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Xiong X, Tang N, Lai X, Zhang J, Wen W, Li X, Li A, Wu Y, Liu Z. Insights Into Amentoflavone: A Natural Multifunctional Biflavonoid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:768708. [PMID: 35002708 PMCID: PMC8727548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amentoflavone is an active phenolic compound isolated from Selaginella tamariscina over 40 years. Amentoflavone has been extensively recorded as a molecule which displays multifunctional biological activities. Especially, amentoflavone involves in anti-cancer activity by mediating various signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), and emerges anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect via binding towards the main protease (Mpro/3CLpro), spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, amentoflavone is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent for clinical research. Considering the multifunction of amentoflavone, the current review comprehensively discuss the chemistry, the progress in its diverse biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-microorganism, metabolism regulation, neuroprotection, radioprotection, musculoskeletal protection and antidepressant, specially the fascinating role against various types of cancers. In addition, the bioavailability and drug delivery of amentoflavone, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activities of amentoflavone, the molecular docking simulation of amentoflavone through in silico approach and anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of amentoflavone are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Xiong
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weilun Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Luo Y, Yu F, Zhou M, Liu Y, Xia B, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhang J, Du Y, Li R, Wu L, Zhang X, Pan T, Guo D, Peng T, Zhang H. Engineering a Reliable and Convenient SARS-CoV-2 Replicon System for Analysis of Viral RNA Synthesis and Screening of Antiviral Inhibitors. mBio 2021; 12:e02754-20. [PMID: 33468688 PMCID: PMC7845634 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02754-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiologic agent of COVID-19 is highly contagious and has caused a severe global pandemic. Until now, there has been no simple and reliable system available in a lower-biosafety-grade laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 virologic research and inhibitor screening. In this study, we reported a replicon system which consists of four plasmids expressing the required segments of SARS-CoV-2. Our study revealed that the features for viral RNA synthesis and responses to antivirus drugs of the replicon are similar to those of wild-type viruses. Further analysis indicated that ORF6 provided potent in trans stimulation of the viral replication. Some viral variations, such as 5'UTR-C241T and ORF8-(T28144C) L84S mutation, also exhibit their different impact upon viral replication. Besides, the screening of clinically used drugs identified that several tyrosine kinase inhibitors and DNA-Top II inhibitors potently inhibit the replicon, as well as authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Collectively, this replicon system provides a biosafety-worry-free platform for studying SARS-CoV-2 virology, monitoring the functional impact of viral mutations, and developing viral inhibitors.IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has caused a severe global pandemic. Until now, there has been no simple and reliable system available in a lower-biosafety-grade laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 virologic research and inhibitor screening. We reported a replicon system which consists of four ordinary plasmids expressing the required segments of SARS-CoV-2. Using the replicon system, we developed three application scenarios: (i) to identify the effects of viral proteins on virus replication, (ii) to identify the effects of mutations on viral replication during viral epidemics, and (iii) to perform high-throughput screening of antiviral drugs. Collectively, this replicon system would be useful for virologists to study SARS-CoV-2 virology, for epidemiologists to monitor virus mutations, and for industry to develop antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Luo
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou/Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijin Xia
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiantao Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Du
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Wu
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou/Shenzhen, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou/Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Zhuang X, Magri A, Hill M, Lai AG, Kumar A, Rambhatla SB, Donald CL, Lopez-Clavijo AF, Rudge S, Pinnick K, Chang WH, Wing PAC, Brown R, Qin X, Simmonds P, Baumert TF, Ray D, Loudon A, Balfe P, Wakelam M, Butterworth S, Kohl A, Jopling CL, Zitzmann N, McKeating JA. The circadian clock components BMAL1 and REV-ERBα regulate flavivirus replication. Nat Commun 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 30670689 PMCID: PMC6343007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates immune responses to microbes and affects pathogen replication, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that the circadian components BMAL1 and REV-ERBα influence several steps in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle, including particle entry into hepatocytes and RNA genome replication. Genetic knock out of Bmal1 and over-expression or activation of REV-ERB with synthetic agonists inhibits the replication of HCV and the related flaviruses dengue and Zika via perturbation of lipid signaling pathways. This study highlights a role for the circadian clock component REV-ERBα in regulating flavivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Michelle Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Claire L Donald
