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Loggers ET, Chugh R, Federman N, Hartner L, Riedel RF, Cho S, Hyslop D, Lim A, Oton AB, Oktay KH. Onset and resolution of ovarian toxicity with nirogacestat treatment in females with desmoid tumors: Updated safety analyses from the DeFi phase 3 study. Cancer 2024; 130:2812-2821. [PMID: 38703010 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nirogacestat is a targeted gamma secretase inhibitor approved in the United States for adults with progressing desmoid tumors. In the phase 3 DeFi study (NCT03785964) of nirogacestat, ovarian toxicity (OT) was identified as a safety signal among females of reproductive potential (FORP). This analysis further describes the incidence, presentation, and resolution of OT. METHODS Patients were randomized to twice-daily oral nirogacestat (150 mg) or placebo, taken in continuous 28-day cycles. Investigator-identified OT in FORP was based on abnormal reproductive hormone values or perimenopausal symptoms (or both). Adverse event follow-up was conducted to assess OT resolution. Post hoc analyses included return of menstruation and return of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to within normal limits (WNL) (≤20.4 mIU/mL). RESULTS Of 92 randomized females, 73 in the safety population were FORP (n = 36 nirogacestat, n = 37 placebo). OT was identified in 75% (27 of 36) receiving nirogacestat and 0% (0 of 37) receiving placebo. As of October 24, 2022, investigators reported OT resolution in 78% (21 of 27) of patients, with median OT duration of 19.1 weeks. Off-treatment resolution was reported in all 11 patients (100%) who stopped nirogacestat treatment; of these, all nine with available menstruation information experienced return of menstruation and eight had FSH WNL at last reported assessment. Resolution was reported in 10 of 14 (71%) while on nirogacestat; of these, all 10 experienced return of menstruation and seven had FSH WNL. Two patients were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Most FORP treated with nirogacestat experienced OT, with the majority resolving, including all who stopped treatment, suggesting that OT is transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Loggers
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center/Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rashmi Chugh
- University of Michigan, Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Federman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lee Hartner
- University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Cancer Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richard F Riedel
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sunny Cho
- SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Hyslop
- SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Allison Lim
- SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ana B Oton
- SpringWorks Therapeutics, Inc, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kutluk H Oktay
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Dang W, Ren Y, Chen Q, He M, Kebreab E, Wang D, Lyu L. Notch2 Regulates the Function of Bovine Follicular Granulosa Cells via the Wnt2/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1001. [PMID: 38612240 PMCID: PMC11010942 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicular GCs are strongly implicated in the growth, development, and atresia of ovarian follicles. The Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways participate in GC proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and steroid hormone production during follicular development. However, the crosstalk between Wnt and Notch signaling in GCs remains unclear. This study investigated this crosstalk and the roles of these pathways in apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and steroid hormone secretion in bovine follicular GCs. The interaction between β-catenin and Notch2 in GCs was assessed by overexpressing CTNNB1, which encodes β-catenin. The results showed that inhibiting the Notch pathway by Notch2 silencing in GCs arrested the cell cycle, promoted apoptosis, reduced progesterone (P4) production, and inhibited the Wnt2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in GCs. IWR-1 inhibited Wnt2/β-catenin and Notch signaling, reduced GC proliferation, stimulated apoptosis, induced G1 cell cycle arrest, and reduced P4 production. CTNNB1 overexpression had the opposite effect and increased 17β-estradiol (E2) production and Notch2 protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Notch2 interacted with β-catenin. These results elucidate the crosstalk between the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways and the role of these pathways in bovine follicular GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Dang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.D.); (Y.R.); (Q.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Yongping Ren
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.D.); (Y.R.); (Q.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Qingqing Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.D.); (Y.R.); (Q.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Min He
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.D.); (Y.R.); (Q.C.); (M.H.)
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lihua Lyu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.D.); (Y.R.); (Q.C.); (M.H.)
