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Cuchillo-Hilario M, Fournier-Ramírez MI, Díaz Martínez M, Montaño Benavides S, Calvo-Carrillo MC, Carrillo Domínguez S, Carranco-Jáuregui ME, Hernández-Rodríguez E, Mora-Pérez P, Cruz-Martínez YR, Delgadillo-Puga C. Animal Food Products to Support Human Nutrition and to Boost Human Health: The Potential of Feedstuffs Resources and Their Metabolites as Health-Promoters. Metabolites 2024; 14:496. [PMID: 39330503 PMCID: PMC11434278 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent attention has been given to animal feeding and its impact on human nutrition. Animal feeding is essential for meeting human dietary needs, making it a subject of significant interest and investigation. This review seeks to outline the current understanding of this disciplinary area, with a focus on key research areas and their potential implications. The initial part of the paper discusses the importance of animal feed resources and recognizes their crucial role in guaranteeing sufficient nutrition for both humans and animals. Furthermore, we analyzed the categorization of animal feeds based on the guidelines established by the National Research Council. This approach offers a valuable structure for comprehending and classifying diverse types of animal feed. Through an examination of this classification, we gain an understanding of the composition and nutritional content of various feedstuffs. We discuss the major categories of metabolites found in animal feed and their impact on animal nutrition, as well as their potential health advantages for humans. Flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, terpenoids, vitamins, antioxidants, alkaloids, and essential oils are the primary focus of the examination. Moreover, we analyzed their possible transference into animal products, and later we observed their occurrence in foods from animal sources. Finally, we discuss their potential to promote human health. This review offers an understanding of the connections among the major metabolites found in feedstuffs, their occurrence in animal products, and their possible impact on the health of both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cuchillo-Hilario
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 3.5 Carretera Teoloyucan-Cuautitlán, Estado de México 54000, Mexico
| | - Mareli-Itzel Fournier-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 3.5 Carretera Teoloyucan-Cuautitlán, Estado de México 54000, Mexico
| | - Margarita Díaz Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Sara Montaño Benavides
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - María-Concepción Calvo-Carrillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Silvia Carrillo Domínguez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - María-Elena Carranco-Jáuregui
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mora-Pérez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Yesica R Cruz-Martínez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Lock TJ, Mah SH, Lai ZW. Versatile Applications of Brewer's Spent Grain: Solid-State Fermentation and Nutritional Added Value. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5508-5532. [PMID: 37971579 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is a major by-product in the beer-brewing process which contributes to 85% of the entire generated by-product in the brewing process. BSG is rich in proteins, and most of the malt proteins (74-78%) remain insoluble in BSG after the mashing process. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising bioprocess that enables microorganisms to survive in environments with minimal water and has shown to enhance the nutritional composition of BSG. In this review, the potential application of protein, amino acids (proline, threonine, and serine), phenolic contents, and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose) extracted from BSG by various microorganisms using SSF is explored. Incorporation of BSG into animal feed, human diets, and as a substrate for microorganisms are the prospects that could be implemented in the industrial scale. This review also discussed various advances to improve the fermentation yield such as symbiotic fermentation, the addition of nitrogen supplements, and an optimal mixture of the agro-industrial waste substrate. Future perspectives on SSF are also addressed to provide important ideas for immediate and future studies. However, challenges include optimizing SSF conditions and design of bioreactors, and operational costs must be addressed in the future to overcome current obstacles. Overall, this mini review highlights the potential benefits of BSG utilization and SSF in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jenq Lock
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Siau Hui Mah
