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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Cai GH, Li S, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. LTA and PGN from Bacillus siamensis can alleviate soybean meal-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in Lateolabrax maculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109618. [PMID: 38729251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
An eight-week feeding trial was designed to assess which component of commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 can mitigate SBM-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) based on TLRs-MAPKs/NF-кB signaling pathways. Fish continuously fed low SBM (containing 16 % SBM) and high SBM (containing 40 % SBM) diets were used as positive (FM group) and negative (SBM group) control, respectively. After feeding high SBM diet for 28 days, fish were supplemented with B. siamensis LF4-derived whole cell wall (CW), cell wall protein (CWP), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or peptidoglycan (PGN) until 56 days. The results showed that a high inclusion of SBM in the diet caused enteritis, characterized with significantly (P < 0.05) decreased muscular thickness, villus height, villus width, atrophied and loosely arranged microvillus. Moreover, high SBM inclusion induced an up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a down-regulation of occludin, E-cadherin, anti-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis related genes and antimicrobial peptides. However, dietary supplementation with CW, LTA, and PGN of B. siamensis LF4 could effectively alleviate enteritis caused by a high level of dietary SBM. Additionally, CWP and PGN administration increased beneficial Cetobacterium and decreased pathogenic Plesiomonas and Brevinema, while dietary LTA decreased Plesiomonas and Brevinema, suggesting that CWP, LTA and PGN positively modulated intestinal microbiota in spotted seabass. Furthermore, CW, LTA, and PGN application significantly stimulated TLR2, TLR5 and MyD88 expressions, and inhibited the downstream p38 and NF-κB signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that LTA and PGN from B. siamensis LF4 could alleviate soybean meal-induced enteritis and microbiota dysbiosis in L. maculatus, and p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathways might be involved in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries college of Jimei university, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Wang F, Xu J, Wang Z, Cao J, Lu Y. Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of the pearl gentian grouper to Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109590. [PMID: 38677631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi causes high mortality and severely limits grouper culture. The gut microbiota is an important biological barrier against pathogen invasion. In this study, we investigated dynamic changes in the intestinal microbial community, gene transcription and immune responses signatures of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♂ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♀) at 0, 3 and 7 days (referred to as d0, d3 and d7 groups, respectively) after infection with V. harveyi. The results demonstrated that the d7 treatment reduced the gut microbial diversity and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Notably, several putative pathogenic genera (Sphingomonas and Bacteroides) proliferated, while putative probiotic genera (Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus) reduced, and these changes in intestinal bacteria might be correlated to the alterations of host immune-related molecules. The d3 and d7 treatments also altered the histomorphology and gene transcription profiles mainly associated with immune function in intestine, such as 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'Apoptosis' and 'Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway'. Furthermore, d3 group induced a homeostatic dysregulation of the antioxidant system, cytokines and TLR signaling, with a tendency to gradually return to a normal state in d7 group, along with the apoptosis process. The pathogenic infection suppressed the expression of JNK pathway and enhanced the ERK pathway. In conclusion, the dysbiosis of the intestinal bacterial communities caused by the immune changes that occurred during V. harveyi infection disrupted the intestine health in the pearl gentian grouper. These results provided a comprehensive understandings of the immune defense mechanisms in fish and valuable references to develop disease control strategies in grouper aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Wang L, Zhang D, Jiang B, Ding H, Feng S, Zhao C, Wang X, Wu J. 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Attenuates Soybean Glycinin/β-Conglycinin-Induced IPEC-J2 Cells Apoptosis by Regulating the Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane and NLRP-3. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5926-5934. [PMID: 38457471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycinin (11S) and β-conglycinin (7S) from soybean (glycine max) cause diarrhea and intestinal barrier damage in young animals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by 7S and 11S, it is vital to develop strategies to eliminate allergenicity. Consequently, we investigated 7S/11S-mediated apoptosis in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells. IPEC-J2 cells suffered endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in response to 7S and 11S, activating protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, C/EBP homologous protein, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha. 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) treatment alleviated ERS; reduced the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 levels; inhibited apoptosis; increased mitofusin 2 expression; and mitigated Ca2+ overload and mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) dysfunction, thereby ameliorating IPEC-J2 injury. We demonstrated the pivotal role of ERS in MAM dysfunction and 7S- and 11S-mediated apoptosis, providing insights into 7S- and 11S-mediated intestinal barrier injury prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Daoliang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Benzheng Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Hongyan Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Shibin Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Xichun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230061, China
