1
|
Albrizio M, Desantis S, Lacitignola L, Laricchiuta P, Guaricci AC, Cinone M. The abundance and localization of heat shock proteins (HSP)-60, -70, and -90 in the oviductal ampulla of hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) during the menstrual cycle. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:979-990. [PMID: 38038815 PMCID: PMC10998804 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of HSPs in female reproductive and their relationship with the steroid hormone fluctuation have been reported in several mammals but not in non-human primates. The present research dealt with the oviductal expression and localization of the more studied HSPs (60, 70, and 90) as well as the morphological changes in the Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) during the follicular, preovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, western blots, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. The results of western blot analysis displayed the lowest HSP expression in the luteal phase. The histomorphology showed that the mucosal epithelium consisted of undifferentiated cuboidal cells in follicular and luteal phases and well-distinguishable columnar ciliated and non-ciliated cells during the preovulatory phase. Immunohistochemistry evidenced that the mucosal epithelium contained cytoplasmic and nuclear HSP60, 70, and 90 immunostaining in the follicular and luteal phases. During the preovulatory phase, the non-ciliated cells showed: (i) cytoplasmic HSP60; (ii) nuclear and cytoplasmic HSP90. Ciliated cells showed cytoplasmic and ciliary HSP70 and ciliary HSP90. The stromal cells and myocytes of muscular layer displayed a decreased cytoplasmic HSP60 in the preovulatory phase and nuclear and low cytoplasmic HSP70 throughout the menstrual cycle. Nuclear HSP90 decreased in ampulla stromal cells and the follicular phase myocytes. These findings indicate that the expression pattern of HSP60,70, and 90 is related to the morphofunctional features of the baboon oviductal ampulla during the menstrual cycle and could represent a referent point for further studies in the oviduct of Primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Albrizio
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari-Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari-Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Italy
| | - Luca Lacitignola
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari-Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ciro Guaricci
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari-Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Italy
| | - Mario Cinone
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari-Aldo Moro, S.P. 62 Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xie B, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Xu W, Song X. Treatment update for vitiligo based on autoimmune inhibition and melanocyte protection. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:189-206. [PMID: 36947026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2193329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of vitiligo remains challenging due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, influenced by genetic factors, oxidative stress and abnormal cell adhesion that collectively impact melanocyte survival and trigger immune system attacks, resulting in melanocyte death. Melanocytes in vitiligo are believed to exhibit genetic susceptibility and defects in cellular mechanisms, such as defects in autophagy, that reduce their ability to resist oxidative stress, leading to increased expression of the pro-inflammatory protein HSP70. The low expression of adhesion molecules, such as DDR1 and E-cadherin, accelerates melanocyte damage and antigen exposure. Consequently, autoimmune attacks centered on IFN-γ-CXCR9/10-CXCR3-CD8+ T cells are initiated, causing vitiligo. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the latest knowledge on the pathogenesis of vitiligo and potential therapeutic targets from the perspective of suppressing autoimmune attacks and activating melanocytes functions. EXPERT OPINION Vitiligo is one of the most challenging dermatological diseases due to its complex pathogenesis with diverse therapeutic targets. Immune suppression, such as corticosteroids and emerging JAK inhibitors, has proven effective in disease progression. However, during the early stages of the disease, it is also important to optimize therapeutic strategies to activate melanocytes for alleviating oxidative stress and improving treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Binwen Rd 548, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Yuhangtang Rd 866, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine; West Lake Ave 38, Hangzhou, 310009, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Pan Y, Wei G, Mao H, Liu R, He Y. Damage-associated molecular patterns in vitiligo: igniter fuse from oxidative stress to melanocyte loss. Redox Rep 2022; 27:193-199. [PMID: 36154894 PMCID: PMC9518600 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of vitiligo remains unclear. In this review, we comprehensively describe the role of damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) during vitiligo pathogenesis. METHODS Published papers on vitiligo, oxidative stress and DAMPs were collected and reviewed via database searching on PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase, etc. RESULTS Oxidative stress may be an important inducer of vitiligo. At high oxidative stress levels, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released from keratinocytes or melanocytes in the skin and induce downstream immune responses during vitiligo. Treatment regimens targeting DAMPs can effectively improve disease severity. DISCUSSION DAMPs play key roles in initiating host defenses against danger signals, deteriorating the condition of vitiligo. DAMP levels in serum and skin may be used as biomarkers to indicate vitiligo activity and prognosis. Targeted therapies, incorporating HMGB1, Hsp70, and IL-15 could significantly improve disease etiology. Thus, novel strategies could be identified for vitiligo treatment by targeting DAMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangmin Wei