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Simon Rudge
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Katherine Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Wai Hoong Chang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Peter A C Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ryan Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ximing Qin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - David Ray
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andrew Loudon
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jane A McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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4
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Modugu NR, Mehta G. Synthesis of the Polyoxygenated Cyclohexanoid Core of Bioactive Glycosides Xylosmin and Flacourtosides E and F. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10573-10579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Reddy Modugu
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry (CSIR), Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Goverdhan Mehta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
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5
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Retrovirus-Based Surrogate Systems for BSL-2 High-Throughput Screening of Antivirals Targeting BSL-3/4 Hemorrhagic Fever-Causing Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1604:393-403. [PMID: 28986850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6981-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The majority of viruses causing hemorrhagic fever in humans are Risk Group 3 or 4 pathogens and, therefore, can only be handled in biosafety level 3 or 4 (BSL-3/4) containment laboratories. The restricted number of such laboratories, the substantial financial requirements to maintain them, and safety concerns for the laboratory workers pose formidable challenges for rapid medical countermeasure discovery and evaluation. BSL-2 surrogate systems are a less challenging, cheap, and fast alternative to the use of live high-consequence viruses for dissecting and targeting individual steps of viral lifecycles with a diminished threat to the laboratory worker. Typical surrogate systems are virion-like particles (VLPs), transcriptionally active ("infectious") VLPs, minigenome systems, recombinant heterotypic viruses encoding proteins of target viruses, and vesiculoviral or retroviral pseudotype systems. Here, we outline the use of retroviral pseudotypes for identification of antivirals against BSL-4 pathogens.
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6
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Antiviral Activity of Thiazolide Derivatives Against Dengue Virus in Huh-7 Cell Line. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.62467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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7
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Naiyer MM, Cassidy SA, Magri A, Cowton V, Chen K, Mansour S, Kranidioti H, Mbirbindi B, Rettman P, Harris S, Fanning LJ, Mulder A, Claas FHJ, Davidson AD, Patel AH, Purbhoo MA, Khakoo SI. KIR2DS2 recognizes conserved peptides derived from viral helicases in the context of HLA-C. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:2/15/eaal5296. [DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aal5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Zhang QY, Li XD, Liu SQ, Deng CL, Zhang B, Ye HQ. Development of a stable Japanese encephalitis virus replicon cell line for antiviral screening. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3417-3423. [PMID: 28779235 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), an important pathogen in Eastern and Southern Asia and the Pacific, has spread to Australia and other territories in recent years. Although the vaccine for JEV has been used in some countries, development of efficient antiviral drugs is still an urgent requirement. Replicon systems have been widely used in the research of viral replication and antiviral screening for West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and dengue virus (DENV). Here, a novel JEV replicon harboring the Rluc and Pac gene (JEV-Pac-Rluc-Rep) was constructed. Furthermore, we established a BHK-21 cell line harboring JEV-Pac-Rluc-Rep (BHK-21/PAC/Rluc cell line) through continuous puromycin selection. Characterization of cell line stability showed that the replicon RNA could persistently replicate in this cell line for at least up to 10 rounds of passage. Using a known flavivirus inhibitor, the JEV replicon cell line was validated for antiviral screening. The JEV replicon cell line will be a valuable tool for both compound screening and viral replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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9
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Peyrat LA, Eparvier V, Eydoux C, Guillemot JC, Litaudon M, Stien D. Betulinic Acid, The First Lupane-Type Triterpenoid Isolated from Both a Phomopsis sp. and Its Host Plant Diospyros carbonaria Benoist. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [PMID: 27568476 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Following a biological screening using a dengue replicon virus-cell-based assay, Diospyros carbonaria AcOEt extract was investigated, affording six known lupane-type triterpenoids endowed with anti-DENV-2 NS5 polymerase activity. The study of the associated microbial community of this species permitted us to identify 38 endophytes belonging to five different orders. Nine out of these 38 strains showed significant activity on the dengue replicon assay. The chemical investigation of the most active one, Phomopsis sp. SNB-LAP1-7-32, led to the isolation of betulinic acid, an anti-viral secondary metabolite isolated previously from the host plant. This result is the first example of a lupane-type triterpenoid isolated from both an endophyte and its host plant. Its presence in the Phomopsis strain may result from gene transfer and/or specific niche selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Anne Peyrat
