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Jarosławski J, Burzyński J, Kryczka K, Michalak A, Warda W, Zieliński K, Fendler W, Chobot A. Impact of anthropometric factors on chest compression depth during CPR provided by children aged 11-14 in a community-wide study. Resusc Plus 2024; 19:100708. [PMID: 39100391 PMCID: PMC11294725 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the depth of chest compressions (CC) provided by schoolchildren and their relation with providers's anthropometric characteristics. Methods We organized 1-hour hands-on training sessions for 11-14y.o. in volunteering schools. After training, willing subjects performed 2 min of recorded continuous CCs by means of Laerdal Resusci Anne® with CPRMeter2®, with visual feedback. Compression pace was given by metronome; instructors supervised the correct body position. Collected data included age, sex, as well as measured body weight and height. Results We analyzed records from N = 702 children (mean age: 12.76 ± 1.02 years, 379 (51.63%) boys) out of 761 participating in the study. Their mean median compression depth (MCD) was 46.70 ± 7.74 mm, which was below minimal effective CC depth advised by current guidelines (50 mm). This corresponded to low mean fraction of CCs ≥ 50 mm (CCF ≥ 50 mm, 42.86 ± 33.67%), and only 42.88% of children achieving at least 50% of compressions ≥ 50 mm. Boys had significantly higher mean MCD and CCF ≥ 50 mm than girls (MCD: 49.34 ± 7.05 mm vs 45.97 ± 8.07 mm, p < 0.0001; CCF ≥ 50 mm: 50.23 ± 32.90% vs 40.40 ± 34.97%, p < 0.0001). Age differentiated children who achieved at least 50% of compressions ≥50 mm from those who did not with AUC of 0.69 (for cut-off of 12.1 years: 85% sensitivity, 41% specificity), whereas weight offered an improved prediction (AUC 0.74; for cut-off 44.8 kg: 77.4% sensitivity, 61.1% specificity). Conclusions Sex, age and anthropometric factors are significant CC quality factors. Children with higher body weight are more likely to deliver CCF50%≥50 mm. Among the studied population, children ≥12 years old provided more effective chest compressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Jarosławski
- Student Association of Pediatrics and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W.Witosa 26, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Jacek Burzyński
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 15, 92-215Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kryczka
- Student Association of Pediatrics and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W.Witosa 26, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Michalak
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 15, 92-215Lodz, Poland
- Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Sporna 36/50, 91-738 Lodz Poland
| | - Wiktor Warda
- Student Association of Pediatrics and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W.Witosa 26, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zieliński
- Student Association of Pediatrics and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W.Witosa 26, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Mazowiecka 15, 92-215Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Chobot
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W.Witosa 26, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Antón-Gamero M, Avila-Alvarez A, Balaguer-Martínez JV, Campaña MB, Galera-Martínez R. Annual report of the editors of Anales de Pediatría. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:393-400. [PMID: 38851980 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
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Antón-Gamero M, Ávila-Álvarez A, Balaguer-Martínez JV, Bueno Campaña M, Galera Martínez R. Report of Editors: A year's work. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023:S2341-2879(23)00104-7. [PMID: 37208201 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
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Schroeder DC, Semeraro F, Greif R, Bray J, Morley P, Parr M, Kondo Nakagawa N, Iwami T, Finke SR, Malta Hansen C, Lockey A, Del Rios M, Bhanji F, Sasson C, Schexnayder SM, Scquizzato T, Wetsch WA, Böttiger BW. Temporarily Removed. Resuscitation 2023:109772. [PMID: 37190748 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic life support education for schoolchildren has become a key initiative to increase bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates. Our objective was to review the existing literature on teaching schoolchildren basic life support to identify the best practices to provide basic life support training in schoolchildren. METHODS After topics and subgroups were defined, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. Systematic reviews and controlled and uncontrolled prospective and retrospective studies containing data on students <20 years of age were included. RESULTS Schoolchildren are highly motivated to learn basic life support. The CHECK-CALL-COMPRESS algorithm is recommended for all schoolchildren. Regular training in basic life support regardless of age consolidates long-term skills. Young children from 4 years of age are able to assess the first links in the chain of survival. By 10 to 12 years of age, effective chest compression depths and ventilation volumes can be achieved on training manikins. A combination of theoretical and practical training is recommended. Schoolteachers serve as effective basic life support instructors. Schoolchildren also serve as multipliers by passing on basic life support skills to others. The use of age-appropriate social media tools for teaching is a promising approach for schoolchildren of all ages. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren basic life support training has the potential to educate whole generations to respond to cardiac arrest and to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Comprehensive legislation, curricula, and scientific assessment are crucial to further develop the education of schoolchildren in basic life support.
