1
|
Islam MR, Garcia SC, Sarker NR, Islam MA, Clark CEF. Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum) management strategies for dairy and meat production in the tropics and subtropics: yield and nutritive value. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269976. [PMID: 38034567 PMCID: PMC10682400 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) comprises up to 80% of the cattle diet in many tropical and subtropical regions and is used primarily by smallholder farmers. Despite the grass's high yield, resulting animal productivity from this grass is low. One of the key reasons for the low animal productivity of Napier grass is its low nutritive value under current management. Taken together, previous work has shown the current yield, crude protein (CP), and metabolisable energy (ME) of Napier grass to be 26 t dry matter (DM)/ha/year, 96 g/kg DM, and 8.7 MJ/kg DM, respectively, ranging from 2 to 86 t DM/ha/year, 9 to 257 g CP/kg DM, and 5.9 to 10.8 MJ ME/kg DM, respectively, suggesting an opportunity for significant improvement on both yield and nutritive value of this grass. The DM yield and nutritive value of this grass are inversely related, indicating a trade-off between yield and quality; however, this trade-off could be minimised by increasing sowing density and harvesting frequency. Available literature shows that this simple management strategy of increasing sowing density (50 cm × 40 cm) and harvesting frequency (11-12 harvests/year) provides 71 t DM/ha with 135 g/kg DM CP and 10.8 MJ ME/kg DM. This quality of Napier grass has the potential to increase both milk and meat production substantially in the tropics and subtropics, and the farmers will likely find this simple management acceptable due to the high yield obtained through this management. However, there is a paucity of work in this field. Therefore, management strategies to improve the nutritive value of Napier grass are required to increase milk and meat production in the tropics and subtropics and in doing so improve the food security of more than half of the global population living in these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rafiq Islam
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergio C. Garcia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathu R. Sarker
- Krishi Gobeshona Foundation, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council Complex, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Islam
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Cameron E. F. Clark
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ojeda JJ, Islam MR, Correa-Luna M, Gargiulo JI, Clark CEF, Rotili DH, Garcia SC. Field and in-silico analysis of harvest index variability in maize silage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206535. [PMID: 37404539 PMCID: PMC10316513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Maize silage is a key component of feed rations in dairy systems due to its high forage and grain yield, water use efficiency, and energy content. However, maize silage nutritive value can be compromised by in-season changes during crop development due to changes in plant partitioning between grain and other biomass fractions. The partitioning to grain (harvest index, HI) is affected by the interactions between genotype (G) × environment (E) × management (M). Thus, modelling tools could assist in accurately predicting changes during the in-season crop partitioning and composition and, from these, the HI of maize silage. Our objectives were to (i) identify the main drivers of grain yield and HI variability, (ii) calibrate the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) to estimate crop growth, development, and plant partitioning using detailed experimental field data, and (iii) explore the main sources of HI variance in a wide range of G × E × M combinations. Nitrogen (N) rates, sowing date, harvest date, plant density, irrigation rates, and genotype data were used from four field experiments to assess the main drivers of HI variability and to calibrate the maize crop module in APSIM. Then, the model was run for a complete range of G × E × M combinations across 50 years. Experimental data demonstrated that the main drivers of observed HI variability were genotype and water status. The model accurately simulated phenology [leaf number and canopy green cover; Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC)=0.79-0.97, and Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE)=13%] and crop growth (total aboveground biomass, grain + cob, leaf, and stover weight; CCC=0.86-0.94 and RMSPE=23-39%). In addition, for HI, CCC was high (0.78) with an RMSPE of 12%. The long-term scenario analysis exercise showed that genotype and N rate contributed to 44% and 36% of the HI variance. Our study demonstrated that APSIM is a suitable tool to estimate maize HI as one potential proxy of silage quality. The calibrated APSIM model can now be used to compare the inter-annual variability of HI for maize forage crops based on G × E × M interactions. Therefore, the model provides new knowledge to (potentially) improve maize silage nutritive value and aid genotype selection and harvest timing decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jesus Ojeda
- Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - M. Rafiq Islam
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin Correa-Luna
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Cameron Edward Fisher Clark
- Livestock Production and Welfare Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - Diego Hernán Rotili
- Cátedra de Cerealicultura, Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA) Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Carlos Garcia
