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Lima VGO, da Silva LO, de Freitas Júnior JE, Alba HDR, Silva WP, Pina DDS, Leite LC, Rodrigues CS, Santos SA, Becker CA, de Carvalho GGP. Soybean Oil, Linoleic Acid Source, in Lamb Diets: Intake, Digestibility, Performance, Ingestive Behaviour, and Blood Metabolites. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2075. [PMID: 39061537 PMCID: PMC11274205 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of soybean oil inclusion in diets on feeding behaviour, digestibility, performance, and blood metabolites of feedlot lambs. Forty non-castrated Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 5 months and initial body weight of 34.88 ± 3.19 kg were used in a 40-day feeding trial. The lambs were distributed in five experimental diets with the inclusion of increasing soybean oil (SO) levels: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 g/kg DM. The SO inclusion promoted a linear reduction in DM intake (p < 0.001), crude protein (CP, p < 0.001), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC, p < 0.001), and total digestible nutrients (TDN, p = 0.004). There was an increasing quadratic effect on the intake of ether extract (EE; p = 0.002) and decreasing for neutral detergent fiber (p = 0.005). The soybean oil inclusion promoted the greater apparent digestibility of CP (p = 0.016), EE (p = 0.005), NDFom (p < 0.001), and TDN (p < 0.001); on the other hand, the apparent digestibility of NFC (p = 0.005) was decreased. The average daily gain decreased (p < 0.001) with SO inclusion. The SO inclusion increased feeding time (p = 0.004), reduced the efficiency of DM rumination (p = 0.001), and reduced the concentration of blood N-ureic (p < 0.001). Considering the productive parameters, SO can be included in diets and it is recommended that we include SO of up to 41 g/kg DM in diets for fattening lambs as the ideal maximum level. The strategy implemented to adapt lambs to increasing levels of high-fat diet mitigated the detrimental effects of lipids on the rumen, with high-density energy intake being the constraining factor on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. O. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Liliane O. da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - José E. de Freitas Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Henry D. R. Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Willian P. Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Douglas dos S. Pina
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Laudí C. Leite
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas 44380000, Brazil;
| | - Carlindo S. Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Stefanie A. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Carly A. Becker
- Penn State Extension, College of Agricultural Science, Pen State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Gleidson G. P. de Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador 40170110, Brazil; (V.G.O.L.); (L.O.d.S.); (J.E.d.F.J.); (H.D.R.A.); (W.P.S.); (D.d.S.P.); (C.S.R.); (S.A.S.)
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de Paula MFFV, Marques RS, Pires AV, Soares LCB, Limede AC, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM. Effect of forage quality and narasin inclusion on ruminal fermentation, nutrient intake, and total tract digestibility of Nellore steers. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae107. [PMID: 39100920 PMCID: PMC11296766 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of forage quality and narasin inclusion on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation of Nellore steers. Twenty-eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (initial body weight [BW] = 350 ± 32.4 kg) were allocated to individual pens in a randomized complete block design, with 7 blocks, defined according to the fasting BW at the beginning of the experiment. The steers were randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 4 experimental diets in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements, being the first-factor forage quality (MEDIUM = 81 g of CP/kg of dry matter [DM], and HIGH = 153 g of CP/kg of DM), and the second factor was the inclusion (N13 = diet plus 13 mg/kg of DM of narasin) or not (N0) of narasin (Zimprova; Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). The experiment consisted of a 28-d period with 22 d for adaptation and the last 6 d for data collection. No haylage quality × narasin interaction (P ≥ 0.68) was observed on DM and nutrient intake. Haylage quality affected (P ≤ 0.01) DM intake, with greater values observed for steers fed HIGH compared with MEDIUM haylage. There was an increase (P < 0.001) in OM, NDF, hemicellulose, and CP intake for steers consuming HIGH vs. MEDIUM haylage. Including N13 did not affect (P > 0.39) DM and nutrient intake of steers. No haylage quality × narasin interactions were detected (P ≥ 0.60) for total tract nutrient digestibility. However, steers fed with HIGH haylage showed an increase (P > 0.001) in DM and digestibility of all nutrients compared with MEDIUM. Steers fed a MEDIUM haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of acetate compared with steers fed HIGH during all evaluated hours. Steers fed HIGH haylage had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate at 0 h compared with steers consuming MEDIUM, whereas at 12 h, steers consuming MEDIUM hay had a greater (P < 0.01) proportion of propionate vs. HIGH haylage. A haylage quality × narasin and haylage quality × time of collection interactions were detected (P ≤ 0.03) for rumen ammonia concentration, which was reduced (P < 0.03) in N13 vs. N0 steers consuming HIGH haylage. Collectively, high-quality haylage allows increased consumption and digestibility, with more energy-efficient ruminal fermentation. In addition, narasin might be an important nutritional tool in forage-based diets to enhance the ruminal fermentation parameters of Bos indicus Nellore steers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-000, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Cintra Limede
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz,” University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Biology and Animal Science, São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho,” Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
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Toledo AF, Dantas JG, Barboza RDF, Tomaluski CR, Oliveira ICR, Carvalho NI, Marino ED, Polizel DM, Miller-Cushon EK, Bittar CMM. Forage sources in total mixed rations early in life influence performance, metabolites, and behavior of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3601-3613. [PMID: 38216044 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of forage inclusion and sources on performance, metabolism, and feeding behavior of dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves were blocked and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments according to sex and BW at 28 d of life to determine the effects of feeding forage sources (ensiled and dry), with different quality on performance, metabolites, and behavior. Treatments consisted of a no-forage coarsely ground starter (CON); or total mixed ration (TMR) containing 7.5% on a dry matter (DM) basis of Tifton hay of either medium quality (MH) or low quality (LH); or 10% on a DM basis of corn silage (CS). During the first 28 d of life, all calves received 3 L of whole milk twice daily, a commercial pelleted starter and no forage, and water ad libitum. After that, the solid diet was changed to the respective dietary treatments. Calves were gradually weaned from 52 to 56 d of age, and followed for 14 d postweaning. Individual solid feed and milk intakes were recorded daily, and BW and metabolic indicators of intermediate metabolism were recorded weekly. Behavior was recorded, and the analysis was conducted on wk 7 (preweaning) and 10 (postweaning). Solid feed intake increased at wk 7 and 8 when MH, LH, and CS were included in TMR; the same results were observed postweaning. The diets did not affect the average daily gain and BW, but the feed efficiency increased with the CON diet. The β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was greater in calves receiving TMR-containing forage than CON diet. Furthermore, calves supplemented with forage had a greater rumination time. In conclusion, all forage sources included in the TMR showed feed intake and behavior benefits, reinforcing the need for fiber from forage in pre- and postweaning diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Toledo
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - J G Dantas
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - R D F Barboza
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - C R Tomaluski
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - I C R Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - N I Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - E D Marino
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - D M Polizel
- Department of Animal Production, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira 15358-900, Brazil
| | - E K Miller-Cushon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - C M M Bittar
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-260, Brazil.