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanxiao Mao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rulan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanmin He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China, Yuanmin He Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tukaj S, Sitko K. Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) and Hsp70 as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Autoimmune Skin Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081153. [PMID: 36009046 PMCID: PMC9405624 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a hundred different autoimmune diseases have been described to date, which can affect every organ in the body, including the largest one, the skin. In fact, up to one-fifth of the world's population suffers from chronic, noninfectious inflammatory skin diseases, the development of which is significantly influenced by an autoimmune response. One of the hallmarks of autoimmune diseases is the loss of immune tolerance, which leads to the formation of autoreactive lymphocytes or autoantibodies and, consequently, to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The treatment of autoimmune skin diseases mainly focuses on immunosuppression (using, e.g., corticosteroids) but almost never leads to the development of permanent mechanisms of immune tolerance. In addition, current therapies and their long-term administration may cause serious adverse effects. Hence, safer and more effective therapies that bring sustained balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses are still desired. Both intra- and extracellular heat shock proteins (Hsps), specifically well-characterized inducible Hsp90 and Hsp70 chaperones, have been highlighted as therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. This review presents preclinical data on the involvement of Hsp90 and Hsp70 in modulating the immune response, specifically in the context of the treatment of selected autoimmune skin diseases with emphasis on autoimmune bullous skin diseases and psoriasis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Danieli MG, Antonelli E, Piga MA, Claudi I, Palmeri D, Tonacci A, Allegra A, Gangemi S. Alarmins in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103142. [PMID: 35853572 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alarmins are endogenous, constitutively expressed, chemotacting and immune activating proteins or peptides released because of non-programmed cell death (i.e. infections, trauma, etc). They are considered endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), able to induce a sterile inflammation. In the last years, several studies highlighted a possible role of different alarmins in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases. We reviewed the relevant literature about this topic, for about 160 articles. Particularly, we focused on systemic autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, ANCA-associated vasculitides, Behçet's disease) and cutaneous organ-specific autoimmune diseases (vitiligo, psoriasis, alopecia, pemphigo). Finally, we discussed about future perspectives and potential therapeutic implications of alarmins in autoimmune diseases. In fact, identification of receptors and downstream signal transducers of alarmins may lead to the identification of antagonistic inhibitors and agonists, with the capacity to modulate alarmins-related pathways and potential therapeutic applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Danieli
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy; Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Antonelli
- PostGraduate School of Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mario Andrea Piga
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Claudi
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Davide Palmeri
- Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrated Proteomics Based on 2D Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry with Validations: Identification of a Biomarker Compendium for Oral Submucous Fibrosis—An Indian Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020208. [PMID: 35207696 PMCID: PMC8878868 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease more frequently found in the South East Asian population. This disease poses a public health priority, as it is grouped under oral potentially malignant disorders, with malignant transformation rates of around 7 to 13%. Hence, early identification of high-risk OSMF patients is of the utmost importance to prevent malignant transformation. Proteomic expression profiling is a promising method for identifying differentially expressed proteins for disease prognosis and risk stratification in OSMF. In this study, overexpressed proteins in OSMF, OSMF transformed into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal tissues were evaluated by proteomic analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry, which revealed 23 upregulated proteins. Validation was done using immunohistochemistry for three secretory proteins, namely 14-3-3ε (n = 130), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA 1) (n = 125) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP 70) (n = 117), which showed significant overexpression in OSMF, OSCC compared to normal. The present study is the first of its kind in India to the best of our knowledge, assessing the altered expression of proteins in OSMF and OSMF which has undergone malignant transformation, obtaining a better knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in the disease progression. The current study shows that the biomarkers studied can be potentially useful for risk stratification of OSMF to OSCC serving as novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Clinical validation of the targets can further pave way for precision medicine to improve the quality of life in OSMF patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu H, Xu J, Xie B, Hu Y, Luo H, Chen Y, Song X. The multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo based on network pharmacology. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15023. [PMID: 34089287 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Network pharmacology is an emerging discipline that designs drugs based on systems biology theory and biological system network analysis. Here, we applied network pharmacology to analyze the multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo First, we predicted the targets of Cyclosporin A. Second, we obtained the genes related to vitiligo from the database. Third, we constructed the PPI network of the mutual genes between Cyclosporin A and vitiligo and used gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to analyze. Finally, we verified the prediction of potential targets through a docking study with Cyclosporin A. We found that there were 15 shared target genes between Cyclosporin A and vitiligo. We analyzed these 15 genes by Cytoscape and obtained a network diagram of 885 nodes. Through screening and molecular docking, PRKDC, CUL7, CUL1, HSPA8, HSPA4, and SIRT7 were the most likely multi-target mechanism of Cyclosporin A in the treatment of vitiligo. In our study, Cyclosporin A might not only affect the repair of DNA strands by targeting PRKDC, but also affected the innate and adaptive immune function of vitiligo patients by the targets of CUL1, CUL7, and HSP70. In addition, Cyclosporin A might promote the repigmentation of vitiligo by adjusting the expression of SIRT7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Lu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yebei Hu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haixin Luo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, The Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic inflammatory skin disease leading to the loss of epidermal melanocytes. To date, treatment options for vitiligo patients are limited, lack sustained efficacy, and are mainly based on off-label use of immunosuppressive agents, such as systemic or topical steroids or topical calcineurin inhibitors, in association with the use of ultraviolet light. However, recent insights into the understanding of the immune pathogenesis of the disease have led to the identification of several therapeutic targets and the development of targeted therapies that are now being tested in clinical trials. In this review, based on the physiopathology of the disease, we summarize emerging targets that could be developed for the treatment of vitiligo and discuss recent and ongoing developments of drugs for the management of the disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Martins LT, Frigeri HR, de Castro CCS, Mira MT. Association study between vitiligo and autoimmune-related genes CYP27B1, REL, TNFAIP3, IL2 and IL21. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:535-538. [PMID: 32282963 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology of vitiligo has not been fully elucidated, and several hypotheses have been investigated; among them, the most explored assumes an autoimmune basis for the disease. Supporting this hypothesis is the frequent co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases with vitiligo. In addition, various genetic loci associated with vitiligo harbour key immune response genes. Our general hypothesis is that autoimmunity-associated genes participate in the control of vitiligo susceptibility. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested for association between vitiligo and genes CYP27B1, REL, TNFAIP3 and IL2/IL21, all previously related to autoimmune diseases associated with vitiligo. The study was performed using two independent population samples: a family-based discovery set (211 trios) and a replication set (131 cases/119 controls). Statistically significant association with vitiligo was detected between markers of the REL and IL2 gene in the family-based sample. Both association signals were concentrated among patients displaying autoimmune comorbidity and non-segmental vitiligo. Evidence for validation was detected for IL2 marker. Our findings suggest REL and IL2 as new vitiligo susceptibility genes and reinforce the hypothesis of a shared genetic mechanism controlling vitiligo and other autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laysa Toschi Martins
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Frisoli ML, Harris JE. Treatment with Modified Heat Shock Protein Repigments Vitiligo Lesions in Sinclair Swine. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2505-2506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
11
|
Henning SW, Fernandez MF, Mahon JP, Duff R, Azarafrooz F, Guevara-Patiño JA, Rademaker AW, Salzman AL, Le Poole IC. HSP70i Q435A-Encoding DNA Repigments Vitiligo Lesions in Sinclair Swine. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2531-2539. [PMID: 30031029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human HSP70iQ435A carries a single amino-acid modification within the dendritic cell activating region and tolerizes dendritic cells in vitro. The underlying DNA was used to prevent and treat disease in vitiligo mouse models through reduced dendritic cell activation and diminished skin T-cell infiltration, suggesting the same may be useful for patients. Physiologic differences between mouse and human skin then called for studies in large animals with human-like skin. We established the efficiency of DNA jet injection into swine skin before subcloning HSP70iQ435A into clinically suitable vector pUMVC3. Vitiligo lesions in Sinclair swine were treated with plasmid DNA to measure changes in depigmentation, T-cell infiltration, expression of HSP70i in skin, serum HSP70i, and anti-HSP70i serum titers. Remarkable repigmentation following HSP70iQ435A-encoding DNA treatment persisted throughout the 6-month follow-up period. Repigmentation was accompanied by an initial influx of T cells accompanied by increased CD4/CD8 ratios, waning by week 15. Melanocytes spanned the border of repigmenting skin, suggesting that melanocyte repopulation precedes skin melanization. Serum titer fluctuations were not treatment-associated. Importantly, treatment did not interfere with melanoma immunosurveillance. These data encourage clinical testing of HSP70iQ435A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Henning
