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Inaudi P, Mercurio LM, Marchis D, Bosusco A, Malandrino M, Abollino O, Favilli L, Bertinetti S, Giacomino A. Inorganic Characterization of Feeds Based on Processed Animal Protein Feeds. Molecules 2024; 29:3845. [PMID: 39202924 PMCID: PMC11356946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential of utilizing inorganic constituents in processed animal proteins (PAPs) for species identification in animal feeds was investigated, with the aim of using these constituents to ensure the quality and authenticity of the products. This study aimed to quantify the inorganic content across various PAP species and assess whether inorganic analysis could effectively differentiate between PAP species, ultimately aiding in the identification of PAP fractions in animal feeds. Four types of PAPs, namely bovine, swine, poultry, and fish-based, were analyzed and compared to others made up of feathers of vegetal-based feed. Also, three insect-based PAPs (Cricket, Silkworm, Flour Moth) were considered in this study to evaluate the differences in terms of the nutrients present in this type of feed. Ionic chromatography (IC) was used to reveal the concentrations of NO3-, NO2, Cl-, and SO42-, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to detect Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Si, Sr, Ti, and Zn. The application of multivariate chemometric techniques to the experimental results allowed us to determine the identification capability of the inorganic composition to identify correlations among the variables and to reveal similarities and differences among the different species. The results show the possibility of using this component for discriminating between different PAPS; in particular, fish PAPs are high in Cd, Sr, Na, and Mg content; swine PAPs have lower metal content due to high fat; feathers and vegetal feed have similar Al, Si, and Ni, but feathers are higher in Fe and Zn; and insect PATs have nutrient levels comparable to PAPs of other origins but are very high in Zn, Cu, and K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Inaudi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Luca Maria Mercurio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.M.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniela Marchis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), 10100 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Bosusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), 10100 Torino, Italy; (D.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.M.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Favilli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (L.F.)
| | - Stefano Bertinetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.M.M.); (M.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (O.A.); (L.F.)
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Sohn SI, Pandian S, Oh YJ, Zaukuu JLZ, Kang HJ, Ryu TH, Cho WS, Cho YS, Shin EK, Cho BK. An Overview of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Its Applications in the Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189940. [PMID: 34576101 PMCID: PMC8469702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has become a more popular approach for quantitative and qualitative analysis of feeds, foods and medicine in conjunction with an arsenal of chemometric tools. This was the foundation for the increased importance of NIRS in other fields, like genetics and transgenic monitoring. A considerable number of studies have utilized NIRS for the effective identification and discrimination of plants and foods, especially for the identification of genetically modified crops. Few previous reviews have elaborated on the applications of NIRS in agriculture and food, but there is no comprehensive review that compares the use of NIRS in the detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This is particularly important because, in comparison to previous technologies such as PCR and ELISA, NIRS offers several advantages, such as speed (eliminating time-consuming procedures), non-destructive/non-invasive analysis, and is inexpensive in terms of cost and maintenance. More importantly, this technique has the potential to measure multiple quality components in GMOs with reliable accuracy. In this review, we brief about the fundamentals and versatile applications of NIRS for the effective identification of GMOs in the agricultural and food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-I.S.); (B.-K.C.)
| | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Young-Ju Oh
- Institute for Future Environmental Ecology Co., Ltd., Jeonju 54883, Korea;
| | - John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
- Department of Measurements and Process Control, Szent István University, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Hyeon-Jung Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Tae-Hun Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Woo-Suk Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Youn-Sung Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (S.P.); (H.-J.K.); (T.-H.R.); (W.-S.C.); (Y.-S.C.); (E.-K.S.)
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-I.S.); (B.-K.C.)