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de Oliveira FL, Morzelle MC, Moretti MMDS, Casarotti SN. Fermentation of araticum, baru, and pequi by-products by probiotic strains: effects on microorganisms, short-chain fatty acids, and bioactive compounds. Lett Appl Microbiol 2023; 76:ovad092. [PMID: 37533204 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Fruit by-products, due to their unique chemical composition containing dietary fibers and bioactive compounds, may favor the growth of probiotic strains. This study evaluated the fermentation of araticum, baru, and pequi by-products using Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5, LA3, and NCFM) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb-12) probiotic strains. We assessed probiotic viability, short-chain fatty acid levels, and bioactive compound levels after 48 h of fermentation. Araticum and pequi by-products led to counts higher than 6 log CFU/mL after 48-h fermentation for all Lactobacillus strains, but only the araticum by-product supported the growth of the Bb-12 strain. Fermentation of araticum by-product resulted in greater amounts of acetate (39.97 mM for LA3 and 39.08 mM for NCFM) and propionate (0.20 mM for NCFM), while baru by-product showed greater amounts of butyrate (0.20 mM for La-5 and Bb-12). Fermentation of araticum and baru by-products resulted in an increase in bioactive compounds, with the latter showing total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from 1.4 to 1.7 and from 1.3 to 3.1 times higher, respectively, than the negative control treatment. Araticum by-product exhibited a higher potential for prebiotic effects, and fermentation by the tested probiotic strains is essential to increase bioactive compound levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fellipe Lopes de Oliveira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Federal University of Mato Grosso-UFMT, Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria de Souza Moretti
- São Paulo State University-UNESP, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Neves Casarotti
- Federal University of Rondonópolis-UFR, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rondonópolis, MT 78736-900, Brazil
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Júnior DTV, de Amorim Rodrigues G, Soares MH, Silva CB, Frank EO, Gonzalez-Vega JC, Htoo JK, Brand HG, Silva BAN, Saraiva A. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32540 improves performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs fed diets containing different fiber sources. Livest Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Evaluation of the Influence of Coprophagic Behavior on the Digestibility of Dietary Nutrients and Fecal Fermentation Products in Adult Dogs. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120686. [PMID: 36548846 PMCID: PMC9783008 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coprophagia is a common and undesirable behavior observed in dogs; however, little is known about its causes or possible consequences when analysis of the animal's feces is needed for experimental purposes. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of coprophagy on digestibility, fecal pH, and fermentative metabolites. Twelve healthy dogs with a mean age of 3.50 ± 1.45 years were included and divided into two groups: coprophagic (COP) and non-coprophagic (NCOP). The study lasted 30 days, the last 6 days being used to collect feces for the analysis of the apparent digestibility of coefficients (ADC), fecal pH, and the concentration of short- and branched-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and fecal lactic acid. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software. No differences were observed for most variables, except for the ADC of nitrogen-free extract (NFE), which presented the highest average for the COP. This result should be interpreted with caution, as the NFE is estimated from calculations and was not determined in the laboratory; in addition, the results represent not only starch and sugars but also some parts referring to fibers. Therefore, coprophagy seemed not to influence the fecal variables analyzed.
