although PIT-tagged fish often display high survival and tag retention, the effect varies between species and contexts, and few studies have looked at behavioural effects of PIT-tagging. Here we demonstrate a PIT-tagging methodology for spined loaches, and compare survival, activity and provoked escape response (maximum swimming speed) between tagged and control fish. We also track tag retention in the tagged fish. Italian spined loaches tagged with 12 mm PIT-tags displayed high tag retention and no extra mortality, and no effects of tagging on activity or maximum swimming speed were observed. The tag-to-fish weight and length ratios in our study ranged from 2% to 5% and from 10% to 16%, respectively, and we conclude that PIT-tagging, within these ratios, appears suitable for Italian spined loach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nyqvist
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfredo Schiavon
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gloria Mozzi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Florian Eggers
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Claudio Comoglio
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beyts C, Cella M, Colegrave N, Downie R, Martin JGA, Walsh P. The effect of heterospecific and conspecific competition on inter-individual differences in tungara frog tadpole ( Engystomops pustulosus) behavior. Behav Ecol 2023; 34:210-222. [PMID: 36998994 PMCID: PMC10047633 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated social interactions with conspecifics and/or heterospecifics during early development may drive the differentiation of behavior among individuals. Competition is a major form of social interaction and its impacts can depend on whether interactions occur between conspecifics or heterospecifics and the directionality of a response could be specific to the ecological context that they are measured in. To test this, we reared tungara frog tadpoles (Engystomops pustulosus) either in isolation, with a conspecific tadpole or with an aggressive heterospecific tadpole, the whistling frog tadpole (Leptodactylus fuscus). In each treatment, we measured the body size and distance focal E. pustulosus tadpoles swam in familiar, novel and predator risk contexts six times during development. We used univariate and multivariate hierarchical mixed effect models to investigate the effect of treatment on mean behavior, variance among and within individuals, behavioral repeatability and covariance among individuals in their behavior between contexts. There was a strong effect of competition on behavior, with different population and individual level responses across social treatments. Within a familiar context, the variance in the distance swam within individuals decreased under conspecific competition but heterospecific competition caused more variance in the average distance swam among individuals. Behavioral responses were also context specific as conspecific competition caused an increase in the distance swam within individuals in novel and predator risk contexts. The results highlight that the impact of competition on among and within individual variance in behavior is dependent on both competitor species identity and context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cammy Beyts
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maddalena Cella
- Digital Futures, Warnford Court, 29 Throngmorton Street, London, EC2N 2AT, UK
| | - Nick Colegrave
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Roger Downie
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, R205A Level 2, The University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Julien G A Martin
- Department of Biology, Marie-Curie Private, University of Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Patrick Walsh
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, EH9 3JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bogachev M, Sinitca A, Grigarevichius K, Pyko N, Lyanova A, Tsygankova M, Davletshin E, Petrov K, Ageeva T, Pyko S, Kaplun D, Kayumov A, Mukhamedshina Y. Video-based marker-free tracking and multi-scale analysis of mouse locomotor activity and behavioral aspects in an open field arena: A perspective approach to the quantification of complex gait disturbances associated with Alzheimer's disease. Front Neuroinform 2023; 17:1101112. [PMID: 36817970 PMCID: PMC9932053 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Complex gait disturbances represent one of the prominent manifestations of various neurophysiological conditions, including widespread neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, instrumental measurement techniques and automatic computerized analysis appears essential for the differential diagnostics, as well as for the assessment of treatment effectiveness from experimental animal models to clinical settings. Methods Here we present a marker-free instrumental approach to the analysis of gait disturbances in animal models. Our approach is based on the analysis of video recordings obtained with a camera placed underneath an open field arena with transparent floor using the DeeperCut algorithm capable of online tracking of individual animal body parts, such as the snout, the paws and the tail. The extracted trajectories of animal body parts are next analyzed using an original computerized methodology that relies upon a generalized scalable model based on fractional Brownian motion with parameters identified by detrended partial cross-correlation analysis. Results We have shown that in a mouse model representative movement patterns are characterized by two asymptotic regimes characterized by integrated 1/f noise at small scales and nearly random displacements at large scales separated by a single crossover. More detailed analysis of gait disturbances revealed that the detrended cross-correlations between the movements of the snout, paws and tail relative to the animal body midpoint exhibit statistically significant discrepancies in the Alzheimer's disease mouse model compared to the control group at scales around the location of the crossover. Discussion We expect that the proposed approach, due to its universality, robustness and clear physical interpretation, is a promising direction for the design of applied analysis tools for the diagnostics of various gait disturbances and behavioral aspects in animal models. We further believe that the suggested mathematical models could be relevant as a complementary tool in clinical diagnostics of various neurophysiological conditions associated with movement disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Bogachev