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Cécilia Eydoux
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 163 Avenue de Luminy, FR-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemot
- Centre de Recherche Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR 7257 CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 163 Avenue de Luminy, FR-13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR2301, University Paris-Saclay, FR-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire Océanologique, FR-66650, Banyuls/Mer, France
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10
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Chemical diversity and antiviral potential in the pantropical Diospyros genus. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Cook BWM, Nikiforuk AM, Cutts TA, Kobasa D, Court DA, Theriault SS. Development of a subgenomic clone system for Kyasanur Forest disease virus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:1047-1051. [PMID: 27357207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging tropical viruses pose an increasing threat to public health because social, economic and environmental factors such as global trade and deforestation allow for their migration into previously unexposed populations and ecological niches. Among such viruses, Kyasanur Forest disease virus (KFDV) deserves particular recognition because it causes hemorrhagic fever. This work describes the completion of an antiviral testing platform (subgenomic system) for KFDV that could be used to quickly and safely screen compounds capable of inhibiting KFDV replication without the requirement for high containment, as the structural genes have been replaced with a luciferase reporter gene precluding the generation of infectious particles. The coordination of KFDV kinetics with the replication characteristics of the subgenomic system has provided additional insight into the timing of flavivirus replication events, as the genetically engineered KFDV genome began replication as early as 2h post cellular entry. Possession of such antiviral testing platforms by public health agencies should accelerate the testing of antiviral drugs against emerging or recently emerged viruses mitigating the effects of their disease and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W M Cook
- Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada; Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada; Department of Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Aidan M Nikiforuk
- Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada; Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada; Department of Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Todd A Cutts
- Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada; Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- High Containment Respiratory Viruses Group, Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory at the Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P6, Canada,; Department of Medical Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deborah A Court
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Steven S Theriault
- Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P6, Canada; Applied Biosafety Research Program, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health and J. C. Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, 745 Logan Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3L5, Canada; Department of Microbiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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12
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Dengue Virus Reporter Replicon is a Valuable Tool for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Analysis of Virus Replication Mechanisms. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050122. [PMID: 27164125 PMCID: PMC4885077 DOI: 10.3390/v8050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. However, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets DENV infection. The replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. Since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicons, as well as reporter viruses, have been used in the study of various virological aspects of DENV and in the identification of DENV inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the DENV reporter replicon system and its applications in high-throughput screening (HTS) for identification of anti-DENV inhibitors. We also describe the use of this system in elucidation of the mechanisms of virus replication and viral dynamics in vivo and in vitro.
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13
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Abstract
The development of dengue virus "reverse genetic" systems based on full-length cDNA clones corresponding to the viral RNA genome has been an important technological platform for advancing dengue virus research. Mutations can be introduced into the genome to study their effect on virus replication and pathogenesis while attenuated or chimeric viruses can be constructed that are potential vaccine candidates. The deletion of the virus structural genes has led to the production of noninfectious, but replication competent viral subgenomes (termed replicons) that have been used to study viral replication and are useful for the screening of antiviral compounds. This article describes the development of dengue virus reverse genetic systems and protocols to manipulate the viral genome, recover infectious virus, and produce replicon-containing cell lines.