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Yang Y, Zhou Y, Li X, He Y, Bai Y, Wang B, Chen S, Liu C. Transcriptome profiling reveals transcriptional regulation of Protegrin-1 on immune defense and development in porcine granulosa cells. Gene 2024; 890:147819. [PMID: 37741593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Protegrin-1 (PG1) is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that has garnered increasing attention due to its potent immune defense activity. Our previous studies demonstrated the ability of PG1 to enhance proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells (GCs) under oxidative stress. GCs play a crucial role in ovary follicular development. However, the specific function and underlying mechanisms of AMP in follicular development still need further elucidation. The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the biological effects of PG1 on porcine GCs using transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing technology. Isolated GCs were incubated with or without PG1 for 24 h and transcriptome-wide analysis was exerted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The results of expression analysis revealed 1,235 DEGs, including 242 up-regulated genes and 993 down-regulated genes (|log2 (FoldChange)| > 1; adjusted P-value < 0.05). The expression levels of 7 selected DEGs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, which was consistent with the RNA-sequencing data. Among the significant DEGs, several genes associated with GC function and ovarian follicle development were identified, such as estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), growth and differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), cell division cycle 20 homolog (CDC20), Notch3, ephrin and Eph receptor system, Egl nine homolog 3 (EGLN3), and BCL2 like 14 (BCL2L14). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the top three significant GO terms were inflammatory response, defense response, and granulocyte migration. Additionally, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis presented that DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune system, infectious disease, signaling molecules and interaction, and immune disease. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted that the top activated pathway was Liver X Receptor (LXR)/ Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Activation which is known to be associated with female reproduction. Predicted protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis identified complement C3 (C3) as the top node with the highest degree of network connection and revealed that DEGs in the sub-networks were involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and metabolic process. In conclusion, this study expanded the understanding of the effects of PG1 on porcine GCs at the transcriptomic level and provided a theoretical basis for further investigation into the role of PG1 in immune defense and mammalian ovarian follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yinlin He
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Yinshan Bai
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Bingyun Wang
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Shengfeng Chen
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China
| | - Canying Liu
- Department of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, China.
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Zhu M, Xu M, Zhang J, Zheng C. The role of Hippo pathway in ovarian development. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198873. [PMID: 37334049 PMCID: PMC10275494 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary, whereby ovarian development is largely dependent on the development of the follicles themselves. The activation, growth, and progression of follicles are modulated by a diverse range of factors, including reproductive endocrine system and multiple signaling pathways. The Hippo pathway exhibits a high degree of evolutionary conservation between both Drosophila and mammalian systems, and is recognized for its pivotal role in regulating cellular proliferation, control of organ size, and embryonic development. During the process of follicle development, the components of the Hippo pathway show temporal and spatial variations. Recent clinical studies have shown that ovarian fragmentation can activate follicles. The mechanism is that the mechanical signal of cutting triggers actin polymerization. This process leads to the disruption of the Hippo pathway and subsequently induces the upregulation of downstream CCN and apoptosis inhibitors, thereby promoting follicle development. Thus, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in both the activation and development of follicles. In this article, we focused on the development and atresia of follicles and the function of Hippo pathway in these processes. Additionally, the physiological effects of Hippo pathway in follicle activation are also explored.
