1
|
Turk R, Rošić N, Beer Ljubić B, Vince S. Effects of Summer Heat on Adipose Tissue Activity in Periparturient Simmental Cows. Metabolites 2024; 14:207. [PMID: 38668335 PMCID: PMC11051855 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot climate is one of the major factors affecting the dairy industry. Heat stress could be responsible for decreased feed intake and consequently leads to alterations in energy metabolism, particularly during late pregnancy and early lactation. This study aimed to assess the effects of summer heat on adipose tissue activities during the periparturient period in Simmental cows. Two groups of cows were involved: heat-stressed cows (n = 12) that calved from June to August and thermoneutral cows (n = 12) that calved from October to December. Blood samples were taken from each cow during the periparturient period: 21 and 7 days before calving and 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 days after calving. Glucose, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), leptin (LP), and adiponectin (ADP) were measured in serum samples by commercial kits. Thermoneutral cows expressed higher degrees of lipomobilization syndrome than heat-stressed cows, indicated by significantly higher serum NEFA and BHB concentrations in the early lactation. Leptin levels were significantly decreased, while adiponectin was increased in heat-stressed cows compared to thermoneutral ones. The results indicated that heat-stressed cows during the periparturient period mobilized less fat from adipose tissue to reduce the heat generation by fatty acid oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Rošić
- Veterinary Practice Jastrebarsko, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
| | - Blanka Beer Ljubić
- Laboratory of Internal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvijo Vince
- Department for Reproduction with Clinic for Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Missio D, Leivas FG, Cibin F, Emanuelli T, Somacal S, Buss V, Gasperin B, Oliveira DED, Gonçalves PBD, Ferreira R. Vitamin E reduces the reactive oxygen species production in dominant follicle during the negative energy balance in cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:1662-1671. [PMID: 37743826 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
In the postpartum period, there is an increase in non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in both serum and follicular fluid (FF) of cattle. The increase in fatty acid concentration results in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can compromise bovine fertility. The objectives of this study were to characterize the lipid profile found in the FF of cows experiencing induced negative energy balance (NEB) and to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol in the prevention of oxidative stress in the serum and FF of cows. Twenty-nine beef cows were divided into groups: (1) control; (2) Fasting for 24 days; and (3) Fasting + VitE. Between D0 and D4 blood samples were taken to assess concentrations of NEFA, ROS production, total antioxidant capacity (FRAP), lipid peroxidation, and α-tocopherol (vitamin E). On D4, follicular aspiration was performed for analysis of FF from the dominant follicle. Our results demonstrate that fasting was effective in causing increased fat mobilization in animals. The increase in serum concentration of C18:1c9 was reflected in the FF of fasting cows. Serum α-tocopherol concentration was higher in the control and Fasting + VitE groups compared to the Fasting group. In FF, there was an increase of α-tocopherol in the Fasting + VitE group in comparison to Fasting cows. There was an increase in ROS production in the serum of fasting cows. ROS production in FF was higher in the Fasting compared to the Fasting + VitE group. Vitamin E has beneficial effects in reducing ROS production in the dominant follicle of cows in NEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Missio
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabio Gallas Leivas
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, BIOTECH, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Francielli Cibin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, BIOTECH, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Alimentary Technology and Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Buss
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, BIOTECH, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Gasperin
- Department of Animal Pathology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University, Chapecó, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Arshad U, Zenobi MG, Tribulo P, Staples CR, Santos JEP. Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected choline on hepatic metabolism during induction of fatty liver in dry pregnant dairy cows. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290562. [PMID: 37796906 PMCID: PMC10553221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of supplementing increasing amounts of choline ion on hepatic composition and mRNA abundance in pregnant dry cows subjected to a fatty liver induction protocol. Holstein cows (35 primiparous and 41 multiparous) at mean (± standard deviation) of 211 ± 9.9 days of gestation were blocked by body condition (3.59 ± 0.33) and assigned to receive 0, 6.45, 12.90, 19.35, and 25.80 g/day of choline ion as rumen-protected choline (RPC) as a top-dress for 14 days. Cows were fed for ad libitum intake on days 1 to 5 and restricted to 30% of the required net energy for lactation from days 6 to 14 of the experiment. Hepatic tissue was sampled on days 5 and 14 and analyzed for concentrations of triacylglycerol and glycogen, and mRNA abundance was investigated. Orthogonal contrasts evaluated the effects of supplementing RPC (0 g/day vs. rest), and the linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of increasing intake of choline ion from 6.45 to 25.80 g/day. Results are depicted in sequence of treatments from 0 to 25.8. During feed restriction, RPC reduced the concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol by 28.5% and increased that of glycogen by 26.1%, and the effect of increasing RPC intake on triacylglycerol was linear (6.67 vs. 5.45 vs. 4.68 vs. 5.13 vs. 3.81 ± 0.92% wet-basis). Feeding RPC during feed restriction increased abundance of transcripts involved in choline metabolism (CHKA, PLD1), synthesis of apolipoprotein-B100 (APOB100), and antioxidant activity (GPX3), and decreased the abundance of transcripts involved in hepatic lipogenesis (DGAT2, SREBF1) and acute phase response (SAA3). Most effects were linear with amount of choline fed. Changes in hepatic mRNA abundance followed a pattern of reduced lipogenesis and enhanced lipids export, which help explain the reduced hepatic triacylglycerol content in cows fed RPC. Choline exerts lipotropic effects in dairy cows by altering transcript pathways linked to hepatic lipids metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Marcos G. Zenobi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Paula Tribulo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Staples