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Sinitca
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin Grigarevichius
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Pyko
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Asya Lyanova
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Tsygankova
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eldar Davletshin
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatyana Ageeva
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Pyko
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Kaplun
- Centre for Digital Telecommunication Technologies, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Airat Kayumov
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- Institute for Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The fast and the curious III: speed, endurance, activity, and exploration in mice. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
|
18
|
McMahon EK, Farhan S, Cavigelli SA. How do we characterize temperament? Broad testing of temperament across time and contexts in low-variable conditions. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Merz MR, Boone SR, Mortelliti A. Predation risk and personality influence seed predation and dispersal by a scatter‐hoarding small mammal. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Merz
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
| | - Sara R. Boone
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
- Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste Trieste Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beltrão P, Marques CI, Guerra S, Silva PA, Cardoso GC, Gomes ACR. Domed nests as an exaptation for compound nest construction: the case of the common waxbill. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Assessing neophobia and exploration while accounting for social context: an example application in scimitar-horned oryx. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSpatial neophobia and exploration are often assessed in nonhuman animals by measuring behavioral responses to novel environments. These traits may especially affect the performance of individuals translocated to novel environments for conservation purposes. Here, we present methods to administer and analyze a minimally invasive novel environment test that accounts for the social context of focal individuals. We used an aerial platform to capture video footage of a captive herd of scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) entering an unfamiliar enclosure. We analyzed footage for seven individually identifiable oryx, scoring their behavioral responses (i.e., latency to enter the enclosure, and movement and posture after entering the enclosure) and social context (i.e., relative position and number of nearby animals). We performed a principal components analysis (PCA) to explore individual traits and responses, and used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to determine the effect of individual traits and social context on individual posture and movement behaviors. Both PCA and GLMMs supported our expectation that social context affects individual behavior: high neighbor density and relative position were negatively related to individual movement, and variation in social context was positively related with head-up postures and movement. Oryx were well differentiated along two principal components that reflected (1) vigilance or caution, and (2) changing social context and age. These methods provide a framework for assessing individual responses to a novel environment in a group setting, which can inform reintroduction and wildlife management efforts, while minimizing interference with animal behavior and management operations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Aggression, Boldness, and Exploration Personality Traits in the Subterranean Naked Mole-Rat ( Heterocephalus glaber) Disperser Morphs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223083. [PMID: 36428311 PMCID: PMC9686569 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal personality traits (consistent behavioral differences between individuals in their behavior across time and/or situation) affect individual fitness through facets, such as dispersal. In eusocial naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) colonies, a disperser morph may arise with distinct morphological, behavioral, and physiological characteristics. This study aimed to quantify the personality traits of a cohort of disperser morphs of naked mole-rat (NMR). Behavioral tests were performed on twelve disperser morphs (six males and six females) in an observation tunnel system that was novel and unfamiliar. Novel stimuli (fresh snakeskin, tissue paper, and conspecific of the same sex) were introduced for fifteen minutes, and the behavioral acts of the individual were recorded. A total of 30 behaviors were noted during the behavioral tests of which eight were used to quantify aggression, boldness, and exploration. The NMR disperser morphs showed consistent individual differences in boldness, and exploration across time and test, indicating a distinct personality. In addition, new naked mole-rat responses including disturbance behaviors; confront, barricade, and stay-away, were recorded. Further investigations into the relationships between animal personality traits and social hierarchy position in entire colonies are needed for more informative results as we further investigate the role of personality in cooperatively breeding societies.