- Dairy Science Group, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gordo A, Hernando B, Artajona J, Fondevila M. In Vitro Study of the Effect of Ensiling Length and Processing on the Nutritive Value of Maize Silages. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030344. [PMID: 36766232 PMCID: PMC9913734 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of the ensiling length (3, 6, or 9 months), and the processing by dehydration (D) or dehydration and pelleting (P) with respect to the fresh silages (F) were studied in vitro on three maize cultivars in three incubation runs to study the effect of these factors on the nutritive value of maize silage. Gas production pattern, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), methane concentration (6 and 12 h), ammonia, and volatile fatty acid concentration (VFA) at 12 h were measured. The moisture and pH of F averaged 676 g/kg and 4.09, respectively, and were not affected by the ensiling length, but moisture was reduced, and the pH increased in D and P with respect to F (p < 0.05). The ensiling length did not affect the chemical composition, but differences among the processing forms were detected in a higher acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) proportion in P than D, and D than F (p < 0.001). Silages opened at 9 months showed the lowest gas production (p < 0.05), and those that opened after 3 months showed the highest IVTD. The effects of processing on nutrient utilisation only manifested on 3 month silages, with the volume of gas production and IVTD being lower in D than F. However, processing tended (p = 0.064) to reduce the methane proportion at 12 h, indicating both a more efficient fermentation and a lower potential of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the fresh silages. Extending the length of ensiling to 9 months reduced the fermentation of maize silage. The processing increased the dry matter and buffered the feed as well as contributed to an increase in fermentation in 3 month silages.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai Y, Yue W, Ding C. Optimize the irrigation and fertilizer schedules by combining DSSAT and genetic algorithm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52473-52482. [PMID: 35257345 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main food crops in the world, the yield of maize directly affects the food security of the world. The optimization of irrigation and fertilizer schedules is also one of the hot issues in the world. However, the traditional optimization methods are mainly based on field experiment or crop model. The research on combining crop model with optimization algorithm to optimize irrigation and fertilizer schedule is rare. In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) and DSSAT crop model were combined to provide theoretical basis for the optimization of irrigation and fertilizer schedules of maize in China. On the basis of field experimental data in previous references, the model was calibrated and verified, and get a well simulation result with RMSE ranged from 0.262 to 0.580 Mg/ha. After that, GA and DSSAT were run to obtain the optimized irrigation and fertilizer schedules. Compared with the results of previous references, the new optimization schedules can improve the yield (1.9 ~ 2.6%) and economic benefits (7.3 ~ 8.9%). It is proved that this method has a good optimization effect, and the method also has a wide range of research prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhejiang, 310000, China.
| | - Wenjun Yue
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Souza RTDA, dos Santos MVF, da Cunha MV, Gonçalves GD, da Silva VJ, de Mello ACL, Muir JP, Ribeiro REP, Dubeux JCB. Dwarf and Tall Elephantgrass Genotypes under Irrigation as Forage Sources for Ruminants: Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082392. [PMID: 34438850 PMCID: PMC8388698 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclical droughts negatively impact agriculture, with deficits of water availability for the maintenance of crops destined for human food and animal production. Seasonality of forage quantity and quality is a critical obstacle to support domesticated herds over the year. Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is a tropical forage widely used for feeding ruminants, mainly in the form of cut-and-carry, which has the potential to increase tropical pasture productivity, due to the large amount of roughage produced per unit of area. Research evaluated the response of tall and dwarf elephantgrass genotypes under irrigation considering its potential for complementing ruminant diets. This study showed that irrigation of elephantgrass, particularly during the dry season, may improve the regularity of forage production with good nutritive value. Abstract This two-year study evaluated the effect of Pennisetum purpureum genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions, during the dry and rainy seasons, on herbage, leaf, and stem dry matter (DM) accumulation rates, nutritive value, and carbohydrate and protein fractionation. Treatments were tall (Iri 381 and Elefante B) or dwarf (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37) genotypes under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Taiwan A-146 2.37 (146 kg DM ha per day) showed similar herbage accumulation rate (HAR) to tall genotypes during the rainy season (124 and 150 kg DM/ha per day, respectively). Dwarf genotypes showed differences in leaf accumulation rate (LAR) (66 and 49 kg DM/ha per day). Mott leaf had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (589 g/kg DM) than Taiwan A-146 2.37 (598 g/kg DM), and tall genotypes had generally greater NDF (668 g/kg DM) than the dwarf genotypes. Irrigation increased fiber deposition in the leaf. Stems of all genotypes had lower in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) (378 g/kg DM) under rainfed conditions in the rainy season. Leaf from irrigated plots had 23% more carbohydrate C fraction (160 g/kg CHO) than those from rainfed plots (122 g/kg CHO). Dwarf genotypes had generally greater nutritive value than tall genotypes. These genotypes show promise under irrigation to fill forage gaps during dry periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne Thalita de Almeida Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mércia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Márcio Vieira da Cunha
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Geane Dias Gonçalves
- Federal University of Agreste of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, Pernambuco 55292-270, Brazil;
| | - Valdson José da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 Hwy 281, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
| | - Robson Elpídio Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiro Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil; (M.V.F.d.S.); (M.V.d.C.); (V.J.d.S.); (A.C.L.d.M.); (R.E.P.R.)