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Nobakht S, Milne TJ, Duncan WJ, Ram A, Tkatchenko T, Dong Z, Coates DE. Expression of the pleiotrophin-midkine axis in a sheep tooth socket model of bone healing. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:109-121. [PMID: 36411509 PMCID: PMC10099163 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Resorption of alveolar bone after tooth extraction is a common problem often requiring bone grafting. The success of the grafting procedures is dependent on multiple factors including the presence of growth factors. This is the first in vivo study to investigate the role of the pleiotrophin family of cytokines in alveolar bone regeneration. This research investigated the role of the pleiotrophin-midkine (PTN-MDK) axis during osteogenesis, with and without a grafting material, after tooth extraction in a sheep model. METHODS Thirty Romney-cross ewes were anesthetized, and all premolar teeth on the right side were extracted. The sockets were randomized to controls sites with no treatment and test sites with Bio-Oss® graft material and Bio-Gide® membrane. Samples were harvested after sacrificing animals 4, 8, and 16 weeks post-grafting (n = 10 per time-point). Tissue for qRT2 -PCR gene analysis was recovered from the socket next to the first molar using a trephine (Ø = 2 mm). Each socket was fixed, decalcified, paraffin-embedded, and sectioned. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to localize both PTN and MDK along with their receptors, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z1 (PTPRZ1), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK), and notch receptor 2 (NOTCH2). RESULTS Within the healing sockets, high expression of genes for PTN, MDK, NOTCH2, and ALK was found at all time-points and in both grafted and non-grafted sites, while PTPRZ1 was only expressed at low levels. The relative gene expression of the PTN family of cytokines was not statistically different at the three time-points between test and control groups (p > .05). Immunohistochemistry found PTN and MDK in association with new bone, NOTCH2 in the connective tissue, and PTPRZ1 and ALK in association with cuboidal osteoblasts involved in bone formation. CONCLUSIONS The PTN-MDK axis was highly expressed in both non-grafted and grafted sockets during osteogenesis in a sheep model of alveolar bone regeneration with no evidence that grafting significantly affected expression. The activation of NOTCH2 and PTPRZ1 receptors may be important during bone regeneration in vivo. The discovery of the PTN-MDK axis as important during alveolar bone regeneration is novel and opens up new avenues of research into these stably expressed highly active cytokines. Growth factor supplementation with PTN and/or MDK during healing may be an approach for enhanced regeneration or to initiate healing where delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nobakht
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Trudy J Milne
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Warwick J Duncan
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Anumala Ram
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tatiana Tkatchenko
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zhen Dong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dawn E Coates
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Guo Y, Liu M, Mfoundou JDL, Wang X. Expression and distribution patterns of VEGF, TGF‐β
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and HIF‐1α in the ovarian follicles of Tibetan sheep. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2223-2229. [PMID: 36044612 PMCID: PMC9514499 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) are multifunctional growth factors that play an important role in follicular growth and development. However, its biological function in the follicular development of Tibetan sheep at different stages has not been described. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α expression and distribution on the development of follicles of different sizes. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and quantification real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the localisation and quantitative expression of VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α proteins and mRNA in small‐ (< 3 mm), medium‐ (3 mm < diameter < 5 mm)‐, and large‐ (> 5 mm) sized follicles. Results The results showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, as well as their mRNA, were expressed in follicles. However, the expression in medium‐sized follicles was significantly higher than that in large‐ and small‐sized follicles (p <0.05). IHC also showed that the proteins VEGF, TGF‐β1, and HIF‐1α were distributed in granulosa cells (GCs) in small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized follicles. Conclusions This study indicates that VEGF, TGF‐β1 and HIF‐1α, which operate in an autocrine or paracrine manner with the GCs, influence the follicular progressive growth, suggesting that these growth factors are closely associated with the follicular growth and development in ovarian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
| | | | - Xinrong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou China
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7
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Zhao X, Wu Y, Li H, Li J, Yao Y, Cao Y, Mei Z. Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and miRNA of Yili geese ovary at different egg-laying stages. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:607. [PMID: 35986230 PMCID: PMC9392330 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of the ovaries is an important factor that affects egg production performance in geese. Ovarian development is regulated by genes that are expressed dynamically and stage-specifically. The transcriptome profile analysis on ovarian tissues of goose at different egg laying stages could provide an important basis for screening and identifying key genes regulating ovarian development. Results In this study, 4 ovary tissues at each breeding period of pre-laying (PP), laying (LP), and ceased-laying period (CP), respectively, with significant morphology difference, were used for RNA extraction and mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs comparison in Yili geese. CeRNA regulatory network was constructed for key genes screening. A total of 337, 1136, and 525 differentially expressed DE mRNAs, 466, 925, and 742 DE lncRNAs and 258, 1131 and 909 DE miRNAs were identified between PP and LP, between CP and LP, and between CP and PP groups, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed mRNAs and non-coding RNA target genes were mainly involved in the cell process, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome, calcium signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis and ECM-receptor interaction. Differential genes and non-coding RNAs, PDGFRB, ERBB4, LHCGR, MSTRG.129094.34, MSTRG.3524.1 and gga-miR-145–5p, related to reproduction and ovarian development were highly enriched. Furthermore, lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ovary development were constructed. Conclusions Our study found dramatic transcriptomic differences in ovaries of Yili geese at different egg-laying stages, and a differential lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network related to cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and involved in stromal follicle development were established and preliminarily validated, which could be regarded as a key regulatory pathway of ovarian development in Yili geese. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08774-4.
