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Lee H, Song J, Lee B, Cha J, Lee H. Food carbohydrates in the gut: structural diversity, microbial utilization, and analytical strategies. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2123-2140. [PMID: 39130670 PMCID: PMC11315866 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are a vital dietary component, undergo digestion and gut fermentation through microbial enzymes to produce beneficial short-chain fatty acids. Certain carbohydrates selectively modulate the gut microbiota, impacting host health. Carbohydrate-active enzymes within the gut microbiota significantly contribute to carbohydrate utilization and microbial diversity. Despite their importance, the structural complexity of carbohydrates poses analytical challenges. However, recent advancements, notably, mass spectrometry, have allowed for their characterization and functional analysis. This review examines the intricate relationship between dietary carbohydrates and the gut microbiota, highlighting the crucial role of advanced analytical techniques in understanding their diversity and implications. These advancements provide valuable insights into carbohydrate bioactivity. Integrating high-throughput analysis with next-generation sequencing provides deeper insights into gut microbial interactions, potentially revealing which carbohydrate structures are beneficial for gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyunJi Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Food Science and Technology, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340 Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHui Song
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Food Science and Technology, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340 Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Cha
- Department of Microbiology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
- Microbiological Resources Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Food Science and Technology, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340 Republic of Korea
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Rungruangsaphakun J, Ayimbila F, Nakphaichit M, Keawsompong S. Simulated Swine Digestion and Gut Microbiota Fermentation of Hydrolyzed Copra Meal. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1677. [PMID: 38891724 PMCID: PMC11171118 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of hydrolyzed copra meal (HCM) inclusion at 1% on its in vitro digestibility and the microbiota and cecum fermentation using the gut microbiota of weaned swine, targeting microbial community and short-chain fatty acids (SCF). For this reason, three treatments were considered: control (no copra meal), 1% non-hydrolyzed copra meal (CM), and 1% HCM. Non-defatted copra meal was hydrolyzed and analyzed (reducing sugars and total carbohydrates) in our laboratory. For digestion, microbiota identification, and fermentation assays, fresh fecal samples from two weaned pigs (1 month old) were used. Three replicates of each treatment were employed. HCM was more digestible, with approximately 0.68 g of hydrolysate recovered after simulated digestion compared to 0.82 g of hydrolysate recovered from CM. This was shown by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Also, the three swine shared the majority of microbial species identified at the phylum and family levels. There were no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments in the microbial community and SCFA during fermentation. However, higher Chao-1 and Shannon indexes were observed in CM and HCM treatments. HCM was also found to be capable of preserving Actinobacterota and Proteobacteria at the phylum level, while at the family level, both treatments may help Lactobacillaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae survive in the long term. Also, there was a potential trend of increasing acetic acid and butyric acid in the CM and HCM treatments. While HCM shows promise in potentially modulating the gut microbiota of weaned swine, additional research is required to investigate the effects of higher doses of HCM on swine performance parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurairat Rungruangsaphakun
- Specialized Research Unit: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.R.); (F.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Francis Ayimbila
- Specialized Research Unit: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.R.); (F.A.); (M.N.)
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Specialized Research Unit: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.R.); (F.A.); (M.N.)
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Suttipun Keawsompong
- Specialized Research Unit: Prebiotics and Probiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (J.R.); (F.A.); (M.N.)
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute of Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University (CASAF, NRU-KU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Qi H, Wang R, Wang C, Wang R, Shen J, Fang H, Zhang J. Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomics Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Corn-Steep-Liquor-Derived Candida utilis Feed on Black Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:306. [PMID: 38254475 PMCID: PMC10812819 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, glucose master liquor and corn steep liquor were used as carbon and nitrogen sources, and Candida utilis was used as a strain to ferment yeast feed. The OD value and number of yeast cells were used as response values to optimize the medium components of the yeast feed through a response surface methodology. The optimal medium components were a glucose master liquor concentration of 8.3%, a corn steep liquor concentration of 1.2%, and a KH2PO4 concentration of 0.14%. Under this condition of fermentation, the OD value was 0.670 and the number of yeast cells was 2.72 × 108/mL. Then, we fed Candida utilis feed to Dongliao black piglets, and the effects of the yeast feed on the piglets' growth performance, fecal microbiota, and plasma metabolic levels were investigated through 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics. In total, 120 black piglets with an average initial weight of 6.90 ± 1.28 kg were randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed the basic diet (the CON group), and the other was supplemented with 2.5% Candida utilis add to the basic diet (the 2.5% CU group). After a pre-feeding period, the formal experiments were performed for 21 days. The results showed that the addition of Candida utilis to the diet did not affect growth performance compared with the control group. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in the serum biochemical indices. However, piglets in the 2.5% CU group had a significantly altered fecal microbiota, with an increased abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Lactobacillus, and Muribaculaceae_unclassified. Regarding the plasma metabolome, the 12 differential metabolites detected were mainly enriched in the histidine, tryptophan, primary bile acid, and caffeine metabolic pathways. Regarding the integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis, differential metabolites correlated with fecal flora to variable degrees, but most of them were beneficial bacteria of Firmicutes. Collectively, dietary Candida utilis feed had no adverse effect on growth performance; however, it played an important role in regulating fecal flora and maintaining metabolic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | | | | | | | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Liu HY, Zhu C, Zhu M, Yuan L, Li S, Gu F, Hu P, Chen S, Cai D. Alternatives to antibiotics in pig production: looking through the lens of immunophysiology. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:1. [PMID: 38163818 PMCID: PMC10758383 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In the livestock production system, the evolution of porcine gut microecology is consistent with the idea of "The Hygiene Hypothesis" in humans. I.e., improved hygiene conditions, reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms in early life, and frequent use of antimicrobial drugs drive immune dysregulation. Meanwhile, the overuse of antibiotics as feed additives for infectious disease prevention and animal growth induces antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogens and spreads related environmental pollutants. It justifies our attempt to review alternatives to antibiotics that can support optimal growth and improve the immunophysiological state of pigs. In the current review, we first described porcine mucosal immunity, followed by discussions of gut microbiota dynamics during the critical weaning period and the impacts brought by antibiotics usage. Evidence of in-feed additives with immuno-modulatory properties highlighting probiotics, prebiotics, and phytobiotics and their cellular and molecular networking are summarized and reviewed. It may provide insights into the immune regulatory mechanisms of antibiotic alternatives and open new avenues for health management in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuyang Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Miaonan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Long Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shicheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Fang Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Shihao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Demin Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Zeng M, van Pijkeren JP, Pan X. Gluco-oligosaccharides as potential prebiotics: Synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and evaluation of prebiotic effect. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2611-2651. [PMID: 37073416 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics have long been used to modulate the gut microbiota and improve host health. Most established prebiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates, especially short-chain oligosaccharides. Recently, gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with 2-10 glucose residues and one or more O-glycosidic linkage(s) have been found to exert prebiotic potentials (not fully established prebiotics) because of their selective fermentation by beneficial gut bacteria. However, the prebiotic effects (non-digestibility, selective fermentability, and potential health effects) of GlcOS are highly variable due to their complex structure originating from different synthesis processes. The relationship between GlcOS structure and their potential prebiotic effects has not been fully understood. To date, a comprehensive summary of the knowledge of GlcOS is still missing. Therefore, this review provides an overview of GlcOS as potential prebiotics, covering their synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and prebiotic effect evaluation. First, GlcOS with different structures are introduced. Then, the enzymatic and chemical processes for GlcOS synthesis are critically reviewed, including reaction mechanisms, substrates, catalysts, the structures of resultant GlcOS, and the synthetic performance (yield and selectivity). Industrial separation techniques for GlcOS purification and structural characterization methods are discussed in detail. Finally, in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the non-digestibility, selective fermentability, and associated health effects of different GlcOS are extensively reviewed with a special focus on the GlcOS structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zeng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Huang Y, Peng Y, Yang Z, Chen S, Liu J, Wang Z, Wang G, Lan S. Effects of Fermented Bamboo Shoot Processing Waste on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters, and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202728. [PMID: 36290114 PMCID: PMC9597720 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) plays a vital role in the nutrition and metabolism of weaned piglets. Some feed additives can be used to adjust the composition of GM to improve the health of weaned piglets. In this study, we investigated the effects of adding fermented bamboo shoot processing waste (FBSPW) to diet on growth performance, serum parameters, and GM of weaned piglets. Seventy-two piglets were divided into four groups and were fed diets containing 0% (control), 4% (group A), 8% (group B), and 12% (group C) FBSPW for 50 days. We found that the addition of FBSPW significantly decreased the average daily feed intake, serum triglyceride content, and urea nitrogen of weaned piglets compared to the control. The cecum and cecal microbiota of weaned piglets fed the basal diet with 12% FBSPW were significantly different compared to the control. A basal diet with 12% FBSPW significantly reduced the taxon feature number, and the relative abundance of Tenericutes in the cecum and cecal microbiota of weaned piglets compared with the control. The addition of 12% FBSPW to weaned piglet feed could improve their nitrogen and lipid metabolisms and have beneficial effects on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yingjie Peng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Hunan Huajun Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Taojiang 413000, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Shile Lan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (S.L.)
