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Graner M, Gutierre M, Salgado LS, Mishaly A, Baptista J, Calheiros G, Buda AM, Bowder AN, Corlew DS, Botelho F, de Souza Gomez D, Alonso N, Pompermaier L. Who Gets Burned in Brazil? J Burn Care Res 2024; 45:926-931. [PMID: 37139956 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Burns are preventable injuries that still represent a relevant public health issue. The identification of risk factors might contribute to the development of specific preventive strategies. Data of patients admitted at the Hospital due to acute burn injuries from May 2017 to December 2019, was extracted manually from medical records. The population was analyzed descriptively, and differences between groups were tested using the appropriate statistical test. The study population consisted of 370 patients with burns admitted to the Hospital burn unit during the study period. The majority of the patients were males (257/370, 70%), median age was 33 (IQR:18-43), median TBSA% was 13 (IQR 6.35-21.5 and range 0-87.5%), and 54% of patients had full-thickness burns (n = 179). Children younger than 13 years old represented 17% of the study population (n = 63), 60% of them were boys (n = 38), and scalds was the predominant mechanism of burn injury (n = 45). No children died, however 10% of adults did (n = 31). Self-inflicted burns were observed in 16 adults (5%), of whom 6 (38%) died during admission, however self-inflicted burns were not observed in children. Psychiatric disorders and substance misuse were frequent in this subgroup. White adults male from urban areas who had not completed primary school degree were the major risk group for burns. Smoking and alcohol misuse were the most frequent comorbidities. Accidental domestic flame burns were the predominant injuries in the adult population and scalds in the pediatric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Graner
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gutierre
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas S Salgado
- School of Medicine, União Educacional do Vale do Aço, Ipatinga, MG, Brazil
| | | | - João Baptista
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandra M Buda
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexis N Bowder
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Scott Corlew
- Harvard Medical School-Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Nivaldo Alonso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Pompermaier
- Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery and Burns, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Khanagar SB, AlBalawi F, Alshehri A, Awawdeh M, Iyer K, Kumar Bijai L, Aldhebaib A, Gokulchandra Singh O. Unveiling the Impact of Electronic Cigarettes (EC) on Health: An Evidence-Based Review of EC as an Alternative to Combustible Cigarettes. Cureus 2024; 16:e56451. [PMID: 38638766 PMCID: PMC11024731 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been considered a major public health concern due to its serious impact on health. However, smokers intending to quit may find long-term abstinence challenging. When smoking an electronic cigarette (EC), users can experience a sensation and taste similar to that of smoking a combustible cigarette. Therefore, manufacturers promote these products as a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes. However, several researchers report the serious health impacts experienced by EC users. Therefore, this review aims to examine the health impacts of EC use. Based on the findings of the research papers reported in the literature, the role of EC as a smoking cessation tool is unclear. Several researchers have also reported a significant association between EC usage among non-smokers at baseline and the future initiation of combustible cigarette smoking. EC use significantly impacts user health. The nicotine that is present in EC e-liquids can elevate blood pressure, resulting in blood vessel constriction and an increase in heart rate, ultimately leading the body to an ischemic condition, resulting in myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and increased arterial stiffness. Researchers report a higher likelihood of prediabetes among EC users; its usage was associated with higher OR of having asthma attacks and higher OR of reporting depression and has an impact on birth outcomes among pregnant women. Men using EC are more likely to report erectile dysfunction than non-users. EC also has a significant impact on oral health, which includes periodontal diseases, mucosal lesions, irritation in the mouth and throat, reduced salivary flow, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The physical injury resulting from exploding EC is another health concern. The frequently burned areas included the hands, face, genitalia, and thighs. Marketers promote EC as an alternative to combustible cigarettes and a tool for quitting smoking. However, the Food and Drug Administration has not approved them for smoking cessation. EC can have a serious impact on the health of their users; hence, the findings of this paper have several implications, including the need for regulation of the sales and marketing of these products and educating the users on the impact of these products on their health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B Khanagar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Farraj AlBalawi
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Aram Alshehri
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed Awawdeh
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Laliytha Kumar Bijai
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ali Aldhebaib
- Radiological Sciences Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Oinam Gokulchandra Singh
- Radiological Sciences Program, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
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Injuries From Explosions: More Differences Than Similarities Between Various Types. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e154. [PMID: 35514263 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare injury patterns of different types of explosions. METHODS A retrospective study of 4508 patients hospitalized due to explosions recorded in the Israel National Trauma Registry between January 1997 and December 2018. The events were divided into 4 groups: terror-related, war-related, civilian intentional explosions, and civilian unintentional explosions. The groups were compared in terms of injuries sustained, utilization of hospital resources, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Civilian intentional and terror-related explosions were found to be similar in most aspects except for factors directly influencing mortality and a larger volume of severely injured body regions among terror-victims. Comparisons between other groups produced some parallels, albeit less consistent. Civilian intentional explosions and civilian unintentional explosions were different from each other in most aspects. The latter group also differed from others by its high volume of life-threatening burns and a higher proportion of children casualties. CONCLUSIONS While consistent similarities between explosion casualties exist, especially between victims of intentional civilian and terror-related explosions, the general rule is that clinical experience with a type of explosion cannot be directly transferred to other types.