Collapse
|
23
|
DePasquale C, Franklin K, Jia Z, Jhaveri K, Buderman FE. The effects of exploratory behavior on physical activity in a common animal model of human disease, zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1020837. [PMID: 36425283 PMCID: PMC9679429 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1020837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are widely accepted as a multidisciplinary vertebrate model for neurobehavioral and clinical studies, and more recently have become established as a model for exercise physiology and behavior. Individual differences in activity level (e.g., exploration) have been characterized in zebrafish, however, how different levels of exploration correspond to differences in motivation to engage in swimming behavior has not yet been explored. We screened individual zebrafish in two tests of exploration: the open field and novel tank diving tests. The fish were then exposed to a tank in which they could choose to enter a compartment with a flow of water (as a means of testing voluntary motivation to exercise). After a 2-day habituation period, behavioral observations were conducted. We used correlative analyses to investigate the robustness of the different exploration tests. Due to the complexity of dependent behavioral variables, we used machine learning to determine the personality variables that were best at predicting swimming behavior. Our results show that contrary to our predictions, the correlation between novel tank diving test variables and open field test variables was relatively weak. Novel tank diving variables were more correlated with themselves than open field variables were to each other. Males exhibited stronger relationships between behavioral variables than did females. In terms of swimming behavior, fish that spent more time in the swimming zone spent more time actively swimming, however, swimming behavior was inconsistent across the time of the study. All relationships between swimming variables and exploration tests were relatively weak, though novel tank diving test variables had stronger correlations. Machine learning showed that three novel tank diving variables (entries top/bottom, movement rate, average top entry duration) and one open field variable (proportion of time spent frozen) were the best predictors of swimming behavior, demonstrating that the novel tank diving test is a powerful tool to investigate exploration. Increased knowledge about how individual differences in exploration may play a role in swimming behavior in zebrafish is fundamental to their utility as a model of exercise physiology and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cairsty DePasquale
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University – Altoona, Altoona, PA, United States
| | - Kristina Franklin
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University – Altoona, Altoona, PA, United States
| | - Zhaohan Jia
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University – Altoona, Altoona, PA, United States
| | - Kavya Jhaveri
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University – Altoona, Altoona, PA, United States
| | - Frances E. Buderman
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Warrington MH, Beaulieu S, Vos S, Jellicoe R, Bennett NC, Waterman JM. Personalities are not associated with different reproductive tactics in male Cape ground squirrels, Xerus inauris. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
25
|
Personality-dependent passage behaviour of an aquatic invasive species at a barrier to dispersal. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
26
|
A Panax quinquefolius-Based Preparation Prevents the Impact of 5-FU on Activity/Exploration Behaviors and Not on Cognitive Functions Mitigating Gut Microbiota and Inflammation in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184403. [PMID: 36139563 PMCID: PMC9496716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and fatigue worsen the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients. Multicenter studies have shown that Panax quinquefolius and vitamin C, respectively, were effective in reducing the symptoms of fatigue in treated cancer patients. We developed a behavioral C57Bl/6j mouse model to study the impact of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy on activity/fatigue, emotional reactivity and cognitive functions. We used this model to evaluate the potentially beneficial role of a Panax quinquefolius-based solution containing vitamin C (Qiseng®) or vitamin C alone in these chemotherapy side effects. We established that Qiseng® prevents the reduction in activity/exploration and symptoms of fatigue induced by 5-FU and dampens chemotherapy-induced intestinal dysbiosis and systemic inflammation. We further showed that Qiseng® decreases macrophage infiltration in the intestinal compartment, thus preventing, at least in part, the systemic elevation of IL-6 and MCP-1 and further reducing the neuroinflammation likely responsible for the fatigue induced by chemotherapy, a major advance toward improving the QoL of patients. Abstract Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) and fatigue constitute common complaints among cancer patient survivors. Panax quinquefolius has been shown to be effective against fatigue in treated cancer patients. We developed a behavioral C57Bl/6j mouse model to study the role of a Panax quinquefolius-based solution containing vitamin C (Qiseng®) or vitamin C alone in activity/fatigue, emotional reactivity and cognitive functions impacted by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. 5-FU significantly reduces the locomotor/exploration activity potentially associated with fatigue, evokes spatial cognitive impairments and leads to a decreased neurogenesis within the hippocampus (Hp). Qiseng® fully prevents the impact of chemotherapy on activity/fatigue and on neurogenesis, specifically in the ventral Hp. We observed that the chemotherapy treatment induces intestinal damage and inflammation associated with increased levels of Lactobacilli in mouse gut microbiota and increased expression of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and MCP-1. We demonstrated that Qiseng® prevents the 5-FU-induced increase in Lactobacilli levels and further compensates the 5-FU-induced cytokine release. Concomitantly, in the brains of 5-FU-treated mice, Qiseng® partially attenuates the IL-6 receptor gp130 expression associated with a decreased proliferation of neural stem cells in the Hp. In conclusion, Qiseng® prevents the symptoms of fatigue, reduced chemotherapy-induced neuroinflammation and altered neurogenesis, while regulating the mouse gut microbiota composition, thus protecting against intestinal and systemic inflammation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Beukeboom R, Morel A, Phillips JS, Ólafsdóttir GÁ, Benhaïm D. Activity vs exploration: Locomotion in a known and unknown environment differs in Atlantic cod juveniles (Gadus morhua). Behav Processes 2022; 202:104736. [PMID: 36028060 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Individuals within a population often behave differently and these differences can be consistent over time and/or context, also termed "animal personality". Animal personality has been commonly classified into five axes with studies aiming to validate these axes. One subject that has surprisingly not received full attention yet is the difference between the two personality axes "activity" and "exploration-avoidance", i.e. behaviour in a known vs an unknown environment. Despite this clear difference in definition, many studies measure activity in an unknown environment and term it activity, while underlying motivations between the two environments are different. This study aimed to detect the two personality traits "activity" and "exploration" in Atlantic cod juveniles, and to investigate whether they support the distinctive definitions proposed by previous authors. This study showed significant consistency in locomotion variation in both environments, i.e. personality. In addition, the two environments clearly elicited different behaviours; Atlantic cod juvenile behaviour was more repeatable and they moved more in the known vs the unknown environment, and no correlation of the proportional locomotion between the two was found. This demonstrates that locomotion in both environments, i.e. the personality axes "activity" and "exploration", should not be confused nor treated as if they reflect the same personality trait.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Beukeboom
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Bolungarvik, Iceland; Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland.
