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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Lu C, Yang W, Xie X, Xin H, Lu X, Ni M, Yang X, Lv X, Jiao P. Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum and rumen protected fat on meat quality, oxidative stability, and chemical composition of finishing goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:3. [PMID: 38225608 PMCID: PMC10789026 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium butyricum (CB) is a probiotic that can regulate intestinal microbial composition and improve meat quality. Rumen protected fat (RPF) has been shown to increase the dietary energy density and provide essential fatty acids. However, it is still unknown whether dietary supplementation with CB and RPF exerts beneficial effects on growth performance and nutritional value of goat meat. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary CB and RPF supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, oxidative stability, and meat nutritional value of finishing goats. Thirty-two goats (initial body weight, 20.5 ± 0.82 kg) were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 RPF supplementation (0 vs. 30 g/d) × 2 CB supplementation (0 vs. 1.0 g/d) factorial treatment arrangement. The experiment included a 14-d adaptation and 70-d data and sample collection period. The goats were fed a diet consisted of 400 g/kg peanut seedling and 600 g/kg corn-based concentrate (dry matter basis). RESULT Interaction between CB and RPF was rarely observed on the variables measured, except that shear force was reduced (P < 0.05) by adding CB or RPF alone or their combination; the increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content with adding RPF was more pronounced (P < 0.05) with CB than without CB addition. The pH24h (P = 0.009), a* values (P = 0.007), total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.050), glutathione peroxidase activities (P = 0.006), concentrations of 18:3 (P < 0.001), 20:5 (P = 0.003) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.048) were increased, whereas the L* values (P < 0.001), shear force (P = 0.050) and malondialdehyde content (P = 0.044) were decreased by adding CB. Furthermore, CB supplementation increased essential amino acid (P = 0.027), flavor amino acid (P = 0.010) and total amino acid contents (P = 0.024) as well as upregulated the expression of lipoprotein lipase (P = 0.034) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (P = 0.012), and downregulated the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) (P = 0.034). The RPF supplementation increased dry matter intake (P = 0.005), averaged daily gain (trend, P = 0.058), hot carcass weight (P = 0.046), backfat thickness (P = 0.006), concentrations of 16:0 (P < 0.001) and c9-18:1 (P = 0.002), and decreased the shear force (P < 0.001), isoleucine (P = 0.049) and lysine content (P = 0.003) of meat. In addition, the expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P = 0.003), fatty acid synthase (P = 0.038), SCD (P < 0.001) and PPARγ (P = 0.022) were upregulated due to RPF supplementation, resulting in higher (P < 0.001) content of IMF. CONCLUSIONS CB and RPF could be fed to goats for improving the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality, and promote fat deposition by upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes of Longissimus thoracis muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhu Yang
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiaolai Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangshu Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotan Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Ni
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Xinyue Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Peixin Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia.
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Roskam E, O’Donnell C, Hayes M, Kirwan SF, Kenny DA, O’Flaherty V, McGovern FM, Claffey N, Waters SM. Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad421. [PMID: 38206107 PMCID: PMC10876037 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into the potential use of various dietary feed supplements to reduce methane (CH4) production from ruminants has proliferated in recent years. In this study, two 8-wk long experiments were conducted with mature ewes and incorporated the use of a variety of natural dietary feed supplements offered either independently or in combination. Both experiments followed a randomized complete block design. Ewes were offered a basal diet in the form of ad libitum access to grass silage supplemented with 0.5 kg concentrates/ewe/d. The entire daily dietary concentrate allocation, incorporating the respective feed supplement, was offered each morning, and this was followed by the daily silage allocation. In experiment 1, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) Ascophyllum nodosum (SW), 3) A. nodosum extract (EX1), 4) a blend of garlic and citrus extracts (GAR), and 5) a blend of essential oils (EO). In experiment 2, the experimental diets contained 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) A. nodosum extract (EX2), 3) soya oil (SO), and 4) a combination of EX2 and SO (EXSO). Twenty ewes per treatment were individually housed during both experiments. Methane was measured using portable accumulation chambers. Rumen fluid was collected at the end of both experiments for subsequent volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia analyses. Data were analyzed using mixed models ANOVA (PROC MIXED, SAS v9.4). Statistically significant differences between treatment means were considered when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet in either experiment (P > 