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Pedrazas-López D, de Pablo-Márquez B, Cunillera-Puértolas O, Almeda-Ortega J. RCParvulari training: A basic life support training methodology applied to 5-year-old students: Effectiveness in a cluster-randomized clinical trail. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 98:99-108. [PMID: 36740509 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basic life support training in school age is a topical issue because, with adequate training, any person can help save a life. METHODS Cluster clinical trial with data collection through an ad hoc self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The target population encompassed the students aged 4-6 years enrolled in 49 educational centres. The centres were randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. The intervention group was trained with the RCParvulari® methodology, consisting of theoretical and practical training on the first link of the chain of survival. The control group only received theoretical training. We evaluated participants before and immediately after the intervention and between 3 and 12 months post intervention by means of the questionnaire. We assessed the acquisition and retention over time of the knowledge and skills covered in the training compared to previous trainings in both groups. RESULTS A total of 1327 schoolchildren (79% of the target population) participated. The level of knowledge acquired immediately after training and after 3-12 months compared to baseline was significantly better (P < .001) in the intervention group than in the control group, both in early recognition and contacting of emergency services (112) and in remembering the "mouth-nose-eyes" mnemonic. CONCLUSIONS The RCParvulari® methodology significantly contributed to an improved ability to recognize a possible medical emergency, start the chain of survival by alerting an adult and call the 112 emergency number in students in the last year of preschool education.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pedrazas-López
- Centro de Atención Primaria Sant Andreu de la Barca, Dirección de Atención Primaria Costa de Ponent, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Andreu de la Barca, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oriol Cunillera-Puértolas
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación de Costa de Ponent, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jesús Almeda-Ortega
- Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación de Costa de Ponent, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAPJGol), Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Formación RCParvulari: una metodología de formación en soporte vital básico aplicado al alumnado de 5 años de educación infantil: Efectividad en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado por conglomerados. An Pediatr (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Cons-Ferreiro M, Mecías-Calvo M, Romo-Pérez V, Navarro-Patón R. The Effects of an Intervention Based on the Flipped Classroom on the Learning of Basic Life Support in Schoolchildren Aged 10–13 Years: A Quasi-Experimental Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9091373. [PMID: 36138682 PMCID: PMC9497573 DOI: 10.3390/children9091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests are attended first by bystanders who are usually friends and/or relatives of the victim. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyse the impact of a training process based on the flipped classroom on basic life support skills in primary education students. The sample consisted of 308 children (148 experimental group (EG) and 160 control group (CG)) between 10 and 13 years old (M = 10.68 ± 0.64) from 2 schools in Galicia, Spain. The data reveal that the quality parameters are obtained in the number of total compressions in 2 min (CG = 213 and EG = 217; p = 0.024) and in the percentage of correct compressions (CG = 87.23% and EG = 91.6%; p = 0.013) except for the mean depth and the percentage of correct compressions, which were not reached in any case. Regarding the application of an effective discharge with the Automated external defibrillator (AED), there were no significant differences in the time used by schoolchildren between both methods (p = 0.795), but 97.5% (n = 156) of the CG and 100% (n = 148) of the EG are able to do it in just over 1 min. Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that a training program based on the flipped classroom is as effective and viable as traditional training in psychomotricity on CPR techniques and the application of an effective discharge using an AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cons-Ferreiro
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcos Mecías-Calvo
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-982-821069
| | - Vicente Romo-Pérez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Campus a Xunqueira, s/n, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Facultad de Formación del Profesorado, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27001 Lugo, Spain
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Abelairas-Gómez C, Martinez-Isasi S, Barcala-Furelos R, Varela-Casal C, Carballo-Fazanes A, Pichel-López M, Fernández Méndez F, Otero-Agra M, Sanchez Santos L, Rodriguez-Nuñez A. Training frequency for educating schoolchildren in basic life support: very brief 4-month rolling-refreshers versus annual retraining-a 2-year prospective longitudinal trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052478. [PMID: 34848519 PMCID: PMC8634240 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness of 4-month rolling-refreshers and annual retraining in basic life support (BLS) on a sample of schoolchildren. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and seventy-two schoolchildren (8-12 years old). INTERVENTIONS Schoolchildren were instructed in BLS and then split into the following three groups: control group (CG), standard group (SG) and rolling-refresher group (RRG). Their BLS skills were assessed within 1 week (T1) and 2 years later (T2). Moreover, CG did not receive any additional training; SG received one 50 min retraining session 1 year later; RRG participated in very brief (5 min) rolling-refreshers that were carried out every 4 months. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES Hands-on skills of BLS sequence and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. RESULTS BLS sequence performance was similar in all groups at T1, but SG and RRG followed the steps of the protocol in more proportion than CG at T2. When compared at T2, RRG showed higher proficiency than SG in checking safety, checking response, opening the airway and alerting emergency medical services. In addition, although the mean resuscitation quality was low in all groups, RRG participants reached a higher percentage of global quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CG: 16.4±24.1; SG: 25.3±28.8; RRG: 29.9%±29.4%), with a higher percentage of correct chest compressions by depth (CG: 3.9±11.8; SG: 10.8±22.7; RRG: 15.5±26.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS In 8-to-12-year-old schoolchildren, although annual 50 min retraining sessions help to maintain BLS performance, 4-month very brief rolling-refreshers were shown to be even more effective. Thus, we recommend implementing baseline BLS training at schools, with subsequently brief rolling-refreshers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abelairas-Gómez
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela- CHUS, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Martinez-Isasi
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela- CHUS, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago Compostela, Spain
| | - Roberto Barcala-Furelos
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Varela-Casal
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Aida Carballo-Fazanes
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela- CHUS, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pichel-López
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Felipe Fernández Méndez
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Martín Otero-Agra
- REMOSS Research Group, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Sanchez Santos
- Pediatric, Health area of Santiago de Compostela-Barbanza, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodriguez-Nuñez
- Simulation and Intensive Care Unit of Santiago (SICRUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela- CHUS, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- CLINURSID Research Group, Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine Department, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago Compostela, Spain
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela-CHUS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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