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - José E. P. Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ökmen G, Giannetto D, Fazio F, Arslan K. Investigation of Pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.) Flowers' Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activities against Different Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:394. [PMID: 37368780 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower's extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülten Ökmen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Daniela Giannetto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Kutbettin Arslan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla 48000, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Behling-Kelly E, Wong C. Agarose gel electrophoresis determination of bovine lipoproteins compared with a wet chemistry method. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:373-376. [PMID: 36340906 PMCID: PMC9623755 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of serum lipoproteins provides information relative to the overall metabolic health, degree of lipid mobilization, and hepatic function of dairy cattle. Automated assays performed on benchtop chemistry analyzers and commercially available kits use reagents developed for human lipoproteins. The substantial physical and chemical differences between bovine and human lipoproteins potentially confounds the use of these assays in evaluating bovine lipoproteins. In this study, we prospectively analyzed serum lipoproteins from 56 Holstein cows using horizontal slab agarose gel electrophoresis to semi-quantify the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions by optical densitometry. Ultracentrifugation was used to confirm the electrophoretic separation pattern of the lipoproteins. The values obtained using the electrophoretic method were compared with values obtained by direct measure of HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations on a Roche chemistry analyzer, and calculated LDL cholesterol. Correlation between these methods was poor for HDL (Passing-Bablok regression line: y = 30.31 + 0.853x) and could not be calculated for LDL. Automated HDL values were equal to, or higher than, the total cholesterol concentration in 25 of the 56 samples. The TG concentrations were above the reference interval in 18 samples, and these samples had an average of 96% of the cholesterol measured as HDL by the automated method, and 78% HDL by electrophoresis. Given that it is physiologically impossible to have more cholesterol within the HDL fraction than in the total serum fraction, and the increased proportion of TG found in LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein, our results draw into question the accuracy of the Roche automated assay in quantifying bovine lipoprotein fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Behling-Kelly
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - C. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Theinert KB, Snedec T, Pietsch F, Theile S, Leonhardt AS, Spilke J, Pichelmann S, Bannert E, Reichelt K, Dobeleit G, Fuhrmann H, Baumgartner W, Schären-Bannert M, Starke A. Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Total Lipid Concentration and Lipid Fractions in Liver Tissue of Periparturient German Holstein Dairy Cows of Two Age Groups. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:814808. [PMID: 35372546 PMCID: PMC8967350 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.814808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver syndrome (FLS) is a common disease in high-producing dairy cows. Studies in humans suggest that the different hepatic lipid fractions play a role in this context. In dairy cows, little is known about the composition of fat stored in the liver, its periparturient dynamics, and the effect of cows' age. Therefore, our goal was to generate primary data in healthy cows to serve as reference values for future studies. Eight healthy German Holstein cows (2nd lactation, n = 3; ≥3rd lactation, n = 5) were examined 14 d antepartum and 7, 28, and 42 d postpartum. The examinations included clinical assessment, liver biopsy, blood sampling, and recording of milk yield. Total lipids (TL) in liver tissue were measured gravimetrically. The TL were separated into lipid fractions (triacylglycerol, TAG; phospholipids, PL; non-esterified fatty acids, NEFA; and cholesterol esters) using thin-layer chromatography, followed by gas chromatography for fatty acid determination. Concentrations of NEFA, ß-hydroxybutyrate, and cholesterol were analyzed in blood. Concentrations of TL, TAG, NEFA, and cholesterol esters in liver tissue and NEFA in blood increased in the periparturient period. The older cows had higher hepatic TL, TAG, and PL concentrations, higher relative hepatic concentrations of TAG in TL, higher NEFA concentrations in blood, a greater decrease in body condition, and higher milk yields between d 9 and 40 than the younger cows. We proposed that due to higher milk yield, older cows mobilized and deposited more fat in the liver, and the increase in hepatic TAG concentration was longer-lasting than in younger cows. Higher levels of structural lipids (PL) in older cows could be explained by higher demand for storage of TAG and cholesterol esters in lipid droplets or for the export of TAG via very-low-density lipoproteins. Results show that hepatic fat storage is a reversible process and does not necessarily cause clinical disease. Nevertheless, older cows have a more sustained and greater increase in hepatic TAG concentration, which may explain their increased risk of FLS. The results are limited in their extrapolation due to the small sample size and thereby possible selection bias but present a valuable basis for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B. Theinert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Teja Snedec