| | - Antoine Morel
- University of Iceland, Research Centre of the Westfjords, Bolungarvik, Iceland
| | - Joseph S Phillips
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
| | | | - David Benhaïm
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Biology, Hólar University, Saudárkrókur, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Perez G. Role of bank vole (Myodes glareolus) personality on tick burden (Ixodes spp.). Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2022; 69. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2022.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
29
|
Jayarathne HSM, Debarba LK, Jaboro JJ, Ginsburg BC, Miller RA, Sadagurski M. Neuroprotective effects of Canagliflozin: Lessons from aged genetically diverse UM-HET3 mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13653. [PMID: 35707855 PMCID: PMC9282842 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging brain is characterized by progressive increases in neuroinflammation and central insulin resistance, which contribute to neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive impairment. Recently, the Interventions Testing Program demonstrated that the anti-diabetes drug, Canagliflozin (Cana), a sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, but extended median lifespan by 14% in male mice only. Here, we show that Cana treatment significantly improved central insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus of 30-month-old male mice. Aged males produce more robust neuroimmune responses than aged females. Remarkably, Cana-treated male and female mice showed significant reductions in age-associated hypothalamic gliosis with a decrease in inflammatory cytokine production by microglia. However, in the hippocampus, Cana reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis in males, but not in female mice. The decrease in microgliosis was partially correlated with reduced phosphorylation of S6 kinase in microglia of Cana-treated aged male, but not female mice. Thus, Cana treatment improved insulin responsiveness in aged male mice. Furthermore, Cana treatment improved exploratory and locomotor activity of 30-month-old male but not female mice. Taken together, we demonstrate the sex-specific neuroprotective effects of Cana treatment, suggesting its application for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashan S. M. Jayarathne
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Lucas K. Debarba
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Jacob J. Jaboro
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Brett C. Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Marianna Sadagurski
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBio (Integrative Biosciences Center)Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rudolfová V, Petrásek T, Antošová E, Frynta D, Landová E, Valeš K, Nekovářová T. Inter-individual differences in laboratory rats as revealed by three behavioural tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9361. [PMID: 35672428 PMCID: PMC9174278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13288-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable inter-individual differences in behaviour and personality have been studied for several decades now. The aim of this study was to test the repeatability of behaviour of the Long Evans strain of laboratory rats in order to assess their inter-individual differences. Male laboratory rats (n = 36) were tested in a series of tasks (Open field test, Elevated plus maze test, and modified T-maze test) repeated over time to assess their personality traits. To evaluate the temporal stability of the behaviour, we calculated repeatability estimates of the examined traits. We also checked for a link in behavioural traits across these experiments, which would suggest the existence of a behavioural syndrome. We found stable inter-individual differences in behaviour. Interestingly, no link emerged between the tasks we studied and therefore we did not find support for a behavioural syndrome. The lack of behavioural correlations between these experiments suggests that the results derived from these tasks should be interpreted carefully, as these experiments may measure various behavioural axes. Moreover, the animals habituate to the apparatus. Consequently, behaviour in the Open field test and Elevated plus maze test is not fully consistent and repeatable across subsequent trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Rudolfová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Petrásek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Antošová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Frynta
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Landová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Valeš
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Nekovářová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
- Department of Ethology and Companion Animal Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Martinig A, Karst H, Siracusa E, Studd E, McAdam A, Dantzer B, Delaney D, Lane J, Pokharel P, Boutin S. Animal personality: a comparison of standardized assays and focal observations in North American red squirrels. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Diquelou MC, Griffin AS. Does trapping catch sociable, exploratory and innovative mynas preferentially? No, but perhaps less fearful ones. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
33
|
Ayaz M, Anwar F, Saleem U, Shahzadi I, Ahmad B, Mir A, Ismail T. Parkinsonism Attenuation by Antihistamines via Downregulating the Oxidative Stress, Histamine, and Inflammation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:14772-14783. [PMID: 35557705 PMCID: PMC9088957 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the motor activity of the brain, regulated by dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra, resulting in an increased density of histaminergic fibers. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of H1 antagonist's ebastine and levocetirizine in PD per se and in combination. Animals were divided into 9 groups (n = 10). Group 1 received carboxymethyl cellulose CMC (1 mL/kg). Group II was treated with haloperidol (1 mg/kg) (diseased group). Group III was treated with levodopa/carbidopa (levo 20 mg/kg). Groups IV and V were treated with ebastine at dose levels of 2 and 4 mg/kg, respectively. Groups VI and VII were treated with levocetirizine at dose levels of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VIII was treated with ebastine (4 mg/kg) + levo (20 mg/kg) in combination. Group IX was treated with levocetirizine (1 mg/kg) + levo (20 mg/kg). PD was induced with haloperidol (1 mg/kg iv, once daily for 23 days) for a duration of 30 min. Behavioral tests like rotarod, block and triple horizontal bars, actophotometer, and open field were performed. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress, i.e., SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, dopamine, serotonin, and nor-adrenaline and nitrite, were determined. Histamine, mRNA expression of α-synuclein, and TNF-α level in the serum and brain of mice were analyzed. Endogenous biochemical markers were increased except mRNA expression of α-synuclein, which was reduced. In combination therapy with the standard drug, ebastine (4 mg/kg) significantly improved the cataleptic state and dopamine levels, but no significant difference in the renal and liver functioning tests was observed. This study concluded that ebastine (4 mg/kg) might work in the treatment of PD as it improves the cataleptic state in haloperidol-induced catalepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira Ayaz