| | - José Carlos Batista Dubeux
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 3925 Hwy 71, Marianna, FL 32446-8091, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chorol S, Angchok D, Stobdan T. Irrigation timing as a glucosinolate alteration factor in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (Gya Labuk and Tsentay Labuk) in the Indian Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Uzun S, Özaktan H, Uzun OĞ. Effects of Different Nitrogen Dose and Sources as Top-Dressing on Yield and Silage Quality Attributes of Silage Maize. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190030. [PMID: 32756843 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of different nitrogen doses and sources applied as top-dressing on dry matter yield and quality of maize silage were investigated in this study. Along with 7.5 kg N da-1 application as starter at sowing in the form of 15-15-0+Zn, nitrogen doses of 0, 7.5, 15 and 22.5 kg da-1 were applied as top-dressing at 6-leaf stage of plants in the forms of ammonium nitrate, urea, DMPP blended ammonium sulphate nitrate and urea with NBPT urease inhibitor. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks-factorial experimental design with 3 replicates in 2013 and 2014. The greatest dry matter yield were obtained from 15 and 22.5 kg N da-1 in 2013 and from 22.5 kg N da-1 in 2014. Nitrogen sources had also significant effects on dry matter yield. According to the average of two years, both DMPP blended ammonium sulphate nitrate and urea with NBPT urease inhibitor increased yield respectively by 7 and 3% as compared to ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers. Nitrogen doses significantly improved the silage quality attributes. Nitrogen treatments increased silage protein ratio and decreased ADF and NDF ratios of silage samples. The greatest relative feed value was obtained from 15 kg N da-1 treatment. It was concluded based on present findings that besides the nitrogen doses, nitrogen sources also significantly improved yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sati Uzun
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hamdİ Özaktan
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - OĞuzhan Uzun
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jacovetti R, França AFDS, Carnevalli RA, Miyagi ES, Brunes LC, Corrêa DS. MILHETO COMO SILAGEM COMPARADO A GRAMÍNEAS TRADICIONAIS: ASPECTOS QUANTITATIVOS, QUALITATIVOS E ECONÔMICOS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v19e-26539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Foram avaliados a composição morfológica, os parâmetros agronômicos, a produção de massa seca das plantas forrageiras utilizadas para o processo de ensilagem, bem como a caracterização do processo fermentativo, em diferentes tempos de abertura dos mini-silos (3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 dias) após a ensilagem. Procedeu-se também às determinações das perdas de efluentes e gases, além da composição bromatológica e fracionamento de proteína das silagens. Também foi estimado o custo de produção e a produção de leite em função da matéria seca das silagens produzidas a partir de diferentes gramíneas. As espécies forrageiras avaliadas foram: milheto ADR-7010, sorgo BRS 610, milho AG 5055 com espiga, milho AG 5055 sem espiga e cana-de-açúcar IAC 86-2480. Foram observadas diferenças significativas tanto para produção, quanto composição bromatológica e custos de produção. O milheto não se mostrou competitivo com as demais forrageiras; entretanto, constitui opção como cultura de inverno em decorrência de sua baixa exigência hídrica quando comparado às demais culturas.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu M, Li Y, Che Y, Deng S, Xiao Y. Effects of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake of Lolium multiflorum grown in Cd-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:23363-23370. [PMID: 28842798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects of different fertilizers and their combinations on growth and nutrient and Cd uptake of Lolium multiflorum. Compared with control treatment, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, and their conjunctions with biofertilizer increased shoot biomass. Biofertilizers were found to cause significant reductions in shoot biomass of plants grown in organic manure-treated and control soil. Decreased soil-available N and P and shoot N and K concentrations in biofertilizer amendment treatments indicated that plant growth and nutrient absorption might be negatively affected under nutrient deficiency conditions. Elevated shoot biomasses contributed to the highest shoot Cd contents in chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer + biofertilizer treatments among all treatments. But the maximum translocation efficiency occurred in biofertilizer + chemical fertilizer + organic manure treatment, followed by organic manure and chemical fertilizer + organic manure treatments. Based on the results, we can conclude that the application of only the biofertilizer Bacillus subtilis should be avoided in nutrient-limited soils. Chemical fertilizer application could benefit the amount of Cd in shoots, and organic manure application and its combinations could result in the higher translocation efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeye Che
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Deng
