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Wang K, Song D, Zhang X, Datsomor O, Jiang M, Zhao G. Effects of High-Grain Diet on Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, and Rumen Microbial Flora of Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2522. [PMID: 39272306 PMCID: PMC11394336 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the fluctuations in production performance, rumen fermentation, and microbial community in lactating dairy cows fed a high-grain diet (HG). In this study, 16 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with similar milk yields of 16.80 ± 4.30 kg/d, days in milk 171.44 ± 23.25 days, and parity 2.2 ± 1.5 times were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. One group was fed a low-grain diet (LG; 40% concentrate, DM basis; n = 8), and the other group was fed a high-grain diet (HG; 60% concentrate, DM basis; n = 8). The experiment lasted 6 weeks, including 1 week for adaptation. The experimental results showed that the milk fat content in the milk of lactating cows in the HG group was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content showed an increasing trend (0.05 < p < 0.10) compared with the LG group. Compared with the LG group, rumen fluid pH was significantly decreased after feeding a high-grain diet, and contents of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The acetate/propionate significantly decreased (p < 0.05). HG group significantly increased the abundance of Prevotella and Bacteroides in rumen fluid while significantly reducing the abundance of Methanobrevibacter and Lachnospiraceae ND3007_group (p < 0.05). Microorganisms with LDA scores > 2 were defined as unique, with the bacterial genus Anaerorhabdus_furcosa_group identified as a biomarker for the LG group, and the unique bacterial genus in the HG group were Prevotella, Stenotrophomonas, and Xanthomonadaceae. The prediction results of microbial function showed that a total of 18 KEGG differential pathways were generated between the two treatment groups, mainly manifested in metabolic pathways, signal transduction, and the immune system. In conclusion, the HG group promoted rumen fermentation by altering the microbial composition of lactating cows. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of high-grain diets to achieve high yields in intensive dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Damin Song
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Held-Hoelker E, Shellander K, Blaschka C, Drillich M, Iwersen M, Suess D, Gebremedhn S, Tesfaye D, Parys C, Helmbrecht A, Guyader J, Miskel D, Trakooljul N, Wimmers K, Hoelker M. Endometrial DNA methylation signatures during the time of breeding in relation to the pregnancy outcome in postpartum dairy cows fed a control diet or supplemented with rumen-protected methionine. Front Genet 2024; 14:1267053. [PMID: 38327702 PMCID: PMC10847534 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1267053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Post calving metabolic stress reduces the fertility of high producing dairy cows possibly by altering the expression of genes in the maternal environment via epigenetic modifications. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify endometrial DNA methylation marks that can be associated with pregnancy outcomes in postpartum cows at the time of breeding. For this, twelve days post-calving, cows were either offered a control diet or supplemented daily with rumen-protected methionine. Cows showing heat 50-64 days postpartum were artificially inseminated. Endometrial cytobrush samples were collected 4-8 h after artificial insemination and classified based on the pregnancy out comes as those derived from cows that resulted in pregnancy or resulted in no pregnancy. The DNAs isolated from endometrial samples were then subject to reduced representative bisulfite sequencing for DNA methylation analysis. Results showed that in the control diet group, 1,958 differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCGs) were identified between cows that resulted in pregnancy and those that resulted in no pregnancy of which 890 DMCGs were located on chr 27: 6217254-6225600 bp. A total of 537 DMCGs were overlapped with 313 annotated genes that were involved in various pathways including signal transduction, signalling by GPCR, aldosterone synthesis and secretion. Likewise, in methionine supplemented group, 3,430 CpG sites were differentially methylated between the two cow groups of which 18.7% were located on Chr27: 6217254-6225600 bp. A total of 1,781 DMCGS were overlapped with 890 genes which involved in developmental and signalling related pathways including WNT-signalling, focal adhesion and ECM receptor interaction. Interestingly, 149 genes involved in signal transduction, axon guidance and non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions were differentially methylated between the two cow groups irrespective of their feeding regime, while 453 genes involved in axon guidance, notch signalling and collagen formation were differentially methylated between cows that received rumen protected methionine and control diet irrespective of their fertility status. Overall, this study indicated that postpartum cows that could potentially become pregnant could be distinguishable based on their endometrial DNA methylation patterns at the time of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Held-Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Shellander
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina Blaschka
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Iwersen
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Suess
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | | | | | - Dennis Miskel