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - James P Mahon
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard Duff
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Farshid Azarafrooz
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - José A Guevara-Patiño
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Surgery, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alfred W Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - I Caroline Le Poole
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chauhan A. Interplay of vitamin D with T regulatory cells (FOXP3+Treg) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in children with atopic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/moji.2018.06.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Vitiligo: Mechanistic insights lead to novel treatments. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:654-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
14
|
Speeckaert R, Speeckaert M, De Schepper S, van Geel N. Biomarkers of disease activity in vitiligo: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:937-945. [PMID: 28698094 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of vitiligo is complex although recent research has discovered several markers which are linked to vitiligo and associated with disease activity. Besides providing insights into the driving mechanisms of vitiligo, these findings could reveal potential biomarkers. Activity markers can be used to monitor disease activity in clinical trials and may also be useful in daily practice. The aim of this systematic review was to document which factors have been associated with vitiligo activity in skin and blood. A second goal was to determine how well these factors are validated in terms of sensitivity and specificity as biomarkers to determine vitiligo activity. Both in skin (n=43) as in blood (n=66) an adequate number of studies fulfilled the predefined inclusion criteria. These studies used diverse methods and investigated a broad range of plausible biomarkers. Unfortunately, sensitivity and specificity analyses were scarce. In skin, simple histopathology with or without supplemental CD4 and CD8 stainings can still be considered as the gold standard, although more recently chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) 9 and NLRP1 have demonstrated a good and possibly even better association with progressive disease. Regarding circulating biomarkers, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β), autoantibodies, oxidative stress markers, immune cells (Tregs), soluble CDs (sCD25, sCD27) and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10) are still competing. However, the two latter may be preferable as both chemokines and soluble CDs are easy to measure and the available studies display promising results. A large multicenter study could make more definitive statements regarding their sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Speeckaert
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S De Schepper
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - N van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Doss RW, El-Rifaie AAA, Abdel-Wahab AM, Gohary YM, Rashed LA. Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression in Vitiligo and its Relation to the Disease Activity. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:408-12. [PMID: 27512186 PMCID: PMC4966399 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes from the epidermis. The etiopathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are prime candidates to connect stress to the skin. HSPs were found to be implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and other skin disorders as psoriasis. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to map the level of HSP-70 in vitiligo lesions to declare its role in the pathogenesis and activity of vitiligo. Materials and Methods: The study included thirty patients with vitiligo and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Vitiligo patients were divided as regards to the disease activity into highly active, moderately active, and inactive vitiligo groups. Skin biopsies were taken from the lesional and nonlesional skin of patients and from the normal skin of the controls. HSP-70 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was estimated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our analysis revealed a significantly higher expression of HSP-70 mRNA in lesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients compared to nonlesional skin biopsies from vitiligo patients (P < 0.001) and compared to skin biopsies from healthy controls (P < 0.001). The level of HSP-70 was not found to be correlated with age, sex, or disease duration. The expression of HSP-70 was correlated with the disease activity and patients with active vitiligo showed higher mean HSP-70 level compared to those with inactive disease. Conclusions: HSP-70 plays a role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may enhance the immune response in active disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham William Doss
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Amr M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Gohary
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao F, Chang D, Biddanda A, Ma L, Guo Y, Zhou Z, Keinan A. XWAS: A Software Toolset for Genetic Data Analysis and Association Studies of the X Chromosome. J Hered 2015; 106:666-71. [PMID: 26268243 PMCID: PMC4567842 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