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Differential expression and functional analysis of circRNA in the ovaries of Yili geese at different egg-laying stages. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1171-1180. [PMID: 35951157 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian development is regulated by genes that are expressed dynamically and stage-specifically. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been proven to play a significant role in the regulation of animal reproduction. OBJECTIVE Studying the expression characteristics of circRNAs in goose ovaries at various egg-laying stages can provide a reference for the molecular regulation mechanism of ovary development in geese that is mediated by circRNAs. METHODS In this study, the expression profiles of circRNAs were compared in ovary tissues from Yili geese in three different breeding periods, namely the prelaying period (KL), laying period (CL), and ceased period (XL), and differentially expressed circRNAs related to ovarian development in Yili geese were screened. The potential biological functions of differential circRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics, and the differential circRNA-miRNA regulatory network was constructed. RESULTS The results showed that a total of 4483 circRNAs were identified in 12 ovarian tissue samples from Yili geese at different laying stages. In the KL vs. CL, XL vs. CL, and XL vs. KL groups, 159, 455, and 383 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified, respectively. The host genes of the differential circRNAs were mostly enriched in the signal transduction, metabolism, and other related pathways, such as those for phototransduction, glycerophospholipid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and retinol metabolism. Finally, we constructed circRNA-miRNA regulation networks. Nine differential circRNAs were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification, and the expression trends were consistent with the sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that significant differences in the expression profiles of circRNAs in the ovaries of Yili geese at different egg-laying stages. Meanwhile, through analyzing the differential circRNA-miRNA interaction network, core regulators such as circRNA NW_013186107.1:36835|52,574 and gga-miR-34b-5p were screened. This study provides a reference for the further analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanism of the circRNAs regulating goose ovary development and enriches the theory of genetic regulation during goose ovary development.
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Wang D, Yang Y, Song Y, Fu S, He X, Wang B, Wang L, Chen X, Li X, Liu Y, Cao G. The Effect of Ghrelin on the Maturation of Sheep Oocytes and Early Embryonic Development In Vitro. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091158. [PMID: 35565584 PMCID: PMC9100601 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Different gradients of ghrelin (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL) were added to the IVM system of sheep oocytes to observe their changes, and 200 ng/mL ghrelin was found to be the optimal concentration. The RNA-seq analysis showed that the Cell cycle signaling pathway was enriched. The results suggest that adding ghrelin shortens the duration of IVM of sheep oocytes and hinders early embryonic development. Abstract In vitro maturation (IVM) of sheep oocytes and early embryonic development are of great scientific importance for the study of reproductive development in sheep. Ghrelin is an important hormone that regulates the secretion of the growth hormone (GH). In this study, different gradients of ghrelin (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL) were added to the IVM system of sheep oocytes to observe their cell morphology, and Hosesth 33342 staining was used to determine the time taken for oocytes to reach different developmental stages. We found 200 ng/mL ghrelin to be the optimal concentration. The RNA-seq analysis showed that many signaling pathways were significantly altered by ghrelin. Cell cycle, Wnt, and oxidative phosphorylation were activated; the P53 was inhibited. These pathways together regulate the maturation of oocytes and early embryonic development in vitro. The effects of the addition of ghrelin were verified by the expression of GLUT1 in early embryonic development. The results suggest that adding ghrelin shortens the duration of the IVM of sheep oocytes and hinders early embryonic development. This study provides new insights into the effects of exogenous ghrelin on sheep oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yongli Song
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
| | - Shaoyin Fu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiaolong He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Biao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Liwei Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.); (S.F.); (X.H.); (B.W.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xihe Li
- Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Yongbin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Guifang Cao
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010010, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (Y.L.); (G.C.)