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Canibe N, Højberg O, Kongsted H, Vodolazska D, Lauridsen C, Nielsen TS, Schönherz AA. Review on Preventive Measures to Reduce Post-Weaning Diarrhoea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2585. [PMID: 36230326 PMCID: PMC9558551 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many countries, medical levels of zinc (typically as zinc oxide) are added to piglet diets in the first two weeks post-weaning to prevent the development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). However, high levels of zinc constitute an environmental polluting agent, and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria. Consequently, the EU banned administering medical levels of zinc in pig diets as of June 2022. However, this may result in an increased use of antibiotic therapeutics to combat PWD and thereby an increased risk of further AMR development. The search for alternative measures against PWD with a minimum use of antibiotics and in the absence of medical levels of zinc has therefore been intensified over recent years, and feed-related measures, including feed ingredients, feed additives, and feeding strategies, are being intensively investigated. Furthermore, management strategies have been developed and are undoubtedly relevant; however, these will not be addressed in this review. Here, feed measures (and vaccines) are addressed, these being probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, proteobiotics, plants and plant extracts (in particular essential oils and tannins), macroalgae (particularly macroalgae-derived polysaccharides), dietary fibre, antimicrobial peptides, specific amino acids, dietary fatty acids, milk replacers, milk components, creep feed, vaccines, bacteriophages, and single-domain antibodies (nanobodies). The list covers measures with a rather long history and others that require significant development before their eventual use can be extended. To assess the potential of feed-related measures in combating PWD, the literature reviewed here has focused on studies reporting parameters of PWD (i.e., faeces score and/or faeces dry matter content during the first two weeks post-weaning). Although the impact on PWD (or related parameters) of the investigated measures may often be inconsistent, many studies do report positive effects. However, several studies have shown that control pigs do not suffer from diarrhoea, making it difficult to evaluate the biological and practical relevance of these improvements. From the reviewed literature, it is not possible to rank the efficacy of the various measures, and the efficacy most probably depends on a range of factors related to animal genetics and health status, additive doses used, composition of the feed, etc. We conclude that a combination of various measures is probably most recommendable in most situations. However, in this respect, it should be considered that combining strategies may lead to additive (e.g., synbiotics), synergistic (e.g., plant materials), or antagonistic (e.g., algae compounds) effects, requiring detailed knowledge on the modes of action in order to design effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Liu X, Ju Y, Huang L, Liu M, Bo J, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Liu C, Feng M, Zhang S, Yan Y. Effects of a new fermented soya bean meal on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, intestinal immune status and digestive enzyme activities in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1046-1059. [PMID: 34632644 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fermented soya bean meal (FSBM) is believed to have improved nutritional qualities compared with soya bean meal (SBM) and is also cheaper than soya protein concentration (SPC) and fish meal (FM). Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the effects of FSBM replacing SBM, SPC and FM in diets on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile, short-chain fatty acid concentrations in digesta, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities, intestinal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations and morphology in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty 28-day-old piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, body weight: 6.73 ± 1.14 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatment diets (six replicate pens with five piglets per pen) containing SBM, SPC, FM or FSBM as the protein source, respectively. RESULTS Dietary FSBM supplementation improved average daily gain (p < 0.05), gain to feed ratio (p < 0.05), and digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and organic matter (p < 0.05) in pigs compared with those fed SBM during 0-14 days and reduced diarrhoea rate (p < 0.05) compared with those fed SBM and FM during 0-14 days. Moreover, pigs fed FBSM had greater IgA and IgM contents and antioxidase activities than those provided SBM and SPC on day 14. In addition, the butyrate concentration in the cecum of pigs fed FSBM was greater than those fed the other diets (p < 0.05), and the trypsin activity in duodenum and jejunum of pigs provided FSBM was greater than those fed SBM (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher villus height (p < 0.05) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.05) and lower crypt depth (p < 0.05) in the duodenum of pigs fed FSBM were observed, and pigs fed FSBM had a lower (p < 0.05) TNF-α concentration in jejunum compared with those fed SBM. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dietary FSBM supplementation to replace SBM, SPC and FM could improve piglets' growth performance, intestinal health and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Liling Huang
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhi Liu
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Jianing Bo
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Tongyu Zhou
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Mingming Feng
- Jilin Green Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Siping, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
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Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function, and Fecal Microflora in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131609. [PMID: 35804509 PMCID: PMC9264952 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bacillus licheniformis has been shown to be safe as a green additive in food and feed. This experiment was conducted to investigate the value of Bacillus licheniformis in the diet of piglets. Our results suggested that dietary Bacillus licheniformis supplementation plays an important role in improving the average daily gain, alleviating diarrhea, improving antioxidant capacity, promoting immune function, and regulating the intestinal microflora of weaned piglets. Abstract Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is a safe probiotic that can promote animal growth and inhibit pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to assess the effects of B. licheniformis, one green feed additive, on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, immune function, fecal volatile fatty acids, and microflora structure in weaned piglets. Weaned piglets (n = 180) were randomly divided into three treatment groups and fed a basal diet and a basal diet supplemented with 500 mg B. licheniformis per kg and 1000 mg B. licheniformis per kg, respectively. The dietary 500 mg/kg B. licheniformis inclusion improved the average daily gain, reduced diarrhea incidence, and strengthened antioxidant capacity. Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis presented increased serum immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM) compared to the CON group. Meanwhile, the expression of anti-inflammation factors was increased, and the levels of pro-inflammation factors were reduced after B. licheniformis administration. Moreover, the levels of volatile fatty acids, including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid, in the BL500 and BL1000 groups were increased compared with the CON group, and the concentration of valeric acid was higher in the BL500 group. Furthermore, piglets in the 500 mg/kg B. licheniformis addition group significantly altered fecal microbiota by increasing Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Oscillospira. In conclusion, dietary B. licheniformis relieved diarrhea, enhanced antioxidant capacity, immunity function, and fecal microflora structure in weaned pigs.