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Zee Wei Lai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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He P, Lei Y, Zhang K, Zhang R, Bai Y, Li Z, Jia L, Shi J, Cheng Q, Ma Y, Zhang X, Liu L, Lei Z. Dietary oregano essential oil supplementation alters meat quality, oxidative stability, and fatty acid profiles of beef cattle. Meat Sci 2023; 205:109317. [PMID: 37647737 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) supplementation on the meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and nutritional value of the longissimus thoracis muscle in steers. Steers were divided into three groups (n = 9) and fed either a basal diet, or a basal diet supplemented with 130 mg/d OEO, or 230 mg/d OEO for 390 days. The results demonstrated that dietary OEO supplementation increased the total antioxidant capacity and activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and decreased pH30min, pH24h, cooking loss, and malondialdehyde content. OEO increased the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. In contrast, saturated fatty acids decreased, accompanied by increased essential amino acids, flavor amino acids, and total amino acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle. In summary, dietary OEO supplementation promotes the nutritional and meat quality of beef by maintaining its water-holding capacity and meat color, enhancing its antioxidative capacity, and preventing lipid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjia He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zeming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jinping Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Jingchuan Xukang Food Co., Ltd, Pingliang 745000, PR China
| | - Yannan Ma
- Institute of Rural Development, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Center of Jingchuan County, Pingliang 744399, PR China
| | - Lishan Liu
- Institute of Livestock, Grass and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Stobiecka M, Król J, Brodziak A, Klebaniuk R, Kowalczuk-Vasilev E. Effects of Supplementation with an Herbal Mixture on the Antioxidant Capacity of Milk. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2013. [PMID: 37370523 DOI: 10.3390/ani13122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of a standardized herbal mixture to the feed ration for Holstein-Friesian cows on the antioxidant capacity of milk. The study was carried out on a farm specialized in breeding dairy cattle. The exact study involved 30 cows in lactation III, which were in the first phase of lactation at the beginning of the experiment (15 cows-control group; 15 cows-experimental group). The nutrition supplied to the cows was based on the TMR (total mixed ration) system, with roughage and concentrate fodder used as the basis of the feed ration. The addition of a standardized blend of dried herbs, i.e., oregano (Origanum vulgare), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), and cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), was the experimental factor. Powdered herbs were administered as a component of the concentrate fodder at the dose of 3% DM ration/day/head. Milk samples were collected four times during the experiment (term 0 after the colostrum period and then after lactation weeks 2, 4, and 6). The following parameters were determined in the milk: the basic chemical composition, i.e., the content of total protein, fat, lactose, and casein; somatic cell count; content of selected whey proteins (α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, BSA); and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D3, E). Additionally, the milk antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP, DPPH) was determined and the degree of antioxidant protection (DAP) was calculated. It was shown that the milk from cows receiving the herbal blend-supplemented fodder had a higher content of casein, compared to the control group. The herbal supplementation contributed to a significant increase in the content of bioactive compounds, i.e., selected whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin) and lipophilic vitamins (A, E). The milk was also characterized by significantly higher antioxidant potential (regardless of the measurement method) and a higher degree of antioxidant protection (DAP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stobiecka
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Król
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Brodziak
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Klebaniuk
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Dong J, Liu Y, Li S, Sun Z, Chen X, Wang D, Qin G, Zhang X, Aschalew ND, Wang T, Zhen Y. The physiological dissimilarities of Holstein dairy cows with different milk yields. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:429-442. [PMID: 36251757 PMCID: PMC9857101 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even if breed, parity, dietary and environmental management are same, dairy cows still have notable differences in milk yield that may be underpinned by physiologic differences. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the physiological dissimilarities of dairy cows with different milk yields. METHODS Thirty cows were sorted into high milk-yielding cows (group H: 58.93±2.31 kg/day), moderate milk-yielding cows (group M: 44.99±0.54 kg/day), and low milk-yielding cows (group L: 24.99±6.83 kg/day) according to milk yield. Blood was collected and serum parameters were assessed. Rumen fluid was collected for the evaluation of rumen fermentation parameters (RFPs) and bacterial community composition (BCC). RESULTS Serum prolactin, growth hormone, glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulin A and non-esterified fatty acid had a significantly positive correlation with milk yield (p < 0.05), whereas serum glucagon and total antioxidant capacity had a significantly negative correlation with milk yield (p < 0.05). The concentration of valeric acid and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid in group H was significantly lower than that in group L (p < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid in group H was significantly lower than that in groups M and L (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Prevotella_1, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Muribaculaceae, and Ruminococcus_2 were negatively correlated with milk yield, whereas the relative abundance of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Shuttleworthia and Dialister were positively correlated with milk yield (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that dairy cows with different milk yields have clear divergence in serum indicators, RFPs, BCC and rumen microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Dong
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Helan Mountain Dairy Co., Ltd.YinchuanP.R. China
| | - Songze Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Postdoctoral Scientific Research WorkstationFeed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunP.R. China,College of Life ScienceJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Postdoctoral Scientific Research WorkstationFeed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunP.R. China
| | - Duojia Wang
- Institute of Animal ScienceJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunP.R. China
| | - Guixin Qin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Postdoctoral Scientific Research WorkstationFeed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunP.R. China
| | - Natnael Demelash Aschalew
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Postdoctoral Scientific Research WorkstationFeed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunP.R. China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJLAU‐Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D CenterKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin ProvinceKey Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of EducationJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunP.R. China,Postdoctoral Scientific Research WorkstationFeed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin ProvinceChangchun Borui Science & Technology Co., LtdChangchunP.R. China
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Essential Oils as a Dietary Additive for Small Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis on Performance, Rumen Parameters, Serum Metabolites, and Product Quality. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090475. [PMID: 36136691 PMCID: PMC9502430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing pressure to identify natural feed additives that improve the productivity and health of livestock, without affecting the quality of derived products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, rumen parameters, serum metabolites, and quality of products (meat and milk) derived from small ruminants by means of a meta-analysis. Seventy-four peer-reviewed publications were included in the data set. Weighted mean differences (WMD) between the EOs treatments and the control treatment were used to assess the magnitude of effect. Dietary inclusion of EOs increased (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (WMD = 0.021 kg/d), dry matter digestibility (WMD = 14.11 g/kg of DM), daily weight gain (WMD = 0.008 kg/d), and feed conversion ratio (WMD = −0.111). The inclusion of EOs in small ruminants’ diets decreased (p < 0.05) ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (WMD = −0.310 mg/dL), total protozoa (WMD = −1.426 × 105/mL), methanogens (WMD = −0.60 × 107/mL), and enteric methane emissions (WMD = −3.93 L/d) and increased ruminal propionate concentration (WMD = 0.726 mol/100 mol, p < 0.001). The serum urea concentration was lower (WMD = −0.688 mg/dL; p = 0.009), but serum catalase (WMD = 0.204 ng/mL), superoxide dismutase (WMD = 0.037 ng/mL), and total antioxidant capacity (WMD = 0.749 U/mL) were higher (p < 0.05) in response to EOs supplementation. In meat, EOs supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the cooking loss (WMD = −0.617 g/100 g), malondialdehyde content (WMD = −0.029 mg/kg of meat), yellowness (WMD = −0.316), and total viable bacterial count (WMD = −0.780 CFU/g of meat). There was higher (p < 0.05) milk production (WMD = 0.113 kg/d), feed efficiency (WMD = 0.039 kg/kg), protein (WMD = 0.059 g/100 g), and lactose content in the milk (WMD = 0.100 g/100 g), as well as lower somatic cell counts in milk (WMD = −0.910 × 103 cells/mL) in response to EOs supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with EOs improves productive performance as well as meat and milk quality of small ruminants. In addition, EOs improve antioxidant status in blood serum and rumen fermentation and decrease environmental impact.