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fabian Pietsch
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Theile
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Leonhardt
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Spilke
- Biometrics and Informatics in Agriculture Group, Institute of Agriculture and Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Pichelmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Reichelt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Dobeleit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Schären-Bannert
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Schären-Bannert
| | - Alexander Starke
- Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Spaans OK, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Hickey A, Crookenden MA, Heiser A, Burke CR, Phyn CVC, Roche JR. Temporal profiles describing markers of inflammation and metabolism during the transition period of pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:2669-2698. [PMID: 34998544 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of the dairy cow while transitioning from pregnancy to lactation is complex, with multifactorial processes studied extensively for the role they play in manifestation of disease along with associated economic losses and compromised animal welfare. Manuscripts outlining associations among nutrition, production, physiology, and genetics variables and transition cow disorders are common in literature, with blood analytes that are central to energy metabolism (e.g., nonesterified fatty acids; NEFA, β-hydroxybutyrate; BHB) often reported. Immunity and inflammation have increasingly been explored in the pathogenesis and persistence of disorders, with cytokines and acute phase proteins well documented. However, most of these studies have involved cows fed total mixed rations, which may not always reflect profiles of blood analytes and other physiological indicators of transition cow health in grazing cows consuming fresh pasture. Considering the comparatively lesser characterization of these analytes and markers in pasture-based, seasonal-calving dairy cows, we compiled a database consisting of 2,610 cow lactations that span 20 yr of transition cow research in New Zealand. Using this database, analyte profiles from approximately 28 d precalving to 35 d postcalving were identified in dairy cows with a range of genetics, milk production potentials, and pasture-based farm management systems. These profiles characterize changes in energy reserves and metabolism (NEFA, BHB, glucose, insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, body condition score, body weight), liver function (globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, cholesterol, liver triacylglycerides), protein metabolism (albumin, total protein, albumin:globulin ratio, creatinine, urea, creatine kinase), mineral balance (calcium, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate), inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, haptoglobin, reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity), and uterine health (polymorphonuclear cells, macrophage cells, vaginal discharge score). Temporal changes are generally consistent with previously characterized homeorhetic changes experienced by the dairy cow during the transition from pregnancy to lactation in both pastoral and housed systems. Some of the profiles had not previously been presented for pastoral systems, or in some cases, presented for either system. Our results indicate that moderate-yielding dairy cows undergo similar homeorhetic changes to high-yielding housed cows; however, differences in diet composition result in greater BHB concentrations than expected, based on their milk production and NEFA concentrations. In addition, most cows were able to transition to a state of higher energy requirement following calving, albeit with an increased metabolic challenge in the liver, and only a small percentage of cows were classified with severe hepatic lipidosis or severe hyperketonemia. Increases in metabolic function of the liver were accompanied by changes in indicators of the immune system and changes in mineral balance that, combined, probably reflect the innate response to the transition from gestation to lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O K Spaans
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240.
| | - B Kuhn-Sherlock
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - A Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand 1142
| | - M A Crookenden
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - A Heiser
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - J R Roche
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand 1142
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Circulating oxidative stress status in Bedouin she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) during the peripartum period. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:446. [PMID: 34427777 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the oxidative stress status in blood plasma of nomadic she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. From 12 late pregnant she-camels, blood was sampled weekly as they progressed from the third week prepartum up to the third week postpartum. Levels of albumin, uric acid, and malondialdehyde (a biomarker of lipid peroxidation) concentrations were fairly constant (P > 0.05) throughout the sampling times. Compared to the initial time (third week prepartum), values of the superoxide anion, total peroxides, and protein carbonyl (a biomarker of protein peroxidation) increased (P < 0.05) by more than 67%, 43%, and 23%, respectively, at parturition and this increase extended to the first week postpartum. Ascorbic acid concentration lost more than 20% (P < 0.05) of its value at parturition. Bilirubin value increased as camels progressed from the first week pre- up to the first week postpartum, and reached its maximum value (~ 2.5 fold) at parturition. Superoxide dismutase activity increased (P < 0.05) by 71.7% at the first week pretpartum and by 57% at parturition. Total antioxidant capacity level increased (P < 0.05) by ~ 25% at the first week prepartum and remained at this high level up to the second week postpartum. It seems that periparturient camels experience a substantial oxidative stress particularly at parturition and the week after calving as indicated by the increased peroxidative by-products of proteins in parallel to the enhanced production of pro-oxidants.