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Lin Q, Cao J, Du X, Yang K, Shen Y, Wang W, Klocker H, Shi J, Zhang J. The HeyL-Aromatase Axis Promotes Cancer Stem Cell Properties by Endogenous Estrogen-Induced Autophagy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:787953. [PMID: 35096586 PMCID: PMC8789881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.787953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a major clinical challenge. We previously showed that estrogenic effects contribute to CRPC progression and are primarily caused by the increased endogenous estradiol produced via highly expressed aromatase. However, the mechanism of aromatase upregulation and its role in CRPC are poorly described. In this study, we report that HeyL is aberrantly upregulated in CRPC tissues, and its expression is positively correlated with aromatase levels. HeyL overexpression increased endogenous estradiol levels and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) transcriptional activity by upregulating CYP19A1 expression, which encodes aromatase, enhancing prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC) properties in PC3 cells. Mechanistically, HeyL bound to the CYP19A1 promoter and activated its transcription. HeyL overexpression significantly promoted bicalutamide resistance in LNCaP cells, which was reversed by the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. In PC3 cells, the HeyL-aromatase axis promoted the PCSC phenotype by upregulating autophagy-related genes, while the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) suppressed the aromatase-induced PCSC phenotype. The activated HeyL-aromatase axis promoted PCSC autophagy via ERα-mediated estrogenic effects. Taken together, our results indicated that the HeyL-aromatase axis could increase endogenous estradiol levels and activate ERα to suppress PCSC apoptosis by promoting autophagy, which enhances the understanding of how endogenous estrogenic effects influence CRPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiasong Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Lab of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kuo Yang
- Department of Urology of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongmei Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Lab of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weishu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiandang Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Bioactive Materials Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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The role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in in vitro oocyte maturation. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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12
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Li L, Shi X, Shi Y, Wang Z. The Signaling Pathways Involved in Ovarian Follicle Development. Front Physiol 2021; 12:730196. [PMID: 34646156 PMCID: PMC8504451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The follicle is the functional unit of the ovary, which is composed of three types of cells: oocytes, granulosa cells, and theca cells. Ovarian follicle development and the subsequent ovulation process are coordinated by highly complex interplay between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signals, which coordinate steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. Follicle development is regulated mainly by three organs, the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and gonad, which make up the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Steroid hormones and their receptors play pivotal roles in follicle development and participate in a series of classical signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize and compare the role of classical signaling pathways, such as the WNT, insulin, Notch, and Hedgehog pathways, in ovarian follicle development and the underlying regulatory mechanism. We have also found that these four signaling pathways all interact with FOXO3, a transcription factor that is widely known to be under control of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and has been implicated as a major signaling pathway in the regulation of dormancy and initial follicular activation in the ovary. Although some of these interactions with FOXO3 have not been verified in ovarian follicle cells, there is a high possibility that FOXO3 plays a core role in follicular development and is regulated by classical signaling pathways. In this review, we present these signaling pathways from a comprehensive perspective to obtain a better understanding of the follicular development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Li