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- . Tel: +92-3338883251
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College
University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department
of Biotechnology, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Mir
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department
of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
Bednarz PA, Zwolak R. Body mass and sex, but not breeding condition and season, influence open-field exploration in the yellow-necked mouse. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8771. [PMID: 35356564 PMCID: PMC8958246 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that risk taking should be influenced by external (e.g., season) and internal (e.g., breeding condition, sex, and body mass) conditions. We investigated whether these factors are associated with a potentially risky behavior: exploration of a novel environment. We conducted repeated open-field tests of exploration in a common forest rodent, the yellow-necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis. Contrary to expectations, the exploration did not vary with the season (spring vs. fall) or the reproductive status of the tested animals. Also unexpectedly, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between body mass and exploration: animals with intermediate body mass tended to have the highest exploration tendencies. Males were more exploratory than females. Finally, even after adjusting for the effects of body mass and sex, individuals exhibited consistent, repeatable differences in exploration tendencies ("behavioral types" or "personalities"). The discrepancies between certain broad generalizations and our results suggest that risk taking depends on details of species-specific biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Bednarz
- Department of Systematic ZoologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| | - Rafał Zwolak
- Department of Systematic ZoologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoznańPoland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Houslay TM, Earley RL, White SJ, Lammers W, Grimmer AJ, Travers LM, Johnson EL, Young AJ, Wilson A. Genetic integration of behavioural and endocrine components of the stress response. eLife 2022; 11:67126. [PMID: 35144728 PMCID: PMC8837200 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate stress response comprises a suite of behavioural and physiological traits that must be functionally integrated to ensure organisms cope adaptively with acute stressors. Natural selection should favour functional integration, leading to a prediction of genetic integration of these traits. Despite the implications of such genetic integration for our understanding of human and animal health, as well as evolutionary responses to natural and anthropogenic stressors, formal quantitative genetic tests of this prediction are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that acute stress response components in Trinidadian guppies are both heritable and integrated on the major axis of genetic covariation. This integration could either facilitate or constrain evolutionary responses to selection, depending upon the alignment of selection with this axis. Such integration also suggests artificial selection on the genetically correlated behavioural responses to stress could offer a viable non-invasive route to the improvement of health and welfare in captive animal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Houslay
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan L Earley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, United States
| | - Stephen J White
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Lammers
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Grimmer
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Travers
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, United States
| | - Andrew J Young
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Wilson
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter (Penryn Campus), Penryn, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Woodrum Setser MM, Neave HW, Vanzant E, Costa JHC. Development and Utilization of an Isolation Box Test to Characterize Personality Traits of Dairy Calves. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.770755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of an isolation box test (IBT) to characterize personality traits has been used in non-bovine species with success. We aimed to develop an IBT for dairy calves and determine if the behavioral responses to an IBT were associated with personality traits found from traditional tests (novel person, novel object, and a startle tests) and average daily gain (ADG; Kg/d) through weaning. Calf movement while in the IBT was measured via accelerometers attached to 5 locations on the exterior of the box. A total movement index (TMI) was calculated based on accelerometer readings during the IBT. We performed a principal component analysis on the traditional tests and identified 3 influential factors that we labeled as “fearful,” “bold,” and “active.” Calves were weighed biweekly to track liveweight ADG. Factor scores and ADG were regressed against TMI. A significant negative association was found between the TMI and the factor “active,” indicating the validity of IBT as a tool for assessing some personality traits of dairy calves. Furthermore, TMI had a positive association with ADG through the entire experimental period and thus has potential to help predict performance through weaning. IBT has potential to be used as a personality test in research scenarios. Further development is needed to produce an IBT that would be appropriate to measure animals' responses reliably in production settings. An automated test that can accommodate a wide range of ages and developing a computer learning model to interpret output from the IBT would be a possible option to do so.
