1
|
Sommai S, Wanapat M, Suntara C, Prachumchai R, Cherdthong A. Supplementation of Alternanthera sissoo pellets on feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29972. [PMID: 38694056 PMCID: PMC11058898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) pellet (BSP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, protozoal population, and methane (CH4) estimation in beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle, 3 years old, with an average bodyweight of 180 ± 5 kg, were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The cattle were supplemented (on-top) with four levels of BSP (2, 4, 6, and 8% dry matter intake (DMI), respectively). The roughage component, derived from rice straw, was fed at 40 % of DMI, while the concentrate diet was fed at 60 % of DMI. The result of the experiment demonstrated that BSP supplementation had no effect on the DMI, nutrient intake, or nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen concentration were not significant, while the average protozoal population linearly decreased (p = 0.002) with BSP supplementation. Mean blood urea-nitrogen concentration was linearly increased (p = 0.004) when increasing the level of BSP. Brazilian spinach pellet had no significant effect on total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), VFA profiles, and CH4 estimation (p > 0.05). Nitrogen balance was no different from the supplementation of BSP. The study indicates that Brazilian spinach pellet supplementation showed no noticeable effects on feed intake, rumen parameters, and nitrogen utilization; however, at 6-8% of DMI, there was a decrease in protozoal population, with no corresponding reduction in CH4 estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanon Suntara
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala, University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12130, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pongjongmit T, Norrapoke T, Ampapon T, Totakul P, Khonkhaeng B. Effects of cassava chips ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) and rain tree pods ( Samanea saman) fermented with traditional fermentation starter (loog-pang kaomark) on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in goats. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2684-2690. [PMID: 35994678 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To obtain guidelines for improving the quality of animal feed on production performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in goats. A total of 16 native-bore crossbred goats were used. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was planned to compare four supplementation forms. There were four different loog-pang kaomark fermented cassava chips and rain tree pods (CRFLK) at proportions 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, and 40:60, respectively. The results of this study found that rice straw intake in terms of kg was higher in goats fed CRFLK 50:50, 60:40, and 40:60. While CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility were increased in goat fed CRFLK 50:50 and 40:60. The concentration of acetic acid was decreased by supplementation of CRFLK (p < 0.05) whereas NH3-N and propionic acid were increased (p < 0.05) by goat fed CRFLK. However, CH4 was decreased (p < 0.05) as a result of supplementation of CRFLK. The goat fed CRFLK decreased the protozoal population (p < 0.05). Moreover, the bacteria population was increased by fed with CRFLK (p < 0.05). This study concluded that feeding concentrate inclusion with CRFLK 50:50 and 40:60 resulted in higher propionic acid, CP digestibility, and lowest CH4 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanitpan Pongjongmit
- Department of Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
| | - Thitima Norrapoke
- Department of Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, Thailand
| | - Thiwakorn Ampapon
- Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of technology Isan Surin Campus, Surin, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Division of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Thailand
| | - Benjamad Khonkhaeng
- Department of Agricultural Innovation and Technology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kholif AE. A Review of Effect of Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation, Health and Performance of Ruminants. Vet Sci 2023; 10:450. [PMID: 37505855 PMCID: PMC10385484 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are steroid, or triterpene glycoside, compounds found in plants and plant products, mainly legumes. However, some plants containing saponins are toxic. Saponins have both positive and negative roles in animal nutrition. Saponins have been shown to act as membrane-permeabilizing, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic, and defaunating agents in the rumen for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Moreover, it has been reported that saponins have impair protein digestion in the gut to interact with cholesterol in the cell membrane, cause cell rupture and selective ruminal protozoa elimination, thus improving N-use efficiency and resulting in a probable increase in ruminant animal performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Effects of substituting agro-industrial by-products for soybean meal on beef cattle feed utilization and rumen fermentation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21630. [PMID: 36517532 PMCID: PMC9751048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) as an alternative protein source of portentous substances in a concentrate mixture diet of beef cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, plasma urea-nitrogen, energy partitioning, and nitrogen balance. Four Thai-native beef bulls (170 ± 10.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were four levels of CWYW replacing SBM in a concentrated diet at ratios of 0, 33, 67, and 100%. SBM was added to the concentrate diet at a dose of 150 g/kg DM. All cattle were offered ad libitum rice straw and the concentrate diet at 5 g/kg of body weight. The study was composed of four periods, each lasting for 21 days. The findings demonstrated that there was no difference in total dry matter intake, nutritional intake, or digestibility between treatments (p > 0.05). When CWYW replaced SBM at 100% after 4 h of feeding, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population were highest (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acids and energy partitioning were not different (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Urinary nitrogen excretion was greatest (p < 0.05) for cattle fed CWYW to replace SBM at 100% of the concentrate. However, nitrogen absorption and retention for Thai-native cattle were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, CWYW may be utilized as a substitute for SBM as a source of protein in Thai-native beef cattle without having an adverse impact on feed utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, or blood metabolites.