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14
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Tiong-Yip CL, Plant H, Sharpe P, Fan J, Rich K, Gorseth E, Yu Q. Development of a high-throughput replicon assay for the identification of respiratory syncytial virus inhibitors. Antiviral Res 2013; 101:75-81. [PMID: 24246168 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) drug discovery has been hindered by the lack of good chemistry starting points and would benefit from robust and convenient assays for high-throughput screening (HTS). In this paper, we present the development and optimization of a 384-well RSV replicon assay that enabled HTS for RSV replication inhibitors with a low bio-containment requirement. The established replicon assay was successfully implemented for high-throughput screening. A validation screen was performed which demonstrated high assay performance and reproducibility. Assay quality was further confirmed via demonstration of appropriate pharmacology for different classes of RSV replication tool inhibitors. RSV replicon and cytotoxicity assays were further developed into a multiplexed format that measured both inhibition of viral replication and cytotoxicity from the same well. This provided a time and cost efficient approach to support lead optimization. In summary, we have developed a robust RSV replicon assay to help expedite the discovery of novel RSV therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choi-Lai Tiong-Yip
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
| | - Helen Plant
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Jun Fan
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Kirsty Rich
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Elise Gorseth
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Qin Yu
- Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
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15
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A novel dengue virus inhibitor, BP13944, discovered by high-throughput screening with dengue virus replicon cells selects for resistance in the viral NS2B/NS3 protease. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:110-9. [PMID: 24145533 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01281-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) causes disease globally, resulting in an estimated 25 to 100 million new infections per year. No effective DENV vaccine is available, and the current treatment is only supportive. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic agents to cure this epidemic disease. In the present study, we identified a potential small-molecule inhibitor, BP13944, via high-throughput screening (HTS) of 60,000 compounds using a stable cell line harboring an efficient luciferase replicon of DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2). BP13944 reduced the expression of the DENV replicon reporter in cells, showing a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.03 ± 0.09 μM. Without detectable cytotoxicity, the compound inhibited replication or viral RNA synthesis in all four serotypes of DENV but not in Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Sequencing analyses of several individual clones derived from BP13944-resistant RNAs purified from cells harboring the DENV-2 replicon revealed a consensus amino acid substitution (E66G) in the region of the NS3 protease domain. Introduction of E66G into the DENV replicon, an infectious DENV cDNA clone, and recombinant NS2B/NS3 protease constructs conferred 15.2-, 17.2-, and 3.1-fold resistance to BP13944, respectively. Our results identify an effective small-molecule inhibitor, BP13944, which likely targets the DENV NS3 protease. BP13944 could be considered part of a more effective treatment regime for inhibiting DENV in the future.
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16
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van Cleef KWR, Overheul GJ, Thomassen MC, Kaptein SJF, Davidson AD, Jacobs M, Neyts J, van Kuppeveld FJM, van Rij RP. Identification of a new dengue virus inhibitor that targets the viral NS4B protein and restricts genomic RNA replication. Antiviral Res 2013; 99:165-71. [PMID: 23735301 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an important human arthropod-borne virus with a major impact on public health. Nevertheless, a licensed vaccine or specific treatment is still lacking. We therefore screened the NIH Clinical Collection (NCC), a library of drug-like small molecules, for inhibitors of DENV replication using a cell line that contains a stably replicating DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) subgenomic replicon. The most potent DENV inhibitor in the NCC was δ opioid receptor antagonist SDM25N. This compound showed antiviral activity against wild-type DENV2 in both Hela and BHK-21 cells, but not in the C6/36 cell line derived from the mosquito Aedes albopictus. The structurally related compound naltrindole also inhibited DENV replication, albeit less potently. Using a transient subgenomic replicon, we demonstrate that SDM25N restricts genomic RNA replication rather than translation of the viral genome. We identified a single amino acid substitution (F164L) in the NS4B protein that confers resistance to SDM25N. Remarkably, an NS4B amino acid substitution (P104L), which was previously shown to confer resistance to the DENV inhibitor NITD-618, also provided resistance to SDM25N. In conclusion, we have identified a new DENV inhibitor, SDM25N, which restricts genomic RNA replication by - directly or indirectly - targeting the viral NS4B protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen W R van Cleef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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17