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Choukade R, Kango N. Purification of Aspergillus tamarii mycelial fructosyltransferase (m-FTase), optimized FOS production, and evaluation of its anticancer potential. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3294-3306. [PMID: 35638324 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, generation of prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS) using Aspergillus tamarii FTase was optimized by applying response surface methodology. Optimal FOS (251 g L-1 ) was generated at 28.4°C, pH 7.0 and 50% (w/v) sucrose leading to 1.97-fold yield enhancement. The m-FTase was purified using ultrafiltration followed by HiTrap Q HP anion exchange chromatography resulting in 2.15-fold purified FTase with 12.76 U mg-1 specific activity. Purified FTase (75 kDa) had Km and Vmax values of 1049.717 mM and 2.094 µmol min-1 mg-1 , respectively. FOS incorporation led to upregulation of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax genes suggesting mitochondrial apoptosis activation in cancer cells. The study describes characteristics of purified FTase from A. tamarii, production optimization of FOS and unravels the role of FOS in anticancer activity against HT-29 cells. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides detailed insights of kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of purified FTase, a prebiotic FOS-generating enzyme. Moreover, the role of the apoptotic genes involved in anticancer activity, and the prebiotic potential of FOS is also investigated. These findings are important in the context of FOS applications, and the optimized production strategies make it useful for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritumbhara Choukade
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Cheng L, Kong L, Xia C, Zeng X, Wu Z, Guo Y, Pan D. Sources, Processing-Related Transformation, and Gut Axis Regulation of Conventional and Potential Prebiotics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4509-4521. [PMID: 35389646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One strategy to achieve a balanced intestinal microbiota is to introduce prebiotics. Some substances present in the diet, such as soybean extracts, koji glycosylceramides, grape extracts, tea polyphenols, and seaweed extracts, can be considered as potential prebiotics, because they can selectively stimulate the proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. However, the discovery of novel prebiotics also involves advances in screening methods and the use of thermal and non-thermal processing techniques to modify and enhance the properties of beneficial organisms. The health benefits of prebiotics are also reflected by their participation in regulating the microbiota in different gut axes. In the present review, we introduced the field of prebiotics, focusing on potential prebiotic substances, the process of screening potential prebiotics, the transformation of prebiotics by food-processing technologies, and the roles of prebiotics on gut axis regulation, which, it is hoped, will promote the discovery and utilization of novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315800, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tissopi T, Kumar S, Sadhu A, Mutturi S. Surface display of novel transglycosylating α-glucosidase from Aspergillus neoniger on Pichia pastoris for synthesis of isomaltooligosaccharides. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Chang L, Ding Y, Wang Y, Song Z, Li F, He X, Zhang H. Effects of Different Oligosaccharides on Growth Performance and Intestinal Function in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852545. [PMID: 35433897 PMCID: PMC9011052 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of different oligosaccharides on the growth performance and intestinal function in broilers.MethodsA total of 360 1-day-old yellow-feather chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed with a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline (ANT), 3 g/kg isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), 3 g/kg raffinose oligosaccharide (RFO), and 30 mg/kg chitooligosaccharide (COS). The experiment lasted for 56 days, with 1–28 days as the starter phase and 29–56 days as the grower phase.ResultsThe results showed that dietary supplementation with RFO and COS significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p < 0.05). Relative to the control group, diets supplemented with oligosaccharides dramatically increased the level of serum IgM (RFO, COS), T-SOD (COS), and GSH-Px (IMO and RFO) and the expression of ZO-1(IMO) and claudin-1 (RFO) (p < 0.05). Adding antibiotics or oligosaccharides to the diet could remarkedly increase the villus height and villus height (VH)/crypt depth (CD) ratio of each group (p < 0.05). Through the ileum α-diversity analysis and comparison of OTU number in each group showed that the microbial richness of the IMO group increased in the starter phase, and that of the RFO and CSO group increased in the grower phase. Additionally, compared with the control group, IMO supplementation increased the level of ileum sIgA (p < 0.05) and the content of valeric acid (p < 0.05) in the cecum.ConclusionsIn summary, the addition of oligosaccharides in diet can improve the immune function and antioxidant capacity and improve intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Li
- Guangxi Fufeng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Group Co., Ltd., Nanning, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for High-quality Animal Products Production, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
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14
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Pi G, Wang J, Song W, Li Y, Yang H. Effects of isomalto-oligosaccharides and herbal extracts on growth performance, serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:671-681. [PMID: 35088457 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), Chinese herbal medicine extract (CHE) or their combination on the growth performance, diarrhoea incidence, serum biochemical profiles, inflammatory cytokine expression, intestinal morphology and microflora of weaned piglets. Thirty-two ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at 25 days of age, were randomly assigned into four groups. Group I was fed the basal diet. Group II were fed a basal diet supplemented with 2 g/kg IMO for 14 consecutive days and then 4 g/kg IMO for another 14 days. Group III were fed diet with 0.5 g/kg CHE for 14 days and 1 g/kg CHE for another 14 days. Group IV were fed diet with (2 g/kg IMO + 0.5 g/kg CHE) for 14 days and (4 g/kg IMO +1 g/kg CHE) for another 14 days. Results showed that diets supplemented with IMO, CHE or their combination did not influence the diarrhoea rate and intestinal morphology, while co-administration of IMO with CHE tended to have higher average daily gain. Serum biochemical analysis showed that dietary CHE decreased aspartate aminotransferase levels, while inclusion of IMO led to a decrease in high-density lipoprotein. Moreover, co-administration of IMO with CHE significantly upregulated the expression of TGF-β, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, in jejunal mucosa of piglets. Further, CHE significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium in ileal digesta. Meanwhile, the combination of IMO and CHE significantly increased Bifidobacterium in the caecum of piglets. Additionally, dietary IMO, CHE or their combination significantly reduced the number of potential entero-pathogen Escherichia coli in ileal contents and Clostridium species in caecal digesta. These results indicated that application of IMO or CHE could favourably modulate the intestinal microbial composition of piglets, while their beneficial impact and molecular mechanism on intestinal health warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Pi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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15
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Li Q, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu Z, Qi Y, Guan W, Ren M, Zhang S. Maternal Nutrition During Late Gestation and Lactation: Association With Immunity and the Inflammatory Response in the Offspring. Front Immunol 2022; 12:758525. [PMID: 35126349 PMCID: PMC8814630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immature immune system at birth and environmental stress increase the risk of infection in nursing pigs. Severe infection subsequently induces intestinal and respiratory diseases and even cause death of pigs. The nutritional and physiological conditions of sows directly affect the growth, development and disease resistance of the fetus and newborn. Many studies have shown that providing sows with nutrients such as functional oligosaccharides, oils, antioxidants, and trace elements could regulate immunity and the inflammatory response of piglets. Here, we reviewed the positive effects of certain nutrients on milk quality, immunoglobulin inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and intestinal microflora of sows, and further discuss the effects of these nutrients on immunity and the inflammatory response in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingao Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Fengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Man Ren, ; Shihai Zhang,
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Man Ren, ; Shihai Zhang,
