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Ma D, Tian S, Qin Q, Yu Y, Jiao J, Xiong X, Guo Y, Zhang X, Ouyang X. Construction of an inhalable recombinant M2e-FP-expressing Bacillus subtilis spores-based vaccine and evaluation of its protection efficacy against influenza in a mouse model. Vaccine 2023; 41:4402-4413. [PMID: 37308364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a deadly zoonotic pathogen that remains a burden to global health systems despite continuous vaccinations, indicating the need for an improved vaccine strategy. In this work, we constructed a new recombinant influenza vaccine using Bacillus subtilis spores expressing M2e-FP protein (RSM2eFP) and assessed its potency and efficacy in BALB/c mouse immunized via aerosolized intratracheal inoculation (i.t.) or intragastric (i.g.) administration. Immunization via i.t. route conferred 100 % protection against 20 × LD50 A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus compared with only 50 % via the i.g. route. Even when challenged with 40 × LD50 virus, the RSM2eFP vaccine immunized via i.t. provided 80 % protection. Consistently, i.t. inoculation of RSM2eFP spore vaccine induced a stronger lung mucosal immune response and a greater cellular immune response than i.g. administration, as indicated by the high production of IgG and SIgA. In addition, the RSM2eFP spore vaccine diminished the yield of infectious virus in the lung of mice immunized via i.t. These results suggest that i.t. immunization of the RSM2eFP spore vaccine may be a promising strategy for the development of mucosal vaccines against IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20# Nan-Er-Huan-Dong Street, Yuhua, Hebei 050010, China
| | - Qingqing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15(#) Bei-San-Huan-Dong Street, Chaoyang, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xingxiao Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, 186# Hong-Qi-Zhong Street, Zhifu, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuan Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20# Dong-Da-Jie Street, Fengtai, Beijing 100071, China.
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Flagellin-Fused Protein Targeting M2e and HA2 Induces Innate and T-Cell Responses in Mice of Different Genetic Lines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122098. [PMID: 36560509 PMCID: PMC9786633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines. Recombinant proteins incorporating conserved influenza A virus peptides are one of the platforms for the development of cross-protective influenza vaccines. We constructed a recombinant protein Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs, in which the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) and the sequence (aa76-130) of the second subunit of HA (HA2) were used as target antigens. In this study, we investigated the ability of the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein to activate innate immunity and stimulate the formation of T-cell response in mice of different genetic lines after intranasal immunization. Our studies showed that the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein was manifested in an increase in the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, and interstitial macrophages, against the backdrop of a decrease in the level of dendritic cells and increased expression in the CD86 marker. In the lungs of BALB/c mice, immunization with the Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs protein induced the formation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells, producing TNF-α. In mice C57Bl/6, the formation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells, predominantly producing IFN-γ+, was demonstrated. The data obtained showed the formation of CD8+ and CD4+ effector memory T cells expressing the CD107a.