Collapse
|
9
|
Duran MJ, Kannampuzha-Francis J, Nydam D, Behling-Kelly E. Characterization of Particle Size Distribution of Plasma Lipoproteins in Dairy Cattle Using High-Resolution Polyacrylamide Electrophoresis. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.678085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipoproteins play critical roles in energy metabolism and inflammation. Concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are linked to reproductive outcomes and milk yields in dairy cattle. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which are enzymatically formed in the blood from very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) following secretion by the liver, have been used as a surrogate marker of liver function due to the rapid influx of circulating VLDL into the lactating mammary gland. In humans, the composition of plasma lipoproteins is reflected in lipoprotein particle size distribution, and both of these parameters are highly predictive of disease development and related health outcomes. Bovine HDL are overall larger, less dense particles compared to human HDL. Lipoprotein particle size distribution in both health and disease is understudied in the bovine. We hypothesize that a more detailed analysis of lipoproteins could hold diagnostic and/or prognostic value in the study of dairy cattle health and production. In this study, we took the first steps in this characterization and used a high-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic assay to better define LDL and HDL at the subfraction level in Holstein cows at different stages of lactation. We extensively characterized the lipoprotein particle size distribution in healthy lactating dairy cattle. We identified subfractions of LDL that were prominent only in the dry period and subfractions of HDL that were highest in cows during mid-lactation. Use of this method could be informative in the study of multiple herds and management strategies, including longitudinal evaluation of animals and production parameters.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tosto MSL, Santos SA, Filho RDCP, Rodrigues TCGDC, Nicory IMC, de Carvalho GGP, Bittencourt RF, Ayres MCC, Pereira TCDJ. Metabolic and behavior changings during the transition period as predictors of calving proximity and welfare of dairy goats. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 11:100168. [PMID: 33598586 PMCID: PMC7868806 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This Research aimed to evaluate the metabolic status and behavior changes during the transition period in dairy goats from three breeds, under tropical conditions. Thirty multiparous female goats were kept in pens, distributed randomly by breeds. Infrared cameras were fitted in the pens to monitor the animals, and its activities were recorded. Goats displayed varied idle, standing, walking, and feeding behaviors at kidding day (P < 0.10) when compared with the days after and before. Agnostic interactions prevailed between 3.33 and 7.98% of the time on the day of kidding. There was a day effect for the exploratory activities (P < 0.10), where the most exploratory activities were observed on the day of kidding. The milk production and fat content differed according to breed and lactation week. Collective pens for lactating goats, kept in a tropical environment, do not compromise the social behavior and welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Silva Libânio Tosto
- Corresponding author. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, 500, Ondina, Zipcode 40170-110, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dehghan Shahreza F, Seifi HA, Mohri M. The effects of dry period body condition score on some trace minerals, oxidative, and inflammatory indicators in transition dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Body condition score (BCS) management throughout the dry period to calving is one of the strategies that can ensure optimal overall health and high milk yield after parturition.
Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BCS during the dry period on serum concentrations of some trace elements, oxidative, and inflammatory indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.
Methods
Fifty multiparous cows were classified based on their dry BCS (scale of 1 to 5) at the beginning of dry period as non-fat (NFC) (BCS <3.75; BCS minimum: 3; BCS maximum: 3.5, BCS means: 3.36; n = 25), and fat (FC) (BCS ≥ 3.75; BCS maximum: 4.25, means: 3.87; n = 25) groups, and received similar diet and kept under same management condition. Sampling was performed at 14 ± 2 days before expected calving date and 10, 20 and 30 days after calving.
Key results
FC had lower zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Furthermore, iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly higher in FC in comparison with NFC –14 days before parturition. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and haptoglobin (Hp) elevated significantly in FC 20 days after calving, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in NFC on day 14 before calving. Its activities increased significantly in FC on day30thof lactation. In addition, the highest serum ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) and copper (Cu) and the lowest serum paraoxonase 1(PON1) and iron (Fe) concentrations were observed on day 20th of lactation.
Conclusion
Serum Zn, Mn, and Cr amounts were significantly affected by BCS. Furthermore, fat cows had more extensively endogenous antioxidant and inflammatory responses.