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Lecrenier MC, Veys P, Fumière O, Berben G, Saegerman C, Baeten V. Official Feed Control Linked to the Detection of Animal Byproducts: Past, Present, and Future. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8093-8103. [PMID: 32614586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the expansion of the human population, availability of food, and in extension of animal feed, is a big issue. Favoring a circular economy by the valorization of byproducts is a sustainable way to be more efficient. Animal byproducts are an interesting source of feed materials due to their richness in proteins of high nutritional value. Prevention and control efforts have allowed a gradual lifting of the feed ban regarding the use of animal byproducts. Nevertheless, the challenge remains the development of analytical methods enabling a distinction between authorized and unauthorized feed materials. This Review focuses on the historical and epidemiological context of the official control, the evaluation of current and foreseen legislation, and the available methods of analysis for the detection of constituents of animal origin in feedingstuffs. It also underlines the analytical limitations of the approach and discusses some prospects of novel methods to ensure food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Caroline Lecrenier
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), University of Liège (ULiège), Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal Veys
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Olivier Fumière
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Berben
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Claude Saegerman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal and Health (FARAH) Center, Research Unit of Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), University of Liège (ULiège), Boulevard de Colonster 20 B42, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent Baeten
- Knowledge and Valorization of Agricultural Products Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre (CRA-W), Chaussée de Namur 24, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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van Raamsdonk LWD, Prins TW, Meijer N, Scholtens IMJ, Bremer MGEG, de Jong J. Bridging legal requirements and analytical methods: a review of monitoring opportunities of animal proteins in feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:46-73. [PMID: 30608892 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1543956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Availability and safety of food ranks among the basic requirements for human beings. The importance of the food producing sector, inclusive of feed manufacturing, demands a high level of regulation and control. This paper will present and discuss the relationships in the triangle of legislation, the background of hazards with a biological nature, and opportunities for monitoring methods, most notable for prion-based diseases as primary issue. The European Union legislation for prevention of prion-based diseases since 2000 is presented and discussed. The definitions and circumscriptions of groups of species will be analysed in the view biological classification and evolutionary relationships. The state of the art of monitoring methods is presented and discussed. Methods based on visual markers (microscopy), DNA-based methods (PCR), protein-based methods (ELISA, mass spectroscopy, proteomics), near infrared oriented methods and combinations thereof are being evaluated. It is argued that the use in legislation of non-homogeneous groups of species in a biological sense will hamper the optimal design of monitoring methods. Proper definitions are considered to act as bridges between legal demands and suitable analytical methods for effective monitoring. Definitions including specified groups of species instead of single species are more effective for monitoring in a range of cases. Besides the desire of precise circumscription of animal groups targeted by legislation, processed products need well defined definitions as well. Most notable examples are blood versus blood products, and hydrolysis of several types of material. The WISE principle for harmonising the design of legislation and of analytical methods is discussed. This principle includes the elements Witful (reasonable legal principles), Indicative (clear limits between prohibition and authorisation), Societal demands (public health, environment, economy), and Enforceable (presence of suited monitoring methods) in order to promote a balanced effort for reaching the desired level of safety in the food production chain.
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5
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Detection of insect’s meal in compound feed by Near Infrared spectral imaging. Food Chem 2018; 267:240-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Species identification and animal authentication in meat products: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Mandrile L, Amato G, Marchis D, Martra G, Rossi AM. Species-specific detection of processed animal proteins in feed by Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2017; 229:268-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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van Raamsdonk LWD, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, de Jong J. New feed ingredients: the insect opportunity. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1384-1397. [PMID: 28393682 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1306883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of sustainability and a circular economy, new ingredients for feed are desired and, to this end, initiatives for implementing such novel ingredients have been started. The initiatives include a range of different sources, of which insects are of particular interest. Within the European Union, generally, a new feed ingredient should comply with legal constraints in terms of 'yes, provided that' its safety commits to a range of legal limits for heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, contaminants, pathogens etc. In the case of animal proteins, however, a second legal framework applies which is based on the principle 'no, unless'. This legislation for eradicating transmissible spongiform encephalopathy consists of prohibitions with a set of derogations applying to specific situations. Insects are currently considered animal proteins. The use of insect proteins is a good case to illustrate this difference between a positive, although restricted, modus and a negative modus for allowing animal proteins. This overview presents aspects in the areas of legislation, feed safety, environmental issues, efficiency and detection of the identity of insects. Use of insects as an extra step in the feed production chain costs extra energy and this results in a higher footprint. A measure for energy conversion should be used to facilitate the comparison between production systems based on cold- versus warm-blooded animals. Added value can be found by applying new commodities for rearing, including but not limited to category 2 animal by-products, catering and household waste including meat, and manure. Furthermore, monitoring of a correct use of insects is one possible approach for label control, traceability and prevention of fraud. The link between legislation and enforcement is strong. A principle called WISE (Witful, Indicative, Societal demands, Enforceable) is launched for governing the relationship between the above-mentioned aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J de Jong
- a RIKILT Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen , the Netherlands
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9
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Huet AC, Charlier C, Deckers E, Marbaix H, Raes M, Mauro S, Delahaut P, Gillard N. Peptidomic Approach to Developing ELISAs for the Determination of Bovine and Porcine Processed Animal Proteins in Feed for Farmed Animals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9099-9106. [PMID: 27933867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The European Commission (EC) wants to reintroduce nonruminant processed animal proteins (PAPs) safely into the feed chain. This would involve replacing the current ban in feed with a species-to-species ban which, in the case of nonruminants, would only prohibit feeding them with proteins from the same species. To enforce such a provision, there is an urgent need for species-specific methods for detecting PAPs from several species in animal feed and in PAPs from other species. Currently, optical microscopy and the polymerase chain reaction are the officially accepted methods, but they have limitations, and alternative methods are needed. We have developed immunoassays using antibodies raised against targets which are not influenced by high temperature and pressure. These targets were identified in a previous study based on an experimental approach. One optimized competitive ELISA detects bovine PAPs at 2% in plant-derived feed. The detection capability demonstrated on blind samples shows a good correlation with mass spectrometry results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Huet
- CER Groupe, Health Department, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - Caroline Charlier
- CER Groupe, Health Department, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - Elise Deckers
- CER Groupe, Health Department, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - Hélène Marbaix
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- URBC-Narilis, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Sergio Mauro
- CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center, Biotechnology Department, Chaussée de Charleroi 234, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delahaut
- CER Groupe, Health Department, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gillard
- CER Groupe, Health Department, Rue du Point du Jour 8, 6900 Marloie, Belgium
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Pinotti L, Ottoboni M, Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Gottardo D, Cheli F, Fearn T, Baldi A. Microscopy in combination with image analysis for characterization of fishmeal material in aquafeed. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Buckley M. Species Identification of Bovine, Ovine and Porcine Type 1 Collagen; Comparing Peptide Mass Fingerprinting and LC-Based Proteomics Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:445. [PMID: 27023524 PMCID: PMC4848901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is one of the most ubiquitous proteins in the animal kingdom and the dominant protein in extracellular tissues such as bone, skin and other connective tissues in which it acts primarily as a supporting scaffold. It has been widely investigated scientifically, not only as a biomedical material for regenerative medicine, but also for its role as a food source for both humans and livestock. Due to the long-term stability of collagen, as well as its abundance in bone, it has been proposed as a source of biomarkers for species identification not only for heat- and pressure-rendered animal feed but also in ancient archaeological and palaeontological specimens, typically carried out by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) as well as in-depth liquid chromatography (LC)-based tandem mass spectrometric methods. Through the analysis of the three most common domesticates species, cow, sheep, and pig, this research investigates the advantages of each approach over the other, investigating sites of sequence variation with known functional properties of the collagen molecule. Results indicate that the previously identified species biomarkers through PMF analysis are not among the most variable type 1 collagen peptides present in these tissues, the latter of which can be detected by LC-based methods. However, it is clear that the highly repetitive sequence motif of collagen throughout the molecule, combined with the variability of the sites and relative abundance levels of hydroxylation, can result in high scoring false positive peptide matches using these LC-based methods. Additionally, the greater alpha 2(I) chain sequence variation, in comparison to the alpha 1(I) chain, did not appear to be specific to any particular functional properties, implying that intra-chain functional constraints on sequence variation are not as great as inter-chain constraints. However, although some of the most variable peptides were only observed in LC-based methods, until the range of publicly available collagen sequences improves, the simplicity of the PMF approach and suitable range of peptide sequence variation observed makes it the ideal method for initial taxonomic identification prior to further analysis by LC-based methods only when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Buckley