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Shi
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Protein Science Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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13
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Taqi MO, Saeed-Zidane M, Gebremedhn S, Salilew-Wondim D, Tholen E, Neuhoff C, Hoelker M, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. NRF2-mediated signaling is a master regulator of transcription factors in bovine granulosa cells under oxidative stress condition. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:769-783. [PMID: 34008050 PMCID: PMC8526460 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are known to be involved in regulating the expression of several classes of genes during folliculogenesis. However, the regulatory role of TFs during oxidative stress (OS) is not fully understood. The current study was aimed to investigate the regulation of the TFs in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs) during exposure to OS induced by H2O2 in vitro. For this, bGCs derived from ovarian follicles were cultured in vitro till their confluency and then treated with H2O2 for 40 min. Twenty-four hours later, cells were subjected to various phenotypic and gene expression analyses for genes related to TFs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation markers. The bGCs exhibited higher reactive oxygen species accumulation, DNA fragmentation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress accompanied by reduction of mitochondrial activity after exposure to OS. In addition, higher lipid accumulation and lower cell proliferation were noticed in H2O2-challenged cells. The mRNA level of TFs including NRF2, E2F1, KLF6, KLF9, FOS, SREBF1, SREBF2, and NOTCH1 was increased in H2O2-treated cells compared with non-treated controls. However, the expression level of KLF4 and its downstream gene, CCNB1, were downregulated in the H2O2-challenged group. Moreover, targeted inhibition of NRF2 using small interference RNA resulted in reduced expression of KLF9, FOS, SREBF2, and NOTCH1 genes, while the expression of KLF4 was upregulated. Taken together, bovine granulosa cells exposed to OS exhibited differential expression of various transcription factors, which are mediated by the NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Omar Taqi
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Saeed-Zidane
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Teaching and Research Station Frankenforst, University of Bonn, Koenigswinter, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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14
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Effects of Notch2 on proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis in bovine luteinized granulosa cells. Theriogenology 2021; 171:55-63. [PMID: 34023619 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway plays an important regulatory role in the development of mammalian follicles. This study aimed to explore the effect of Notch2 on the function of bovine follicles luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). We detected that the coding sequence (CDS) of bovine Notch2 gene is 7416 bp, encoding 2471 amino acids (AA). The homology of Notch2 AA sequence between bovine and other species is 86.04%-98.75%, indicating high conservatism. Immunohistochemistry found that Notch2 receptor and its ligand Jagged2 localize in granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells in bovine antral follicles. And immunofluorescence found that positive signals of Notch2 and Jagged2 overlap in bovine LGCs, speculating that Notch2 receptor may react with Jagged2 ligand to activate Notch signaling pathway and play an important role in bovine LGCs. To further investigate the function of Notch2, Notch2 gene was silenced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CCK-8 analysis showed that the proliferation rate of LGCs was downregulated significantly (P < 0.01). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that the mRNA expression of apoptosis related gene Bcl-2/Bax decreased (P < 0.01) and Caspase3 increased (P < 0.05), cell cycle related gene CyclinD2/CDK4 complex decreased (P < 0.01) and P21 increased (P < 0.05), steroidogenesis gene STAR and 3β-HSD decreased (P < 0.01) while CYP19A1 and CYP11A1 had no significant difference (P > 0.05). In addition, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that there was no difference in estradiol (E2) secretion (P > 0.05) while the progesterone (P4) secretion decreased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Notch2 plays an important role in regulating bovine LGCs development.
