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Garg CK, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Maiti MK, Shamna N, Varghese T, Deo AD. Effect of graded levels of dietary methionine on growth performance, carcass composition and physio-metabolic responses of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland saline water of 10 ppt. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Ebeneezar S, Vijayagopal P, Srivastava P, Gupta S, Sukumaran S, Sebastian W, Varghese T, Prabu DL, Varghese E, Tejpal C, Sayooj P, Nazar A. Optimum dietary levels of lysine and methionine reduces the crude protein requirement and improves growth in Snubnose pompano (Trachinotus blochii). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prabu DL, Vijayagopal P, Ebeneezar S, Kalidas C, Rameshkumar P, Varghese E, Muniswaran BR. Enzymological, histological, and serum biomarker responses of snubnose pompano on complete replacement of fishmeal using cottonseed meal supplemented with lysine and methionine in the diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:785-804. [PMID: 35553294 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In a feeding experiment, cottonseed meal (CSM) was used to replace fishmeal (FM) in the diet of snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii, supplemented with lysine and methionine to assess the growth, nutritive profile, hematological, histological, and stress biomarker response. Experimental fishes were randomly stocked in five treatments each with triplicates. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets with graded level of CSM (0, 8.7, 17.4, 26.0, and 34.7%) as replacement for FM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) were formulated and fed to respective treatments. Comparison between various parameters among the treatments was made using orthogonal polynomial contrasts to indicate the statistical significance. Higher alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate, and alanine aminotransferase activities were observed in 0CSM group and followed by 100CSM group as higher inclusion level of CSM with higher free gossypol content did not affect the metabolic enzyme activities. The maximum muscular free gossypol accretion of 1.28 mg kg-1 (on wet basis) was recorded in 100CSM group which was very well below the critical limit set by FDA. As a conclusion, fishmeal can be completely replaced using cottonseed meal in the diet of pompano without adverse effect on growth, metabolism, and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India.
| | - Pananghat Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Sanal Ebeneezar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Chellappa Kalidas
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Palsamy Rameshkumar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Eldho Varghese
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
| | - Bose Ramar Muniswaran
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, Ernakulam North (PO), Kochi, 682018, India
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Ji K, Liang H, Ren M, Ge X, Pan L, Yu H. Nutrient metabolism in the liver and muscle of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) in response to dietary methionine levels. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23843. [PMID: 34903775 PMCID: PMC8668952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 75-day rearing trial was designed to study the response of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala to dietary methionine (Met) levels. Three practical diets with graded Met levels (0.40%, 0.84% and 1.28% dry matter) were prepared to feed the juvenile fish. The results showed that the 0.84% Met diet significantly improved the growth compared with 0.40% diets. Compared with 0.84% and 1.28% Met, 0.40% Met significantly increased the hepatic lipid content, while decreasing the muscular lipid and glycogen contents. 0.40% Met decreased the protein levels of phospho-Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein-1 (p-4e-bp1), 4e-bp1 and Ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 in the liver, compared with 0.84% diet, while an increasing trend was observed in the muscle. Met supplementation tended to decrease and increase lipid synthesis in the liver and muscle, respectively, via changing mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 1.28% dietary Met promoted fatty acid β-oxidation and lipolysis in both the liver and muscle by increasing carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, lipoprotein lipase and lipase mRNA levels. Compared with 0.40% and 0.84% dietary Met, 1.28% Met enhanced the mRNA levels of hepatic gluconeogenesis related genes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), and glucose-6-phosphatase, and muscular glycolysis related genes phosphofructokinase (pfk), and pyruvate kinase (pk). The mRNA levels of hepatic pfk, pk and glucokinase were markedly downregulated by 1.28% Met compared with 0.84% level. Muscular pepck, glycogen synthase, and hepatic glucose transporters 2 mRNA levels were induced by 1.28% Met. Generally, deficient Met level decreased the growth of juvenile Megalobrama amblycephala, and the different nutrient metabolism responses to dietary Met were revealed in the liver and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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Irm M, Mu W, Xiaoyi W, Geng L, Wang X, Ye B, Ma L, Zhou Z. The optimum dietary methionine requirement of juvenile humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis): effects on growth, micromorphology, protein and lipid metabolism. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1065-1077. [PMID: 34085155 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate optimum dietary methionine (Met) requirement of juvenile humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) and the influence of dietary methionine (Met) supplementations on growth, gut micromorphology, protein and lipid metabolism. Seven isoproteic (48.91%) and isolipidic diets (10%) were made to contain 0.70, 0.88, 1.04, 1.27 1.46, 1.61 and 1.76% of dry matter Met levels. Results showed that lower survival, weight gain (WG%), protein efficiency ratio (PER), protein productive value (PPV) but higher daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in the Met deficient groups (0.70 and 0.88%). Optimum dietary Met requirement for humpback grouper was found to be 1.07% through the straight-broken line analysis of WG% against Met. Fish fed Met deficient diets (0.70, 0.88%) exhibited lower mRNA levels of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1), target of rapamycin (TOR) as well as S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) than other dietary groups. Whereas, expression of genes related to general control nonderepressible (GCN2) kinase i.e., GCN2 and C/EBPβ enhancer-binding protein β was upregulated in fish fed low Met diets (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were higher in fish fed 0.70 and 0.88% dietary Met group and the lipolytic genes, hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 (CPT-1) showed an opposite variation tendency as FAS or SREBP1. Generally, the optimum Met requirement for humpback grouper was predicted to be 1.07% of dry matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Irm
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Wei Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Wu Xiaoyi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
| | - Lina Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Bo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
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Prabu DL, Ebeneezar S, Chandrasekar S, Kavitha M, Vijayagopal P. Antioxidant defence system based oxidative stress mitigation through dietary jamun tree leaf in experimentally infected snubnose pompano, Trachinotus blochii. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:617-637. [PMID: 33611775 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary jamun tree leaf (JL) on the antioxidant defence system-based disease resistance in juveniles of Trachinotus blochii. The juveniles of snubnose pompano were distributed into four treatment groups in triplicates. Each treatment was fed with a diet containing either 0 (0JL), 0.5 (0.5JL), 1 (1JL) and 1.5% JL (1.5JL) in the feed. After feeding trial, the fishes were experimentally infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The activities of oxidative stress enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase were found to be increasing with increasing level of dietary JL incorporation, and the lower value was witnessed in control group in pre- and post-challenge. After challenge, the alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities in all the treatments were significantly increased (P < 0.05) than the pre-challenge condition and exhibited reverse trend with the antioxidant enzymes. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activities were found higher in 1.5JL group and showed significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments. The respiratory burst activity and liver glycogen content showed an increasing trend as the level of inclusion of JL increased in the diet. The acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly plunged (P < 0.05) after experimental infection, and JL diet fed groups showed better activity. After experimental infection with V. parahaemolyticus, the highest relative percentage of survival was observed in 1JL and 1.5JL groups. Hence, dietary supplementation of jamun tree leaf at the level of 1% is adequate to reduce the oxidative stress and improved the innate immune status through antioxidant defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Linga Prabu
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Sanal Ebeneezar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Selvam Chandrasekar
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Mookaiah Kavitha
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - Pananghat Vijayagopal
- Marine Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala, 682018, India
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