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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12
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Marbaix H, Budinger D, Dieu M, Fumière O, Gillard N, Delahaut P, Mauro S, Raes M. Identification of Proteins and Peptide Biomarkers for Detecting Banned Processed Animal Proteins (PAPs) in Meat and Bone Meal by Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2405-2414. [PMID: 26943838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom in 1986, with processed animal proteins (PAPs) as the main vector of the disease, has led to their prohibition in feed. The progressive release of the feed ban required the development of new analytical methods to determine the exact origin of PAPs from meat and bone meal. We set up a promising MS-based method to determine the species and the source (legal or not) present in PAPs: a TCA-acetone protein extraction followed by a cleanup step, an in-solution tryptic digestion of 5 h (with a 1:20 protein/trypsin ratio), and mass spectrometry analyses, first without any a priori, with a Q-TOF, followed by a targeted triple-quadrupole analysis. Using this procedure, we were able to overcome some of the major limitations of the official methods to analyze PAPs, detecting and identifying prohibited animal products in feedstuffs by the monitoring of peptides specific for cows, pigs, and sheep in PAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marbaix
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- Biotechnology Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Budinger
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marc Dieu
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
- MaSUN, Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Namur , 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Olivier Fumière
- Valorisation of Agricultural Products Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sergio Mauro
- Biotechnology Department, CRA-W, Walloon Agricultural Research Center , 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Martine Raes
- URBC-NARILIS, University of Namur , Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, González I, García T, Martín R. Duplex real-time PCR using TaqMan® for the detection of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and poppy (Papaver rhoeas) in commercial food products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Inter-laboratory validation study of two immunochemical methods for detection of processed ruminant proteins. Food Chem 2015; 185:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, Martín R, González I, García T. Duplex real-time PCR method for the detection of sesame (Sesamum indicum) and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) DNA in processed food products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1772-85. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1079650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Market analysis of food products for detection of allergenic walnut (Juglans regia) and pecan (Carya illinoinensis) by real-time PCR. Food Chem 2015; 177:111-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, González I, García T, Martín R. Development of real-time PCR assays to detect cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and macadamia (Macadamia intergrifolia) residues in market analysis of processed food products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Taschuk R, Marciniuk K, Määttänen P, Madampage C, Hedlin P, Potter A, Lee J, Cashman NR, Griebel PJ, Napper S. Safety, specificity and immunogenicity of a PrP(Sc)-specific prion vaccine based on the YYR disease specific epitope. Prion 2015; 8:51-9. [PMID: 24509522 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are a novel form of infectivity based on the misfolding of a self-protein (PrP(C)) into a pathological, infectious isomer (PrP(Sc)). The current uncontrolled spread of chronic wasting disease in cervids, coupled with the demonstrated zoonotic nature of select livestock prion diseases, highlights the urgent need for disease management tools. While there is proof-of-principle evidence for a prion vaccine, these efforts are complicated by the challenges and risks associated with induction of immune responses to a self-protein. Our priority is to develop a PrP(Sc)-specific prion vaccine based on epitopes that are uniquely exposed upon misfolding. These disease specific epitopes (DSEs) have the potential to enable specific targeting of the pathological species through immunotherapy. Here we review outcomes of the translation of a prion DSE into a PrP(Sc)-specific vaccine based on the criteria of immunogenicity, safety and specificity.
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19
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Survey of undeclared allergenic pistachio (Pistacia vera) in commercial foods by hydrolysis probe real-time PCR. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Identification of proteinaceous binding media for the polychrome terracotta army of Emperor Qin Shihuang by MALDI-TOF-MS. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Ali ME, Razzak MA, Hamid SBA. Multiplex PCR in Species Authentication: Probability and Prospects—A Review. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, Pegels N, González I, Martín R, García T. Sensitive and specific detection of almond (Prunus dulcis) in commercial food products by real-time PCR. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Detection of meat and bone meal in cattle feed and ruminal fluid – Comparison and combining of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, Pegels N, González I, García T, Martín R. High resolution TaqMan real-time PCR approach to detect hazelnut DNA encoding for ITS rDNA in foods. Food Chem 2013; 141:1872-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Pinotti L, Fearn T, Gulalp S, Campagnoli A, Ottoboni M, Baldi A, Cheli F, Savoini G, Dell’Orto V. Computer image analysis: an additional tool for the identification of processed poultry and mammal protein containing bones. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:1745-51. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.821715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Critical Overview on Organic Legislation for Animal Production: Towards Conventionalization of the System? SUSTAINABILITY 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/su5073077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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López-Calleja IM, de la Cruz S, Pegels N, González I, García T, Martín R. Development of a real time PCR assay for detection of allergenic trace amounts of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in processed foods. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Cui HF, Ye ZH, Xu L, Fu XS, Fan CW, Yu XP. Automatic and rapid discrimination of cotton genotypes by near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:793468. [PMID: 22666635 PMCID: PMC3361229 DOI: 10.1155/2012/793468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and pattern recognition methods to rapid and automatic discrimination of the genotypes (parent, transgenic, and parent-transgenic hybrid) of cotton plants. Diffuse reflectance NIR spectra of representative cotton seeds (n = 120) and leaves (n = 123) were measured in the range of 4000-12000 cm(-1). A practical problem when developing classification models is the degradation and even breakdown of models caused by outliers. Considering the high-dimensional nature and uncertainty of potential spectral outliers, robust principal component analysis (rPCA) was applied to each separate sample group to detect and exclude outliers. The influence of different data preprocessing methods on model prediction performance was also investigated. The results demonstrate that rPCA can effectively detect outliers and maintain the efficiency of discriminant analysis. Moreover, the classification accuracy can be significantly improved by second-order derivative and standard normal variate (SNV). The best partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models obtained total classification accuracy of 100% and 97.6% for seeds and leaves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zi-Hong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xian-Shu Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cui-Wen Fan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- *Xiao-Ping Yu:
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29
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Mamani-Linares LW, Gallo C, Alomar D. Identification of cattle, llama and horse meat by near infrared reflectance or transflectance spectroscopy. Meat Sci 2011; 90:378-85. [PMID: 21889854 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) was used to discriminate meat and meat juices from three livestock species. In a first trial, samples of Longissimus lumborum muscle, corresponding to beef (31) llamas (21) and horses (27), were homogenised and their spectra collected in reflectance (NIRSystems 6500 scanning monochromator, in the range of 400-2500 nm). In the second trial, samples of meat juice (same muscle) from the same species (20 beef, 19 llama and 19 horse) were scanned in folded transmission (transflectance). Discriminating models (PLS regression) were developed against "dummy" variables, testing different mathematical treatments of the spectra. Best models indentified the species of almost all samples by their meat (reflectance) or meat juice (transflectance) spectra. A few (three of beef and one of llama, for meat samples; one of beef and one of horse, for juice samples) were classified as uncertain. It is concluded that NIRS is an effective tool to recognise meat and meat juice from beef, llama and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Mamani-Linares
- Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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30
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Pegels N, González I, Martín I, Rojas M, García T, Martín R. Applicability assessment of a real-time PCR assay for the specific detection of bovine, ovine and caprine material in feedstuffs. Food Control 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Pegels N, González I, García T, Martín R. Detection of banned ruminant-derived material in industrial feedstuffs by TaqMan real-time PCR Assay. J Food Prot 2011; 74:1300-8. [PMID: 21819656 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A ruminant-specific real-time PCR system was designed and applied for the detection of processed animal protein from ruminants in industrial feedstuffs. The assay includes a primer pair and a TaqMan probe selectively targeting mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the ruminant group and another primer-probe set based on the eukaryotic nuclear 18S rRNA gene (positive amplification control). Both ruminant and eukaryotic PCR systems generated short PCR amplicons of 79 and 77 bp, respectively. To evaluate the suitability of the real-time PCR assay for the detection of banned by-products of ruminant origin, 126 feed samples subjected to rendering under current European legislation regulations were analyzed. The assay achieved 100% success in classifying the samples as positive or negative in terms of qualitative ruminant composition, with a detection limit of 0.1%. The quantitative ability of the assay is however restricted by variations in the composition and treatment of the feeds, which affect the amount and quality of amplifiable DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Pegels
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Beckett S, Rogers KD, Clement JG. Inter-Species Variation in Bone Mineral Behavior upon Heating*,†. J Forensic Sci 2011; 56:571-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Liu X, Han L, Veys P, Baeten V, Jiang X, Dardenne P. An overview of the legislation and light microscopy for detection of processed animal proteins in feeds. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 74:735-43. [PMID: 20945460 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