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15
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Wang Y, Lu E, Bao R, Xu P, Feng F, Wen W, Dong Q, Hu C, Xiao L, Tang M, Li G, Wang J, Zhang C. Notch signalling regulates steroidogenesis in mouse ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1091-1103. [PMID: 30827331 DOI: 10.1071/rd18281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway in the mammalian ovary regulates granulosa cell proliferation. However, the effects of Notch signalling on steroidogenesis are unclear. In this study we cultured mouse ovarian granulosa cells from preantral follicles invitro and observed the effect of Notch signalling on steroidogenesis through overexpression, knockdown and inhibition of Notch signalling. Activation of Notch signalling decreased progesterone and oestrogen secretion. In contrast, inhibition of Notch signalling increased the production of progesterone and oestrogen. Expression of the genes for steroidogenic-related enzymes, including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, p450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and aromatase, was repressed after stimulation of Notch signalling. The expression of upstream transcription factors, including steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1), Wilms' tumour 1 (Wt1), GATA-binding protein 4 (Gata4) and Gata6, was also inhibited after stimulation of Notch signalling. Production of interleukin (IL)-6 was positively correlated with Notch signalling and negatively correlated with the expression of these transcription factors and enzymes. In conclusion, Notch signalling regulated progesterone and oestrogen secretion by affecting the expression of upstream transcription factors SF1, Wt1, Gata4 and Gata6, as well as downstream steroidogenic-related enzymes. IL-6, which may be regulated directly by Notch signalling, may contribute to this process. Our findings add to the understanding of the diverse functions of Notch signalling in the mammalian ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Wang
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Enhang Lu
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Riqiang Bao
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Ping Xu
- Second Clinical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Fen Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Weihui Wen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Qiming Dong
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Chuan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, #461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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16
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Hu H, Jia Q, Xi J, Zhou B, Li Z. Integrated analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA reveals novel insights into the fertility regulation of large white sows. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:636. [PMID: 32928107 PMCID: PMC7490888 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improving sow fertility is extremely important as it can lead to increased reproductive efficiency and thus profitability for swine producers. There are considerable differences in fertility rates among individual animals, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, by using different types of RNA libraries, we investigated the complete transcriptome of ovarian tissue during the luteal (L) and follicular (F) phases of the estrous cycle in Large White pigs with high (H) and low (L) fecundity, and performed a comprehensive analysis of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), mRNAs and micro RNAs (miRNAs) from 16 samples by combining RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with bioinformatics. Results In total, 24,447 lncRNAs, 27,370 mRNAs, and 216 known miRNAs were identified in ovarian tissues. The genomic features of lncRNAs, such as length distribution and number of exons, were further analyzed. We selected a threshold of P < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 to obtain the differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs by pairwise comparison (LH vs. LL, FH vs. FL). Bioinformatics analysis of these differentially expressed RNAs revealed multiple significantly enriched pathways (P < 0.05) that were closely involved in the reproductive process, such as ovarian steroidogenesis, lysosome, steroid biosynthesis, and the estrogen and GnRH signaling pathways. Moreover, bioinformatics screening of differentially expressed miRNAs that share common miRNA response elements (MREs) with lncRNAs and their downstream mRNA targets were performed. Finally, we constructed lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation networks. The key genes in these networks were verified by Reverse Transcription Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qRCR), which were consistent with the results from RNA-Seq data. Conclusions These results provide further insights into the fertility of pigs andcan contribute to further experimental investigation of the functions of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Hu
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street No. 2596, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street No. 2596, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China. .,Engineering Research Center for Agriculture in Hebei Mountainous Areas, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China.
| | - Jianzhong Xi
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street No. 2596, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street No. 2596, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Lekai South Street No. 2596, Baoding, 071000, Hebei, China
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17