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3
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Calzas C, Mao M, Turpaud M, Viboud Q, Mettier J, Figueroa T, Bessière P, Mangin A, Sedano L, Hervé PL, Volmer R, Ducatez MF, Bourgault S, Archambault D, Le Goffic R, Chevalier C. Immunogenicity and Protective Potential of Mucosal Vaccine Formulations Based on Conserved Epitopes of Influenza A Viruses Fused to an Innovative Ring Nanoplatform in Mice and Chickens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772550. [PMID: 34868036 PMCID: PMC8632632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current inactivated vaccines against influenza A viruses (IAV) mainly induce immune responses against highly variable epitopes across strains and are mostly delivered parenterally, limiting the development of an effective mucosal immunity. In this study, we evaluated the potential of intranasal formulations incorporating conserved IAV epitopes, namely the long alpha helix (LAH) of the stalk domain of hemagglutinin and three tandem repeats of the ectodomain of the matrix protein 2 (3M2e), as universal mucosal anti-IAV vaccines in mice and chickens. The IAV epitopes were grafted to nanorings, a novel platform technology for mucosal vaccination formed by the nucleoprotein (N) of the respiratory syncytial virus, in fusion or not with the C-terminal end of the P97 protein (P97c), a recently identified Toll-like receptor 5 agonist. Fusion of LAH to nanorings boosted the generation of LAH-specific systemic and local antibody responses as well as cellular immunity in mice, whereas the carrier effect of nanorings was less pronounced towards 3M2e. Mice vaccinated with chimeric nanorings bearing IAV epitopes in fusion with P97c presented modest LAH- or M2e-specific IgG titers in serum and were unable to generate a mucosal humoral response. In contrast, N-3M2e or N-LAH nanorings admixed with Montanide™ gel (MG) triggered strong specific humoral responses, composed of serum type 1/type 2 IgG and mucosal IgG and IgA, as well as cellular responses dominated by type 1/type 17 cytokine profiles. All mice vaccinated with the [N-3M2e + N-LAH + MG] formulation survived an H1N1 challenge and the combination of both N-3M2e and N-LAH nanorings with MG enhanced the clinical and/or virological protective potential of the preparation in comparison to individual nanorings. Chickens vaccinated parenterally or mucosally with N-LAH and N-3M2e nanorings admixed with Montanide™ adjuvants developed a specific systemic humoral response, which nonetheless failed to confer protection against heterosubtypic challenge with a highly pathogenic H5N8 strain. Thus, while the combination of N-LAH and N-3M2e nanorings with Montanide™ adjuvants shows promise as a universal mucosal anti-IAV vaccine in the mouse model, further experiments have to be conducted to extend its efficacy to poultry.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Cellular/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/prevention & control
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Protective Agents/administration & dosage
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Calzas
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Molida Mao
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mathilde Turpaud
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Quentin Viboud
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Joelle Mettier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Thomas Figueroa
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Bessière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Mangin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Sedano
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Hervé
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Volmer
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariette F. Ducatez
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR1225), Interactions Hótes-Agents Pathogénes-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (IHAP-ENVT)-University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Steve Bourgault
- Chemistry Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Archambault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Christophe Chevalier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) Molecular and Virology Unit VIM-Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 892, University Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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4
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Sha Z, Shang H, Miao Y, Huang J, Niu X, Chen R, Hu L, Huang H, Wei K, Zhu R. Recombinant Lactococcus Lactis Expressing M1-HA2 Fusion Protein Provides Protective Mucosal Immunity Against H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:153. [PMID: 32266297 PMCID: PMC7105734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
H9N2 subtype low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) is distributed worldwide and causes enormous economic losses in the poultry industry. Despite immunization of almost all chickens with inactivated vaccines, the disease still remains widespread. We speculated that improving mucosal or cellular immune responses could contribute to improved control of H9N2 viruses. In this study, we constructed a novel Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) strain expressing a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the M1 and HA2 proteins derived from an antigenically conserved endemic H9N2 virus strain. The M1-HA2 fusion protein was cloned downstream of a gene encoding a secretory peptide, and we subsequently confirmed that the fusion protein was secreted from L. lactis by Western blotting. We assessed the immunogenicity and protective effects of this recombinant L. lactis strain. Eighty 1-day-old chickens were divided into