Collapse
|
5
|
Artiles-Ortega E, de la Fé-Rodríguez PY, Reguera-Barreto B, Lima-Orozco R, Fievez V. In vitro rumen degradability of tropical legumes and their secondary metabolites depends on inoculum source. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:330. [PMID: 36173493 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro apparent rumen degradability of organic matter (ARDOM) and plant secondary metabolites (ARDPSM) of three tropical legumes (Mucuna pruriens, Canavalia ensiformis, and Leucaena leucocephala) were assessed. For this, 3 experiments were set up, i.e., single end-point incubations (24 h) with ruminal inoculum from either Belgian or Cuban sheep, as well as kinetic assessments (0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, and 24 h) inoculum from Belgian sheep. L-mimosine, L-canavanine, Concanavalin A (Con A), and trypsin inhibitor (TI) were the plant secondary metabolites (PSM) targeted in this study. In all three experiments, both beans, as well as forage/bean meals of M. pruriens and C. ensiformis and their PSM, were extensively degraded during 24 h incubation, irrespective of the inoculum source (0.44 to 0.70 and 0.43 to 0.78 g/g of organic matter (OM) for ARDOM, respectively, and > 0.80 g/g for L-canavanine, > 0.76 TIU/TIU for TI, and > 0.95 g/g for Con A, for both legumes). Forage meal of L. leucocephala was considerably less degraded, with apparent ruminal degradabilities of 0.20 g/g OM and 0.35 g/g OM after 24 h incubation with Belgian or Cuban sheep inoculum, respectively. This could - at least partially - be related to L-mimosine, present in L. leucocephala, which was hardly degraded in the Belgian incubation, while a more extensive ruminal breakdown was observed under the Cuban conditions (0.05 g/g PSM vs. 0.78 g/g PSM, respectively). The negative effect of L-mimosine on OM degradability was supported in an additional in vitro experiment with straw and inoculum from Belgian sheep, as ruminal degradation of straw was 31% lower when pure L-mimosine was supplemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Einar Artiles-Ortega
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba. .,Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba.
| | - Pedro Yoelvys de la Fé-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Beydis Reguera-Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Raciel Lima-Orozco
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba.,Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CIAP), Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, carretera a Camajuaní km 5½, 54 830, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Effect of Phytonutrients in Terminalia chebula Retz. on Rumen Fermentation Efficiency, Nitrogen Utilization, and Protozoal Population in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162022. [PMID: 36009612 PMCID: PMC9404407 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Terminalia chebula meal (TCM) supplementation on digestibility, rumen fermentation, nitrogen utilization, and protozoal population in goats. Eight goats with an initial body weight (BW) of 13 ± 3.0 kg were randomly assigned according to a double 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive different levels of TCM supplementation at 0, 8, 16, and 24 g/kg of total dry matter (DM) intake, respectively. The goats were fed with concentrate diets at 13 g/kg BW, while rice straw was used as a roughage source, fed ad libitum. The results revealed that the feed intake and the apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (CP) digestibility decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when supplemented with TCM at 24 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05). The addition of TCM did not change the ruminal pH and blood urea nitrogen concentrations (p > 0.05), whereas the concentration of NH3-N at 4 h post feeding was reduced with the inclusion of TCM at 16 and 24 g/kg of total DM intake. The total numbers of bacteria were enhanced by the addition of TCM, while the protozoal population, in both entodiniomorph and holotrich, was reduced (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TCM did not change the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid, or butyric acid, while the propionic acid concentration at 4-h post feeding increased significantly, especially when supplemented at 16 g/kg of total DM intake (p < 0.05. In addition, urinary nitrogen (N) excretion decreased, while fecal N excretion, N absorption, N retention, and the proportion of N retention to N intake increased with the inclusion of TCM at all levels. In summary, the inclusion of TCM could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and N balance without having an adverse effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and rumen ecology; however, the protozoal population decreased. Therefore, this study suggests that TCM (16 g/kg of total DM intake) could be used as a plant source for rumen enhancement in goats fed a diet based on rice straw without having an adverse effect on feed intake or nutrient digestion. However, further studies on the production of types of meat and milk that have a long-term feeding trial should be carried out.