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Liu C, Li P, Zhou W, Ma X, Wang X, Xu Y, Jiang N, Zhao M, Zhou T, Yin Y, Ren J, Huang R. Genome Data Uncover Conservation Status, Historical Relatedness and Candidate Genes Under Selection in Chinese Indigenous Pigs in the Taihu Lake Region. Front Genet 2020; 11:591. [PMID: 32582299 PMCID: PMC7296076 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese indigenous pig breeds in the Taihu Lake (TL) region of Eastern China are well documented by their exceptional prolificacy. There are seven breeds in this region including Meishan (MS), Erhualian (EHL), Jiaxing Black (JXB), Fengjing (FJ), Shawutou (SWT), Mi (MI), and Hongdenglong (HDL). At present, these breeds are facing a great threat of population decline, inbreeding depression and lineage admixture since Western commercial pigs have dominated in Chinese pig industry. To provide better conservation strategies and identify candidate genes under selection for these breeds, we explored genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to uncover genetic variability and relatedness, population structure, historical admixture and genomic signature of selection of 440 pigs representing the most comprehensive lineages of these breeds in TL region in a context of 1228 pigs from 45 Eurasian breeds. We showed that these breeds were more closely related to each other as compared to other Eurasian breeds, defining one of the main ancestral lineages of Chinese indigenous pigs. These breeds can be divided into two subgroups, one including JXB and FJ, and the other comprising of EHL, MI, HDL, MS, and SWT. In addition, HDL was highly inbred whereas EHL and MS had more abundant genetic diversity owing to their multiple conservation populations. Moreover, we identified a list of candidate genes under selection for body size and prolificacy. Our results would benefit the conservation of these valuable breeds and improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms of body size and fecundity in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Liu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
| | - Wuduo Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Station of Animal Husbandry, Nanjing, China
| | - Nengjing Jiang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Moran Zhao
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianwei Zhou
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzhen Yin
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Huaian Academy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Huaian, China
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18
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Li Q, Zhang H, Yu L, Wu C, Luo X, Sun H, Ding J. Down-regulation of Notch signaling pathway reverses the Th1/Th2 imbalance in tuberculosis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:24-32. [PMID: 29100034 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Th1/Th2 imbalance to Th2 is of significance in the peripheral immune responses in Tuberculosis (TB) development. However, the mechanisms for Th1/Th2 imbalance are still not well determined. Notch signaling pathway is involved in the peripheral T cell activation and effector cell differentiation. However, whether it affects Th1/Th2 imbalance in TB patients is still not known. Here, we used γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT) to treat the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy people or individuals with latent or active TB infection in vitro, respectively. Then, the Th1/Th2 ratios were determined by flow cytometry, and cytokines of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 in the culture supernatant were measured by CBA method. The Notch signal pathway associated proteins Hes1, GATA3 and T-bet were quantitated by real-time PCR or immunoblotting. Our results showed that DAPT effectively inhibited the protein level of Hes1. In TB patients, the Th2 ratio increased in the PBMCs, alone with the high expression of GATA3 and IL-4, resulting in the high ratios of Th2/Th1 and GATA3/T-bet in TB patients. However, Th2 cells ratio decreased after blocking the Notch signaling pathway by DAPT and the Th2/Th1 ratio in TB patients were DAPT dose-dependent, accompanied by the decrease of IL-4 and GATA3. But, its influence on Th1 ratio and Th1 related T-bet and IFN-γ levels were not significant. In conclusion, our results suggest that blocking Notch signaling by DAPT could inhibit Th2 responses and restore Th1/Th2 imbalance in TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China; Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinhui Luo
- Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China
| | - He Sun
- Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China; Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China.
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19
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Kuony A, Michon F. Epithelial Markers aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19 Unveil Elements of Murine Lacrimal Gland Morphogenesis and Maturation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:739. [PMID: 29033846 PMCID: PMC5627580 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an element of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland (LG) produces the aqueous part of the tear film, which protects the eye surface. Therefore, a defective LG can lead to serious eyesight impairment. Up to now, little is known about LG morphogenesis and subsequent maturation. In this study, we delineated elements of the cellular and molecular events involved in LG formation by using three epithelial markers, namely aSMA, Krt14, and Krt19. While aSMA marked a restricted epithelial population of the terminal end buds (TEBs) in the forming LG, Krt14 was found in the whole embryonic LG epithelial basal cell layer. Interestingly, Krt19 specifically labeled the presumptive ductal domain and subsequently, the luminal cell layer. By combining these markers, the Fucci reporter mouse strain and genetic fate mapping of the Krt14+ population, we demonstrated that LG epithelium expansion is fuelled by a patterned cell proliferation, and to a lesser extent by epithelial reorganization and possible mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We pointed out that this epithelial reorganization, which is associated with apoptosis, regulated the lumen formation. Finally, we showed that the inhibition of Notch signaling prevented the ductal identity from setting, and led to a LG covered by ectopic TEBs. Taken together our results bring a deeper understanding on LG morphogenesis, epithelial domain identity, and organ expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Kuony
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Frederic Michon
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
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