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Amirpour M, Mirshekar MA, Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Shourestani S, Arabmoazzen S, Naghizadeh M. The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:2659-2667. [PMID: 34802394 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2003946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a decrement in the number of synapses, an increment in the production of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cytokines. Green tea (GT) plays a defensive performance in different neurodegenerative conditions, such as cognition deficit. This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of green tea (GT) on cognitive disorder, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the streptozotocin (STZ)- induced AD model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control, (2) GT, (3) Alz, and (4) GT + Alz. AD was induced by the injection of STZ (3 mg/kg, bilaterally, ICV). Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were done to evaluate the memory and learning of rats. Biochemical parameters were measured with specialized ELISA kits. RESULTS Briefly, data analysis revealed that GT administration for 21 days improved memory impairment induced by the injection of STZ. Pretreatment with GT enhanced time spent in the goal quarter and reduced latency time and path length. Furthermore, pretreatment with GT prevented the increment of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in STZ-treated rats. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) concentration was suppressed with the GT pretreatment. Total antioxidant capacity was increased after GT administration in rats treated compared with AD rats. CONCLUSIONS GT pretreatment attenuated STZ-induced learning and memory impairment through the suppression of TNF-α and MDA concentrations. The beneficial effects of GT on memory could be attributed to its protective effects on oxidative defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Amirpour
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mirshekar
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gohar Sedaghat
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shadi Shourestani
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Arabmoazzen
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Naghizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Kalaitsidis K, Sidiropoulou E, Tsiftsoglou O, Mourtzinos I, Moschakis T, Basdagianni Z, Vasilopoulos S, Chatzigavriel S, Lazari D, Giannenas I. Effects of Cornus and Its Mixture with Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils on Dairy Sheep Performance and Milk, Yoghurt and Cheese Quality under Heat Stress. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1063. [PMID: 33918077 PMCID: PMC8069601 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a diet supplemented with a novel cornus extract, enriched with essential oils of oregano and thyme, on the performance of Chios cross-bred dairy sheep was investigated during the summer period. The plant extracts were prepared using a "green" method based on aqueous extraction. A total of 45 lactating ewes were allocated into three equal groups in a randomized block design. The three groups were fed the same feed allowance, roughage based on Lucerne hay and wheat straw and a concentrate based on cereals and oil cakes (the control diet). The diet of two groups was fortified with cornus extract, with or without oregano and thyme essential oils, at a level 0.515 g of plant extract/essential oils per kg of concentrate. Individual milk yield was recorded weekly and feed refusals were recorded on a pen basis daily, during a six-week period of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for the chemical composition of protein, fat, lactose and solids-not-fat constituents, somatic cell counts and total viable bacteria counts. Moreover, the milk of each group was used for yoghurt and Feta cheese production. The lipid oxidative stability, protein carbonyl content and fatty acid composition of milk, yoghurt and cheese samples were also evaluated. The results showed that the incorporation of novel plant extracts and essential oils increased the milk production per ewe. Dietary supplementation with cornus extracts and essential oils lowered lipid and protein oxidation in milk, yoghurt and cheese samples, compared to the control. However, diet supplementation with herbal extracts did not affect the fatty acid profile in milk, cheese and yoghurt or the serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with cornus in combination with oregano and thyme has the potential to improve feed utilization and the performance of high-yield dairy Chios cross-bred ewes reared under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kalaitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Erasmia Sidiropoulou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Olga Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Ioannis Mourtzinos
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas Moschakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (I.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Zoitsa Basdagianni
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stylianos Vasilopoulos
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
| | | | - Diamanto Lazari
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (O.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (K.K.); (E.S.); (S.V.)