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Malik MI, Jonker A, Raboisson D, Song B, Rashid MA, Sun X. Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows: A multilevel meta-analytical approach. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:301-316. [PMID: 37709042 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) has been reported to modulate blood biochemistry in dairy cows. However, there is a discrepancy in the literature regarding the effects of dietary Cr supplementation on various blood parameters. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of Cr supplementation in dairy cows on blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), cortisol, and serum total protein (STP) concentrations. Following relevant literature data extraction, a 3-level meta-analytical random effect model was fitted to the data expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) of outcome measures of control versus Cr-supplemented cows (i.e., difference in mean between control and treatment group or pooled standard deviation). The SMD can be categorized as having a small effect (0.20), a moderate effect (0.50), and a large effect (0.80). The meta-regression identified the potential sources of heterogeneity, including the body weight of cows, experimental duration/duration of Cr supplementation, blood sampling time (3 wk before parturition until 4 wk after parturition categorized as the transition period, else as the nontransition period), and form of Cr complexes. Blood glucose did not differ significantly between control and Cr-supplemented cows with an estimated SMD of μ = 0.0071 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.212 to 0.226). The effect of Cr supplementation on blood insulin was also nonsignificant with an SMD of μ = 0.0007 (95% CI: -0.191 to 0.193). Cows receiving Cr supplements had significantly higher levels of glucagon than controls (95% CI: 0.116 to 0.489), with an estimated SMD = 0.303. Combined transition and nontransition data suggest Cr supplementation did not affect the concentration of NEFA. However, in transition cows, Cr supplementation significantly decreased blood NEFA levels as compared with controls (95% CI: -0.522 to -0.0039), with estimated SMD = -0.263. The estimated SMD was μ = -0.1983 (95% CI: -0.734 to 0.337) for cortisol and -0.0923 (95% CI: -0.316 to 0.131) for total protein. In summary, Cr supplementation in the transition cows decreased NEFA concentration. Blood glucose, insulin, cortisol, and STP concentrations were unaffected. However, Cr supplementation increased glucagon concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I Malik
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Arjan Jonker
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Didier Raboisson
- Université de Toulouse, École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), F-31076, Toulouse 31076, France
| | - Baijun Song
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Muhammad A Rashid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China; Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin 132109, China; AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Jiang M, Zhang X, Wang K, Datsomor O, Li X, Lin M, Feng C, Zhao G, Zhan K. Effect of Slow-Release Urea Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal on Lactation Performance, Heat Shock Signal Molecules, and Rumen Fermentation in Heat-Stressed Mid-Lactation Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2771. [PMID: 37685035 PMCID: PMC10486772 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of partially substituting soybean meal in the diet with slow-release urea (SRU) on the lactation performance, heat shock signal molecules, and environmental sustainability of heat-stressed lactating cows in the middle stage of lactation. In this study, 30 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 22.8 ± 3.3 kg, days in milk of 191.14 ± 27.24 days, and 2.2 ± 1.5 parity were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. The constituents of the two treatments were (1) basic diet plus 500 g soybean meal (SM) for the SM group and (2) basic diet plus 100 g slow-release urea and 400 g corn silage for the SRU group. The average temperature humidity index (THI) during the experiment was 84.47, with an average THI of >78 from day 1 to day 28, indicating the cow experienced moderate heat stress conditions. Compared with the SM group, the SRU group showed decreasing body temperature and respiratory rate trends at 20:00 (p < 0.1). The substitution of SM with SRU resulted in an increasing trend in milk yield, with a significant increase of 7.36% compared to the SM group (p < 0.1). Compared to the SM group, AST, ALT, and γ-GT content levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Notably, the levels of HSP-70 and HSP-90α were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The SRU group showed significantly increased acetate and isovalerate concentrations compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). The prediction results indicate that the SRU group exhibits a significant decrease in methane (CH4) emissions when producing 1 L of milk compared to the SM group (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation with SRU tended to increase the milk yield and rumen fermentation and reduce plasma heat shock molecules in mid-lactation, heat-stressed dairy cows. In the hot summer, using SRU instead of some soybean meal in the diet alleviates the heat stress of dairy cows and reduces the production of CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kexin Wang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Miao Lin
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Shanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China;