Collapse
|
7
|
Matra M, Wanapat M. Phytonutrient pellet supplementation enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency and milk production of lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:119-126. [PMID: 35573093 PMCID: PMC9078996 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of inclusion of dragon fruit peel pellet (DFPP) and dietary non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, plasma antioxidant activity, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield and composition in lactating Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows. Four animals were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: 300 g DM of DFPP +100 g of urea (T1), 300 g DM of DFPP + 200 g of urea (T2), 400 g DM of DFPP + 100 g of urea (T3), and 400 g DM of DFPP + 200 g of urea (T4), respectively. The results showed that intake of rice straw was increased (P < 0.01) by the DFPP addition. Including DFPP and urea did not affect (P > 0.05) the NDF and ADF digestibilities, but increased the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P < 0.01). Rumen fermentation process, especially the propionate concentration, was significantly increased by the DFPP levels. The plasma antioxidant activity was increased (P > 0.05) with the addition of DFPP. The DFPP improved (P < 0.01) microbial protein synthesis. The supplementation of DFPP and urea increased (P < 0.05) milk fat, whereas milk yield and 3.5% fat corrected milk were only increased (P < 0.05) by the DFPP supplementation. Based on these results, addition of DFPP at 400 g/animal per day with urea at 100 g/animal per day improved rumen fermentation, plasma antioxidant activity, milk yield and milk fat percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
De Bellis P, Maggiolino A, Albano C, De Palo P, Blando F. Ensiling Grape Pomace With and Without Addition of a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain: Effect on Polyphenols and Microbiological Characteristics, in vitro Nutrient Apparent Digestibility, and Gas Emission. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:808293. [PMID: 35280128 PMCID: PMC8907520 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.808293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of different grape pomace storage techniques on the effectiveness as feed on in vitro ruminant digestion efficiency. Grape pomace from an autochthonous red grape variety (cv Nero di Troia) was used as fresh (GP) or ensiled, both without additives (SIL) and with the addition of a bacterial strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 5BG (SIL+). All the different storage treatments were subject to chemical and microbiological evaluation, as well as in vitro digestibility, and gas production. Microbiological data revealed the good quality of grape pomace and silages due to the lactic acid bacteria populations and low presence, or absence, of undesirable microorganisms. The addition of L. plantarum 5BG influenced the chemical characteristics of the silage (SIL+). Ensiling technique deeply changed the polyphenolic composition, reducing anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavanols (condensed tannins precursors), particularly when L. plantarum 5BG was added. Antioxidant capacity was reduced by ensiling, in correlation with the polyphenolic content decrease. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) value of SIL+ was the lowest (P < 0.01) and its total phenol content was lower than SIL (P < 0.01). No statistical differences were observed between GP, SIL, and SIL+ on the antioxidant capacity by TEAC assay (P > 0.05). Ensiling did not affect the grape pomace nutrient profile, except for the reduction in NFC content. Apparent in vitro digestibility showed how ensiling increased dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) disappearance (P < 0.01), particularly with the L. plantarum 5BG inoculation. Moreover, SIL+ showed the lowest propionic acid (P < 0.05) and the highest methane (P < 0.01), butyric acid (P < 0.01), and nitrogen (P < 0.05) in vitro production. Ensiling GP resulted in a better in vitro digestibility, particularly if L. plantarum 5BG strain is added, probably due to the reduction of flavanols and their lower microbial activity inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palmira De Bellis
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Aristide Maggiolino
| | - Clara Albano
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Blando