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Dias Junior PCG, dos Santos IJ, Gasparina JM, Bandoria NA, Soares LC, da Silva AL, de Assis RG, Polizel DM, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Essential oil from Arnica montana alters the protein metabolism in lambs fed with high-concentrate diets. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Grigoletto NTS, Takiya CS, Bugoni M, Nunes AT, Junior PCV, Chesini RG, da Silva GG, Mariane dos Santos F, Rennó FP. Influence of encapsulated pepper on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and performance in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dias BGC, Santos FAP, Meschiatti M, Brixner BM, Almeida AA, Queiroz O, Cappellozza BI. Effects of feeding different probiotic types on metabolic, performance, and carcass responses of Bos indicus feedlot cattle offered a high-concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac289. [PMID: 36055763 PMCID: PMC9584148 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of different probiotic combinations on rumen fermentation characteristics, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot Bos indicus beef bulls offered a high-concentrate diet. In experiment 1, 30 rumen-fistulated Nellore steers were blocked by initial body weight (BW = 350 ± 35.0 kg) and within blocks (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to receive: 1) high-concentrate diet without probiotic supplementation (n = 10; CONT), 2) CONT plus 1 g per head of a probiotic mixture containing three strains of Enterococcus faecium and one strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3.5 × 109 CFU/g; n = 10; EFSC), and 3) CONT plus 2 g per head of a probiotic mixture containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (3.2 × 109 CFU/g; n = 10; BLBS). The experimental period lasted 35 d, being 28 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. From day 34 to day 35 of the experimental period, ruminal fluid and fecal samples were collected every 3 h, starting immediately before feeding (0 h) for rumen fermentation characteristics and apparent nutrient digestibility analysis, respectively. In experiment 2, 240 Nellore bulls were ranked by initial shrunk BW (375 ± 35.1 kg), assigned to pens (n = 4 bulls per pen), and pens randomly assigned to receive the same treatments as in experiment 1 (n = 20 pens per treatment). Regardless of treatment, all bulls received the same step-up and finishing diets throughout the experimental period, which lasted 115 d. In both experiments, data were analyzed as orthogonal contrasts to partition-specific treatment effects: 1) probiotic effect: CONT vs. PROB and 2) probiotic type: EFSC vs. BLBS (SAS Software Inc.). In experiment 1, no contrast effects were observed on nutrient intake, overall nutrient digestibility, and rumen fermentation analyses (P ≥ 0.13). Nonetheless, supplementation of probiotics, regardless of type (P = 0.59), reduced mean acetate:propionate ratio and rumen ammonia-N concentration vs. CONT (P ≤ 0.05). In experiment 2, no significant effects were observed for final BW and dry matter intake (P ≥ 0.12), but average daily gain and feed efficiency tended to improve (P ≤ 0.10) when probiotics were offered to the animals. Probiotic supplementation or type of probiotic did not affect carcass traits (P ≥ 0.22). In summary, supplementation of probiotics containing a mixture of E. faecium and S. cerevisiae or a mixture of B. licheniformis and B. subtilis reduced rumen acetate:propionate ratio and rumen ammonia-N levels and tended to improve the performance of feedlot cattle offered a high-concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno G C Dias
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio A P Santos
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Murillo Meschiatti
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Bárbara M Brixner
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alecsander A Almeida
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
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Calaca A, Figueiredo C, Silva M, Fernandes J, Fernandes M, Silva L, Couto V. Effect of a Bacillus probiotic strain on Nellore cattle finished on pasture during the dry season. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Yavari M, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, Mirzaei M, Hossein Yazdi M. Supplementation of n-3 fatty acid and ruminal undegradable to degradable protein ratio in young lambs raised under heat condition: effects on growth performance and urinary purine derivatives. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:212. [PMID: 35689115 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03195-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of supplementation alpha-linolenic fatty acid source (ALA) with different rumen undegradable to degradable protein ratios [low ratio (LR) = 26:74; high ratio (HR) = 36:64 based on CP%] on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, animal feeding behavior, and urinary purine derivatives (PD) in young lambs during hot season. Forty 10-day-old lambs (averaging body weight of 7.9 ± 0.8 kg) were used in a completely randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement as following treatments (10 lambs/treatment): (1) no n-3 FA supplementation with LR diet (NALA-LR), (2) no ALA supplementation with HR diet (NALA-HR), (3) supplementation of ALA with LR diet (ALA-LR), and (4) supplementation of ALA with HR diet (ALA-HR). Results showed that ALA supplementation slightly increased feed efficiency (FE; tendency, P = 0.076), improved fecal score (P = 0.045), and reduced rectal temperature (tendency, P = 0.064) during pre-weaning period. The HR diets improved average daily gain (ADG; P < 0.01), wither height (post-weaning; P = 0.015), and final BW (P = 0.048) compared with LR diets. The greatest ADG (pre-weaning; P = 0.012), structural growth, and the lowest urinary nitrogen exertion (P = 0.043) were found in the ALA-HR treatment. No change was found for ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and animal behavior in lambs fed different experimental treatments. In summary, results indicated that concurrent feeding of ALA and high dietary RUP:RDP ratio can be recommendable that is likely due to more efficient nitrogen utilization when young lambs are raised during hot season. HIGHLIGHTS: • The interaction of n-3 FA and nitrogen was evaluated in pre-weaning lambs raised under heat condition. • Supplementation of n-3 FA increased FE and improved fecal score in heat-exposed lambs during pre-weaning period. • The high RUP:RDP ratio improved skeletal growth during post-weaning period. • Concurrent feeding of n-3 FA and high dietary RUP:RDP ratio is recommendable in young lambs raised during hot season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yavari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hossein Yazdi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