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Chai H, Chaudhari N, Kornhaber R, Cuttle L, Fear M, Wood F, Martin L. Chemical burn to the skin: A systematic review of first aid impacts on clinical outcomes. Burns 2022; 48:1527-1543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Flores CE, Chestovich PJ, Saquib S, Carroll J, Al-Hamad M, Foster KN, Delapena S, Richey K, Lallemand M, Dennis BM, Palmieri TL, Romanowski K, Godat L, Lee J. Electronic Cigarette-Related Injuries Presenting to Five Large Burn Centers, 2015-2019. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:1254-1260. [PMID: 34143185 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are advertised as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes yet cause serious injury. US burn centers have witnessed a rise in both inpatient and outpatient visits to treat thermal injuries related to their use. A multicenter retrospective chart review of American Burn Association burn registry data from 5 large burn centers was performed from January 2015 to July 2019 to identify patients with electronic cigarette-related injuries. A total of 127 patients were identified. Most sustained less than 10% total body surface area burns (mean 3.8%). Sixty-six percent sustained 2nd degree burns. Most patients (78%) were injured while using their device. Eighteen percent of patients reported spontaneous device combustion. Two patients were injured while changing their device battery, and two were injured modifying their device. Three percent were injured by second-hand mechanism. Burn injury was the most common injury pattern (100%), followed by blast injury (3.93%). Flame burns were the most common (70%) type of thermal injury; however, most patients sustained a combination-type injury secondary to multiple burn mechanisms. The most injured body region was the extremities. Silver sulfadiazine was the most common agent used in initial management of thermal injuries. Sixty-three percent of patients did not require surgery. Of the 36% requiring surgery, 43.4% required skin grafting. Multiple surgeries were uncommon. Our data recognizes electronic cigarette use as a public health problem with potential to cause thermal injury and secondary trauma. Most patients are treated on an inpatient basis although most patients treated on outpatient basis have good outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen E Flores
- University of Las Vegas Nevada, University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Paul J Chestovich
- University of Las Vegas Nevada, University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Syed Saquib
- University of Las Vegas Nevada, University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Joseph Carroll
- University of Las Vegas Nevada, University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Mariam Al-Hamad
- University of Las Vegas Nevada, University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | | | | | - Karen Richey
- Arizona Burn Center Valleywise Health, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | | | - Tina L Palmieri
- University of California, Davis Health, Shriner's Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Kathleen Romanowski
- University of California, Davis Health, Shriner's Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Laura Godat
- University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, California
| | - Jeanne Lee
- University of California, San Diego Health, San Diego, California
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Goffinet L, Dantzer E. Coverage of soft tissue defects in acute surgery for deep burns of the limbs. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2020; 65:345-379. [PMID: 32928577 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Burns of the limbs affect 48.6% of burn patients. Injury mechanisms condition their depth and degree of extension. Injury of the hands and/or the joint areas entails considerable risk of retraction. Coverage is consequently doubly challenging, it is a matter not only of compensating for a soft tissue defects, but also of striving to prevent early (infectious) and late (amplitude limitation, pain, loss of function…) complications. Thoroughgoing assessment of the initial injury and associated lesions is conducive to rapid determination of a therapeutic strategy tailored to the relevant functional issues and subsequent rehabilitation. Following a summary of the epidemiological elements and the medical context of management, a review of existing treatments has been drawn up based on the data in the literature and current professional recommendations. Emergency procedures, the different types of excision and the possibilities of autologous covering and skin substitutes are reported. Last but not least, routinely validated indications are synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goffinet
- Service de chirurgie infantile orthopédique/pediatric orthpedic surgery unit, hôpital d'enfant/children's hospital, université de Lorraine/university of Lorraine, CHRU de Nancy, 11, rue du Morvan, 54510 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - E Dantzer
- Centre des brûlés/burn treatment, hôpital d'instruction des armées Sainte-Anne/Sainte-Anne armed forces teaching hospital, boulevard Sainte-Anne, BP 20545, 83041 Toulon, France.
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E-cigarettes battery explosions: The place of blast related lesions. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2020; 65:176-178. [PMID: 32115286 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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