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahdavirad N, Chaji M, Bojarpour M, Dehghanbanadaky M. Comparison of the effect of sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, and zeolite as rumen buffers on apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen fermentation parameters of Arabi lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:465. [PMID: 34546468 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current research was conducted to compare the effect of various buffers or alkalizers in Arabi lambs and find new and less expensive buffering resources. Forty-five Arabi lambs with an average weight of 29.37 ± 3.63 kg were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments and nine replicates. Treatments included 1 - control diet (no buffer); 2 - base diet + 0.75% sodium sesquicarbonate, 0.75% sodium bicarbonate; 3 - base diet + 2% zeolite; 4 - base diet + 1.5% sodium bicarbonate; and 5 - base diet + 1.5% sodium sesquicarbonate. Results showed that rumen pH increased and ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased in diets containing buffer in comparison to control diet (P < 0.05). Rumen concentration of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio showed reduction in experimental diets compared to control (P < 0.05). The concentration of propionate in control diet increased significantly compared to diets receiving buffer (P < 0.05). Using 1.5% sodium bicarbonate in the diet causes a significant increase in rumen protozoa population compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in dry matter intake and growth performance of lambs. Generally, the effects of using 2% of zeolite were competitive with the effects of other buffers, and caused an increase in the rumen pH and concentration of the acetate. Therefore, the use of buffer in fattening lambs ration fed moderate concentrate diets is beneficial, and it is possible to use low-cost zeolite buffer in the ration of livestock as an alternative to sodium bicarbonate and/or sodium sesquicarbonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mahdavirad
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Chaji
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Bojarpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, 6341773637, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Dehghanbanadaky
- Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cherdthong A, Suntara C, Khota W, Wanapat M. Feed utilization and rumen fermentation characteristics of Thai-indigenous beef cattle fed ensiled rice straw with Lactobacillus casei TH14, molasses, and cellulase enzymes. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Pongjongmit T, Norrapoke T. Effect of additive fermented residues from factory on rumen fermentation and microbial population in beef cattle. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Suboptimal beef production resulting from poor growth performance of the animals in Thailand may be due to insufficient energy and protein in the animal feed. Therefore, there is a need to find new, locally available and economical nutrient-rich feed resources. By-products from the agri-industry could be one such alternative to improve livestock feed quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial population of additive fermented cassava pulp with residues from noodle factory (CN). Four beef cattle at ~2–3 years of age were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Four feed treatments had cassava pulp:residue ratios of 0:0 (NCN), 70:30 (CN1), 60:40 (CN2), 50:50 (CN3). In conclusion, feeding with CN at 60:40 might be an alternative to improve rumen fermentation efficiency, estimated energy, apparent digestibility and bacteria population.
Aims
The aim of the present study was to determine feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial population of cattle fed additive fermented cassava pulp with residues from noodle factory (CN).
Methods
Four beef cattle of ~2–3 years of age and of initial bodyweight of 150 ± 40 kg were randomly assigned to the following four treatments, according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design: cassava pulp:residue at ratios of 0:0 (NCN), 70:30 (CN1), 60:40 (CN2) and 50:50 (CN3) was added. All animals were fed concentrated 16% crude protein and cassava pulp–residue at 1% of bodyweight of animals. Rice straw, water and mineral salt block were offered ad libitum.
Key results
Feed intake and bodyweight change were not affected, while estimated energy intake and nutrient digestibilities increased (P < 0.05) after animals were fed CN2 and CN3. Ruminal pH, ruminal temperature, ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen were not altered by CN, whereas total volatile fatty acids and the proportion of propionate increased with an increasing proportion of residues from noodle factory (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, methane production was reduced by CN. In addition, bacterial population and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were increased (P < 0.05) by CN. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the populations of total bacterial and F. succinogenes increased (P < 0.05), whereas populations of protozoa, R. flavefaciens and R. albus were not significantly different among the treatments.
Conclusions
It is concluded that feeding with CN can improve rumen fermentation efficiency, estimated energy, apparent digestibility and bacterial population. Feeding with CN2 is recommended because it showed the best response
Implications
Agri-industry by-products such as cassava pulp and residues from noodle factory can provide an economical alternative to improve feed quality and, hence, beef animal performace in Thailand.