0.05). Ewes offered EO tended to have an increased feed:gain ratio relative to CON (P < 0.10) and SO tended to increase the average daily gain (P < 0.10) which resulted in animals having a higher final body weight (P < 0.05) than CON. Ewes offered EX1 and SO emitted 9% less CH4 g/d than CON. The only dietary treatment to have an effect on rumen fermentation variables relative to CON was SW, which enhanced total VFA production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the A. nodosum extract had inconsistent results on CH4 emissions whereby EX1 reduced CH4 g/d while EX2 had no mitigating effect on CH4 production, likely due to the differences in PT content reported for EX1 and EX2. SO was the only dietary feed supplement assessed in the current study that enhanced animal performance whilst mitigating daily CH4 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roskam
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caroline O’Donnell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Stuart F Kirwan
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- UCD School of Agricultural and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent O’Flaherty
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fiona M McGovern
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Noel Claffey
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc Grange, Co. Meath, Ireland
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Dayani O, Khatibi A, Tajaddini MA. Sustainable utilization of unsaleable walnut kernel in substitution for corn grain in the diet of fattening lambs improves growth performance and meat quality. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:378. [PMID: 37878071 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As a cost-effective typical co-product of walnut processing; this study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding poor quality, unsaleable walnut kernel, also known as wasted walnut (WW) kernel, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition of fattening lambs. The experiment was conducted using 24 fattening lambs (27 ±1.07 kg initial BW) assigned to two total mixed concentrate-based diets, over a 80-day experimental period on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were: 1) WW (10% WW), and 2) CON (without WW). Average daily and total gain, and final weight increased with WW inclusion (P < 0.05). Also, a significant enhancement in feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) and carcass cooler shrink loss (P = 0.03) were observed by feeding WW. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not influenced by feeding WW as did carcass prime cuts, meat, bone and fat-tail; however, the backfat thickness was increased (P = 0.01). WW inclusion reduced cholesterol and increased protein load in muscle tissue (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, this inclusion led to higher concentration of vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and C20 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA), total n3 and n6 PUFA in muscle and fat-tail (P ≤ 0.05). Due to enhanced animal performance, also chemical and FA composition of muscle and adipose tissue, WW can be included in fattening lamb diets as a rich source of protein and PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Dayani
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ali Khatibi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Tajaddini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051133. [PMID: 34069633 PMCID: PMC8160904 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat's fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.
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Vicente J, Vallejo J, López-Aguirre S, Lee-Rangel H, Martínez-Hernández M, Paredes-Ramos P, Pinos-Rodríguez J. Dietary addition of soybean oil on performance, rumen fermentation and meat quality of finishing lambs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1791949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vicente
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Jordán Vallejo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Samuel López-Aguirre
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Héctor Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Pedro Paredes-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan Pinos-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
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ESPIN LT, LÓPEZ-YAÑEZ B, CANSECO R, PINOS-RODRÍGUEZ J, LÓPEZ-AGUIRRE S. Addition of yellow grease to grain-based diets and taiwan grass on growth performance of finishing hair lambs. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i3.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing lambs were used to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of yellow grease (YG) on performance and carcass yield. Sixteen male hair lambs were assigned randomly to one of two diets with 0 or 30 g YG/kg DM and similar energy and protein content. Lambs underwent adaptation to diets for 12 d and fasting for 75 d. Dietary inclusion of YG did not affect growth performance or feed intake. Feed conversion, hot and cold carcass weight and yield improved by YG. The dietary addition of 30 g YG/kg DM allowed reducing the proportion of dietary grain without causing harmful effects on growth performance and feed intake but improving carcass dressing in finishing hair lambs. Given that its inclusion in grain-based diets improved carcass weights and yield. We can conclude that YG would be an efficient alternative energy source for hair lambs under tropical conditions. Nevertheless, further research is required to determine the effect of YG on meat and carcass quality.