From the first cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) among cattle in the United Kingdom in 1986, the route of infection of BSE is generally believed by means of feeds containing low level of processed animal proteins (PAPs). Therefore, many feed bans and alternative and complementary techniques were resulted for the BSE safeguards in the world. Now the feed bans are expected to develop into a "species to species" ban, which requires the corresponding species-specific identification methods. Currently, banned PAPs can be detected by various methods as light microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, near infrared spectroscopy, and near infrared microscopy. Light microscopy as described in the recent Commission Regulation EC/152/2009 is the only official method for the detection and characterization of PAPs in feed in the European Union. It is able to detect the presence of constituents of animal origin in feed at the level of 1 g/kg with hardly any false negative. Nevertheless, light microscopy has the limitation of lack of species specificity. This article presents a review of legislations on the use of PAPs in feedstuff, the detection details of animal proteins by light microscopy, and also presents and discusses the analysis procedure and expected development of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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34
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Pavino D, Squadrone S, Cocchi M, Martra G, Marchis D, Abete M. Towards a routine application of vibrational spectroscopy to the detection of bone fragments in feedingstuffs: Use and validation of a NIR scanning microscopy method. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Alishahi A, Farahmand H, Prieto N, Cozzolino D. Identification of transgenic foods using NIR spectroscopy: a review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 75:1-7. [PMID: 19914124 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of chemometric methods in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of feeds, foods, medicine and so on has been accompanied with the great evolution in the progress and in the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Hence, recently the application of NIR spectroscopy has extended on the context of genetics and transgenic products. The aim of this review was to investigate the application of NIR spectroscopy to identificate transgenic products and to compare it with the traditional methods. The results of copious researches showed that the application of NIRS technology was successful to distinguish transgenic foods and it has advantages such as fast, avoiding time-consuming, non-destructive and low cost in relation to the antecedent methods such as PCR and ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alishahi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Fernández-Ibáñez V, Fearn T, Montañés E, Quevedo JR, Soldado A, de la Roza-Delgado B. Improving the discriminatory power of a near-infrared microscopy spectral library with a support vector machine classifier. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:66-72. [PMID: 20132600 DOI: 10.1366/000370210790572124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A multi-group classifier based on the support vector machine (SVM) has been developed for use with a library of 48,456 spectra measured by near-infrared reflection microscopy (NIRM) on 227 samples representing 26 animal feed ingredients and 4 possible contaminants of animal origin. The performance of the classifier was assessed by a five-fold cross-validation, dividing at the sample level. Although the overall proportion of misclassifications was 27%, almost all of these involved the confusion of pairs of similar ingredients of vegetable origin. Such confusions are unimportant in the context of the intended use of the library, which is the detection of banned ingredients in animal feed. The error rate in discrimination between permitted and banned ingredients was just 0.17%. The performance of the SVM classifier was substantially better than that of the K-nearest-neighbors method employed in previous work with the same library, for which the comparable error rates are 36% overall and 0.39% for permitted versus banned ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fernández-Ibáñez
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Grasslands and Forages, Regional Institute for Research and Agro-Food Development, SERIDA, PO Box 13, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain
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37
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Ballin NZ, Vogensen FK, Karlsson AH. Species determination – Can we detect and quantify meat adulteration? Meat Sci 2009; 83:165-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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von Holst C, Baeten V, Boix A, Slowikowski B, Fernández Pierna JA, Tirendi S, Dardenne P. Transferability study of a near-infrared microscopic method for the detection of banned meat and bone meal in feedingstuffs. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:313-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Wang W, Paliwal J. Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging in food quality and safety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-007-9022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Li H, Lv X, Wang J, Li J, Yang H, Qin Y. Quantitative determination of soybean meal content in compound feeds: comparison of near-infrared spectroscopy and real-time PCR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2313-22. [PMID: 17901946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Standard methods for determining the raw material content of compound feed are little exploited, except for the identification of meat and bone meal in feeds. In this work, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied in order to establish new and fast methods for quantification of soybean meal content in compound feeds. The best prediction quality was achieved by using a model based on NIR spectroscopy (R2 = 0.9857, standard error of cross-validation 1.1065). Furthermore, a sensitive qualitative detection method by using the real-time PCR was developed (R2 = 0.976, slope -3.7599). Finally, the differences between the real-time PCR result and the NIR spectroscopy result for a given sample were also treated, and we found that the NIR spectroscopy method provided quite accurate results which approach closely those of the real-time PCR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhongguanchun South Street 12, 100081, Beijing, China
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