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Vizzotto EF, Stivanin SCB, de Paris M, Passos LT, Werncke D, Klein CP, Stone V, Matté C, Zanela MB, Fischer V. Supplementation with green tea and oregano extracts on productive characteristics, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status of Jersey cows during the transition period. Animal 2021; 15:100032. [PMID: 33573969 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts have been recognized as beneficial to human health and have been evaluated as feed additive for domestic and companion animals. This study evaluated oregano and green tea extracts fed to Jersey cows from approximately 21 d before calving to 21 d after calving on milk production, milk composition, and blood metabolites as well as investigated immunological and antioxidant attributes. Twenty-four Jersey cows with 441 ± 27 kg of BW, 3.5 ± 0.3 of body condition score (BCS), and 2.7 ± 1.8 lactations were selected at approximately 28 d before the expected parturition date and were randomly assigned to three treatments with eight cows each: without plant extracts in diet (control - CON), addition of 10 g per day of oregano extract (OR), and addition of 5 g per day of green tea extract (GT). Feed intake, BW, BCS, blood metabolites, hemogram as well as oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated from approximately 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum (transition period) while milk production and composition were evaluated during the first 3 weeks of lactation. Plant extracts did not change BW, BCS, and DM intake (DMI) throughout the transition period, but OR increased in approximately 20% total digestive nutrients and metabolizable energy intake on days 15 and 16 postpartum compared with CON. In the prepartum, OR increased in 48% platelets count compared to the CON, while GT augmented in 142% eosinophils compared with CON. Oregano extract reduced the levels of reactive species in the erythrocytes in 40% during prepartum and postpartum compared with CON, while GT reduced its levels in 24 and 29% during prepartum and postpartum, respectively, when compared with CON. In the postpartum period, OR increased in 60% the carbonylated protein content compared with CON, while GT reduced in 45% the levels of reactive species in plasma compared with CON. During the postpartum, both extracts increased in 33% the concentration of reduced glutathione when compared with CON. Moreover, GT tended to decrease feed efficiency in 11% when compared with CON; OE reduced milk pH and somatic cell count when compared with CON. In conclusion, OE and GT did not expressively affect immunological attributes in blood but reduce some oxidative stress biomarkers without compromising productive traits of Jersey cows during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Vizzotto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S C B Stivanin
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M de Paris
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L T Passos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - D Werncke
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C P Klein
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - V Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Matté
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2600, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M B Zanela
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) - Temperate Climate, Highway BR-392, Km 78, 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - V Fischer
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves Avenue, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Composition, antioxidant capacity, intestinal, and immunobiological effects of oregano (Lippia palmeri Watts) in goats: preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:101. [PMID: 33417070 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Lippia palmeri Watt (oregano) phytochemical compounds, their antioxidant capacity, and immunological effects on goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and on the presence of intermediate polar compounds in goat feces fed dietary oregano. The polar and nonpolar fractions of L. palmeri W. were characterized and phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity were determined. Twelve healthy Anglo-Nubian goats were used for the in vivo trials, which were randomly assigned to control fed with basal diet, or oregano group fed with basal diet + 2.6% (DM basis) dried oregano leaves. Goat peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were isolated for the in vitro study, and PBL were stimulated with oregano extracts at 100 and 150 μg/mL after 24 h. For the in vivo trial, dietary oregano (2.6% on DM basis) was evaluated in the goats for 90 days. Relatively high abundance of carvacrol and thymol phytochemical compounds was found in oregano. The highest antioxidant capacity of oregano extracts was detected at 100 and 150 μg/mL. Nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, and superoxide dismutase activities increased (p < 0.05) in stimulated PBL with oregano extracts, whereas the pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and IL-1β) transcription and antioxidant (CAT and GPX-4) genes downregulated. In the in vivo experiment, dietary oregano enabled the detection of nine compounds found in goat feces, from which caproic (C6) was in a high relative quantity compared with the control group. Oregano has phytochemical compounds with strong antioxidant capacity that protect cells against oxidative stress damage and could modulate immune response and feces composition in goats.
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de Paris M, Stivanin S, Klein C, Vizzotto E, Passos L, Angelo I, Zanela M, Stone V, Matté C, Heisler G, Fischer V. Calves fed with milk from cows receiving plant extracts improved redox status. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The Applications of Origanum Vulgare and Its Derivatives in Human, Ruminant and Fish Nutrition – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Origanum vulgare L. is an aromatic enduring herb that belongs to Lamiaceae family. The bioactive constituents of this herb, such as carvacrol and thymol possess several medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-neoplastic, and immune modulatory. Moreover, it is considered a standard natural, less toxic, and residue free feed additive, that is successfully used in livestock and fish. Additionally, in human, Origanum vulgare is extensively used with promising health benefits against respiratory, digestive and urinary disorders. This review casts light on description, chemical composition and structure of Origanum vulgare, as well as its therapeutic applications in human and its biological activities in ruminants and fish, data that will be possibly useful for physiologists, nutritionists and veterinarians.