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Sharifi M, Bashtani M, Naserian AA, Farhangfar H, Rasani M, Emami A. Grape seed oil supplementation in lamb diet: effect on meat oxidation stability and muscle fatty acids. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1645622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Moslem Bashtani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Naserian
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Rasani
- Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Emami
- Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
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Awawdeh MS, Dager HK, Obeidat BS. Effects of alternative feedstuffs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing Awassi lambs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1579680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mofleh S. Awawdeh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh K. Dager
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Belal S. Obeidat
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Zhao T, Ma Y, Qu Y, Luo H, Liu K, Zuo Z, Lu X. Effect of dietary oil sources on fatty acid composition of ruminal digesta and populations of specific bacteria involved in hydrogenation of 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acid in finishing lambs. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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van Cleef FDOS, Ezequiel JMB, D’Aurea AP, Almeida MTC, Perez HL, van Cleef EHCB. Feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, feedlot performance, carcass traits, and meat characteristics of crossbred lambs fed high levels of yellow grease or soybean oil. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dávila-Ramírez JL, Macías-Cruz U, Torrentera-Olivera NG, González-Ríos H, Peña-Ramos EA, Soto-Navarro SA, Avendaño-Reyes L. Feedlot performance and carcass traits of hairbreed ewe lambs in response to zilpaterol hydrochloride and soybean oil supplementation. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3189-96. [PMID: 26115305 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; 0 or 10 mg/lamb daily) and soybean oil (SBO; 0 or 6%) supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass traits, and wholesale cut yield of 32 Dorper × Pelibuey ewe lambs (30.55 ± 2. 57 kg of initial BW). Lambs were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to treatments under a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. After a 34-d feeding period, all ewes were slaughtered. No ZH × SBO interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.11) for the variables evaluated. In the overall feeding period and first 17 d of experiment, feedlot performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.26) by ZH supplementation, but from d 18 to 34, ZH increased (P ≤ 0.03) total gain, ADG, and G:F without affecting DMI (P = 0.58). Also, ZH increased (P ≤ 0.02) HCW, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, LM area, and leg perimeter. Lung weight as percentage of final BW decreased (P = 0.05) whereas other noncarcass components and wholesale cut yields were not affected (P ≥ 0.06) by ZH supplementation. Inclusion of SBO did not affect (P ≥ 0.08) feedlot performance or wholesale cut yields. The LM pH at 24 h postmortem as well as liver and peritoneum percentages were decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by SBO supplementation, but no other carcass characteristics or noncarcass components were affected (P ≥ 0.08) by SBO. In conclusion, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were not altered by the interaction of ZH × SBO. However, ZH alone increased the growth of ewes during the last 17 d of the feeding period. Likewise, carcass characteristics of economic importance (i.e., HCW, dressing percentage, LM area, and leg perimeter) increased with ZH supplementation. In general, feedlot performance, carcass traits, and wholesale cut yields were not altered by including 6% of SBO in the finishing diet of ewe lambs.