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He Y, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Xie S, Chi S, Tan B. An integrated study of glutamine alleviates enteritis induced by glycinin in hybrid groupers using transcriptomics, proteomics and microRNA analyses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301033. [PMID: 38077360 PMCID: PMC10702536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine has been used to improve intestinal development and immunity in fish. We previously found that dietary glutamine enhances growth and alleviates enteritis in juvenile hybrid groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). This study aimed to further reveal the protective role of glutamine on glycinin-induced enteritis by integrating transcriptome, proteome, and microRNA analyses. Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic trial diets were formulated: a diet containing 10% glycinin (11S group), 10% glycinin diet supplemented with 2% alanine-glutamine (Gln group), and a diet containing neither glycinin nor alanine-glutamine (fishmeal, FM group). Each experimental diet was fed to triplicate hybrid grouper groups for 8 weeks. The analysis of intestinal transcriptomic and proteomics revealed a total of 570 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 169 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the 11S and FM comparison group. Similarly, a total of 626 DEGs and 165 DEPs were identified in the Gln and 11S comparison group. Integration of transcriptome and proteome showed that 117 DEGs showed consistent expression patterns at both the transcriptional and translational levels in the Gln and 11S comparison group. These DEGs showed significant enrichment in pathways associated with intestinal epithelial barrier function, such as extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, tight junction, and cell adhesion molecules (P < 0.05). Further, the expression levels of genes (myosin-11, cortactin, tenascin, major histocompatibility complex class I and II) related to these pathways above were significantly upregulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels (P < 0.05). The microRNA results showed that the expression levels of miR-212 (target genes colla1 and colla2) and miR-18a-5p (target gene colla1) in fish fed Gln group were significantly lower compared to the 11S group fish (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ECM-receptor interaction, tight junction, and cell adhesion molecules pathways play a key role in glutamine alleviation of hybrid grouper enteritis induced by high-dose glycinin, in which miRNAs and target mRNAs/proteins participated cooperatively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the RNAs and protein profiles, contributing to a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism for fish enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, China
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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Li S, Cai GH, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. Probiotic components of Bacillus siamensis LF4 mitigated β-conglycinin caused cell injury via modulating TLR2/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling in Lateolabrax maculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109010. [PMID: 37598736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
β-conglycinin is a recognized factor in leading to intestinal inflammation and limiting application of soybean meal in aquaculture. Our previous study reported that heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 could effectively mitigate inflammatory response and apoptosis caused by β-conglycinin in spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) enterocytes, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. In the present study, therefore, whole cell wall (CW), peptidoglycan (PG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and cell-free supernatant (CFS) have been collected from B. siamensis LF4 and their mitigative function on β-conglycinin-induced adverse impacts and mechanisms underlying were evaluated. The results showed that β-conglycinin-induced cell injury, characterized with significantly decreased cell viability and increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic propylic transaminase (P < 0.05), were reversed by subsequent heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 and its CW, LTA, PG and CFS treatment. Enterocytes co-cultured with heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 and its CW, LTA, PG and CFS (especially PG) significantly increased expressions of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1), tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-b) and antimicrobial peptides (β-defensin, hepcidin-1, NK-lysin and piscidin-5), and decreased expressions of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and apoptosis-related genes (caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9) (P < 0.05), indicating their excellent mitigation effects on β-conglycinin-induced cell damages. In addition, heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 and its CW, LTA, PG and CFS significantly increased TLR2 mRNA