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Vellano IHB, Milbradt EL, Polizel DM, Oro C, Paz IC, Padovani CR, Gross L, Silva TM, Hataka A, Filho RLA. Comparison of microbiological, pathological and zootechnical aspects between broiler chickens and turkeys challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Oliveira GB, Polizel DM, Bertoloni AV, Ferraz MVC, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Martins AS, Pasqualino LF, Biava JS, Ferreira EM, Pires AV. Frequency of narasin intake affects ruminal metabolism and growth of lambs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/an20418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Thanh LP, Phakachoed N, Suksombat W, Loor JJ, Hang TTT. Partial substitution of fish oil for linseed oil enhances beneficial fatty acids from rumen biohydrogenation but reduces ruminal fermentation and digestibility in growing goats. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab116. [PMID: 34377951 PMCID: PMC8345834 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate effects of partial replacement of fish oil (FO) for linseed oil (LO) on digestibility, ruminal fermentation and biohydrogenation in growing goats. Experiment 1 was carried out in four growing male goats aged 6 months in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Goats were fed a basal diet supplemented with 25 g/kg dry matter either LO alone or in combination with tuna FO. Treatments were developed by replacing FO for LO at ratios of 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/kg DM corresponding to FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 and FO-15, respectively. Experiment 2 was carried out in an in vitro incubation system including 12 fermenters with the same four treatments. Each fermenter consisted of 40 mL goat ruminal fluid, 160 mL warm buffer, 2 g mixed substrates, and 50 mg FO-0, FO-5, FO-10 or FO-15. Fish oil inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) digestibility and nitrogen retention in Experiment 1. Increasing doses of FO in the diet induced a strong drop (P < 0.001) in ruminal total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and protozoa population at 3 h post incubation, but did not affect individual VFA proportions. Substitution of FO for LO decreased mean concentrations of C18:0 (P = 0.057), c-9,c-12 C18:2 and C18:3n-3 (P < 0.001), but increased (P < 0.001) C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3. Feeding FO-10 enhanced formation of ruminal c-9,t-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration compared with FO-0. Overall, combined data suggest that to improve ruminal concentrations of C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3, and c-9,t-11 CLA for deposition in tissues or milk with minimal risk of affecting digestibility and ruminal fermentation, a dietary supplementation of 15 g/kg LO and 10 g/kg FO would be suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Phuoc Thanh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Can Tho University, Ninh Kieu, Can Tho 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Noppharat Phakachoed
- Department of Animal Production Technology, Kalasin University, Mueang, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
| | - Wisitiporn Suksombat
- Technopolis, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinoi at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tran Thi Thuy Hang
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Can Tho University, Phung Hiep, Hau Giang 95000, Viet Nam
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Soares LCB, Marques RS, Vaz Pires A, Cruz VA, Limede AC, Maia KDS, Baggio M, Barroso JPR, Biava JS, Maia Ferreira E, Ferraz Jr MVDC, Polizel DM. Effects of narasin supplementation frequency on intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and nutrient digestibility of Bos indicus Nellore steers fed with forage-based diets. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab125. [PMID: 34409265 PMCID: PMC8369252 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate if the frequency of narasin supplementation impacts dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation parameters, and apparent digestibility of nutrient in Nellore (Bos indicus) steers fed forage-based diets. A total of 32 rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (initial body weight [BW] = 317 ± 27 kg; age =18 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) forage-based diet without the addition of narasin (CON; n = 8), 2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin every 24 h (N24; n = 8), 3) CON diet plus 26 ppm of narasin every 48 hours (N48; n = 8), or 4) CON diet plus 39 ppm of narasin every 72 hours (N72; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 30 d, with 18 d for diet adaptation and 12 d for sample collection. The experimental diets contained 95% of Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon spp.) haylage and 5% ground corn used as a delivery vehicle for narasin. Ruminal fluid was obtained from d 25 to 30 at 6 h after feeding to determine ruminal fermentation parameters. Narasin supplementation frequency did not affect (P ≥ 0.22) nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Steers fed N24 and N48 had reduced (P = 0.02) ruminal acetate concentration compared with CON and N72. Daily supply of narasin increased (P = 0.01) the molar proportion of propionate compared with CON and N72, and it did not differ between N24 vs. N48, N48 vs. N72, and N72 vs. CON. Also, N48 steers had greater (P = 0.01) rumen propionate concentration compared with CON. The N24 treatment decreased the Ac:Prop (P = 0.01) and AcBut:Prop (P = 0.02) ratio compared with CON and N72, while N48 had reduced (P = 0.01) Ac:Prop and AcBut:Prop ratio when compared with CON steers. Steers fed N24 and N48 had greater (P = 0.04) ruminal short-chain fatty acids compared with CON, but it did not differ (P > 0.11) between N24, N48, and N72. Supplementing narasin to steers fed forage-based diets decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentration compared with CON steers regardless of supplementation frequency, being the least result observed for N24 steers. Collectively, narasin supplementation frequency affected fermentation parameters without altering the nutrient intake and total tract apparent digestibility. Hence, decreasing frequency of narasin supplementation to Nellore steers fed a forage-based diet did not reduce the capacity to modulate rumen fermentation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418–900, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Alves Cruz
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Arnaldo Cintra Limede
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Kauê dos Santos Maia
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Baggio
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-000, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Roman Barroso
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Sokolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418–900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418–900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-000, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture “Luiz de Queiroz”, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418–900, Brazil
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16