XWAS is a new software suite for the analysis of the X chromosome in association studies and similar genetic studies. The X chromosome plays an important role in human disease and traits of many species, especially those with sexually dimorphic characteristics. Special attention needs to be given to its analysis due to the unique inheritance pattern, which leads to analytical complications that have resulted in the majority of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) either not considering X or mishandling it with toolsets that had been designed for non-sex chromosomes. We hence developed XWAS to fill the need for tools that are specially designed for analysis of X. Following extensive, stringent, and X-specific quality control, XWAS offers an array of statistical tests of association, including: 1) the standard test between a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) and disease risk, including after first stratifying individuals by sex, 2) a test for a differential effect of a SNP on disease between males and females, 3) motivated by X-inactivation, a test for higher variance of a trait in heterozygous females as compared with homozygous females, and 4) for all tests, a version that allows for combining evidence from all SNPs across a gene. We applied the toolset analysis pipeline to 16 GWAS datasets of immune-related disorders and 7 risk factors of coronary artery disease, and discovered several new X-linked genetic associations. XWAS will provide the tools and incentive for others to incorporate the X chromosome into GWAS and similar studies in any species with an XX/XY system, hence enabling discoveries of novel loci implicated in many diseases and in their sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Diana Chang
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Arjun Biddanda
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Li Ma
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Yingjie Guo
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Zilu Zhou
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo)
| | - Alon Keinan
- From the Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Gao, Chang, Biddanda, Ma, Guo, Zhou, and Keinan); Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (Chang and Keinan); Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (Ma); and School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China (Guo).
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Araujo AP, Giorgio S. Immunohistochemical evidence of stress and inflammatory markers in mouse models of cutaneous leishmaniosis. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:671-82. [PMID: 25896942 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Leishmanioses are chronic parasitic diseases and host responses are associated with pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines involved, respectively, in the control or exacerbation of infection. The relevance of other inflammatory mediators and stress markers has not been widely studied and there is a need to search for biomarkers to leishmaniasis. In this work, the stress and inflammatory molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclooxygenase-2, migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein 2, heat shock protein 70 kDa, vascular endothelial factor (VEGF), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α), heme oxygenase and galectin-3 expression were assessed immunohistochemically in self-controlled lesions in C57BL/6 mice and severe lesions in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. The results indicated that the majority of molecules were expressed in the cutaneous lesions of both C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice during various phases of infection, suggesting no obvious correlation between the stress and inflammatory molecule expression and the control/exacerbation of leishmanial lesions. However, the cytokine VEGF was only detected in C57BL/6 footpad lesions and small lesions in Balb/c mice treated with antimonial pentavalent. These findings suggest that VEGF expression could be a predictive factor for murine leishmanial control, a hypothesis that should be tested in human leishmaniosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paiva Araujo
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mosenson JA, Flood K, Klarquist J, Eby JM, Koshoffer A, Boissy RE, Overbeck A, Tung RC, Le Poole IC. Preferential secretion of inducible HSP70 by vitiligo melanocytes under stress. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:209-20. [PMID: 24354861 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inducible HSP70 (HSP70i) chaperones peptides from stressed cells, protecting them from apoptosis. Upon extracellular release, HSP70i serves an adjuvant function, enhancing immune responses to bound peptides. We questioned whether HSP70i differentially protects control and vitiligo melanocytes from stress and subsequent immune responses. We compared expression of HSP70i in skin samples, evaluated the viability of primary vitiligo and control melanocytes exposed to bleaching phenols, and measured secreted HSP70i. We determined whether HSP70i traffics to melanosomes to contact immunogenic proteins by cell fractionation, western blotting, electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. Viability of vitiligo and control melanocytes was equally affected under stress. However, vitiligo melanocytes secreted increased amounts of HSP70i in response to MBEH, corroborating with aberrant HSP70i expression in patient skin. Intracellular HSP70i colocalized with melanosomes, and more so in response to MBEH in vitiligo melanocytes. Thus, whereas either agent is cytotoxic to melanocytes, MBEH preferentially induces immune responses to melanocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Mosenson
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology & Immunology/Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|