Collapse
|
39
|
Whalin L, Neave HW, Føske Johnsen J, Mejdell CM, Ellingsen-Dalskau K. The influence of personality and weaning method on early feeding behavior and growth of Norwegian Red calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1369-1386. [PMID: 34955245 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some research has described a relationship between personality and feeding behavior at weaning in Holstein dairy calves; our objective was to determine if personality traits, especially sociability, are associated with differences in feeding behavior and growth in Norwegian Red calves. Our secondary objective was to assess the interaction between personality traits and gradual weaning method (by age or by concentrate intake) on the behavior and growth of calves. Twenty-seven Norwegian Red calves were housed in 7 groups of 3 to 5 calves, with group composition based on birthdate to ensure that there were no more than 21 d between the youngest and oldest calves. Calves had access to an automated milk and concentrate feeder with ad libitum access to concentrates, water, hay, and silage. Calves were semi-randomly assigned to be either gradually weaned by age at d 56, or weaned by intake, where weaning was initiated based on reaching specific concentrate intake targets. We measured milk intake, concentrate intake, and the number of unrewarded visits to the automated feeder during each of 5 experimental periods: preweaning (12 L/d; 10-30 d of age), weaning (milk allowance gradually reduced by method until completely weaned), weaning week (3 d before weaning and the first 7 d of 0 L/d milk allowance), postweaning (20 d after complete milk removal), and the total experimental period (10-20 d postweaning). At 21 and 80 d of age, individual behavioral responses toward novelty and isolation (indicative of personality) were recorded in 3 personality tests: novel environment, novel object, and a social motivation test (time taken to return the group). At 83 d of age, a group novel object test was conducted. Principal component analysis revealed 3 factors interpreted as personality traits (playful/exploratory, vocal/active, interactive in group test) that together explained 56% of the variance. Calves that were more playful/exploratory consumed more milk per day preweaning and more concentrate per day over the experimental period. Calves that were more vocal/active (interpreted as a type of sociability trait where vocalizations and pacing serve to communicate with conspecifics when isolated from herd) had lower preweaning milk intakes and lower concentrate intakes over the experimental period. Calves that were more interactive in the group test (interpreted as a type of sociability trait when with other herd mates) had lower preweaning and weaning concentrate intakes. There was no interaction between personality traits and weaning method on feeding behavior or performance outcomes; however, calves that were weaned by intake (successfully reached all concentrate targets) had higher average daily gains postweaning, likely due to consuming more concentrate per day over the entire experiment, than calves who failed to reach all targets, or were weaned by age. We concluded that the sociability traits of Norwegian Red calves were related to individual differences in milk and concentrate intake. Although the relationship between personality and feeding behavior and growth did not depend on weaning method, gradual weaning based on individual concentrate intakes provides an opportunity for calves to wean at a pace that fits the needs of each individual calf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Whalin
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Heather W Neave
- Animal Behaviour and Welfare Team, AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, 3214 Hamilton, New Zealand; Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brehm AM, Mortelliti A. Land-use change alters associations between personality and microhabitat selection. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02443. [PMID: 34455633 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ecologists commonly assess ecological patterns at the population level, focusing on the average response of all individuals within a population, but to predict how populations will respond to land-use change we must understand how changes to habitat differentially affect individuals within a population. For example, forest management is a widespread type of land-use that impacts wildlife through the loss of key habitat features, but individuals within a population may vary in their responses to this loss due to differences in habitat selection among individuals. Specifically, intraspecific variation in habitat selection has been linked to animal personalities (i.e., consistent behavioral differences among conspecifics), but previous research has not examined whether the relationship between personality and habitat selection is influenced by land-use change. To address this knowledge gap, we tested the hypothesis that land-use change alters the association between personality and microhabitat selection in small mammals. Specifically, we investigated two main questions: (1) To what extent are personality type and microhabitat selection correlated among conspecifics? (2) Does land-use change alter individual patterns of microhabitat selection? To answer these questions, we conducted a large-scale field experiment over 4 years, contrasting unmanaged forest (control) with managed forest (two silvicultural treatments) in Maine, USA. We examined the relationships between habitat selection and personality traits in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi). We found that personality traits were correlated with microhabitat selection at multiple spatial scales. Furthermore, land-use change altered these patterns of selection; resulting in either the loss of personality-associated selection or in novel patterns of selection in managed forests. These findings suggest that promoting structural complexity at multiple spatial scales, such as by interspersing stands of mature forest with managed stands, may maintain a variety of intraspecific habitat selection patterns and the associated ecological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Brehm
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| | - Alessio Mortelliti
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gangloff EJ, Leos-Barajas V, Demuth G, Zhang H, Kelly CD, Bronikowski AM. Movement modeling and patterns of within- and among-individual behavioral variation across time scales in neonate garter snakes (Thamnophis elegans). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