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Zaeddi H, Martínez-Tomé J, Calín-Sánchez Á, Burló F, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Irrigation dose and plant density affect the volatile composition and sensory quality of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:427-433. [PMID: 27392118 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two independent field experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of (i) three irrigation treatments (ID0 = 1585 m3 ha-1 , considered as a control; ID1 = 1015 m3 ha-1 ; and ID2 = 2180 m3 ha-1 ) and (ii) three plant density treatments (PD0 = 5.56 plants m-2 , considered as a control; PD1 = 4.44 plants m-2 ; and PD2 = 7.41 plants m-2 ) on the production, volatile composition of essential oil, and sensory quality of dill. RESULTS The highest plant yield was obtained with intermediate conditions of both irrigation dose (ID0) and plant density (PD0). The main compounds of the essential oil were α-phellandrene, dill ether and β-phellandrene. The highest irrigation dose (ID2) produced the highest concentrations of most of the main compounds: α-phellandrene (49.5 mg per 100 g), β-phellandrene (6.89 mg per 100 g) and limonene (2.49 mg per 100 g). A similar pattern was found for the highest plant density (PD2): α-phellandrene (71.0 mg per 100 g), dill ether (16.7 mg per 100 g) and β-phellandrene (9.70 mg per 100 g). The use of descriptive sensory analysis helped in reaching a final decision, and the dill plants with the highest sensory quality were those of the ID2 and PD0 treatments. CONCLUSION The final recommendation is to use the irrigation dose ID2 and the plant density PD2 if the objective is to produce dill samples with the highest aromatic and sensory quality; however, if the only objective is to produce high amounts of dill, the best options are ID0 and PD0. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein El-Zaeddi
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, E-03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, E-03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel Calín-Sánchez
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, E-03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Burló
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, E-03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Department of Agro-Food Technology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, E-03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li CJ, Xu ZH, Dong ZX, Shi SL, Zhang JG. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on the Yields, Nutritive Value and Silage Fermentation Quality of Whole-crop Wheat. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1129-35. [PMID: 26954126 PMCID: PMC4932566 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as forage has been extensively used in the world. In this study, the effects of N application rates on the yields, nutritive value and silage quality were investigated. The N application rates were 0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg/ha. The research results indicated that the dry matter yield of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N rate up to 150 kg/ha, and then leveled off. The crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of whole-crop wheat increased significantly with increasing N up to 225 kg/ha, while they no longer increased at N 300 kg/ha. On the contrary, the content of various fibers tended to decrease with the increase of N application. The content of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid in silages increased with the increase of N rate (p<0.05). The ammonia-N content of silages with higher N application rates (≥225 kg/ha) was significantly higher than that with lower N application rates (≤150 kg/ha). Whole-crop wheat applied with high levels of N accumulated more nitrate-N. In conclusion, taking account of yields, nutritive value, silage quality and safety, the optimum N application to whole-crop wheat should be about 150 kg/ha at the present experiment conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Li
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Z H Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Z X Dong
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - S L Shi
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - J G Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gallo A, Giuberti G, Masoero F, Palmonari A, Fiorentini L, Moschini M. Response on Yield and Nutritive Value of Two Commercial Maize Hybrids as a Consequence of a Water Irrigation Reduction. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Bacenetti J, Fusi A. The environmental burdens of maize silage production: Influence of different ensiling techniques. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Masoero F, Gallo A, Giuberti G, Fiorentini L, Moschini M. Effect of water-saving irrigation regime on whole-plant yield and nutritive value of maize hybrids. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3040-3045. [PMID: 23512720 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of a water-saving irrigation regime on yield, chemical composition, rumen in situ dry matter disappearance (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD), along with 7 h in vitro starch degradability (7 h IVSD), in maize hybrids selected for whole-plant silage making was investigated. A plot experiment was conducted in a continental climate location and four commercial maize hybrids (FAO class 700) were used in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement of irrigation treatments (fully irrigated (FI) and water-saving regime (WS)) and four replicates/treatment. The total amount of irrigation water was 494 mm in FI plots and 367 mm in WS plots, the latter achieved by skipping irrigations at vegetative growth stage, silking and blistering. RESULTS Whole-plant yield, chemical composition, DMD, NDFD and 7 h IVSD slightly differed among hybrids and were not influenced by irrigation treatments. Plant dry matter content was lower in FI than WS plots (320 vs. 341 g kg⁻¹) , respectively; P < 0.05). Differences among hybrids were recorded for starch and acid detergent fiber contents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The lack of differences on yield and nutritive value in tested maize hybrids grown under different water supply suggests the water-saving regime could be suitable for an optimal use of available water in maize management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Masoero
- Feed and Food Science and Nutrition Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of residual nitrogen, nitrogen fertilizer, sowing date and harvest time on yield and nutritive value of forage rape. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|