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Yang CC, Tsai MH, Hu HS, Pu SY, Wu RH, Wu SH, Lin HM, Song JS, Chao YS, Yueh A. Characterization of an efficient dengue virus replicon for development of assays of discovery of small molecules against dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:228-41. [PMID: 23499649 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a public health threat to approximately 40% of the global population. At present, neither licensed vaccines nor effective therapies exist, and the mechanism of viral RNA replication is not well understood. Here, we report the development of efficient Renilla luciferase reporter-based DENV replicons that contain the full-length capsid sequence for transient and stable DENV RNA replication. A comparison of the transient and stable expression of this RNA-launched replicon to replicons containing various deletions revealed dengue replicon containing entire mature capsid RNA element has higher replicon activity. An efficient DNA-launched DENV replicon, pCMV-DV2Rep, containing a full-length capsid sequence, was created and successfully applied to evaluate the potency of known DENV inhibitors. Stable cell lines harboring the DENV replicon were easily established by transfecting pCMV-DV2Rep into BHK21 cells. Steady and high replicon reporter signals were observed in the stable DENV replicon cells, even after 30 passages. The stable DENV replicon cells were successfully used to determine the potency of known DENV inhibitors. A high-throughput screening assay based on stable DENV replicon cells was evaluated and shown to have an excellent Z' factor of 0.74. Altogether, the development of our efficient DENV replicon system will facilitate the study of virus replication and the discovery of antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chen Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan, ROC
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18
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Bourjot M, Leyssen P, Eydoux C, Guillemot JC, Canard B, Rasoanaivo P, Guéritte F, Litaudon M. Chemical constituents of Anacolosa pervilleana and their antiviral activities. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:1076-80. [PMID: 22613073 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue (DENV) virus replication, a systematic study with 820 ethyl acetate extracts of Madagascan plants was performed in a virus-cell-based assay for CHIKV and a DENV NS5 RNA-dependant RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay. The extract obtained from the leaves of Anacolosa pervilleana was selected for its significant activity in both assays. One new (E)-tridec-2-en-4-ynedioic acid named anacolosine (1), together with three known acetylenic acids, the octadeca-9,11,13-triynoic acid (2), (13E)-octadec-13-en-9,11-diynoic acid (3), (13E)-octadec-13-en-11-ynoic acid (4), two terpenoids, lupenone (5) and β-amyrone (6), and one cyanogenic glycoside, (S)-sambunigrin (7) were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data. The inhibitory potency of these compounds was evaluated on CHIKV, DENV RdRp and West-Nile polymerase virus (WNV RdRp). Both terpenoids showed a moderate activity against CHIKV (EC(50) 77 and 86 μM, respectively) and the acetylenic acids produced IC(50) values around 3 μM in the DENV RdRp assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourjot
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, LabEx LERMIT, Gif sur Yvette, France
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19
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Bourjot M, Leyssen P, Eydoux C, Guillemot JC, Canard B, Rasoanaivo P, Guéritte F, Litaudon M. Flacourtosides A-F, phenolic glycosides isolated from Flacourtia ramontchi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:752-8. [PMID: 22439591 DOI: 10.1021/np300059n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to identify novel inhibitors of chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) virus replication, a systematic study with 820 ethyl acetate extracts of madagascan plants was performed in a virus-cell-based assay for CHIKV, and a DENV NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) assay. The extract obtained from the stem bark of Flacourtia ramontchi was selected for its significant activity in both assays. Six new phenolic glycosides, named flacourtosides A-F (1-6), phenolic glycosides itoside H, xylosmin, scolochinenoside D, and poliothrysoside, and betulinic acid 3β-caffeate were obtained using the bioassay-guided isolation process. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Even though several extracts and fractions showed significant selective antiviral activity in the CHIKV virus-cell-based assay, none of the purified compounds did. However, in the DENV RNA polymerase assay, significant inhibition was observed with betulinic acid 3β-caffeate (IC(50) = 0.85 ± 0.1 μM) and to a lesser extent for the flacourtosides A and E (1 and 5, respectively), and scolochinenoside D (IC(50) values ~10 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bourjot
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), CNRS, LabEx LERMIT, 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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20