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Liu X, Ju Y, Liu M, Huang L, Luo Y, Qi L, Ye J, Zhang S, Yan Y, Li Y. Effect of dietary Auricularia cornea culture supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry profile and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/143105/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Effects of polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa pomace feeding on growth performance, biochemical profile, and meat quality in pigs at weaned and finishing stages. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Yu X, Fu C, Cui Z, Chen G, Xu Y, Yang C. Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and feces microflora in pregnant sows. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6364795. [PMID: 34487146 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chunsheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology·College of Veterinary Medcine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Jin Q, Cheng L, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Zhang W, Gao X, Xiong T, Guo L. Immune-related effects of compound astragalus polysaccharide and sulfated epimedium polysaccharide on newborn piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34550852 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1979022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the immune effects of compound astragalus polysaccharide and sulfated epimedium polysaccharide (APS-sEPS) on the peripheral blood lymphocyte and intestinal mucosa in newborn piglets. A total of 40 newborn piglets were randomly divided into four groups during a 25-day experiment, including APS-sEPS, APS, sEPS and control group. The results showed that supplementation with APS-sEPS to newborn piglets remarkably increased the physiological parameters, especially the WBC. In peripheral blood, piglets that received APS-sEPS showed the highest proliferation of T lymphocytes, the percentage of CD3 + CD4+ and CD3 + CD8+ cells were the highest on days 15 and 25 (p < 0.05). The serum concentrations of IFN-γ on days 7 and 15, and IL-4, IL-10, sIgA on days 7, 15 and 25 in APS-sEPS group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the villus length and the ratio of villus length to crypt depth in APS-sEPS group were both significantly increased compared to that of control group (p < 0.05). In the duodenum, jejunum and illume, the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-10, total IgG and sIgA in APS-sEPS group were all significantly higher than that in control group (p < 0.05). In intestinal mucosa, APS-sEPS significantly increased the expression of NF-κB and IRF-3 mRNA in each section of small intestine of piglets. Nevertheless, in the illume segment, the effect of APS-sEPS was more significant than that of APS and sEPS (p < 0.05). The expression of TLR4 was more significant than that of control group in duodenum only. The results from the present research provide evidence that the suckling piglets administered with APS-sEPS supplement exhibited enhanced immune function of peripheral blood lymphocyte and expression of specific antibodies, and ameliorated intestinal morphological development and increased activities of humoral immune response in the small intestine, which would be related to the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway and IRF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jin
- The Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- The Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yiling Zhu
- The Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taìan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- The Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- The Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Effects of Selenium Auricularia cornea Culture Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Tissue Selenium Concentration and Meat Quality in Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092701. [PMID: 34573667 PMCID: PMC8470304 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a dried product via full fermentation, containing organic-Se, Auricularia cornea (AC) mycelium, and various metabolites of AC. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether SAC could effectively improve the health, growth, meat quality, and oxidative stability of meat in growing-finishing pigs. Currently, dietary SAC supplementation positively impacts growth performance and oxidative stability of fresh meat. Abstract Selenium Auricularia cornea culture (SAC) is a new source of organic selenium. Two experiments were conducted to determine the available energy of SAC fed to pigs and to evaluate the effects of dietary SAC supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical profiles, fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA), meat quality, tissue selenium concentration, and oxidative stability of fresh meat in growing-finishing pigs. In Experiment (Exp.) 1, 12 barrows with average body weight (BW) of 42.40 ± 5.30 kg were randomly allotted to two groups and fed the basal diet and SAC-supplemented diet, individually. In Exp. 2, 96 growing-finishing pigs (BW: 91.96 ± 7.55 kg) were grouped into four dietary treatments; each treatment contained six replicates with four pigs per replicate. The four treatments fed a control diet and three experimental diets supplemented with 0.6%, 1.2%, and 2.4% SAC, respectively. The trial lasted for 45 days. The results revealed that digestible energy (DE) of SAC was 11.21 MJ/kg. The average daily gain (ADG) was improved in pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC during day 24 to 45 and the overall period. Dietary 1.2% and 2.4% SAC supplementation had a lower F/G (p < 0.05) than the control diet during different stages. Dietary SAC supplementation increased fecal butyrate contents (p < 0.05), and pigs fed 1.2% and 2.4% SAC diets had a higher MCT1 mRNA expression (p = 0.04) in the colon. Pigs fed 2.4% SAC had higher GSH-Px contents (p < 0.05) in serum, liver, and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) than those in the control group. The 2.4% SAC-supplemented group revealed a higher Se content (p < 0.05) in LDM and a lower MDA concentration (p < 0.05) in fresh meat during the simulated retail display on day six. In conclusion, this study suggested that SAC was more effective in improving growth, enhancing the antioxidant status, depositing Se in muscle, and increasing meat oxidative stability of pigs.
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Wang S, Zhang X, Li H, Ren Y, Geng Y, Lu Z, Shi J, Xu Z. Similarities and differences of oligo/poly-saccharides' impact on human fecal microbiota identified by in vitro fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7475-7486. [PMID: 34487206 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of prebiotics is considered a promising strategy for the modulation of gut microbiota. Due to the wide variety of animal models and tremendous inter-individual variability from human investigations, the prebiotic effect of fibers is often difficult to compare between studies. Here, the effects of 11 dietary fibers on human fecal microbiota were studied using an in vitro human fecal fermentation model under well-controlled conditions. All fibers showed positive regulatory effects on short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and several beneficial bacteria, including Parabacteroides distasonis and Bifidobacterium spp. Cultures supplemented with xylo-oligosaccharide and konjac flour showed the highest SCFAs. According to regulatory effects, fibers were divided into three groups, with 13 indicator OTUs (operational taxonomic units) identified. Fecal microbiota regulated by isomalto-oligosaccharide and chitosan-oligosaccharide were similar to fructo-oligosaccharide and inulin outputs. As a supplement to in vivo studies, our results comprehensively summarized the similarities and distinctiveness of fibers in regulating fecal microbiota structures. KEY POINTS: • Fibers were divided into three groups based on the regulatory effects in microbiota. • Thirteen indicator OTUs were identified using pairwise comparisons. • Fiber similarities and distinctive traits in regulating microbiota effect were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Products Processing Technology, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Logtenberg MJ, Akkerman R, Hobé RG, Donners KMH, Van Leeuwen SS, Hermes GDA, de Haan BJ, Faas MM, Buwalda PL, Zoetendal EG, de Vos P, Schols HA. Structure-Specific Fermentation of Galacto-Oligosaccharides, Isomalto-Oligosaccharides and Isomalto/Malto-Polysaccharides by Infant Fecal Microbiota and Impact on Dendritic Cell Cytokine Responses. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001077. [PMID: 34060703 PMCID: PMC8459273 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Next to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), starch-derived isomalto-oligosaccharide preparation (IMO) and isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMP) could potentially be used as prebiotics in infant formulas. However, it remains largely unknown how the specific molecular structures of these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) impact fermentability and immune responses in infants. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro fermentation of GOS, IMO and IMMP using infant fecal inoculum of 2- and 8-week-old infants shows that only GOS and IMO are fermented by infant fecal microbiota. The degradation of GOS and IMO coincides with an increase in Bifidobacterium and production of acetate and lactate, which is more pronounced with GOS. Individual isomers with an (1↔1)-linkage or di-substituted reducing terminal glucose residue are more resistant to fermentation. GOS, IMO, and IMMP fermentation digesta attenuates cytokine profiles in immature dendritic cells (DCs), but the extent is dependent on the infants age and NDC structure. CONCLUSION The IMO preparation, containing reducing and non-reducing isomers, shows similar fermentation patterns as GOS in fecal microbiota of 2-week-old infants. Knowledge obtained on the substrate specificities of infant fecal microbiota and the subsequent regulatory effects of GOS, IMO and IMMP on DC responses might contribute to the design of tailored NDC mixtures for infants of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon J. Logtenberg