Implication
Our data highlights the fact that although all cellular metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory processes varied at different times of transition period, fat cows are more susceptible to metabolic and health disorders than non-fat animals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Piras C, Morittu VM, Spina AA, Soggiu A, Greco V, Ramé C, Briant E, Mellouk N, Tilocca B, Bonizzi L, Roncada P, Dupont J. Unraveling the Adipose Tissue Proteome of Transition Cows through Severe Negative Energy Balance. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1013. [PMID: 31766506 PMCID: PMC6940989 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat mobilization in high-yielding dairy cows during early lactation occurs to overcome negative energy balance (NEB), caused by insufficient feed intake and the concomitant increased nutritional requirements. For this reason, adipose tissue represents an essential organ for healthy and performant lactation. However, only a few data are known about adipose tissue proteome and its metabolic status during peripartum. The aim of this study was to analyze the differential proteomics profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue belonging to cows with different NEB scores (low NEB and severe NEB). Both groups were analyzed at three different time points (one month before calving, one and sixteen weeks after calving) that were related to different levels and rates of adipose tissue mobilization. The dataset highlighted the differential expression of the same four key proteins (annexin A2, actin-related protein 10, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fatty acid-binding protein) involved in lipid metabolism during all time points and of other 22 proteins typical of the other comparisons among remaining time points. The obtained dataset suggested that the individual variability in adipose tissue metabolism/mobilization/energy availability could be linked to the different outcomes in levels of energy balance and related physical complications among dairy cows during peripartum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Reading RG66AH, UK;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graæcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Anna Antonella Spina
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graæcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Viviana Greco
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Christelle Ramé
- Department of Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems, French National Institute for Agricultural Research—INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.R.); (E.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Eric Briant
- Department of Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems, French National Institute for Agricultural Research—INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.R.); (E.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Namya Mellouk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems, French National Institute for Agricultural Research—INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.R.); (E.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graæcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graæcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.M.); (A.A.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- Department of Animal Physiology and Livestock Systems, French National Institute for Agricultural Research—INRA, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; (C.R.); (E.B.); (N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nedić S, Vakanjac S, Samardžija M, Borozan S. Paraoxonase 1 in bovine milk and blood as marker of subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:323-332. [PMID: 31352281 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine serum lipid values and parameters of oxidative stress in blood and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis (SCM) caused by Staphylococcus aureus and to establish association between these parameters. The study was performed on total of 104 cows assigned into control group of healthy animals (n = 12) and two groups of cows with SCM, either SCM1 group (n = 37) with ˂ 1000 CFU/mL of S. aureus or SCM2 group (n = 55) with ≥1000 CFU/mL of causative agent in milk. Significantly lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) in SCM2 group and higher low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in both SCM groups were recorded. Significantly lower paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and higher lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) concentration in blood and milk were recorded in both groups of SCM cows vs control. In blood serum of cows from SCM2 group significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but significantly lower total antioxidative capacity (TAC) were obtained. In milk serum of SCM cows were detected significantly higher concentrations of H2O2 and MDA, but significantly lower TAC vs control. There was a significant positive correlation between PON1 in serum with HDLC, but negative correlation with LDL-C and LOOH. In milk, PON1 negatively correlated with LOOH and somatic cell counts (SCC). Strong positive correlation was obtained between PON1 in blood and milk. Oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction induced by SCM significantly lowered PON1 activity in blood and milk of affected cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Nedić
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Vakanjac
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sunčica Borozan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kovačić M, Samardžija M, Đuričić D, Vince S, Flegar-Meštrić Z, Perkov S, Gračner D, Turk R. Paraoxonase-1 activity and lipid profile in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1555090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Samardžija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Silvijo Vince
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Damjan Gračner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Romana Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rios TS, Esqueda MTST, Cruz AD, Mora JLC, Perrusquía RG, Morales JLR, Velasco JLF, Bautista JH. Oxidative state of ewes with different number of parity during gestation and lactation. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2017001200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to assess the changes in some indicators of oxidative status during pregnancy and lactation in sheep of different parity. Dorset x Suffolk ewes were classified by number of parity: 1, 2 and ≥4. They were sampled before pregnancy and on the first, second, third, and fourth months, then on day 143 of pregnancy, as well as on day 5 after birth and after one month of lactation. Antioxidant capacity was found to have two reductions, the first during the second month of pregnancy and the second on day 5 of lactation. Susceptibility to lipid oxidation decreased with an increased number of parturitions. A reduction in lipid oxidation was observed on day 143 of gestation relative to the other samplings during gestation and lactation. Total glutathione peroxidase activity increased when the two reductions in antioxidant capacity took place. Ascorbic acid decreased during lactation and gestation; the lowest values were recorded in the third month of gestation. It is concluded that susceptibility to lipid oxidation decreases with the number of parturitions and that in ewes, during gestation and lactation, there is a mechanism that prevents lipid oxidation involving changes in antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase and ascorbic acid.