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (M.J.); (X.Z.); (K.W.); (O.D.); (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Liu S, Wei Z, Deng M, Xian Z, Liu D, Liu G, Li Y, Sun B, Guo Y. Effect of a High-Starch or a High-Fat Diet on the Milk Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Hindgut Fermentation Parameters and Microbiota of Lactating Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2508. [PMID: 37570317 PMCID: PMC10417356 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, changes in milk performance, nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation parameters and microflora were observed by inducing milk fat depression (MFD) in dairy cows fed with a high-starch or a high-fat diet. Eight Holstein cows were paired in a completely randomized cross-over design within two 35 d periods (18 d control period and 17d induction period). During the control period, all cows were fed the low-starch and low-fat diet (CON), and at the induction period, four of the cows were fed a high-starch diet with crushed wheat (IS), and the other cows were fed a high-fat diet with sunflower fat (IO). The results showed that, compared to when the cows were fed the CON diet, when cows were fed the IS or IO diet, they had lower milk fat concentrations, energy corrected milk, 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, feed efficiency and apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF. However, cows fed the IO diet had a lower apparent digestibility of ether extracts. In addition, we observed that when cows were fed the high-starch (IS) or high-fat (IO) diet, they had a higher fecal concentration of propionate and acetate, and a lower NH3-N. Compared to when the cows were fed the CON diet, cows fed the IS diet had a lower pH, and cows fed the IO diet had a lower concentration of valerate in feces. In the hindgut microbiota, the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 was increased, while the Verrucomicrobiota and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group were decreased when cows were fed the IO diet. The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 was increased, while the Alistipes and Verrucomicrobiota decreased, and the Treponema, Spirochaetota and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group showed a decreasing trend when cows were fed the IS diet. In summary, this study suggested that high-starch or high-fat feeding could induce MFD in dairy cows, and the high-fat diet had the greatest effect on milk fat; the high-starch or high-fat diet affected hindgut fermentation and apparent fiber digestibility. The changes in hindgut flora suggested that hindgut microbiota may be associated with MFD in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suran Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ziwei Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Fuyang Bright Ecological Wisdom Ranch, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Fuyang 236328, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenyu Xian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangbin Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaokun Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baoli Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongqing Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Z.W.); (M.D.); (Z.X.); (D.L.); (G.L.); (Y.L.)
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Zhao C, Shen B, Huang Y, Kong Y, Tan P, Zhou Y, Yang J, Xu C, Wang J. Effects of Chromium Propionate and Calcium Propionate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota in Postpartum Heat-Stressed Holstein Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1625. [PMID: 37512797 PMCID: PMC10383091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium propionate (Cr-Pro) and calcium propionate (Ca-Pro) are widely applied in dairy production, especially in the alleviation of heat stress (HS). HS can reduce the abundance of rumen microbiota and the lactation performance of dairy cows. The present work mainly focused on evaluating the effects of Cr-Pro and Ca-Pro on the performance, ruminal bacterial community, and stress of postpartum HS dairy cows as well as identifying the differences in their mechanisms. Fifteen multiparous postpartum Holstein cows with equivalent weights (694 ± 28 kg) and milk yields (41.2 ± 1.21 kg/day) were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON), Cr-Pro (CRPR), and Ca-Pro (CAPR). The control cows received the basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet, while the CRPR group received TMR with 3.13 g/day of Cr-Pro, and the CAPR group received TMR with 200 g/day of Ca-Pro. The rumen microbial 16S rRNA was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform along with the measurement of ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and milking performance. Cr-Pro and Ca-Pro improved lactation performance, increased the rumen VFA concentration, and altered the rumen microbiota of the HS dairy cows. Cr-Pro significantly improved the milk yield (p < 0.01). The richness and diversity of the microbial species significantly increased after feeding on Ca-Pro (p < 0.05). Gene function prediction revealed increased metabolic pathways and biological-synthesis-related function in the groups supplemented with Cr-Pro and Ca-Pro. Our results indicate that the application of Cr-Pro or Ca-Pro can provide relief for heat stress in dairy cows through different mechanisms, and a combination of both is recommended for optimal results in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Panpan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163000, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Malik MI, Raboisson D, Zhang X, Sun X. Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on dry matter intake and milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1076777. [PMID: 37008343 PMCID: PMC10062059 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1076777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral that has been demonstrated to enhance milk production in dairy cows. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary Cr supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition using a meta-analysis based on existing literature. Methods A random effects meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effects of dietary Cr supplementation on DMI, milk production and composition. The heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic and Q test, while Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Results The meta-analysis discovered that Cr-supplemented cows had a significantly higher DMI compared to those not supplemented, with an increase of 0.72 kg/day [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46-0.97]. The regression model indicated that DMI significantly increased by 0.9 g/kg of body weight (BW) and by 80.5 g for an increase of 1 mg of Cr supplement. The supplementation phase was associated with an increase in DMI, with an increase of 0.4582 kg/day for BFP (before parturition) and 0.853 kg/day for AFP (after parturition). The methionine and yeast forms of Cr increased DMI by 0.714 and 1.137 kg/day, respectively. The DMI was increased by 2.137 and 0.620 kg/day for multiparous (MP)+ primiparous (PP) cows and MP cows, respectively. Milk production was also increased by Cr supplementation, with an increase of 1.20 kg/day (95% CI, 0.65-1.76). The regression model indicated that milk production increased by 2.3 g/day for an increase of 1 kg of BW and by 122.4 g/day for an increase of 1 mg of Cr supplement. Milk production also increased with the duration of the experiment and days in milk. The amino acid and methionine forms of Cr complexes increased milk production by 1.645 and 1.448 kg/day, respectively. Milk production increased by 1.087 and 1.920 kg/day for MP and PP cows, respectively. Milk composition was not significantly affected by Cr supplementation. Egger's test for publication biases was not significant for all responses of interest. Discussion The meta-analysis showed that Cr supplementation improves DMI and milk production in dairy cows. The results suggest that the supplementation phase, form of Cr, and parity should be considered when supplementing dairy cows with Cr. The results have important implications for the dairy industry and can contribute to the development of more effective feeding strategies for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad I. Malik
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Didier Raboisson
- Université de Toulouse, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Chocolate byproducts and protected fats enriched with chromium to replace corn in diets of early lactation Holstein cows: feed utilization, blood profile, and lactational performance. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present experiment aimed to evaluate the partial replacement of corn with chocolate byproducts or protected fats in the diet of lactating cows on feed utilization, blood profile and lactation performance. Fifty multiparous Holstein cows (560±22 kg BW, 3±1 parity, 7±1 days in milk, and previous milk production of 34±3 kg/d), were randomly assigned to 5 treatments in a completely randomized design for 90 days. The control diet contained a concentrate feed mixture containing (per kg DM 412 g concentrate feed mixture, 412 g corn silage, and 176 g berseem hay). The control diet contained 17.6% crushed corn (DM basis). In another treatment, the control diet was supplemented with 1 g chromium daily (Chromium diet). In the other diets, each kg of crushed corn grain was replaced with 600 g chocolate byproducts (CH diet), 400 g protected fats (PF diet), or 500 g of chocolate byproducts and protected fats mixture (1:1 DM basis) (CHPF diet), DM basis, and each of the diets was also supplemented with 1 g chromium daily. Both amounts of protected fats and chocolate byproducts had the same energy concentration as 1 kg of corn. Without affecting feed intake, the replacement increased (P<0.01) milk production, milk fat concentration, and feed efficiency. The replacement (P<0.05) increased the concentrations of serum total proteins, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and chromium in comparison with the control diet. Higher (P<0.001) nutrient digestibility was observed with CH, PF, and CHPF treatments. It is concluded that chromium supplementation did not affect feed utilization or cows performance; however, partial replacement of corn with chromium supplemented protected fat, chocolate byproducts or their mixture improved milk production and feed efficiency.
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Jiang M, Datsomor O, Cheng Z, Meng Z, Zhan K, Yang T, Huang Y, Yan Q, Zhao G. Partial Substitution of Alfalfa Hay by Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Hay Can Improve Lactation Performance, Rumen Fermentation, and Nitrogen Utilization of Dairy Cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:899148. [PMID: 35664855 PMCID: PMC9158501 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.899148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of replacing isonitrogenous and isoenergetic basis alfalfa hay (AH) with stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) hay in dairy cow diets on nutrient digestion, milk performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen (N) utilization. In this study, 24 healthy Holstein lactating dairy cattle with a similar milk yield of 33.70 ± 2.75 (mean ± SD) kg, days in milk 95.98 ± 23.59 (mean ± SD) days, and body weight 587.75 ± 66.97 (mean ± SD) kg were selected and randomly allocated into three groups. The constituents of the three treatments were (1) 30.0% AH, and 0% stevia hay (SH) for the AH group; (2) 24.0% AH, and 6% SH for the 6% SH group; (3) 18.0% AH, and 12% SH for the 12% SH group. The substitution of AH with SH did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), gross energy (GE), and other nutrients intake but increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Compared with the AH diet, the cows fed the 6% SH diet had a higher milk yield and concentration of milk fat. Fecal and urinary nitrogen (N) were lower in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed the AH diet. Milk N secretion and milk N as a percentage of N intake were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed AH diets. The concentration of ruminal volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, and ammonia-N were higher in cows fed a 6% SH diet than in cows fed an AH diet. By comparison, the 12% SH group did not affect milk yield, milk composition, N utilization, and rumen fermentation compared with the AH and 6% SH groups. In conclusion, it appears that feeding 6% SH, replacing a portion of AH, may improve lactation performance and N utilization for lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maocheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Osmond Datsomor
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Huang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqi Zhao
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