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rosan G. Hobé
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
| | - Kristel M. H. Donners
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
| | - Sander S. Van Leeuwen
- Cluster Human Nutrition & HealthDepartment of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerben D. A. Hermes
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart J. de Haan
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Piet L. Buwalda
- Biobased Chemistry and TechnologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Avebe Innovation CenterGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Erwin G. Zoetendal
- Laboratory of MicrobiologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- ImmunoendocrinologyDivision of Medical BiologyDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen and University Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryWageningen University & ResearchBornse Weilanden 9Wageningen6708 WGThe Netherlands
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Apiwatsiri P, Pupa P, Saenkankam I, Khine NO, Lekagul A, Lugsomya K, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N. Reducing the Risk of Transmission of Critical Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants From Contaminated Pork Products to Humans in South-East Asia. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689015. [PMID: 34385984 PMCID: PMC8353453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical challenge worldwide as it impacts public health, especially via contamination in the food chain and in healthcare-associated infections. In relation to farming, the systems used, waste management on farms, and the production line process are all determinants reflecting the risk of AMR emergence and rate of contamination of foodstuffs. This review focuses on South East Asia (SEA), which contains diverse regions covering 11 countries, each having different levels of development, customs, laws, and regulations. Routinely, here as elsewhere antimicrobials are still used for three indications: therapy, prevention, and growth promotion, and these are the fundamental drivers of AMR development and persistence. The accuracy of detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) depends on the laboratory standards applicable in the various institutes and countries, and this affects the consistency of regional data. Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the standard proxy species used for indicating AMR-associated nosocomial infections and healthcare-associated infections. Pig feces and wastewater have been suspected as one of the hotspots for spread and circulation of ARB and ARG. As part of AMR surveillance in a One Health approach, clonal typing is used to identify bacterial clonal transmission from the production process to consumers and patients - although to date there have been few published definitive studies about this in SEA. Various alternatives to antibiotics are available to reduce antibiotic use on farms. Certain of these alternatives together with improved disease prevention methods are essential tools to reduce antimicrobial usage in swine farms and to support global policy. This review highlights evidence for potential transfer of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans, and awareness and understanding of AMR through a description of the occurrence of AMR in pig farm food chains under SEA management systems. The latter includes a description of standard pig farming practices, detection of AMR and clonal analysis of bacteria, and AMR in the food chain and associated environments. Finally, the possibility of using alternatives to antibiotics and improving policies for future strategies in combating AMR in a SEA context are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasert Apiwatsiri
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawiya Pupa
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Imporn Saenkankam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nwai Oo Khine
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Lekagul
- International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kittitat Lugsomya
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - David J. Hampson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogen Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lan J, Wang K, Chen G, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide on diphenoxylate-induced constipation, gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal flora in rats. Food Funct 2021; 11:9216-9225. [PMID: 33030479 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotics inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) influence intestinal health and immunity, but their effects on constipation are not clearly established. We evaluated the effects of INU and IMO in a rat model of diphenoxylate-induced constipation. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups: basal diet (Con), 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate (PCon), 20 g kg-1 INU and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate, and 20 g kg-1 IMO and treated with 40 mg kg-1 diphenoxylate. INU and IMO increased the number, weight, and water content of fecal pellets, and decreased the time to the first black stool in rats with constipation. Serum levels of the gastrointestinal motility-related hormones adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), motilin (MTL), and Substance P (SP) were higher and corticosterone (CORT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were lower in rats treated with prebiotics than in untreated rats. Colon tissue levels of MTL and SP were increased, and VIP and CGRP were decreased by prebiotics. Furthermore, in rats with constipation, INU and IMO increased the colonic contents of short-chain fatty acids. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower in the prebiotics groups than in the Con and PCon groups. Lactobacillus was more abundant in the INU and IMO groups than in PCon rats. Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus intestinalis were more abundant in the IMO group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01), and L. intestinalis was more abundant in the INU group than in the PCon group (P < 0.01). In summary, INU and IMO improved constipation and altered the intestinal microbiota in a rat model of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Kangli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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25
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Zhang L, Gu X, Wang J, Liao S, Duan Y, Li H, Song Z, He X, Fan Z. Effects of Dietary Isomaltooligosaccharide Levels on the Gut Microbiota, Immune Function of Sows, and the Diarrhea Rate of Their Offspring. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:588986. [PMID: 33488538 PMCID: PMC7820075 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) levels on the gut microbiota, immune function of sows, and the diarrhea rate of their offspring, 120 multiparous gestating pig improvement company (PIC) sows with similar body conditions were selected and fed 1 of 6 diets: a basal diet with no supplement (control, CON), or a diet supplemented with 2.5 g/kg, 5.0 g/kg, 10.0 g/kg, 20.0 g/kg, or 40.0 g/kg IMO (IMO1, IMO2, IMO3, IMO4, or IMO5 group, respectively). Results showed that dietary treatments did not affect the reproductive performance and colostrum composition of sows (P > 0.05). However, compared to the CON, IMO reduced the diarrhea rate of suckling piglets (P < 0.05) and improved the concentrations of colostrum IgA, IgG, and IgM (P < 0.05). Moreover, IMO decreased the concentrations of serum D-lactate (D-LA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at farrowing and day 18 of lactation (L18) (P < 0.05). High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that IMO shaped the composition of gut microbiota in different reproductive stages (day 107 of gestation, G107; day 10 of lactation, L10) (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of g_Parabacteroides and g_Slackia in G107 and g_Unclassified_Peptostreptococcaceae, g_Turicibacter, g_Sarcina, and g_Coprococcus in L10 was increased in IMO groups but the g_YRC22 in G107 was decreased in IMO groups relative to the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum D-LA and LPS were negatively correlated with the genus g_Akkermansia and g_Parabacteroides but positively correlated with the genus g_YRC22 and g_Unclassified_Peptostreptococcaceae. Additionally, the colostrum IgA, IgG, and IgM of sows were positively correlated with the genus g_Parabacteroides, g_Sarcina, and g_Coprococcus but negatively correlated with the genus g_YRC22. These findings indicated that IMO could promote the immune activation and had a significant influence in sows' gut microbiota during perinatal period, which may reduce the diarrhea rate of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Alternatives to antibiotics and trace elements (copper and zinc) to improve gut health and zootechnical parameters in piglets: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Azad MA, Gao J, Ma J, Li T, Tan B, Huang X, Yin J. Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:379-388. [PMID: 33364453 PMCID: PMC7750794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of prebiotic applications from different sources is to improve the gut ecosystem where the host and microbiota can benefit from prebiotics. It has already been recognized that prebiotics have potential roles in the gut ecosystem because gut microbiota ferment complex dietary macronutrients and carry out a broad range of functions in the host body, such as the production of nutrients and vitamins, protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune system balance. The gut ecosystem is very crucial and can be affected by numerous factors consisting of dietary constituents and commensal bacteria. This review focuses on recent scientific evidence, confirming a beneficial effect of prebiotics on animal health, particularly in terms of protection against pathogenic bacteria and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that may improve epithelial cell barrier functions. It has also been reviewed that modification of the gut ecosystem through the utilization of prebiotics significantly affects the intestinal health of animals. However, the identification and characterization of novel potential prebiotics remain a topical issue and elucidation of the metagenomics relationship between gut microbiota alteration and prebiotic substances is necessary for future prebiotic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A.K. Azad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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Rashidinejad A, Bahrami A, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Babazadeh A, Singh H, Jafari SM. Co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics and their application in functional/synbiotic dairy products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:2470-2494. [PMID: 33251846 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1854169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of live probiotics along with prebiotics has been suggested with numerous beneficial effects for several conditions including certain infectious disorders, diarrheal illnesses, some inflammatory bowel diseases, and most recently, irritable bowel syndrome. Though, delivery of such viable bacteria to the host intestine is a major challenge, due to the poor survival of the ingested probiotic bacteria during the gastric transit, especially within the stomach where the pH is highly acidic. Although microencapsulation has been known as a promising approach for improving the viability of probiotics in the human digestive tract, the success rate is not satisfactory. For this reason, co-encapsulation of probiotics with probiotics has been practised as a novel alternative approach for further improvement of the oral delivery of viable probiotics toward their targeted release in the host intestine. This paper discusses the co-encapsulation technologies used for delivery of probiotics toward better stability and viability, as well the incorporation of co-encapsulated probiotics and prebiotics in functional/synbiotic dairy foods. The common encapsulation technologies (and the materials) used for this purpose, the stability and survival of co-encapsulated probiotics in the food, and the release behavior of the co-encapsulated probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract have also been explained. Most studies reported a significant improvement particularly in the viability of bacteria associated with the presence of prebiotics. Nevertheless, the previous research has mostly been carried out in the simulated digestion, meaning that future systematic research is to be carried out to investigate the efficacy of the co-encapsulation on the survival of the bacteria in the gut in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Program of Applied Science and Technology, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Babazadeh
- Center for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of medicine, health and human sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials & Process Design Engendering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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29
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Rengarajan S, Palanivel R. High purity prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides production by cell associated transglucosidase of isolated strain Debaryomyces hansenii SCY204 and selective fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SYI065. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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da Silva RM, Gonçalves LRB, Rodrigues S. Different strategies to co-immobilize dextransucrase and dextranase onto agarose based supports: Operational stability study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:411-419. [PMID: 32302628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Co-immobilization is a groundbreaking technique for enzymatic catalysis, sometimes strategic, as for dextransucrase and dextranase. In this approach, dextranase hydrolytic action removes the dextran layer that covers dextransucrase reactive groups, improving the immobilization. Another advantage is the synergic effect of the two enzymes towards prebiotic oligosaccharides production. Thus, both enzymes were co-immobilized onto the heterobifunctional support Amino-Epoxy-Glyoxyl-Agarose (AMEG) and the ion exchanger support monoaminoethyl-N-ethyl-agarose (Manae) at pH 5.2 and 10, followed or not by glutaraldehyde treatment. This work is the first attempt to immobilize dextransucrase under alkaline conditions. The immobilized dextransucrase on AMEG support at pH 10 (12.78 ± 0.70 U/g) presents a similar activity of the biocatalyst produced at pH 5.2 (14.95 ± 0.82 U/g). The activity of dextranase immobilized onto Manae was 5-fold higher than the obtained onto AMEG support. However, the operational stability test showed that the biocatalyst produced on AMEG at pH 5.2 kept >60% of both enzyme activities for five batches. The glutaraldehyde treatment was not worthwhile to improve the operational stability of this biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonyele Maciel da Silva
- Federal University of Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Federal University of Ceará, Chemical Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, CEP 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sueli Rodrigues
- Federal University of Ceará, Food Engineering Department, Campus do Pici, Bloco 858, CEP 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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31
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Silva C, Dias C, Callegari M, Bridi A, Santos R, Luiggi F, Santos V, Silva J. Prebiotics and butyric acid can replace colistin as a growth promoter for nursery piglets. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess different prebiotic concentrations and principles, in addition to calcium butyrate, aiming to replace colistin as a growth promoter. The sample consisted of 120 piglets weaned at 22 days old with mean initial weight of 5.475 ± 0.719kg. The animals were assigned to random blocks in six treatments corresponding to the use of the following dietary additives: T1) colistin (40 ppm); T2) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.2%); T3) calcium butyrate (0.1%); T4) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.01%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.09%); T5) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.03%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.07%); and T6) β-glucan/mannan-oligosaccharides (0.1%) + fructooligosaccharides (0.05%) + galactooligosaccharides (0.05%). The results showed no difference among treatments for the performance parameters in any of the phases evaluated. For diarrhea incidence and intensity, the results indicated that the treatments with alternative additives had similar effects as the group treated with colistin. A significant difference was found for the profile of propionic acid (0.23% colistin and 0.32%, 0.36%, 0.37% additives) and total fatty acids (0.67% colistin and 0.97% additives) values in the caecum. The supplementation with different compositions and concentrations of prebiotics and butyric acid may viably replace colistin in controlling diarrhea and modulating volatile fatty acid production in the caecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - A.M. Bridi
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - F.G. Luiggi
- Yes Sinergy do Brasil Agroindustrial Ltda, Brazil
| | - V.L. Santos
- Yes Sinergy do Brasil Agroindustrial Ltda, Brazil
| | - J.B. Silva
- Yes Sinergy do Brasil Agroindustrial Ltda, Brazil
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32
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Alterations in intestinal microbiota by alginate oligosaccharide improve intestinal barrier integrity in weaned pigs. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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33
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Abd El-Aziz AH, El-Kasrawy NI, Abd El-Hack ME, Kamel SZ, Mahrous UE, El-Deeb EM, Atta MS, Amer MS, Naiel MAE, Khafaga AF, Metwally AE, Abo Ghanima MM. Growth, immunity, relative gene expression, carcass traits and economic efficiency of two rabbit breeds fed prebiotic supplemented diets. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:417-428. [PMID: 32734820 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1800485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study designed to evaluate the effect of oligosaccharide supplemented diets on growth performance, histomorphometric changes, economic efficiency and genetic expression of some growth and immunity-relative genes. One hundred and twenty weaned male rabbits, six weeks of age of two breeds (NZW and APPRI) were randomly allocated into six equal groups; the first supplemented with 0.3% Mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), the second supplemented with 0.05% Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) and the third considered a control group. Each group contained ten equal replicates. The highest Final body weight and feed consumption were recorded in MOS and IMO groups compared with control. Fortified feed diet with IMO significantly increased duodenal villi area and length than MOS and control groups. At the same time, Spleen white bulb area and length were significantly higher in MOS and IMO than control. Supplementation of MOS and IMO significantly improved carcass traits, economic efficiency and induced certain modifications in some major key genes involved in the regulation of nutrients metabolism, immunity and growth in different tissues. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MOS and IMO had a desirable positive impact on productive and economic efficiency in the rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman H Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I El-Kasrawy