Collapse
|
12
|
Aboagye IA, Beauchemin KA. Potential of Molecular Weight and Structure of Tannins to Reduce Methane Emissions from Ruminants: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9110856. [PMID: 31652766 PMCID: PMC6912696 DOI: 10.3390/ani9110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regardless of the production system adopted, ruminant livestock contribute to greenhouse emissions that are associated with climate change. Among the greenhouse gases, enteric methane produced from the rumen is of the greatest concern because it is the largest single source of livestock emissions. Among the different dietary strategies examined to decrease methanogenesis in ruminants, the use of tannins shows promise, but has received only moderate attention. However, tannins are abundant in both tropical and temperate plants and so are widely available globally and may be an economical approach for livestock producers to mitigate enteric methane emissions. This review explores the challenges and opportunities of using dietary tannins to reduce enteric methane emissions from ruminants. Abstract There is a need to reduce enteric methane (CH4) to ensure the environmental sustainability of ruminant production systems. Tannins are naturally found in both tropical and temperate plants, and have been shown to consistently decrease urinary nitrogen (N) excretion when consumed by ruminants. However, the limited number of in vivo studies conducted indicates that the effects of tannins on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, CH4 production and animal performance vary depending on source, type, dose, and molecular weight (MW). There are two main types of tannin in terrestrial plants: condensed tannin (CT; high MW) and hydrolysable tannin (HT; low MW). Consumption of CT and HT by ruminants can reduce N excretion without negatively affecting animal performance. High MW tannins bind to dietary protein, while low MW tannins affect rumen microbes, and thus, irrespective of type of tannin, N excretion is affected. The structure of high MW tannin is more diverse compared with that of low MW tannin, which may partly explain the inconsistent effects of CT on CH4 production reported in in vivo studies. In contrast, the limited number of in vivo studies with low MW HT potentially shows a consistent decrease in CH4 production, possibly attributed to the gallic acid subunit. Further in vivo studies are needed to determine the effects of tannins, characterized by MW and structural composition, on reducing CH4 emissions and improving animal performance in ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Aboagye
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cherdthong A, Khonkhaeng B, Foiklang S, Wanapat M, Gunun N, Gunun P, Chanjula P, Polyorach S. Effects of Supplementation of Piper sarmentosum Leaf Powder on Feed Efficiency, Rumen Ecology and Rumen Protozoal Concentration in Thai Native Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040130. [PMID: 30934916 PMCID: PMC6523225 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH₄) is an end-product of enteric fermentation in cattle [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Benjamad Khonkhaeng
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Suban Foiklang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Maejo University, Chiangmai 50290, Thailand.
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Nirawan Gunun
- Program in Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, Thailand.
| | - Pongsatorn Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology-Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon 47160, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand.
| | - Pin Chanjula
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Sineenart Polyorach
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo W, Guo X, Zhu B, Guo Y, Zhou X. In situ degradation, ruminal fermentation, and the rumen bacterial community of cattle fed corn stover fermented by lignocellulolytic microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
15
|
Gunun P, Gunun N, Khejornsart P, Ouppamong T, Cherdthong A, Wanapat M, Sirilaophaisan S, Yuangklang C, Polyorach S, Kenchaiwong W, Kang S. Effects of Antidesma thwaitesianum Muell. Arg. pomace as a source of plant secondary compounds on digestibility, rumen environment, hematology, and milk production in dairy cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 90:372-381. [PMID: 30575219 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mao pomace meal (MPM) contains condensed tannins and saponins at 92 and 98 g/kg, respectively, and these substances can be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation in ruminant. Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows with 45 ± 5 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four different levels of MPM supplementation at 0, 100, 200, and 300 g/head/day, respectively. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at 1:1.5 of concentrate to milk yield ratio and urea-treated (3%) rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results revealed that feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen, and hematological parameters were not affected by MPM supplementation (p > 0.05). However, ruminal pH and propionate were increased quadratically (p < 0.05) in cows receiving MPM whereas acetate, acetate to propionate ratio and estimate methane production were decreased (p < 0.05). Supplementation of MPM linearly decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen and protozoal population at 4 hr postfeeding (p < 0.05). Milk production and milk composition were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of MPM at 200 g/head/day could modify ruminal fermentation and reduce methane production without adverse effect on feed intake, digestibility, hematological parameters, and milk production in dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pongsatorn Gunun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nirawan Gunun
- Program in Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Technology, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani, Thailand
| | - Pichad Khejornsart
- Agro-Bioresources, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Ouppamong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Srisuda Sirilaophaisan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Chalermpon Yuangklang
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sineenart Polyorach
- Department of Animal Production Technology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wootichai Kenchaiwong
- Office of Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cherdthong A, Khonkhaeng B, Seankamsorn A, Supapong C, Wanapat M, Gunun N, Gunun P, Chanjula P, Polyorach S. Effects of feeding fresh cassava root with high-sulfur feed block on feed utilization, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites in Thai native cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|