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Limede AC, Marques RS, Polizel DM, Cappellozza BI, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Storti Martins A, Sardinha LA, Baggio M, Pires AV. Effects of supplementation with narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin on performance and ruminal fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus Nellore cattle fed with forage-based diets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6231516. [PMID: 33861855 PMCID: PMC8051843 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inclusion of narasin, salinomycin, or flavomycin for 140 d on ruminal fermentation parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and performance of Nellore cattle offered a forage-based diet. In experiment 1, 32 rumen-cannulated Bos indicus Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 220 ± 12.6 kg] were assigned to individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial shrunk BW. Within block, animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) forage-based diet without feed additives (CON; n = 8), (2) CON diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (NAR; n = 8), (3) CON diet plus 20 ppm of salinomycin (SAL; n = 8), or (4) CON diet plus 3 ppm of flavomycin (FLA; n = 8). The experimental period lasted 140 d and was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. The inclusion of feed additives did not impact (P ≥ 0.17) dry matter intake (DMI), nutrient intake, and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients. Nonetheless, steers fed NAR had lower (P < 0.01) molar proportion of acetate compared with CON, SAL, and FLA steers, whereas ruminal acetate tended to be greater (P < 0.09) for SAL vs. CON and FLA, but did not differ (P = 0.68) between CON vs. FLA steers. Ruminal propionate was the highest (P < 0.01) for steers fed NAR and did not differ (P > 0.20) between CON, SAL, and FLA. Consequently, NAR steers had the lowest (P < 0.01) Ac:Pr ratio, whereas Ac:Pr did not differ (P > 0.18) among CON, SAL, and FLA. Total volatile fatty acids were greater (P < 0.04) for NAR and CON vs. SAL and FLA, but did not differ (P > 0.67) among NAR vs. CON and SAL vs. FLA. In experiment 2, 164 Nellore bulls (initial shrunk BW = 299 ± 2.5 kg) were assigned to feedlot pens for 140 d in a randomized complete block design. Within block (n = 10), animals were randomly assigned to the same treatments used in experiment 1. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in NAR vs. CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, and did not differ (P > 0.12) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Bulls fed NAR had greater (P < 0.02) DMI (as kg/d or % BW) and final shrunk BW compared with CON, SAL, and FLA bulls, whereas DMI and final shrunk BW did not differ (P > 0.26) between CON, SAL, and FLA bulls. Feed efficiency, however, was not impacted (P = 0.51) by any feed additives used herein. Collectively, narasin was the only feed additive that benefited performance and ruminal fermentation of Nellore animals fed a forage-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Cintra Limede
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Marques
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Arantes Miszura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Roman Barroso
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - André Storti Martins
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Lairana Aline Sardinha
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Baggio
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil
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Tomaz LDA, Niehues MB, Baldassini WA, Castagnino P, Bertoco JPA, van Cleef E, Ezequiel J, Arrigoni MDB, Martins CL, Neto ORM. Increasing levels of de-oiled wet distillers grains in feedlot diets on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and microbiology. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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da Silva Dias MS, Ghizzi LG, Marques JA, Nunes AT, Grigoletto NTS, Gheller LS, Silva TBP, Silva GG, Lobato DN, Costa E Silva LF, Rennó FP. Effects of organic acids in total mixed ration and feeding frequency on productive performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:5405-5416. [PMID: 33612209 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of organic acid (OA; Mold-Zap, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY) inclusion in the total mixed ration (TMR) and feeding frequency of TMR for lactating dairy cows on intake, total-tract apparent digestibility, sorting index, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, milk yield and composition, nitrogen balance, and serum metabolites. Twenty-four lactating Holstein cows, 4 with rumen cannulas, with (mean ± standard error) 247 ± 22.2 d in milk, 672 ± 14.6 kg of body weight, and 31.1 ± 1.09 kg of milk yield at the beginning of the experiment were used. The cows were distributed in a balanced and contemporary 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design and randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate OA [0 (OA-) or 0.5 (OA+) L of Mold-Zap/tonne of TMR on a natural matter basis] and feeding frequency of TMR offered once a day (1×) or twice a day (2×). Each experimental period lasted 21 d, with 14 d for acclimation and 7 d for data collection. The treatments were tested for TMR, in which its temperature was recorded every 2 h through a 24-h period in each experimental period. Organic acid-treated TMR showed a lower temperature during the 24-h period compared with nontreated TMR. The OA and feeding frequency had no effect on intake and total-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, aside from a tendency to increase neutral detergent fiber digestibility in cows fed 2×. Also, cows fed 1× tended to select more particles between 19 and 8 mm and refused particles smaller than 4 mm, whereas cows fed OA tended to select more particles smaller than 4 mm. Cows fed OA had greater milk yield and milk protein and lactose yields, but tended to have higher 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield. Neither treatment influenced ruminal and serum variables nor milk fat yield and milk production efficiency. Cows fed OA spent less time idling and tended to have lower rumination time, and tended to have higher time spent drinking water and eating, whereas animals fed 1× spent more time drinking water. Under the conditions of this experiment, we conclude that it was possible to reduce the feeding frequency of TMR, without negative effects on dairy cow performance. However, the use of OA resulted in higher milk yield and mitigated TMR temperature rise regardless of feeding frequency. The effect of external factors such as collective stimulation of intake and stage of lactation on feeding frequency effect must be surveyed in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro S da Silva Dias
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Lucas G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Júlia A Marques
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Alanne T Nunes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Nathália T S Grigoletto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Larissa S Gheller
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Tássia B P Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Guilherme G Silva
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900
| | - Daniel N Lobato
- Alltech do Brasil Agroindustrial LTDA, Maringá, Brazil 87030-405
| | | | - Francisco P Rennó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil 13635-900.