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif Z Kamel
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Usama E Mahrous
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Eman M El-Deeb
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mostafa S Atta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S Amer
- Laser Application in Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Abo Ghanima
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Pan L, An D. Nitrogen utilization is lower for sorghum-based diets compared with corn-based diets in pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shang X, He X, Liu H, Wen B, Tan T, Xu C, Niu W, Zhang Y. Stachyose Prevents Intestinal Mucosal Injury in the Immunosuppressed Mice. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Shang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Xiaoqin He
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Huan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Bingjie Wen
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Taicong Tan
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Weining Niu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
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Liu X, Zhang B, Liu H, Zhang G, Zhao J, Liu L, Piao X, Song H, Zhang S, Li Y. Determination of the available energy values and amino acid digestibility of Flammulina velutipes stem waste and its effects on carcass trait and meat quality fed to growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:41. [PMID: 32391146 PMCID: PMC7197121 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00449-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flammulina velutipes stem waste (FVS) is the by-product of mushroom industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the available energy and amino acid digestibility of FVS fed to pigs, and to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS inclusion on growth performance, biochemical profile of serum, fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, carcass traits, meat quality, intestinal morphology and microflora of pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred barrows with initial body weight (IBW) of 37.48 ± 4.31 kg were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, including a corn basal diet and an experimental diet containing 24.35% FVS. In Exp. 2, twelve barrows fitted with an ileal T-cannula (IBW: 32.56 ± 1.67 kg) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments, which included a N-free diet and an experimental diet containing 40.0% FVS. In Exp. 3, ninety growing pigs (IBW: 63.98 ± 6.89 kg) were allotted to 1 of 3 treatment diets for 63 d, including a basal diet and 2 experimental diets with 2.5% and 5% FVS, respectively. Results The digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of FVS were 4.58 and 4.06 MJ/kg on dry matter basis, respectively, and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of indispensable AAs ranged from 17.50% to 59.47%. Pigs fed diets with 2.5% FVS showed no difference on average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G/F). Although dietary 5% FVS inclusion impaired apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter and gross energy, it elevated the SCFA concentration (P ≤ 0.04) in gut and antioxidant capacity in serum. In addition, dietary FVS inclusion depressed the backfat thickness (P = 0.03) in pigs. The longissimus dorsi muscle of pigs fed FVS revealed higher n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration and optimized fatty acid composition. Dietary 2.5% FVS inclusion also improved the intestinal development and health by increasing the villius height to crypt depth ratio (V/C) in jejunum (P < 0.01), and promoting microbial diversity and beneficial microbiota proliferation. Conclusions It is feasible to include moderate content of FVS as an unconventional fiber ingredient in diet of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Hansuo Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Gang Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Ling Liu
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hui Song
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yu Li
- 1Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Hu J, Liu L, Piao X, Zhang S, Li Y. Dietary Supplementation with Flammulina velutipes Stem Waste on Growth Performance, Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acids and Serum Profile in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010082. [PMID: 31947842 PMCID: PMC7022411 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary FVS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, biochemical profile of serum and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production in weaned piglets. In Exp.1, 150 weaned pigs (initial body weight: 6.89 ± 1.17 kg) were allotted to five dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and four experimental diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% FVS respectively. The animal trial lasted for 28 days. In Exp.2, 72 piglets (initial body weight: 8.20 ± 1.67 kg) were allotted to three dietary treatments. The treatment diets included a basal diet and two experimental diets supplemented with 1.5% and 3.0% FVS, respectively. The animal trial lasted for 56 days. The results showed that pigs fed dietary FVS with 3% or lower inclusion levels had no significant difference (p > 0.10) on growth performance compared with pigs fed the control diet during day 1-28 and day 1-56. Dietary FVS supplementation decreased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients on day 28, day 35 and day 56, but no significant changes (p > 0.05) of nutrient digestibility were observed on day 14. Although piglets fed diets with higher levels of FVS showed impaired growth performance and ATTD of nutrients, dietary FVS supplementation improved the fecal SCFA production, antioxidant capacity, interleukin-2 and growth hormone levels in serum, and reduced the harmful low-density lipoprotein levels in serum on day 56. In conclusion, as a promising alternative fibrous ingredient, FVS could be supplemented in diets of weaned piglets with a proportion under 3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhou Liu
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Jinbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Jiangxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Z.); (G.Z.); (J.H.); (L.L.); (X.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Mycology, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Xavier-Santos D, Bedani R, Lima ED, Saad SMI. Impact of probiotics and prebiotics targeting metabolic syndrome. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Zhao X, Yang R, Bi Y, Bilal M, Kuang Z, Iqbal HMN, Luo Q. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Leaf Polysaccharides on Immune Parameters of Weanling Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010035. [PMID: 31878017 PMCID: PMC7022547 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of mulberry leaf polysaccharides (MLPs) on the immune parameters-i.e., the immune organ weight, serum immunoglobulins, cytokines, nitric oxide (NO) production, and insulin-Like growth factor-1 (IGF1) mRNA expression-of weanling pigs as a model animal was investigated. A total of 120 healthy weanling pigs (aged 28 ± 2 d) with the same body weights were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control treatment (CT), basal diet (BD), (2) MLP low-dose treatment (MLT), 0.6 g/kg MLP + BD, (3) MLP high-dose treatment (MHT), 1.2 g/kg MLP + BD, and (4) antibiotic treatment (AT), 0.15 g/kg chlortetracycline + BD. The results revealed that the thymus and spleen indices were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in both MLT and MHT groups in comparison with the CT group, while the serum levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and interferon (IFN-γ) in the MLT group and IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ in the MHT group were also considerably greater (P < 0.05) than the corresponding levels in the CT group. The serum contents of IgG, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-8 in the MLT group and IL-2 and IL-6 in the MHT group were significantly increased in comparison with the corresponding contents in the AT group (P < 0.05). The transformation rate of lymphocytes in the MLT and MHT groups was higher compared to the CT and AT groups. However, a notable difference was found between the MLT group and the two control groups. The peripheral lymphocyte NO production in the MLT, MHT, and AT groups was significant relative to the CT group. The expression levels of IGF1 mRNA in the liver and muscle longissimus tissues of both the MLT and MHT groups showed significant improvement (P < 0.05) over those in the CT group. Moreover, the IGF1 mRNA expression in the muscle longissimus from the MLT group was significantly higher than in the AT group. In conclusion, the results suggest that incorporating MLPs into the diets of weanling pigs improves the animals' metabolisms and immune functions, and the effects of the MLT group were superior to those of both the MHT and AT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Zhao
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
| | - Rongling Yang
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-719-8529-1044; Fax: +86-719-8529-1044
| | - Yanhong Bi
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Zheshi Kuang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico;
| | - Qiulan Luo
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; (Z.K.); (Q.L.)