four groups, and the experimental groups were orally vaccinated twice with the recombinant L. lactis strain. Fecal and intestinal samples, sera, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days post-vaccination (dpv). Chickens vaccinated with the recombinant L. lactis strain showed significantly increased levels of serum antibodies, T cell-mediated immune responses, and mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA). Following challenge with H9N2 virus at 21 dpv, chickens vaccinated with the recombinant L. lactis strain showed decreased weight loss, lower viral titers in the lung, and reduced lung pathological damage. In summary, our results demonstrated that a recombinant L. lactis strain expressing an H9N2 M1-HA2 fusion protein could induce protective mucosal and systemic immunity. This oral vaccine is H9N2 virus-specific and represents a significant design improvement compared with previous studies. Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving mucosal immune responses to prevent and control H9N2 virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Sha
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Hongqi Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yongqiang Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiangyun Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruichang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Liping Hu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Shandong Province, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - He Huang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd, New Hope Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruiliang Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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5
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Tsybalova LM, Stepanova LA, Shuklina MA, Mardanova ES, Kotlyarov RY, Potapchuk MV, Petrov SA, Blokhina EA, Ravin NV. Combination of M2e peptide with stalk HA epitopes of influenza A virus enhances protective properties of recombinant vaccine. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201429. [PMID: 30138320 PMCID: PMC6107133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza infection could be more effectively controlled if a multi-purpose vaccine with the ability to induce responses against most, or all, influenza A subtypes could be generated. Conserved viral proteins are a promising basis for the creation of a broadly protective vaccine. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective properties of three recombinant proteins (vaccine candidates), comprising conserved viral proteins fused with bacterial flagellin, were compared. Methods Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally with recombinant proteins comprising either one viral protein (the ectodomain of the M2 protein, ‘M2e’) or two viral proteins (M2e and the hemagglutinin second subunit ‘HA2’ epitope) genetically fused with flagellin. Further, two different consensus variants of HA2 were used. Therefore, three experimental positives were used in addition to the negative control (Flg-his). The mucosal, humoral, and T-cell immune responses to these constructs were evaluated. Result We have demonstrated that insertion of the HA2 consensus polypeptide (aa 76–130), derived from either the first (HA2-1) or second (HA2-2) virus phylogenetic group, into the recombinant Flg4M2e protein significantly enhanced its immunogenicity and protective properties. Intranasal administration of the vaccine candidates (Flg-HA2-2-4M2e or Flg-HA2-1-4M2e) induced considerable mucosal and systemic responses directed at both the M2e-protein and, in general, the influenza A virus. However, the immune response elicited by the Flg-HA2-1-4M2e protein was weaker than the one generated by Flg-HA2-2-4M2e. These recombinant proteins containing both viral peptides provide complete protection from lethal challenge with various influenza viruses: A/H3N2; A/H2N2; and A/H5N1. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the intranasal administration of Flg-HA2-2-4M2e recombinant protein induces a strong immune response which provides broad protection against various influenza viruses. This construct is therefore a strong candidate for development as a universal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila M. Tsybalova
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Liudmila A. Stepanova
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A. Shuklina
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugenia S. Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Y. Kotlyarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Potapchuk
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Petrov
- Department of Vaccinology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A. Blokhina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai V. Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Stepanova LA, Mardanova ES, Shuklina MA, Blokhina EA, Kotlyarov RY, Potapchuk MV, Kovaleva AA, Vidyaeva IG, Korotkov AV, Eletskaya EI, Ravin NV, Tsybalova LM. Flagellin-fused protein targeting M2e and HA2 induces potent humoral and T-cell responses and protects mice against various influenza viruses a subtypes. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:33. [PMID: 29631629 PMCID: PMC5891888 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current influenza vaccines are mainly strain-specific and have limited efficacy in preventing new, potentially pandemic, influenza strains. Efficient control of influenza A infection can potentially be achieved through the development of broad-spectrum vaccines based on conserved antigens. A current trend in the design of universal flu vaccines is the construction of recombinant proteins based on combinations of various conserved epitopes of viral proteins (M1, M2, HA2, NP). In this study, we compared the immunogenicity and protective action of two recombinant proteins which feature different designs and which target different antigens. RESULTS Balb/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with Flg-HA2-2-4M2ehs or FlgSh-HA2-2-4M2ehs; these constructs differ in the location of hemagglutinin's HA2-2(76-130) insertion into flagellin (FliC). The humoral and T-cell immune responses to these constructs were evaluated. The simultaneous expression of different M2e and HA2-2(76-130) in recombinant protein form induces a strong M2e-specific IgG response and CD4+/ CD8+ T-cell response. The insertion of HA2-2(76-130) into the hypervariable domain of flagellin greatly increases antigen-specific T-cell response, as evidenced by the formation of multi-cytokine-secreting CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, Tem, and Tcm. Both proteins provide full protection from lethal challenge with A/H3N2 and A/H7N9. CONCLUSION Our results show that highly conserved M2e and HA2-2(76-130) can be used as important targets for the development of universal flu vaccines. The location of the HA2-2(76-130) peptide's insertion into the hypervariable domain of flagellin had a significant effect on the T-cell response to influenza antigens, as seen by forming of multi-cytokine-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liudmila A Stepanova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Eugenia S Mardanova
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, building 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A Shuklina
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A Blokhina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, building 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Y Kotlyarov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, building 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Potapchuk
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Kovaleva
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Inna G Vidyaeva
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr V Korotkov
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta I Eletskaya
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, building 2, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Tsybalova
- Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, Prof. Popova str.15/17, 197376, St. Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Huang J, Hilchey SP, Wang J, Gerigan J, Zand MS. IL-15 enhances cross-reactive antibody recall responses to seasonal H3 influenza viruses in vitro. F1000Res 2017; 6:2015. [PMID: 29479423 PMCID: PMC5801566 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12999.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, several human monoclonal antibodies that target conserved epitopes on the stalk region of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) have shown broad reactivity to influenza A subtypes. Also, vaccination with recombinant chimeric HA or stem fragments from H3 influenza viruses induce broad immune protection in mice and humans. However, it is unclear whether stalk-binding antibodies can be induced in human memory B cells by seasonal H3N2 viruses. Methods: In this study, we recruited 13 donors previously exposed to H3 viruses, the majority (12 of 13) of which had been immunized with seasonal influenza vaccines. We evaluated plasma baseline strain-specific and stalk-reactive anti-HA antibodies and B cell recall responses to inactivated H3N2 A/Victoria/361/2011 virus
in vitro using a high throughput multiplex (mPlex-Flu) assay. Results: Stalk-reactive IgG was detected in the plasma of 7 of the subjects. Inactivated H3 viral particles rapidly induced clade cross-reactive antibodies in B cell cultures derived from all 13 donors. In addition, H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in culture supernatants from 7 of the 13 donors (53.8%). H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were also induced by H1 and H7 subtypes. Interestingly, broadly cross-reactive antibody recall responses to H3 strains were also enhanced by stimulating B cells
in vitro with CpG
2006 ODN in the presence of IL-15. H3 stalk-reactive antibodies were detected in CpG
2006 ODN + IL-15 stimulated B cell cultures derived from 12 of the 13 donors (92.3%), with high levels detected in cultures from 7 of the 13 donors. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that stalk-reactive antibody recall responses induced by seasonal H3 viruses and CpG
2006 ODN can be enhanced by IL-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiong Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou, 563099, China
| | - Shannon P Hilchey
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jessica Gerigan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin S Zand
- Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester , NY, 14642, USA
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8
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Yang WT, Yang GL, Yang X, Shonyela SM, Zhao L, Jiang YL, Huang HB, Shi CW, Wang JZ, Wang G, Zhao JH, Wang CF. Recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing HA2 antigen elicits protective immunity against H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8475-8484. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Krammer F. Strategies to induce broadly protective antibody responses to viral glycoproteins. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:503-513. [PMID: 28277797 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1299576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, several universal/broadly protective influenza virus vaccine candidates are under development. Many of these vaccines are based on strategies to induce protective antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins of antigenically and genetically diverse influenza viruses. These strategies might also be applicable to surface glycoproteins of a broad range of other important viral pathogens. Areas covered: Common strategies include sequential vaccination with divergent antigens, multivalent approaches, vaccination with glycan-modified antigens, vaccination with minimal antigens and vaccination with antigens that have centralized/optimized sequences. Here we review these strategies and the underlying concepts. Furthermore, challenges, feasibility and applicability to other viral pathogens are discussed. Expert commentary: Several broadly protective/universal influenza virus vaccine strategies will be tested in humans in the coming years. If successful in terms of safety and immunological readouts, they will move forward into efficacy trials. In the meantime, successful vaccine strategies might also be applied to other antigenically diverse viruses of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Krammer
- a Department of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , NY , USA
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10
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Chowdhury MYE, Kim TH, Uddin MB, Kim JH, Hewawaduge CY, Ferdowshi Z, Sung MH, Kim CJ, Lee JS. Mucosal vaccination of conserved sM2, HA2 and cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) fusion protein with poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs) induces protection against divergent influenza subtypes. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:240-251. [PMID: 28284616 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To develop a safe and effective mucosal vaccine that broad cross protection against seasonal or emerging influenza A viruses, we generated a mucosal influenza vaccine system combining the highly conserved matrix protein-2 (sM2), fusion peptide of hemagglutinin (HA2), the well-known mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs), which are safe, natural materials that are able to target the mucosal membrane as a mucosal adjuvant. The mucosal administration of sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could induce a high degree of systemic immunity (IgG and IgA) at the site of inoculation as well as at remote locations and also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immune response. In challenge tests in BALB/c mice with 10 MLD50 of A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005(H5N2), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W44/2005 (H7N3) or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) viruses, the recombinant sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs provided cross protection against divergent lethal influenza subtypes and also the protection was maintained up to six months after vaccination. Thus, sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could be a promising strategy for a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y E Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet -3100, Bangladesh
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Y Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zannatul Ferdowshi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Bernelin-Cottet C, Deloizy C, Stanek O, Barc C, Bouguyon E, Urien C, Boulesteix O, Pezant J, Richard CA, Moudjou M, Da Costa B, Jouneau L, Chevalier C, Leclerc C, Sebo P, Bertho N, Schwartz-Cornil I. A Universal Influenza Vaccine Can Lead to Disease Exacerbation or Viral Control Depending on Delivery Strategies. Front Immunol 2016; 7:641. [PMID: 28082980 PMCID: PMC5183740 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines, which elicits cross-strain immunity against seasonal and pandemic viruses is a major public health goal. As pigs are susceptible to human, avian, and swine-adapted IAV, they would be key targets of so called universal IAV vaccines, for reducing both the zoonotic risk and the economic burden in the swine industry. They also are relevant preclinical models. However, vaccination with conserved IAV antigens (AGs) in pigs was reported to elicit disease exacerbation. In this study, we assessed whether delivery strategies, i.e., dendritic cell (DC) targeting by the intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) routes, impact on the outcome of the vaccination with three conserved IAV AGs (M2e, NP, and HA2) in pigs. The AGs were addressed to CD11c by non-covalent binding to biotinylated anti-CD11c monoclonal antibody. The CD11c-targeted AGs given by the ID route exacerbated disease. Conversely, CD11c-targeted NP injected by the IM route promoted T cell response compared to non-targeted NP. Furthermore, the conserved IAV AGs injected by the IM route, independently of DC targeting, induced both a reduction of viral shedding and a broader IgG response as compared to the ID route. Our findings highlight in a relevant animal species that the route of vaccine delivery impacts on the protection induced by conserved IAV AGs and on vaccine adverse effects. Finally, our results indicate that HA2 stands as the most promising conserved IAV AG for universal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ondrej Stanek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Céline Barc
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE , Nouzilly , France
| | | | - Céline Urien
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Olivier Boulesteix
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE , Nouzilly , France
| | - Jérémy Pezant
- INRA, UE1277, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, PFIE , Nouzilly , France
| | | | | | - Bruno Da Costa
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | | | - Claude Leclerc
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; INSERM U1041, Unité de Régulation Immunitaire et Vaccinologie, Département Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Nicolas Bertho