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19
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Gouvêa VND, Biehl MV, Ferraz Junior MVDC, Moreira EM, Faleiro Neto JA, Westphalen MF, Oliveira GB, Ferreira EM, Polizel DM, Pires AV. Effects of soybean oil or various levels of whole cottonseed on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal fermentation characteristics of finishing beef cattle. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Salvati GGS, Santos WP, Silveira JM, Gritti VC, Arthur BAV, Salvo PAR, Fachin L, Ribeiro AP, Morais Júnior NN, Ferraretto LF, Daniel JLP, Beauchemin KA, Santos FAP, Nussio LG. Effect of kernel processing and particle size of whole-plant corn silage with vitreous endosperm on dairy cow performance. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1794-1810. [PMID: 33309382 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kernel processing and theoretical length of cut (TLOC) of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) can affect feed intake, digestibility, and performance of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to evaluate for lactating dairy cows the effects of kernel processing and TLOC of WPCS with vitreous endosperm. The treatments were a pull-type forage harvester without kernel processor set for a 6-mm TLOC (PT6) and a self-propelled forage harvester with kernel processor set for a 6-mm TLOC (SP6), 12-mm TLOC (SP12), and 18-mm TLOC (SP18). Processing scores of the WPCS were 32.1% (PT6), 53.9% (SP6), 49.0% (SP12), and 40.1% (SP18). Twenty-four Holstein cows (139 ± 63 d in milk) were blocked and assigned to six 4 × 4 Latin squares with 24-d periods (18 d of adaptation). Diets were formulated to contain 48.5% WPCS, 15.5% citrus pulp, 15.0% dry ground corn, 9.5% soybean meal, 6.8% low rumen degradability soybean meal, 1.8% calcium soap of palm fatty acids (FA), 1.7% mineral and vitamin mix, and 1% urea (dry matter basis). Nutrient composition of the diets (% of dry matter) was 16.5% crude protein, 28.9% neutral detergent fiber, and 25.4% starch. Three orthogonal contrasts were used to compare treatments: effect of kernel processing (PT6 vs. SP6) and effect of TLOC (particle size; SP6 vs. SP12 and SP12 vs. SP18). Cows fed SP6 produced 1.2 kg/d greater milk yield with no changes in dry matter intake, resulting in greater feed efficiency compared with PT6. Cows fed SP6 also produced more milk protein (+36 g/d), lactose (+61 g/d), and total solids (+94 g/d) than cows fed PT6. The mechanism for increased yield of milk and milk components involved greater kernel fragmentation, starch digestibility, and glucose availability for lactose synthesis by the mammary gland. However, cows fed SP6 had lower chewing time and tended to have greater levels of serum amyloid A compared with PT6. Milk yield was similar for SP6 and SP12, but SP12 cows tended to have less serum amyloid A with greater chewing time. Cows fed SP18 had lower total-tract starch digestibility and tended to have lower plasma glucose and produce less milk compared with cows fed SP12. Compared with PT6, feeding SP6 raised linear odd-chain FA concentration in milk. Similarly, a reduction of these same FA occurred for SP12 compared with SP6. Cows fed SP6 had greater proportion of milk C14:1 and C16:1 compared with PT6 and SP12. Lesser trans C18:1 followed by greater C18:0 concentrations were observed for SP12 and PT6 compared with SP6, which is an indication of more complete biohydrogenation in the rumen. Under the conditions of this study, the use of a self-propelled forage harvester with kernel processing set for a 12-mm TLOC is recommended for WPCS from hybrids with vitreous endosperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G S Salvati
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - W P Santos
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - J M Silveira
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - V C Gritti
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - B A V Arthur
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - P A R Salvo
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L Fachin
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A P Ribeiro
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Itapina Campus, Colatina, ES 29717-000, Brazil
| | - N N Morais Júnior
- Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Itapina Campus, Colatina, ES 29717-000, Brazil
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53718
| | - J L P Daniel
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 87020900, Brazil
| | - K A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
| | - F A P Santos
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L G Nussio
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture - University of São Paulo Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
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Kandi M, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, HosseinYazdi M, Mirzaei M. Effects of Ca-salt of linseed oil supplementation and protein content in diet on performance, ruminal fermentation, microbial protein yield, and blood metabolites in young lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Effects of a blend of essential oils and exogenous α-amylase in diets containing different roughage sources for finishing beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Pasqualino LF, Oliveira GB, Miszura AA, Barroso JPR, Limede AC, Sardinha LA, Biava JS, Ferreira EM, Pires AV, Polizel DM. Residual effect of narasin on ruminal fermentation characteristics in lambs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Toledo AF, da Silva AP, Poczynek M, Coelho MG, Silva MD, Polizel DM, Reis ME, Virgínio GF, Millen DD, Bittar CMM. Whole-flint corn grain or tropical grass hay free choice in the diet of dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10083-10098. [PMID: 32952017 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tropical grass hay feeding is related to improved ruminal health; however, it may decrease energy intake. On the other hand, whole-flint corn grain may be an alternative fiber source in the diet of dairy calves. Forty-two Holstein calves were used in a randomized block design, considering sex, birth date, and weight at 21 d of age, when the supply of whole-flint corn grain or tropical grass hay started. Three component-fed solid diets were compared: (1) starter concentrate only during the preweaning and starter concentrate with free choice of chopped Tifton-85 hay postweaning (SC), (2) starter concentrate with free choice of chopped Tifton-85 hay pre- and postweaning (SCH), and (3) starter concentrate with free choice of whole-flint corn grain pre- and postweaning (SCW). The animals were evaluated from 21 to 84 d of age. Calves were managed equally during the first 21 d, fed with 6 L/d of whole milk and a commercial starter concentrate (46% nonfiber carbohydrates, small particles, and pelleted) ad libitum. After that, milk feeding was reduced to 4 L/d until gradual weaning at 56 d of age. At 56 d of age, 4 animals per treatment were randomly chosen to be slaughtered for digestive tract weight evaluation and to collect tissue for histological analysis of the ruminal wall, duodenum, and cecum, whereas the other 30 animals were weaned and evaluated for a further 22 d when the SC diet also received hay ad libitum. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight gain and metabolic indicators of intermediate metabolism were evaluated weekly. Ruminal fluid was collected at wk 6, 8, 10, and 12 of age. The SCH diet increased the total and starter dry matter intake, and consequently, the average daily gain and body weight at 56 d of age. The SCW diet promoted an increase in propionate and decreased acetate-to-propionate ratio. Morphometric variables were affected by the SCH diet. The postweaning performance was unaffected by solid diets; however, the SCW diet decreased ruminal and fecal pH. Feeding hay, starting at 21 d of age, can stimulate early solid diet intake, promoting better performance and ruminal and intestinal development, when a highly fermentable and small particle pelleted starter is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Toledo
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - A P da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - M Poczynek
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - M G Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - M D Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - D M Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - M E Reis
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - G F Virgínio
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900
| | - D D Millen
- Department of Animal Production, College of Technology and Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo, Brazil 17900-000
| | - C M M Bittar
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil 13418-900.