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Soomro RN, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdel-Latif MA, Li W, Hao R, Sun F, Bodinga BM, Hayat K, Yao J, Cao Y. Considering choline as methionine precursor, lipoproteins transporter, hepatic promoter and antioxidant agent in dairy cows. AMB Express 2017; 7:214. [PMID: 29178045 PMCID: PMC5702286 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the transition period, fatty liver syndrome may be caused in cows undergo negative energy balance, ketosis or hypocalcemia, retained placenta or mastitis problems. During the transition stage, movement of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) increases into blood which declines the hepatic metabolism or reproduction and consequently, lactation performance of dairy cows deteriorates. Most of studies documented that, choline is an essential nutrient which plays a key role to decrease fatty liver, NEFA proportion, improve synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, maintain lactation or physiological function and work as anti-oxidant in the transition period of dairy cows. Also, it has a role in the regulation of homocysteine absorption through betaine metabolite which significantly improves plasma α-tocopherol and interaction among choline, methionine and vitamin E. Many studies reported that, supplementation of rumen protected form of choline during transition time is a sustainable method as rumen protected choline (RPC) perform diverse functions like, increase glucose level or energy balance, fertility or milk production, methyl group metabolism, or signaling of cell methionine expansion or methylation reactions, neurotransmitter synthesis or betaine methylation, increase transport of lipids or lipoproteins efficiency and reduce NEFA or triacylglycerol, clinical or sub clinical mastitis and general morbidity in the transition dairy cows. The purpose of this review is that to elucidate the choline importance and functions in the transition period of dairy cows and deal all morbidity during transition or lactation period. Furthermore, further work is needed to conduct more studies on RPC requirements in dairy cows ration under different feeding conditions and also to elucidate the genetic and molecular mechanisms of choline in ruminants industry.
Collapse
|
17
|
Giordano A, Rossi G, Probo M, Moretti P, Paltrinieri S. Colorimetric and electrophoretic evaluation of lipoprotein fractions in healthy neonatal calves: Comparison with results from adult cows and from calves with inflammatory conditions. Res Vet Sci 2017; 111:108-112. [PMID: 28226299 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) are pivotal in innate immunity and decrease in serum during inflammation. Several studies have been done about lipoprotein changes in transition cows but little is known about their changes in newborn calves. The aim of this study is to provide information about HDLs in newborn calves, by defining the possible age-related changes in healthy calves compared with adults and by assessing the possible differences in calves with inflammation. Lipoprotein electrophoretic separation (reported as percentages) and colorimetric measurement of HDL (HDL-C) were performed on healthy cows and calves in order to identify possible differences in the lipoprotein profile due to the age. Then, age-matched calves with inflammatory conditions were also evaluated. Results showed that in calves HDL% and VLDL% were lower (mean values±SD: 77.6%±8.6% and 2.6%±2.5%, respectively) and LDL% was higher (19.7%±7.4%) than in adults (89.0%±3.9%; 5.2±2.1% and 5.8%±3.1%, respectively). Sick calves revealed a decrease of both HDL% (mean values ± SD: 61.0%±22.1%) and HDL-C (22.8±11.6mg/dL) and an increase of VLDL% (12.1% ±13.1%) compared with controls (77.6%±8.6%; 41.5±11.2mg/dL and 2.6%±2.5%, respectively). Paraoxonase-1 activity, influenced by inflammation and oxidation, was measured, and it appeared correlated with HDL% and HDL-C in sick calves. In conclusion, this study revealed that HDLs concentration in healthy calves is lower than in adults, and further decreases in calves with inflammation, likely due to oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital - University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milan, Italy; College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Monica Probo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital - University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital - University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 10-20133 Milan, Italy; Central Laboratory, Veterinary Teaching Hospital - University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress to inhibit the assembly of very low density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes. J DAIRY RES 2016; 83:442-446. [PMID: 27692001 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029916000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis exhibit hyperketonemia, oxidative stress, and a low rate of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly, and there may be a potential link among these characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetoacetic acid (AcAc) on the assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes. Cultured cow hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of AcAc with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant). AcAc treatment decreased the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicative of oxidative stress. Furthermore, AcAc treatment significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which thus decreased VLDL assembly and increased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in these bovine hepatocytes. Importantly, NAC relieved AcAc-induced oxidative stress and increased VLDL assembly. In summary, these results suggest that AcAc-induced oxidative stress affects the assembly of VLDL, which increases TG accumulation in bovine hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Souza-Nogueira AD, Camargo AE, Remondi FA, Paoliello MMB, Richter RJ, Furlong CE, Barbosa DS, Maes M, Moreira EG. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Q192R genotypes and their interaction with smoking strongly increase atherogenicity and the Framingham risk score. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2016; 60:426-435. [PMID: 27812605 PMCID: PMC10118632 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms are associated with an increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. PON1 Q192R polymorphism (rs662) partially determine PON1 hydrolytic activity and protect against oxidation of LDL and HDL. This study aimed to delineate the association of PON1 status (functional 192 genotype and plasma activity levels) and atherogenicity in urbans residents aged 40 years or more. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anthropometric data, lipid profiles, the atherogenic index of the plasma (AIP) and Framingham score risk were measured. Three kinetic assays were conducted to assay PON1 status using phenylacetate and 4-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate as substrates. RESULTS Smoking per se did not significantly impact the AIP but the interaction PON1 genotype by smoking significantly increased the AIP. In subjects with the RR genotype smoking increased the AIP index from (estimated mean ± SEM) -0.038 ± 0.039 to 0.224 ± 0.094. The QR genotype increased the Framingham risk index by around 1.3 points. Smoking by RR genotype carriers significantly increased the Framingham risk score (17.23 ± 2.04) as compared to smoking (13.00 ± 1.06) and non-smoking (7.79 ± 0.70) by QQ+QR genotype carriers. The interaction RR genotype by smoking was a more important predictor (odds ratio = 7.90) of an increased Framingham risk score (> 20) than smoking per se (odds ratio = 2.73). The interaction smoking by RR genotype carriers significantly increased triglycerides and lowered HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSION Smoking per se has no (AIP) or a mild (Framingham risk score) effect on atherogenicity, while the interaction smoking by PON1 RR genotype has a clinically highly significant impact on atherogenicity.