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Correddu F, Lunesu MF, Buffa G, Atzori AS, Nudda A, Battacone G, Pulina G. Can Agro-Industrial By-Products Rich in Polyphenols be Advantageously Used in the Feeding and Nutrition of Dairy Small Ruminants? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010131. [PMID: 31947543 PMCID: PMC7022336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the Mediterranean area, where dairy sheep and goats are widespread, the use of by-products in the diet of small ruminants is an ancient practice. Today the great availability of industrial by-products produced at the local level (e.g., grape, olive, tomato and myrtle residues), appears to be a promising strategy for reducing competition with human edible foods and the cost of off-farm produced feeds since they are imported worldwide. Moreover, these co-feeds can contribute to reducing the ecological and water footprint associated with crop cultivation. The presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, confers added value to these materials. Several positive aspects are apparent when such by-products are included in the diets of small dairy ruminants, in particular on ruminal metabolism, animal health, and the quality of derived products. Abstract Recently, the interest in industrial by-products produced at the local level in Mediterranean areas, resulting from fruit and vegetable processes, has increased because of their considerable amounts of bioactive compounds, including polyphenols. In this review, we analyze the most recent scientific results concerning the use of agro-industrial by-products, naturally rich in polyphenols (BPRP), in the diets of small dairy ruminants. Effects on milk production, milk and rumen liquor fatty acid profile, metabolic parameters, and methane production are reviewed. The feed intake and digestibility coefficients were generally depressed by BPRP, even though they were not always reflected in the milk yield. The main observed positive effects of BPRP were on quality of the milk’s FA profile, antioxidant activity in milk and blood, a reduction of rumen ammonia, and, consequently, a reduction of milk and blood urea. The expected beneficial effects of dietary polyphenols in small ruminants were not always observed because of their complex and variable matrices. However, owing to the large quantities of these products available at low prices, the use of BPRB in small ruminant nutrition offers a convenient solution to the valorization of residues arising from agricultural activities, reducing feed costs for farmers and conferring added value to dairy products at the local level, in a sustainable way.
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Li Y, Chen D, Li J, Zhang XX, Wang CF, Wang JM. Changes in superoxide dismutase activity postpartum from Laoshan goat milk and factors influencing its stability during processing. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2018.1448306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Di Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Xi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Cun-Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Min Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Analysis of polyphenols in brewer's spent grain and its comparison with corn silage and cereal brans commonly used for animal nutrition. Food Chem 2017; 239:385-401. [PMID: 28873583 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) could be tested as an alternative source of polyphenols in animal nutrition. Proper extraction and analytical methods are critical for quantification. Thus, extraction for BSG, corn silage, and brans of rice, corn, and wheat were studied for the highest yield of polyphenols. A method for 18 phenolic monomers by HPLC-DAD was developed, validated, and applied to samples. An aqueous solution of NaOH (0.75% w/v) using integral samples for extraction resulted in the highest values for colorimetric measurements in all analyzed sources. Method by maceration showed the highest phenolic yield when applied in corn silage and BSG. However, for brans the best method was microwave assisted. Results from HPLC-DAD analysis clearly showed that native structures of phenolic compounds were simplified to its monomers allowing quantification and sample discrimination. BSG had the highest concentration of polyphenols and could be a promising and innovative source for animal feed studies.
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Oregano Extract Added into the Diet of Dairy Heifers Changes Feeding Behavior and Concentrate Intake. ScientificWorldJournal 2017; 2016:8917817. [PMID: 28116344 PMCID: PMC5223031 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8917817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to describe the effects of Oregano extract (OE) inclusion into the concentrate fed to dairy heifers on physiological parameters, feeding behavior, intake, and performance. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly distributed into four treatments: C = control, without addition of OE; OE2.5 = 2.5 g; OE5.0 = 5.0 g and OE7.5 = 7.5 g of Oregano extract per heifer/day. Feeding behavior and concentrate intake were assessed individually every day and total dry matter intake (DMI) was determined on the last week of the trial. Compared to control group, OE7.5 reduced by 32% the latency time to approach the feed bunk but increased by 6% the time spent eating the concentrate. Each inclusion of 2.5 grams of OE into the concentrate increased the occurrence of postingestive licking the feed bunk with abundant saliva production 1.2 times (P < 0.01) and tended to increase the occurrence of sneeze events 1.2 times (P < 0.10). No statistical difference was detected between treatments for total DMI, but concentrate DMI was 9% lower for OE7.5 when compared to control and OE2.5. The inclusion of 7.5 grams/day of OE causes small but negative effects in feeding behavior and concentrate intake, without change on total dry matter intake.
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Ghavipanje N, Nasri MF, Farhangfar H, Modaresi J. In situ, in vitro and in vivo nutritive value assessment of Barberry leaf as a roughage for goat feeding. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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