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Vicente J, Vallejo J, López-Aguirre S, Lee-Rangel H, Martínez-Hernández M, Paredes-Ramos P, Pinos-Rodríguez J. Dietary addition of soybean oil on performance, rumen fermentation and meat quality of finishing lambs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1791949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vicente
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Jordán Vallejo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Samuel López-Aguirre
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Héctor Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | | | - Pedro Paredes-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan Pinos-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
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Ribeiro A, Ferraz Junior M, Polizel D, Miszura A, Barroso J, Cunha A, Souza T, Ferreira E, Susin I, Pires A. Effect of thyme essential oil on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in wethers fed high concentrate diets. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oils (EO) on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in wethers fed with high-concentrate diet. Twenty rumen-cannulated wethers were blocked according to body weight (BW= 64.0±2.1kg), and received one of the following treatments: 25mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM; MON) or doses of thyme EO (1.25, 2.50 or 3.75g/kg of DM). The diet was composed of 90% concentrate. Thyme EO was composed mainly by thymol (46.6% of DM) and p-cymene (38.9% of DM). The nutrient intake and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. The inclusion of 3.75g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to increase butyrate compared to MON and 1.25OE and wethers fed with 1.25g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to decrease ruminal pH on the 14th day compared to MON. The treatments did not affect acetate:propionate ratio, total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and nitrogen retention. Results from this study suggest that adding thyme EO to high-concentrate diets may be used as an alternative to monensin as feed additive in feedlot lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.M. Polizel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brazil
| | | | | | - A.R. Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Brazil
| | - T.T. Souza
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brazil
| | - E.M. Ferreira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brazil
| | - I. Susin
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brazil
| | - A.V. Pires
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Brazil
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27
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Effects of soybean oil or various levels of whole cottonseed on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of finishing bulls. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Partial corn replacement by soybean hull, or hay supplementation: Effects of increased NDF in diet on performance, metabolism and behavior of pre-weaned calves. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Polizel DM, Cappellozza BI, Hoe F, Lopes CN, Barroso JP, Miszura A, Oliveira GB, Gobato L, Pires AV. Effects of narasin supplementation on dry matter intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers fed a high-forage diet. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:118-128. [PMID: 32704972 PMCID: PMC7200564 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of narasin on intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers offered a high-forage diet for 140 d. On day 0 of the study, 30 rumen-fistulated Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 281 ± 21 kg] were assigned to 30 individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial BW. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments: 1) forage-based diet without narasin (CONT; n = 10), 2) CONT diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (13NAR; n = 10), and 3) CONT diet plus 20 ppm of narasin (20NAR; n = 10). The forage used was Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon spp.), whereas the carrier for narasin was a 50:50 mixture of soybean hull:corn. The experimental period was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. Throughout the experimental period, total dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily, whereas mineral salt intake was recorded weekly. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 0 (prior to treatment feeding), 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 of the study. Moreover, total tract apparent nutrient digestibility was performed for a 5-d period every 28 d. No treatment effects were observed on forage, mineral, concentrate, or total DMI (P ≥ 0.22). Nonetheless, 13NAR tended to have a greater mineral intake vs. 20NAR cohorts (P = 0.08) Narasin-supplemented animals had reduced rumen acetate, Ac:Pr ratio, as well as greater (P ≤ 0.02) rumen propionate concentrations vs. CONT cohorts. Moreover, 13NAR increased rumen propionate and decreased butyrate, Ac:Pr vs. 20NAR cohorts (P ≤ 0.01). Throughout the experimental period, narasin-supplemented animals had reduced ammonia concentrations vs. CONT cohorts (P < 0.01), whereas no differences were observed between 13NAR and 20NAR (P = 0.80). No treatment or dose effects were observed (P ≥ 0.23) on DM, organic matter (OM), protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and mineral digestibility. Animals fed 13NAR had a reduced mean plasma urea concentration vs. CONT cohorts (P = 0.03), whereas no further differences were observed (P ≥ 0.12). In summary, narasin supplementation to beef steers offered a high-forage diet did not impact forage, mineral, and total DMI, as well as nutrient digestibility, whereas rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen ammonia, and plasma urea concentrations were positively impacted and lasted throughout the experimental period. Additionally, 13 ppm of narasin resulted in a reduced Ac:Pr ratio and rumen ammonia when compared to animals supplemented with 20 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Polizel
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - José Paulo Barroso
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Miszura
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela B Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gobato
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V Pires
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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30