Collapse
|
20
|
Salinas-Rios T, Sánchez-Torres-Esqueda MT, Díaz-Cruz A, Cordero-Mora JL, Cárdenas Leon M, Hernández-Bautista J, Nava-Cuellar C, Nieto Aquino R. Oxidative status and fertility of ewes supplemented coffee pulp during estrous synchronization and early pregnancy. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2016. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v29n4a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
21
|
Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Cows: Energy Homeostasis and Health in Response to Post-Ruminal Choline and Methionine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160659. [PMID: 27501393 PMCID: PMC4976856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and rumen-protected choline (RPC) on energy balance, postpartum lactation performance, antioxidant capacity and immune response in transition dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous transition cows were matched and divided into four groups: control, 15 g/d RPC, 15 g/d RPM or 15 g/d RPC + 15 g/d RPM. Diet samples were collected daily before feeding, and blood samples were collected weekly from the jugular vein before morning feeding from 21 days prepartum to 21 days postpartum. Postpartum dry matter intake (DMI) was increased by both additives (P < 0.05), and energy balance values in supplemented cows were improved after parturition (P < 0.05). Both RPC and RPM decreased the plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.05), but increased the plasma levels of glucose, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB 100, P < 0.05). The supplements improved milk production (P < 0.05), and increased (P < 0.05) or tended to increase (0.05 < P < 0.10) the contents of milk fat and protein. The post-ruminal choline and methionine elevated the blood antioxidant status, as indicated by total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and the vitamin E concentration (P < 0.05), and reduced the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, RPM and RPC elevated the plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) concentration and the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood (P < 0.05). Alternatively, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were decreased by RPM and RPC (P < 0.05). Overall, the regulatory responses of RPC and RPM were highly correlated with time and were more effective in the postpartum cows. The results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with RPC and RPM promoted energy balance by increasing postpartal DMI and regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, improved postpartum lactation performance and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immune function of transition dairy cows.
Collapse
|
22
|
Folnožić I, Turk R, Đuričić D, Vince S, Pleadin J, Flegar-Meštrić Z, Valpotić H, Dobranić T, Gračner D, Samardžija M. Influence of Body Condition on Serum Metabolic Indicators of Lipid Mobilization and Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows During the Transition Period. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:910-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Folnožić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - R Turk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - D Đuričić
- Veterinary Practice Đurđevac; Đurđevac Croatia
| | - S Vince
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - J Pleadin
- Croatian Veterinary Institute; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - H Valpotić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - T Dobranić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - D Gračner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - M Samardžija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Turk R, Podpečan O, Mrkun J, Flegar-Meštrić Z, Perkov S, Zrimšek P. The Effect of Seasonal Thermal Stress on Lipid Mobilisation, Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:595-603. [PMID: 25996438 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress is a major factor contributing to low fertility of dairy cows with a great economic impact in dairy industry. Heat-stressed dairy cows usually have reduced nutrient intake, resulting in a higher degree of negative energy balance (NEB). The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal thermal effect on lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Thirty-two healthy dairy heifers were included in the study. According to the ambient temperature, animals were divided into two groups: winter (N = 14) and summer season (N = 18). Metabolic parameters, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were monitored at the time of insemination (basal values) and from 1 week before until 8 weeks after calving. Number of services per conception and calving-to-conception (CC) interval were calculated from the farm recording data. Serum triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were significantly increased after calving in summer compared to winter, indicating higher degree of NEB in cows during summer. PON1 activity was significantly decreased after calving in both summer and winter group. TAS concentration was significantly lower in summer than that in winter. A significantly higher number of services were needed for conception in summer compared to winter, and CC interval was significantly longer in summer than that in winter as well. Additionally, reproductive performance significantly correlated with the severity of NEB, suggesting that lipid mobilization and lower antioxidant status contributed to poor reproduction ability in dairy cows during hot months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Turk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - O Podpečan
- Savinian Veterinary Policlinic, Žalec, Slovenia.,Clinic for Reproduction and Horses, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Mrkun