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Blanco C, Giráldez FJ, Prieto N, Morán L, Andrés S, Benavides J, Tejido ML, Bodas R. Effects of dietary inclusion of sunflower soap stocks on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and ruminal and blood metabolites of light fattening lambs. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4086-94. [PMID: 25085392 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty-four merino lambs (6 to 8 wk old; BW 15.6 ± 0.21 kg) were used to study the effect of adding different proportions of sunflower soap stock (SS) to pelleted total mixed ration (TMR) for fattening lambs on feed intake, animal growth and dressing percentage, ruminal fluid characteristics, and blood acid-base parameters. Lambs were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups (11 lambs per group), each randomly assigned to 1 dietary treatment: 00SS (0 g SS/kg TMR pellet), 15SS (15 g SS/kg TMR pellet), 30SS (30 g SS/kg TMR pellet), and 60SS (60 g SS/kg TMR pellet). Lambs were individually fed the corresponding diet ad libitum. On d 19 to 23, total feces were collected and sampled from 4 lambs per group. When lambs reached 27 kg BW, they were slaughtered. Dry matter intake, ADG, and length of fattening period were not affected by the dietary treatment (P > 0.10). Animals in the 30SS group tended to show the best G:F values (P < 0.10). Dressing percentage tended to linearly decrease as SS increased (P < 0.10). Animals in the 60SS groups showed the lowest DM and fiber digestibility values (P < 0.05). Total VFA contents in ruminal fluid were not affected (P > 0.10), but the propionate proportion linearly increased (P < 0.05), and the acetate to propionate ratio tended to decrease with SS supplementation. Increasing dietary content of SS linearly decreased the cold carcass weight (P < 0.05) but did not affect other measured carcass characteristics. Ruminal fluid pH tended to decrease (P < 0.10) and mucosa color decreased as SS increased in the TMR (P < 0.05). Blood pH and Na concentration increased (P < 0.05), whereas the anion gap, CO2 pressure, and K concentration linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as SS increased. Including more than 30 g SS/kg TMR in the diet for fattening lambs reduces DM and fiber digestibility without affecting feed intake and ADG. The acidotic rumen conditions that induced a darkening of rumen mucosa were counteracted by blood acid-base parameters. The optimum level of inclusion seems to be 30 g SS/kg TMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blanco
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - F J Giráldez
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - N Prieto
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - L Morán
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - S Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - J Benavides
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - M L Tejido
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), E-24346 Grulleros (León), Spain
| | - R Bodas
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León, Finca Zamadueñas, Ctra. Burgos, km 119, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain
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Oguri M, Okano K, Ieki H, Kitagawa M, Tadokoro O, Sano Y, Oishi K, Hirooka H, Kumagai H. Feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen utilization, ruminal condition and blood metabolites in wethers fed ground bamboo pellets cultured with white-rot fungus (Ceriporiopsis subvermispora) and mixed with soybean curd residue and soy sauce cake. Anim Sci J 2013; 84:650-5. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michimasa Oguri
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources; Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Sakyo; Kyoto
| | - Kanji Okano
- School of Environmental Science; The University of Shiga Prefecture; Hikone; Shiga
| | - Hajime Ieki
- Ehime Prefecture Livestock Research Center; Seiyo
| | - Masayuki Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources; Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Sakyo; Kyoto
| | | | | | - Kazato Oishi
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources; Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Sakyo; Kyoto
| | - Hiroyuki Hirooka
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources; Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Sakyo; Kyoto
| | - Hajime Kumagai
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Resources; Division of Applied Biosciences; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University; Sakyo; Kyoto
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Salimon J, Salih N, Yousif E. Industrial development and applications of plant oils and their biobased oleochemicals. ARAB J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Awawdeh MS. Alternative feedstuffs and their effects on performance of Awassi sheep: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1297-309. [PMID: 21512727 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fat-tailed sheep (FTS) is a group of breeds characterized by large (fatty) tails that it is commonly distributed in Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, and to a lesser extent in other countries. Awassi, a common FTS breed in many Mediterranean countries, is adaptive and suitable to live in harsh conditions of the arid and semiarid areas. One of the main constraints for sheep industry in those areas is the limited supply and variable quality and quantity of feedstuffs. Using several alternative feedstuffs (AF) has been a common practice to decrease production cost of Awassi sheep industry in those areas. The appropriate AF to be used is determined by several animal and feed factors. These AF includes, but not limited to, unconventional feedstuffs, agricultural byproducts, and agro-industrial byproducts. A good body of literature about the use of AF and the effects of such use on performance of Awassi sheep is available. Some of these AF have been shown to be safely used in Awassi diets with no detrimental effects on sheep performance or health and, thus, recommended to lower the production cost. Other AF has controversial effects and recommendations. This paper reviews the effects of using AF on performance of Awassi ewes and lambs. Effects on intake, nutrient digestibilities, growth rate, and carcass characteristics of lambs and on intake, nutrient digestibilities, body weight change, milk yield, and milk composition of ewes will be emphasized. Recommendations and limitations for using AF will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mofleh S Awawdeh
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Growth performance and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs fed diets containing carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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