42
|
Shafaghi A, Vakili Shahrbabaki SS, Aminzadeh A, Heidari MR, Shamsi Meymandi M, Bashiri H. The effect of early handling on anxiety-like behaviors of rats exposed to valproic acid pre-and post-natally. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 89:107050. [PMID: 34801733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, behaviorally defined disorder of the immature brain as a result of genetic and environmental risk factors, such as prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA). This syndrome is known for its high prevalence. On the other hand, postnatal manipulations have been shown to affect brain development, cortical neuroscience, and pituitary-adrenal activity. In early handling (EH) procedure, pups are removed from their mother on a daily basis from birth to lactation, are physically touched, and exposed to the (a) new environment. In the present study, the effect of EH on anxiety-like behaviors in rats exposed pre- and post-natally to valproic acid was investigated. METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly separated into six groups which are prenatal saline, Prenatal VPA, Prenatal VPA + EH and postnatal saline, Postnatal VPA, Postnatal VPA + EH. VPA administration was performed either on ED12.5 (600 mg/kg, i.p.) or PD 2-4 (400 mg/kg, s.c.). In the groups receiving EH, pups underwent physical handling from PD 1 to 21. On postnatal day 21 all offspring were weaned and the behavioral tests were performed on 30 and 31 days of age. Elevated plus maze and open field tests were used to investigate anxiety-like behaviors. RESULTS The results revealed that intraperitoneal injection of valrpoic acid (600 mg.kg) during pregnancy significantly reduced OAT% in males (p < 0.01) and females in a non-significant manner (p > 0.05). In comparison, rearing counts of prenatal VPA groups significantly increased in female sex (p < 0.05) in the EPM test. Following postnatal VPA administration (400 mg/kg), decrease in the time spent in central zone occurred in female rats in the open filed (p < 0.05), as well as a significant increase in the number of grooming of the male sex (p < 0.05). Applying Early Handling to male and female Wistar rats receiving prenatal VPA significantly reversed the OAT% fall (p < 0.05). EH in postnatally VPA exposed animals significantly decreased the OAT% and OAE% criteria, while increasing the locomotor activity of the female sex (p < 0.05). Compared with the postnatal VPA group, no significant change was reported in the EPM performance of postnatal VPA + EH group in neither of sexes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that injections of valproic acid during pregnancy lead to anxiety-like behaviors in male offspring, which EH can improve (attenuate) to some extent. VPA injections on the second to the fourth day of infancy did not have a profound effect on anxiety level. Further behavioral studies need to be performed using other devices to investigate anxiety-like behaviors and to determine the mechanisms involved in these behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Shafaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sajjad Vakili Shahrbabaki
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
- Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Kerman Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran..
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; Sirjan Faculty of Medical Science, Sirjan, Iran..
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Novelty at second glance: a critical appraisal of the novel object paradigm based on meta-analysis. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
44
|
Moore SJ, Nicholson KE. Beneath the Leaf-Litter: Can Salamander Personality Influence Forest-Floor Dynamics? HERPETOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-19-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaundon J.B. Moore
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dhellemmes F, Smukall MJ, Guttridge TL, Krause J, Hussey NE. Predator abundance drives the association between exploratory personality and foraging habitat risk in a wild marine meso‐predator. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félicie Dhellemmes
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
| | - Matthew J. Smukall
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA
| | - Tristan L. Guttridge
- Bimini Biological Field Station Foundation South Bimini Bahamas
- Saving the blue Cooper City FL USA
| | - Jens Krause
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer‐Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Antidepressant-Like Properties of Intrastriatal Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection in a Unilateral 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070505. [PMID: 34357977 PMCID: PMC8310221 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s patients often suffer from depression and anxiety, for which there are no optimal treatments. Hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rats were used to test whether intrastriatal Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) application could also have antidepressant-like properties in addition to the known improvement of motor performance. To quantify depression- and anxiety-like behavior, the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test were applied to hemi-PD rats injected with BoNT-A or vehicle. Furthermore, we correlated the results in the forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test with the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine and amphetamine. Hemi-PD rats did not show significant anxiety-like behavior as compared with Sham 6-OHDA- + Sham BoNT-A-injected as well as with non-injected rats. However, hemi-PD rats demonstrated increased depression-like behaviors compared with Sham- or non-injected rats; this was seen by increased struggling frequency and increased immobility frequency. Hemi-PD rats intrastriatally injected with BoNT-A exhibited reduced depression-like behavior compared with the respective vehicle-receiving hemi-PD animals. The significant effects of intrastriatally applied BoNT-A seen in the forced swim test are reminiscent of those found after various antidepressant drug therapies. Our data correspond with the efficacy of BoNT-A treatment of glabellar frown lines in treating patients with major depression and suggest that also intrastriatal injected BoNT-A may have some antidepressant-like effect on hemi-PD.