- Clinic for Reproduction and Horses, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Z Flegar-Meštrić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, "Merkur" University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Perkov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, "Merkur" University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - P Zrimšek
- Clinic for Reproduction and Horses, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Newman A, Mann S, Nydam DV, Overton TR, Behling-Kelly E. Impact of dietary plane of energy during the dry period on lipoprotein parameters in the transition period in dairy cattle. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:118-26. [PMID: 25958934 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The high energy demands of dairy cows during the transition period from late gestation into early lactation can place them at an increased risk for the development of metabolic and infectious diseases. Modification of the dry period diet has been investigated as a preventive means to minimize the detrimental aspects of metabolic shifts during the transition period. Studies investigating the impact of dry period diet on lipid parameters during the transition period have largely focused on markers of lipolysis and ketogenesis. Total cholesterol declines during the periparturient period and increases in early lactation. The impact total energy in the dry period diet has on the ability of the cow to maintain total serum cholesterol, as well as its natural high-density lipoprotein-rich status, during this metabolically challenging window is not clear. The impact of lipoproteins on inflammation and immune function may have a clinical impact on the cow's ability to ward off production-related diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that the provision of adequate, but not excessive, total metabolizable energy, would better allow the cow to maintain total cholesterol and a higher relative proportion of HDL throughout the transition period. Cows were allocated to one of three dry period dietary treatment groups following a randomized block design. Total serum triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions were measured on a weekly basis from approximately 7 weeks pre-calving to 6 weeks post-calving. The cows on the high energy diet maintained total serum cholesterol as compared to the cows provided a lower energy diet, but there was no significant increase in the LDL fraction of lipoproteins between diet treatment groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Newman
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D V Nydam
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Serrano-Pérez B, Almería S, Tutusaus J, Jado I, Anda P, Monleón E, Badiola J, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F. Coxiella burnetii total immunoglobulin G, phase I and phase II immunoglobulin G antibodies, and bacterial shedding in young dams in persistently infected dairy herds. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:167-76. [PMID: 25691508 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715571993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examines Coxiella burnetii infection patterns in young dairy dams around the calving period in persistently infected high-producing dairy herds. Infection patterns were determined in terms of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and phase-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bacterial shedding by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). On days 171-177 of gestation, at parturition, and on days 15-21 and 91-97 postpartum, 7 first-parity cows and 7 second-parity cows were sampled for serology and qPCR. Total phase-specific I (PhI) and II (PhII) IgG antibodies were detected in 2 animals at days 171-177 of gestation. Four additional animals underwent seroconversion on days 91-97 postpartum. Three of 6 seropositive dams according to total IgG, showed a PhI+/PhII+ profile, whereas dams that seroconverted exhibited a PhI-/PhII+ (2/6) or PhI+/PhII- (1/6) profile. An indirect fluorescent antibody test for PhI and PhII immunoglobulin M (IgM) was performed on plasma samples from the shedding dams, confirming seropositivity in a first-parity dam that seroconverted, and detecting a sudden spike of PhI-IgM antibodies in 1 further dam. No relationship was detected in young C. burnetii-infected animals between total IgG, PhI and/or PhII antibodies, and bacterial shedding throughout the study period. The highest bacterial load measured by qPCR was recorded in a second-parity dam. This animal presented abnormal peripheral blood counts, which would be an indication of severe peripheral blood alterations in some infected cattle. This study suggests that young shedder cows are mostly seronegative in early stages of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Serrano-Pérez
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Sonia Almería
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Joan Tutusaus
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Isabel Jado
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Pedro Anda
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Eva Monleón
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Juan Badiola
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Irina Garcia-Ispierto
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| | - Fernando López-Gatius
- Centre for Research in Agrotechnology, Animal Production Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain (Serrano-Pérez, Tutusaus, Garcia-Ispierto, López-Gatius)Centre for Research on Animal Health, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain (Almería)Department of Bacteriology, National Microbiology Centre, Carlos III Institute of Health, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (Jado, Anda)Centre for Research on Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Emergent Diseases, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain (Monleón, Badiola)
| |
Collapse
|