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Ribeiro A, Ferraz Junior M, Polizel D, Miszura A, Gobato L, Barroso J, Susin I, Pires A. Thyme essential oil for sheep: effect on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and growth. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (EO) doses on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism, as well as performance and coccidia oocyst discharge. In experiment I, 20 rumen-cannulated wethers received the experimental diets containing 80% dry matter (DM) of haylage and 20% DM of concentrate. Treatments were 25mg of monensin/kg DM or doses of 1.25, 2.50, or 3.75g of thyme EO/kg DM. In experiment II, 50 ewe lambs received the same diets from experiment I, including a diet without feed additives. Wethers fed with diets containing 1.25g/kg DM of thyme EO had higher molar proportion of propionate (P= 0.03) and butyrate (P< 0.01), and lower (P= 0.04) acetate to propionate ratio than other treatments. Adding thyme EO to diets increased (P= 0.02) nitrogen retention compared to monensin. The performance of ewe lambs was not affected (P≥ 0.05) by treatments. However, lambs fed monensin had a lower (P= 0.04) number of coccidia oocyst discharge than others. Adding 1.25g/kg DM of thyme EO in high-forage diet improved ruminal fermentation. Thyme EO enhanced nitrogen metabolism, however, it did not improve performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D.M. Polizel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - I. Susin
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A.V. Pires
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Gallo S, Brochado T, Brochine L, Passareli D, Costa S, Bueno I, Balieiro J, Franzolin Neto R, Tedeschi L. Effect of biosurfactant added in two different oil source diets on lamb performance and ruminal and blood parameters. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary soybean oil and coated folic acid on ruminal digestion kinetics, fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and bacterial abundance in Jinnan beef steers. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Thanh LP, Phakachoed N, Meeprom C, Suksombat W. Replacement of fish oil for sunflower oil in growing goat diet induces shift of ruminal fermentation and fatty acid concentration without affecting intake and digestion. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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34
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Białek M, Czauderna M, Białek A. Partial replacement of rapeseed oil with fish oil, and dietary antioxidants supplementation affects concentrations of biohydrogenation products and conjugated fatty acids in rumen and selected lamb tissues. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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35
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Dias JD, Silva RB, Fernandes T, Barbosa EF, Graças LE, Araujo RC, Pereira RA, Pereira MN. Yeast culture increased plasma niacin concentration, evaporative heat loss, and feed efficiency of dairy cows in a hot environment. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5924-5936. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Puchala R, LeShure S, Gipson TA, Tesfai K, Flythe MD, Goetsch AL. Effects of different levels of lespedeza and supplementation with monensin, coconut oil, or soybean oil on ruminal methane emission by mature Boer goat wethers after different lengths of feeding. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1473253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Shirron LeShure
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Terry A. Gipson
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Kesete Tesfai
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
| | - Michael D. Flythe
- Forage Animal Production Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arthur L. Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK, USA
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37
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Ferreira EM, Ferraz MV, Polizel DM, Urano FS, Susin I, Gentil RS, Biehl MV, Biava JS, Pires AV. Milk yield and composition from ewes fed raw soybeans and their lambs’ performance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Vargas JE, Andrés S, Snelling TJ, López-Ferreras L, Yáñez-Ruíz DR, García-Estrada C, López S. Effect of Sunflower and Marine Oils on Ruminal Microbiota, In vitro Fermentation and Digesta Fatty Acid Profile. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1124. [PMID: 28676798 PMCID: PMC5476686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) investigated the changes in the ruminal microbiota and anaerobic fermentation in response to the addition of different lipid supplements to a ruminant diet. A basal diet with no oil added was the control, and the treatment diets were supplemented with sunflower oil (2%) only, or sunflower oil (2%) in combination with fish oil (1%) or algae oil (1%). Four fermentation units were used per treatment. RUSITEC fermenters were inoculated with rumen digesta. Substrate degradation, fermentation end-products (volatile fatty acids, lactate, gas, methane, and ammonia), and microbial protein synthesis were determined. Fatty acid profiles and microbial community composition were evaluated in digesta samples. Numbers of representative bacterial species and microbial groups were determined using qPCR. Microbial composition and diversity were based on T-RFLP spectra. The addition of oils had no effect on substrate degradation or microbial protein synthesis. Differences among diets in neutral detergent fiber degradation were not significant (P = 0.132), but the contrast comparing oil–supplemented diets with the control was significant (P = 0.039). Methane production was reduced (P < 0.05) with all oil supplements. Propionate production was increased when diets containing oil were fermented. Compared with the control, the addition of algae oil decreased the percentage C18:3 c9c12c15 in rumen digesta, and that of C18:2 c9t11 was increased when the control diet was supplemented with any oil. Marine oils decreased the hydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids. Microbial diversity was not affected by oil supplementation. Cluster analysis showed that diets with additional fish or algae oils formed a group separated from the sunflower oil diet. Supplementation with marine oils decreased the numbers of Butyrivibrio producers of stearic acid, and affected the numbers of protozoa, methanogens, Selenomonas ruminantium and Streptococcus bovis, but not total bacteria. In conclusion, there is a potential to manipulate the rumen fermentation and microbiota with the addition of sunflower, fish or algae oils to ruminant diets at appropriate concentrations. Specifically, supplementation of ruminant mixed rations with marine oils will reduce methane production, the acetate to propionate ratio and the fatty acid hydrogenation in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio E Vargas
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de LeónLeón, Spain.,Grupo CIENVET, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de CaldasManizales, Colombia
| | - Sonia Andrés
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de LeónLeón, Spain
| | - Timothy J Snelling
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de LeónLeón, Spain.,Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of AberdeenAberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de LeónLeón, Spain.,Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Secundino López
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de LeónLeón, Spain
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Parvar R, Ghoorchi T, Shargh MS. Influence of dietary oils on performance, blood metabolites, purine derivatives, cellulase activity and muscle fatty acid composition in fattening lambs. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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