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Huang Z, Peng H, Sun Y, Zhu X, Zhang H, Jiang L, Zhao Q, Xiong H. Beneficial effects of novel hydrolysates produced by limited enzymatic broken rice on the gut microbiota and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Gu XL, Song ZH, Li H, Wu S, Wu SS, Ding YN, He X, Yin YL, Fan ZY. Effects of dietary isomaltooligosaccharide and Bacillus spp. supplementation during perinatal period on lactational performance, blood metabolites, and milk composition of sows. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5646-5653. [PMID: 31140604 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the effects of isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) and Bacillus spp. in perinatal diets on lactational performance, blood metabolites, and milk composition of sows. Multiparous gestating sows (N = 130) with similar body conditions were fed diets without containing IMO (control, CON group), IMO (IMO group), IMO and Bacillus subtilis (IMO + S group), IMO and Bacillus licheniformis (IMO + L group), and IMO and both B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (IMO + S + L group). RESULTS The average daily feed intake of lactating sows in the IMO + S group (P < 0.05) and the average litter gain and total milk yield in the IMO + S + L group (P < 0.01) were significantly higher than those of the sows in the other treatment groups. In addition, the serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in all treatment groups were lower than those in the CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the highest proportion of fat in colostrum (0.05 < P < 0.1) and lowest proportion of lactose in milk were observed in the IMO + L group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of growth hormone and immunoglobulins A and G in milk were higher in sows supplemented with IMO, IMO + S, IMO + L, or IMO + S + L (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION IMO and Bacillus spp. supplementation during the perinatal period improved the sows' lactational performance by affecting their metabolism and milk quality. Sows in the IMO + S and IMO + S + L treatment groups exhibited the best performance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue L Gu
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ze H Song
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Li
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Sarah Wu
- Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Shu S Wu
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya N Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu L Yin
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Y Fan
- Engineering Research Center for Feed Safety and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Pan L, Tian Q, Wu Y, Long S, Yin J, Piao X. Yeast extract could be used as a partial substitute for spray-dried porcine plasma in diets for weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wan J, Zhang J, Chen D, Yu B, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, He J. Alginate oligosaccharide-induced intestinal morphology, barrier function and epithelium apoptosis modifications have beneficial effects on the growth performance of weaned pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:58. [PMID: 30128148 PMCID: PMC6094457 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS), produced from alginate by alginate lyase-mediated depolymerisation, is a potential substitute for antibiotics and possesses growth-enhancing effects. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which AOS regulates porcine growth remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the AOS-mediated changes in the growth performance of weaned pigs by determining the intestinal morphology, barrier function, as well as epithelium apoptosis. Methods Twenty-four weaned pigs were distributed into two groups (n = 12) and received either a basal diet (control group) or the same diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg AOS. On d 15, D-xylose (0.1 g/kg body weight) was orally administrated to eight randomly selected pigs per treatment, and their serum and intestinal mucosa samples were collected 1 h later. Results Our results showed that inclusion of AOS in the diet for 2 wk increased (P < 0.05) the average daily body weight gain in weaned pigs. Notably, AOS supplementation ameliorated the intestinal morphology and barrier function, as suggested by the enhanced (P < 0.05) intestinal villus height, secretory immunoglobulin A content and goblet cell counts. Compared to the control group, AOS ingestion both decreased (P < 0.05) the total apoptotic percentage and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion of S phase in the intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, AOS not only up-regulated (P < 0.05) the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) transcriptional level but also down-regulated (P < 0.05) the B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein (BAX), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) and caspase-9 transcriptional levels in the small intestine. Conclusions In summary, this study provides evidence that supplemental AOS beneficially affects the growth performance of weaned pigs, which may result from the improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, as well as the inhibited enterocyte death, through reducing apoptosis via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Espinosa CD, Abelilla JJ, Casas GA, Lagos LV, Lee SA, Kwon WB, Mathai JK, Navarro DM, Jaworski NW, Stein HH. Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2018; 4:113-125. [PMID: 30140751 PMCID: PMC6103469 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | - Gloria A. Casas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Production, College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Colombia, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - L. Vanessa Lagos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Su A. Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Woong B. Kwon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John K. Mathai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Hans H. Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Pan L, Piao X, Wu Y, Ma H, Ma X, Shan Q, Liu L, Li D. Digestible energy of sorghum grain for pigs could be predicted using a computer-controlled simulated digestion system. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Han S, Liu C, Liu F. Effect of two seaweed polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota in mice evaluated by illumina PE250 sequencing. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:796-802. [PMID: 29427682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Effect of polysaccharides from two seaweeds, Porphyra haitanensis and Ulva prolifera, on intestinal microbiota in mice was evaluated by illumina PE250 sequencing. Analysis showed significant structural changes in fecal microbiota among the three sample groups. There were significant differences in the composition of fecal microbiota among the three groups at phylum and genus levels. At the phylum level, the most predominant phylum was Bacteroidetes contributing 58.76%, 73.39%, 75.38% and 64.40% of the fecal microbiota in K, Z, H and D groups respectively, followed by Firmicutes, contributing 37.61%, 23.99%, 21.87% and 30.82% respectively. Many genera were significantly higher in the Z and H group than in the K group, including Prevotellaceae UCG-001 (p<0.05) and Rikenellaceae RC9 (p<0.01). In conclusion, our results suggest that polysaccharide type and glycoside may contribute to shaping mice gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Shuwen Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, PR China
| | - Chundong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China.
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A computer-controlled simulated digestion system is a promising in vitro digestibility technique to predict digestible energy of corn grain for growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pan L, Shang QH, Wu Y, Ma XK, Long SF, Liu L, Li DF, Piao XS. Concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy, standardized ileal digestibility, and growth performance of pigs fed diets containing sorghum produced in the United States or corn produced in China. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:4880-4892. [PMID: 29293716 PMCID: PMC6292270 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The DE and ME content (Exp. 1) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of essential AA (EAA; Exp. 2) were compared between Chinese corn and U.S. sorghum. The effects of U.S. sorghum as a potential substitute for Chinese corn on growth performance of 114 weaned pigs (8.8 ± 1.0 kg BW; Exp. 3) and 60 growing pigs (23.4 ± 1.6 kg BW; Exp. 4) were evaluated, and the effect of protease supplementation on N utilization was determined in sorghum-based diets fed to growing pigs (Exp. 4). In Exp. 1, there was no difference in DE and ME content between corn and sorghum. In Exp. 2, the AID and SID of most EAA and the concentrations of standardized ileal digestible Lys, Met, Thr, and His were less in sorghum than in corn ( < 0.05). In Exp. 3, there was no difference in ADG and ADFI among treatments during the experimental period. The G:F and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP was decreased for pigs fed diets with sorghum in the first 2 wk ( < 0.05) and for pigs fed diets containing 60% sorghum in the following 2 wk ( < 0.05). The fecal score for pigs fed diets with sorghum, regardless of the substitute level, was less ( < 0.05) or tended to be less ( = 0.086) than that for pigs fed diets containing 60% corn. In Exp. 4, no differences were observed in ADG and ADFI overall among pigs fed diets based on corn and soybean meal (CSBM) or sorghum and soybean meal (SSBM). Pigs fed CSBM or SSBM with protease supplementation had greater ( < 0.05) or tended to have greater ( = 0.062) G:F than pigs fed SSBM. Compared with CSBM, SSBM increased fecal N excretion by more than 25% and decreased the ATTD of CP by more than 7% during the whole experiment ( < 0.05). Protease supplementation reduced fecal N excretion by more than 12% and increased ATTD of CP by more than 6% ( < 0.05). In conclusion, based on optimal G:F and CP digestibility, diets for weaned pigs should contain less than 20% sorghum during the first 2 wk and no more than 40% during the subsequent 2 wk after weaning. Sorghum used as an alternative energy source for corn in diets fed to growing pigs decreases CP utilization by increasing manure N output, which might be partially offset by protease supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Q. H. Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - X. K. Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - S. F. Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - L. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - D. F. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - X. S. Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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