level (especially in PG treatment), and decreased MAPKs (JNK, ERK, p38 and AP-1) and NF-κB related genes expressions. In conclusion, heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 and its CW, LTA, PG and CFS could modulating TLR2/MAPKs/NF-κB signaling and alleviating β-conglycinin-induced enterocytes injury in spotted seabass (L. maculatus), and PG presented the best potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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He Y, Dong X, Yang Q, Liu H, Zhang S, Chi S, Tan B. Glutamine improves growth and intestinal health in juvenile hybrid groupers fed high-dose glycinin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109003. [PMID: 37604266 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine addition can improve immunity and intestinal development in fish. This study examined the protective roles of glutamine on growth suppression and enteritis induced by glycinin in juvenile hybrid groupers (female Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × male Epinephelus lanceolatus). The experiment set four isonitrogenous and isolipidic trial diets: a diet containing 10% glycinin (11S), 10% of 11S diet supplemented with 1% or 2% alanine-glutamine (1% or 2% Ala-Gln), and a diet containing neither 11S nor Ala-Gln (FM). A feeding trial was conducted in hybrid grouper for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rates in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln were significantly higher than those of the 11S group but were similar to those of the FM group. The intestinal muscular layer thickness, plica height and width of the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly higher than those of Group 11S. The enterocyte proliferation efficiency of the 11S group was significantly lower compared to other groups. Compared with the 11S group, Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln fish had increased intestinal lysozyme activities, complement 3 and immunoglobulin M as well as cathelicidin contents. The mRNA levels of tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-α, and hsp70 genes were more downregulated in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. Compared with FM group, fish from the 11S group had significantly lower mRNA levels of myd88, ikkβ, and nf-κb p65 genes. These three values in the 2% Ala-Gln group were significantly lower than those in Group 11S but not significantly different from those of Group FM. The relative abundance of Vibrio in Group 11S was higher than that in Groups FM and 2% Ala-Gln. Intestinal glutamine, glutaminase, glutamic acid, α-ketoglutarate, malate dehydrogenase and ATP contents were higher in Groups 1% and 2% Ala-Gln than in Group 11S. These results suggest that glutamine is a useful feed additive to enhance growth and intestinal immunity, alleviate inflammation, and modulate gut microbiota in hybrid grouper fed high-dose glycinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa He
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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7
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Yin Y, Zhao X, Yang L, Wang K, Sun Y, Ye J. Dietary High Glycinin Reduces Growth Performance and Impairs Liver and Intestinal Health Status of Orange-Spotted Grouper ( Epinephelus coioides). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2605. [PMID: 37627396 PMCID: PMC10452031 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate whether the negative effects of dietary glycinin are linked to the structural integrity damage, apoptosis promotion and microbiota alteration in the intestine of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The basal diet (FM diet) was formulated to contain 48% protein and 11% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by soybean meal (SBM) in FM diets to prepare the SBM diet. Two experimental diets were prepared, containing 4.5% and 10% glycinin in the FM diets (G-4.5 and G-10, respectively). Triplicate groups of 20 fish in each tank (initial weight: 8.01 ± 0.10 g) were fed the four diets across an 8 week growth trial period. Fish fed SBM diets had reduced growth rate, hepatosomatic index, liver total antioxidant capacity and GSH-Px activity, but elevated liver MDA content vs. FM diets. The G-4.5 exhibited maximum growth and the G-10 exhibited a comparable growth with that of the FM diet group. The SBM and G-10 diets down-regulated intestinal tight junction function genes (occludin, claudin-3 and ZO-1) and intestinal apoptosis genes (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, bcl-2 and bcl-xL), but elevated blood diamine oxidase activity, D-lactic acid and endotoxin contents related to intestinal mucosal permeability, as well as the number of intestinal apoptosis vs FM diets. The intestinal abundance of phylum Proteobacteria and genus Vibrio in SBM diets were higher than those in groups receiving other diets. As for the expression of intestinal inflammatory factor genes, in SBM and G-10 diets vs. FM diets, pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8) were up-regulated, but anti-inflammatory genes (TGF-β1 and IL-10) were down-regulated. The results indicate that dietary 10% glycinin rather than 4.5% glycinin could decrease hepatic antioxidant ability and destroy both the intestinal microbiota profile and morphological integrity through disrupting the tight junction structure of the intestine, increasing intestinal mucosal permeability and apoptosis. These results further trigger intestinal inflammatory reactions and even enteritis, ultimately leading to the poor growth of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Yin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xingqiao Zhao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Lulu Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Kun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.Y.); (K.W.); (Y.S.)
- Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Yang L, Cai M, Zhong L, Shi Y, Xie S, Hu Y, Zhang J. Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal Protein with Chlorella vulgaris Powder on the Growth and Intestinal Health of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2274. [PMID: 37508052 PMCID: PMC10376889 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) powder is a novel non-grain single-cell protein with enormous potential to be a protein source. However, it is poorly studied in aquatic animals. The purpose of the present study was to explore the optimum replacement ratio of C. vulgaris powder and the influence of the substitution of soybean meal with C. vulgaris on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in terms of growth performance, intestinal integrity and the microbial community. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by replacing 0% (SM, containing 30% soybean meal), 25% (X25), 50% (X50), 75% (X75) and 100% (X100) soybean meal with C. vulgaris. The feeding trial period lasted 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental trial, the X50 group showed higher FW, WGR and PER than the SM group (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the X50 group was significantly lower than that of the SM group (p < 0.05). The X50 group showed the highest value of the goblet cell number, intestinal amylase and trypsin activities when compared with the SM group (p < 0.05). Replacing 50% soybean meal with C. vulgaris improved the intestinal barrier integrity, as evidenced by upregulating zo-1, zo-2 and occluding transcript (p < 0.05), and alleviated oxidative stress by an increased SOD enzymatic activity and transcript level, probably mediated through the Nrf2-keap1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the X50 group enhanced intestinal immunity, as manifested by increased ACP and LZM activities (p < 0.05), and downregulated the tlr-4, tlr-7, tlr-8 and il-6 through the tlr pathway (p < 0.05). The functionally predicting pathways related to the nitrate respiration and nitrogen respiration were observably activated in the X50 group (p < 0.05). The X50 group improved the biological barrier, as manifested by increased Firmicutes and Rhodobacter (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary C. vulgaris powder could promote the growth performance of grass carp by restoring intestinal morphology, increasing digestive enzyme activities, improving antioxidant properties and immunity and optimizing the microflora structure. A C. vulgaris powder replacement of 50% soybean meal was recommended as feed for grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minglang Cai
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junzhi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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9
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Wang T, Zhou N, He J, Hao Z, Zhou C, Du Y, Du Z, Su X, Zhang M. Xylanase improves the intestinal barrier function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with soybean (Glycine max) meal. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:86. [PMID: 37415202 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00883-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max) meal is one of the important protein sources for fish, but the non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in soybean meal impair the intestinal barrier function. Here we aimed to investigate whether xylanase can alleviate the adverse effects on the gut barrier induced by soybean meal in Nile tilapia and to explore the possible mechanism. RESULTS Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (4.09 ± 0.02 g) were fed with two diets including SM (soybean meal) and SMC (soybean meal + 3,000 U/kg xylanase) for 8 weeks. We characterized the effects of xylanase on the gut barrier, and the transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism. Dietary xylanase improved intestinal morphology and decreased the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum. The results of transcriptome and Western blotting showed that dietary xylanase up-regulated the expression level of mucin2 (MUC2) which may be related to the inhibition of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (perk)/activating transcription factor 4 (atf4) signaling pathways. Microbiome analysis showed that addition of xylanase in soybean meal altered the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the concentration of butyric acid in the gut. Notably, dietary sodium butyrate was supplemented into the soybean meal diet to feed Nile tilapia, and the data verified that sodium butyrate mirrored the beneficial effects of xylanase. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, supplementation of xylanase in soybean meal altered the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the content of butyric acid which can repress the perk/atf4 signaling pathway and increase the expression of muc2 to enhance the gut barrier function of Nile tilapia. The present study reveals the mechanism by which xylanase improves the intestinal barrier, and it also provides a theoretical basis for the application of xylanase in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junyi He
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chentao Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yidi Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhenyu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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10
