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Gong Z, Ren P, Bao H, Mao W, Zhao J, Yu Z, Shen Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang S. The roles of Braun Lipoprotein in inducing tolerance of bovine endometrium infected by Escherichia coli. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 266:107513. [PMID: 38843662 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative bacterium, is the primary pathogen responsible for endometritis in dairy cattle. The outer membrane components of E. coli, namely lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoprotein, have the capacity to trigger the host's innate immune response through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Tolerance to bacterial cell wall components, including LPS, may play a crucial role as an essential regulatory mechanism during bacterial infection. However, the precise role of Braun lipoprotein (BLP) tolerance in E. coli-induced endometritis in dairy cattle remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of BLP on the regulation of E. coli infection-induced endometritis in dairy cattle. The presence of BLP was found to diminish the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6), while concurrently promoting the expression and release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Furthermore, BLP demonstrated the ability to impede the activation of MAPK (ERK and p38) and NF-κB (p65) signaling pathways, while simultaneously enhancing signaling through the STAT3 pathway in EECs. Notably, BLP exhibited a dual role, acting both as an activator of TLR2 and as a regulator of TLR2 activation in LPS- and E. coli-treated EECs. In E. coli-infected endometrial explants, the presence of BLP was noted to decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of HMGB1, while simultaneously enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that the bacterial component BLP plays a protective role in E. coli-induced endometritis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Haixia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yuze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China.
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of the prostaglandin D2/prostaglandin DP1 receptor and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase/prostaglandin D2 pathways in bacteria-induced bovine endometrial tissue. Vet Res 2022; 53:98. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDairy cows often develop different degrees of endometritis after calving and this is attributed to pathogenic bacterial infections such as by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Infection of the bovine endometrium causes tissue damage and increases the expression of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which exerts anti-inflammatory effects on lung inflammation. However, the roles of PGD2 and its DP1 receptor in endometritis in cows remain unclear. Here, we examined the anti-inflammatory roles of the lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS)/PGD2 and DP1 receptor regulatory pathways in bovine endometritis. We evaluated the regulatory effects of PGD2 on inflammation and tissue damage in E. coli- and S. aureus-infected bovine endometrial cells cultured in vitro. We found that the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α as well as expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), and high mobility group box (HMGB)-1 were suppressed after DP1 receptor agonist treatment. In contrast, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α release and MMP-2, PAFR, and HMGB-1 expression levels were increased after treatment of bovine endometrial tissue with DP1 receptor antagonists. DP1-induced anti-inflammatory effects were dependent on cellular signal transduction. The L-PGDS/PGD2 pathway and DP1 receptor induced anti-inflammatory effects in bovine endometrium infected with S. aureus and E. coli by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB signalling pathways, thereby reducing tissue damage. Overall, our findings provide important insights into the pathophysiological roles of PGD2 in bovine endometritis and establish a theoretical basis for applying prostaglandins or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating endometrial inflammatory infertility in bovines.
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Liu B, Fu C, Cao J, Mao W, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhao J, Feng S. Proliferation of bovine endometrial epithelial cells is promoted by prostaglandin E 2-PTGER2 signaling through cell cycle regulation. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102362. [PMID: 34740034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is known that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces proliferation of epithelia in bovine endometrial explants, however, the detailed mechanism of regulation of PGE2 in inducing bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) proliferation is unclear. In this study, we determined whether proliferation of bEECs is promoted by PGE2-prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) signaling activation through cell cycle regulation. The results demonstrated that bEECs proliferation was induced by treatment of PGE2 and PTGER2 agonist butaprost. These processes were down-regulated by PTGER2 antagonist AH6809 and CDK inhibitors (LEE011, CDK2 Inhibitor II and Ro 3306). PGE2 and butaprost induced cyclins (A, B1, D1, D3 and E2), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs, 1, 2, 4 and 6), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression were inhibited by AH6809 treatment in bEECs. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and PTGER2 expression in bEECs were up-regulated by PGE2 and butaprost treatment. Our data demonstrate that PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation has a direct molecular association with cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation in bEECs. Collectively, these findings will improve our understanding of the roles for PGE2-PTGER2 signaling activation in the physiological and pharmacological processes of bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Changqi Fu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 306, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010018, Hohhot, China.