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Leardkamolkarn V, Sirigulpanit W, Chotiwan N, Kumkate S, Huang CYH. Development of Dengue type-2 virus replicons expressing GFP reporter gene in study of viral RNA replication. Virus Res 2011; 163:552-62. [PMID: 22197424 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding-gene into virus genes has provided a valuable tool for flavivirus research. This study aimed to develop dengue virus (DENV) replicons expressing GFP reporter that would provide a fast in vitro system to analyze functional roles of specific DENV sequences in viral replication. Two classes of recombinant replicon constructs were generated; one was a RNA-launched replicon with a GFP gene directly inserted into a full-length DENV genome (FL-DENV/GFP), and the other consisted of 4 types of DNA-launched DENV subgenomic replicons with GFP replacement at various structural genes (Δ-DENV/GFP). The FL-DENV/GFP resulted in GFP expression in transfected cells with no viable DENV being recovered from the transfection. The Δ-DENV/GFP constructs with partial structural gene deletion (ΔC-, ΔCprM/M-, ΔprM/M-, or ΔE-) expressed bright and long lasting GFP. The GFP expression intensity in living cells correlated well with the level of RNA replication. Various mutations in the 5'noncoding region of DENV-2 previously shown to be important genetic determinants for virus replication and mouse virulence were incorporated into the 5 different replicon constructs. Characterizations of 29 mutants demonstrated that these replicons can provide a useful platform for a quick and powerful in vitro system to analyze genetic determinants of DENV replication. These constructs can also be useful for development of vectors expressing foreign genes for various researches.
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21
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Julander JG, Perry ST, Shresta S. Important advances in the field of anti-dengue virus research. Antivir Chem Chemother 2011; 21:105-16. [PMID: 21233532 DOI: 10.3851/imp1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no licensed antivirals available for the treatment of dengue virus (DENV), which causes significant morbidity and mortality throughout tropical areas of the world and is now encroaching on the southern United States. Recent improvements in existing animal models and cell culture systems have been very important in elucidating the mechanisms of DENV pathogenesis in humans, including the identification of potential viral and host proteins that might be targeted for the treatment of DENV infection. The AG129 mouse model is a major advance in the development of antiviral and vaccine candidates for clinical use. It allows for testing of potential therapeutics in a relevant system that exhibits some aspects of disease that are similar to those observed in humans. This review focuses on recent developments in the AG129 mouse model and discusses compounds that have been found to be active in available cell and animal model systems within the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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22
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Shum D, Smith JL, Hirsch AJ, Bhinder B, Radu C, Stein DA, Nelson JA, Früh K, Djaballah H. High-content assay to identify inhibitors of dengue virus infection. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2011; 8:553-70. [PMID: 20973722 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2010.0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infections are vectored by mosquitoes and constitute one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in many parts of the world, affecting millions of people annually. Current treatments for DENV infections are nonspecific and largely ineffective. In this study, we describe the adaptation of a high-content cell-based assay for screening against DENV-infected cells to identify inhibitors and modulators of DENV infection. Using this high-content approach, we monitored the inhibition of test compounds on DENV protein production by means of immunofluorescence staining of DENV glycoprotein envelope, simultaneously evaluating cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. The adapted 384-well microtiter-based assay was validated using a small panel of compounds previously reported as having inhibitory activity against DENV infections of cell cultures, including compounds with antiviral activity (ribavirin), inhibitors of cellular signaling pathways (U0126), and polysaccharides that are presumed to interfere with virus attachment (carrageenan). A screen was performed against a collection of 5,632 well-characterized bioactives, including U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Assay control statistics show an average Z' of 0.63, indicative of a robust assay in this cell-based format. Using a threshold of >80% DENV inhibition with <20% cellular cytotoxicity, 79 compounds were initially scored as positive hits. A follow-up screen confirmed 73 compounds with IC₅₀ potencies ranging from 60 nM to 9 μM and yielding a hit rate of 1.3%. Over half of the confirmed hits are known to target transporters, receptors, and protein kinases, providing potential opportunity for drug repurposing to treat DENV infections. In summary, this assay offers the opportunity to screen libraries of chemical compounds, in an effort to identify and develop novel drug candidates against DENV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shum
- HTS Core Facility, Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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