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Liu ZY, Yang HL, Ding XY, Li S, Cai GH, Ye JD, Zhang CX, Sun YZ. Commensal Bacillus siamensis LF4 ameliorates β-conglycinin induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells of Lateolabrax maculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108797. [PMID: 37149232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
β-conglycinin and glycinin, two major heat-stable anti-nutritional factors in soybean meal (SM), have been suggested as the key inducers of intestinal inflammation in aquatic animals. In the present study, a spotted seabass intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) were used to compare the inflammation-inducing effects of β-conglycinin and glycinin. The results showed that IECs co-cultured with 1.0 mg/mL β-conglycinin for 12 h or 1.5 mg/mL glycinin for 24 h significantly decreased the cell viability (P < 0.05), and overstimulated inflammation and apoptosis response by significantly down-regulating anti-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1) expressions and significantly up-regulated pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and apoptosis genes (caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9) expressions (P < 0.05). Subsequently, a β-conglycinin based inflammation IECs model was established and used for demonstrating whether commensal probiotic B. siamensis LF4 can ameliorate the adverse effects of β-conglycinin. The results showed β-conglycinin-induced cell viability damage was completely repaired by treated with 109 cells/mL heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 for ≥12 h. At the same time, IECs co-cultured with 109 cells/mL heat-killed B. siamensis LF4 for 24 h significantly ameliorated β-conglycinin-induced inflammation and apoptosis by up-regulating anti-inflammatory genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β1) expressions and down-regulated pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) and apoptosis genes (caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9) expressions (P < 0.05). In summary, both β-conglycinin and glycinin can lead to inflammation and apoptosis in spotted seabass IECs, and β-conglycinin is more effective; commensal B. siamensis LF4 can efficiently ameliorate β-conglycinin induced inflammation and apoptosis in IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xi-Yue Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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11
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Zhu R, Liu Z, Lu M, Wu X, Zhao X, Wang HH, Quan YN, Wu LF. The protective role of vitamin C on intestinal damage induced by high-dose glycinin in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108589. [PMID: 36773713 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the mitigative effects of vitamin C (VC) on growth inhibition and intestinal damage induced by glycinin in juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski. 270 healthy juvenile Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski (4.65 ± 0.04 g) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, and fed with control diet, 80 g/kg glycinin diet and 80 g/kg glycinin+200 mg/kg VC diet respectively for 8 weeks. The results showed that glycinin significantly decreased the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency rate, feed efficiency rate and feeding rate of fish compared with the control group (P < 0.05), while VC supplementation improved the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency, and reached a level similar to the control group. Similarly, VC significantly increased the crude protein content of muscle and whole-body, and hepatopancreas and intestinal protease activities of fish fed with glycinin diet (P < 0.05). The distal intestine of fish in glycinin group showed typical damage characteristics, including breakage and atrophy of intestinal mucosal fold, and increased intestinal mucosal permeability. However, fish fed the glycinin + VC diet showed an unimpaired normal intestinal morphology. Usefully, VC supplementation could also restore impaired immune function and antioxidant capacity. VC down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β in the distal intestine of fish fed with glycinin. Furthermore, glycinin exposure could reduce the mRNA levels of HO-1, CAT and GPx by inhibiting the activation of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, while VC supplementation reversed this phenomenon and maintained the homeostasis of antioxidant defense system. Concluded, glycinin causes growth inhibition, digestive dysfunction and intestinal damage of Rhynchocypris lagowskii Dybowski, while sufficient VC intake is beneficial for fish to resist the adverse effects of glycinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zongyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xueyuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Hong-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ya-Nan Quan
- Jingyuetan Reservoir Management Office, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Li-Fang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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12