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Peng-Fei H, A-Ru-Na, Hui C, Hong-Yu W, Jin-Shan C. Activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protects bovine endometrial tissue against LPS-induced inflammatory injury via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and COX-2 derived prostaglandin E 2. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174067. [PMID: 33811838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bovine endometritis is one of the major postpartum diseases associated with infertility and subfertility, decreasing the benefit of dairy industry. It is important to develop alternate therapies for endometritis in the context of drug residues in the milk and hormone disorder in the estrous cycle. α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor has been identified as the core of 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP)', which is a potential drug target to inflammatory diseases. However, there has been still no study on its anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bovine endometritis. This study aimed to demonstrate the underlying anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of α7-nACh receptor on LPS-induced inflammation in bovine endometrial tissues cultured in vitro. The results suggested that activation of α7-nACh receptor significantly suppressed the mRNA expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in bovine endometrial tissues. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection results showed that activation of α7-nACh receptor inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Moreover, α7-nACh receptor agonist decreased the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1(mPGES-1), as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion. Interestingly, in COX-2 inhibition experiment, activation of α7-nACh receptor increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 production, compared with COX-2 inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, activation of the cholinergic system through α7-nACh receptor agonist has suppressed inflammation of bovine endometrial tissues via JAK2/STAT3 pathway and potential COX-2-derived PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Peng-Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
| | - A-Ru-Na
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Chen Hui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Wei Hong-Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Cao Jin-Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
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Yang Y, Liu S, Liu J, Ta N. Inhibition of TLR2/TLR4 alleviates the Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection damage in human endometrial epithelial cells via Nrf2 and NF-Kβsignaling. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 142:103192. [PMID: 32950783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N.g) is Gram-negative bacteria and can lead to endometritis in female. Toll-like receptors regulate immune response in various diseases. However, the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in. Neisseria gonorrhoeae-induced infection damage in human endometrial epithelia were investigated. METHODS hEECs were infected with N.g (MOI 10 and 100) and cell viability and apoptosis were measured by CCK8 and flow cytometry assays in both infected groups with the uninfected normal hEECs as negative control. TLR2/TLR4 proteins were measured by ELISA method. Pro-inflammatory markers NLRP3, PGES (PGE2) and TNF-α were assessed by RT-qPCR (mRNA expression) and Elisa (protein concentrations). Transfection assays were performed to up- or down- regulate expression of TLR2 and TLR4 so as to study the functions of TLR2/TLR4 in. N.g-infected hEECs, followed by apoptosis and inflammation assessment. Similarly, we explored the interactions between TLR2/TLR4 and Nrf2/NF-κB/p65 by knocking down TLR2/TLR4 to detect the signaling and further regulating the signaling to evaluate TLR2/ TLR4, apoptosis and inflammation in cells. RESULTS N.g suppressed cell viabilities and induced cell apoptosis and inflammation. TLR2/TLR4 downregulation inhibited the infection damage. Nrf2 was activated while NF-κB/p65 was depleted as TLR2/ TLR4 was knocked down. Activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB resulted in decrease of TLR2/TLR4, which could retard apoptosis and inflammation induced by N.g infection. CONCLUSION TLR2/TLR4 depletion could alleviate the N.g-infected hEECs via Nrf2/NF-kB signaling, suggesting that TLR2/TLR4 inhibitors might serve as a treatment to reduce N.g infection in human endometrial epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, No. 156 Nankai Sanma Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, No. 156 Nankai Sanma Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jixiao Liu
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, No. 156 Nankai Sanma Road Nankai District, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010050, China.
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