Collapse
|
47
|
Westrick SE, van Kesteren F, Boutin S, Lane JE, McAdam AG, Dantzer B. Maternal glucocorticoids have minimal effects on HPA axis activity and behavior of juvenile wild North American red squirrels. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.236620. [PMID: 33795416 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As a response to environmental cues, maternal glucocorticoids (GCs) may trigger adaptive developmental plasticity in the physiology and behavior of offspring. In North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), mothers exhibit increased GCs when conspecific density is elevated, and selection favors more aggressive and perhaps more active mothers under these conditions. We tested the hypothesis that elevated maternal GCs cause shifts in offspring behavior that may prepare them for high-density conditions. We experimentally elevated maternal GCs during gestation or early lactation. We measured two behavioral traits (activity and aggression) in weaned offspring using standardized behavioral assays. Because maternal GCs may influence offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dynamics, which may in turn affect behavior, we also measured the impact of our treatments on offspring HPA axis dynamics (adrenal reactivity and negative feedback), and the association between offspring HPA axis dynamics and behavior. Increased maternal GCs during lactation, but not gestation, slightly elevated activity levels in offspring. Offspring aggression and adrenal reactivity did not differ between treatment groups. Male, but not female, offspring from mothers treated with GCs during pregnancy exhibited stronger negative feedback compared with those from control mothers, but there were no differences in negative feedback between lactation treatment groups. Offspring with higher adrenal reactivity from mothers treated during pregnancy (both controls and GC-treated) exhibited lower aggression and activity. These results suggest that maternal GCs during gestation or early lactation alone may not be a sufficient cue to produce substantial changes in behavioral and physiological stress responses in offspring in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Westrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-1043, USA
| | - Freya van Kesteren
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-1043, USA
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2E9
| | - Jeffrey E Lane
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Andrew G McAdam
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | - Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109-1043, USA.,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1085, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sreelatha LB, Carretero MA, Pérez I De Lanuza G, Klomp DA, Boratyński Z. Do colour morphs of wall lizards express different personalities? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colour morphs sometimes have different behavioural strategies which may be maintained by frequency or density dependence mechanisms. We investigated temporal changes in behavioural reaction to a novel environment among colour morphs (yellow, orange, white) of the European wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). Adult males were given two 15 min experimental trials, and their locomotion was highly consistent between the two trials. Boldness, freezing and escape behaviour were less repeatable. Colour morphs differed in their locomotion and freezing behaviour. Boldness was similar among the morphs, whereas escape behaviour was lowest in yellow morph. Consequently, yellow morph males tended to explore novel environments quickly and thus were more likely to move to potentially safe areas. Orange and white males showed more fear when exposed to a novel environment. Whether such alternative behavioural strategies can contribute to the maintenance of variable fitness optima among the morphs and ultimately to the maintenance of polymorphism remains open to further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi B Sreelatha
- CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Angel Carretero
- CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Guillem Pérez I De Lanuza
- CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46071 València, Spain
| | - Danielle A Klomp
- CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Zbyszek Boratyński
- CIBIO-InBIO Associate Laboratory, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485–661 Vairão, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zablocki-Thomas PB, Boulinguez-Ambroise G, Pacou C, Mézier J, Herrel A, Aujard F, Pouydebat E. Exploring the behavioral reactions to a mirror in the nocturnal grey mouse lemur: sex differences in avoidance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11393. [PMID: 34035991 PMCID: PMC8126259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most mirror-image stimulation studies (MIS) have been conducted on social and diurnal animals in order to explore self-recognition, social responses, and personality traits. Small, nocturnal mammals are difficult to study in the wild and are under-represented in experimental behavioral studies. In this pilot study, we explored the behavioral reaction of a small nocturnal solitary forager-the grey mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus)-an emergent animal model in captivity. We assessed whether MIS can be used to detect a repeatable behavioral reaction, whether individuals will present a similar reaction toward a conspecific and the mirror, and whether males and females respond similarly. We tested 12 individuals (six males and six females) twice in three different contexts: with a mirror, with a live conspecific, and with a white board as a neutral control. We detected significant repeatability for the activity component of the behavioral reaction. There was a significant effect of the context and the interaction between presentation context and sex for avoidance during the first session for males but not for females. Males avoided the mirror more than they avoided a live conspecific. This pilot study opens a discussion on the behavioral differences between males and females regarding social interactions and reproduction in the nocturnal solitary species, and suggests that males are more sensitive to context of stimulation than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline B. Zablocki-Thomas
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Camille Pacou
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Justine Mézier
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Aujard
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Pouydebat
- Département d’Écologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Manrique LP, Bánszegi O, Hudson R, Szenczi P. Repeatable individual differences in behaviour and physiology in juvenile horses from an early age. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|