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Luo Q, Qian R, Qiu Z, Yamamoto FY, Du Y, Lin X, Zhao J, Xu Q. Dietary α-ketoglutarate alleviates glycinin and β-conglycinin induced damage in the intestine of mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140012. [PMID: 37187750 PMCID: PMC10179059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the glycinin and β-conglycinin induced intestinal damage and α-ketoglutarate alleviating the damage of glycinin and β-conglycinin in intestine. Carp were randomly divided into six dietary groups: containing fish meal (FM) as the protein source, soybean meal (SM), glycinin (FMG), β-conglycinin (FMc), glycinin+1.0% α-ketoglutarate (AKG) (FMGA), β-conglycinin+1.0% AKG (FMcA). The intestines were collected on 7th, and the hepatopancreas and intestines were collected on 56th. Fish treated with SM and FMc displayed reduced weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency. On 56th day, Fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. FMGA and FMcA had higher SOD activity than those fed on the FMG and FMc, respectively. In intestine, fish fed on the SM diets collected on 7th presented upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ1), AMP-activated protein kinase beta (AMPKβ), AMPKγ, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Fish fed FMG presented upregulated expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), caspase9, and AMPKγ, while downregulated the expression of claudin7 and AMPKα. FMc group presented upregulated expression of TGFβ1, caspase3, caspase8, and ACC. Fish fed FMGA showed upregulated expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c, claudin7, while downregulating the expression of TNF-α and AMPKγ when compared to fish fed FMG diet. FMcA upregulated the expression of TGFβ1, claudin3c than fed on the FMc. In intestine, the villus height and mucosal thickness of the proximal intestine (PI) and the distal intestine (DI) were decreased and crypt depth of the PI and mid intestine (MI) were increased in SM, FMG and FMc. In addition, fish fed on SM, FMG and FMc presented lower citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC) Na+/K+-ATPase activity in DI. FMGA had higher CS, ICD, α-KGDHC, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in PI and MI than those fed on the FMG. FMcA had higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity in MI. In conclusion, dietary soybean meal destroys the intestine's health, the adverse effects are related to the presence of β-conglycinin and glycinin, especially glycinin. AKG may regulate intestinal energy via tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby alleviating the damage intestinal morphology caused by the dietary soybean antigen proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohua Luo
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Rendong Qian
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng Qiu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Fernando Y. Yamamoto
- Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Yingying Du
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lin
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Nation Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Bioresource Conservation and Development Technology, Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiyou Xu,
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13
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Ma S, Wang H, Dou Y, Liang X, Zheng Y, Wu X, Xue M. Anti-Nutritional Factors and Protein Dispersibility Index as Principal Quality Indicators for Soybean Meal in Diet of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus GIFT), a Meta-Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141831. [PMID: 35883378 PMCID: PMC9312040 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is the most important plant protein source in animal feed. This study investigated the characteristics of different SBMs, produced by soybeans from America and Brazil (SBM-A and SBM-B) in 2017−2021 under the same controlled conditions. The effects of different SBMs on the growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT) and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients and energy were studied. The results showed that protein dispersibility index (PDI), urease activity (UA), glycinin and fiber were the four primary key indicators for distinguishing the characteristics of the tested SBMs. The meta-analysis results suggested that UA, glycinin, and fiber showed a negative effect on the survival rate (SR) and weight gain rate (WGR) of the Nile tilapia, whereas β-conglycinin, PDI, and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) had a positive effect on the SR and WGR of the fish. The ADCs of dry matter, the gross energy, phosphorus, crude protein, valine (Val), lysine (Lys), histidine (His), serine (Ser), and glutamate (Glu) of the Diet-A group (SBM-A inclusion) were significantly higher than those in the Diet-B group (SBM-B inclusion) (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found in ADCs of macro-nutrients between the two SBMs (p > 0.05). Overall, PDI, UA, glycinin, and fiber were the main indicators reflecting the characteristics of the tested SBMs, and UA, glycinin, β-conglycinin, and PDI had the greatest impact on the growth performance of Nile tilapia in this study. PDI was a more sensitive indicator than NSI for representing the protein quality of SBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Xue
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-8210-9753
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