- VIM-INRA-Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
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12
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Cox F, Juraszek J, Stoop EJM, Goudsmit J. Universal influenza vaccine design: directing the antibody repertoire. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Influenza infections are responsible for a large health and economic burden. Vaccination is the best strategy to reduce influenza-related disease burden, but current vaccines have limited breadth and need near-annual reformulation. Developing new influenza vaccines that provide broad and long-lasting protection is an important goal. This review represents an overview of the current knowledge of the universal vaccine approach that focuses on the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza viruses. Adjuvation of existing influenza vaccines has so far had limited effect on the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies. HA stem-based immunogens that lack the immunodominant HA head have shown promising results in preclinical models, providing evidence that a universal influenza vaccine is within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Cox
- Infectious Diseases & Vaccines Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research & Development, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther JM Stoop
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Goudsmit
- Janssen Prevention Center, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Archimedesweg 4-6, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Lu IN, Farinelle S, Sausy A, Muller CP. Identification of a CD4 T-cell epitope in the hemagglutinin stalk domain of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and its antigen-driven TCR usage signature in BALB/c mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:511-520. [PMID: 27157498 PMCID: PMC5518815 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The stalk region of the influenza virus hemagglutinin is relatively well conserved compared with the globular head domain, which makes it a potential target for use as a universal vaccine against influenza. However, the role of CD4 T cells in the hemagglutinin stalk-specific immune response is not clear. Here we identified a mouse CD4 T-cell epitope that encompasses residues HA2113-131 from the hemagglutinin stalk domain after a sub-lethal infection of influenza. In response to stimulation with the identified epitope, splenocytes derived from the infected mice showed significant polyfunctionality as shown by IL-2, TNF-α and IFN-γ production as well as degranulation. Moreover, mice immunized with the peptide corresponding to this CD4 T-cell epitope exhibited interindividual sharing of the CD4 T-cell receptor β sequences, and they had a higher survival rate following a challenge with a lethal dose of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. Thus, our data demonstrated a crucial role of hemagglutinin stalk-specific CD4 T cells in the host immune response against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Na Lu
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Sophie Farinelle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Sausy
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Claude P Muller
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette L-4354, Luxembourg
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14
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Noh HJ, Chowdhury MYE, Cho S, Kim JH, Park HS, Kim CJ, Poo H, Sung MH, Lee JS, Lim YT. Programming of Influenza Vaccine Broadness and Persistence by Mucoadhesive Polymer-Based Adjuvant Systems. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of an anti-influenza vaccine with the potential for cross-protection against seasonal drift variants as well as occasionally emerging reassortant viruses is essential. In this study, we successfully generated a novel anti-influenza vaccine system combining conserved matrix protein 2 (sM2) and stalk domain of hemagglutinin (HA2) fusion protein (sM2HA2) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-based vaccine adjuvant systems that can act as a mucoadhesive delivery vehicle of sM2HA2 as well as a robust strategy for the incorporation of hydrophobic immunostimulatory 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS21. Intranasal coadministration of sM2HA2 and the combination adjuvant γ-PGA/MPL/QS21 (CA-PMQ) was able to induce a high degree of protective mucosal, systemic, and cell-mediated immune responses. The sM2HA2/CA-PMQ immunization was able to prevent disease symptoms, confering complete protection against lethal infection with divergent influenza subtypes (H5N1, H1N1, H5N2, H7N3, and H9N2) that lasted for at least 6 mo. Therefore, our data suggest that mucosal administration of sM2HA2 in combination with CA-PMQ could be a potent strategy for a broad cross-protective influenza vaccine, and CA-PMQ as a mucosal adjuvant could be used for effective mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jong Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Mohammed Y E Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Seonghun Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk 363-883, South Korea
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea; and
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, South Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea;
| | - Yong Taik Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Suwon 440-746, South Korea;
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15
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Wang J, Hilchey SP, Hyrien O, Huertas N, Perry S, Ramanunninair M, Bucher D, Zand MS. Multi-Dimensional Measurement of Antibody-Mediated Heterosubtypic Immunity to Influenza. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129858. [PMID: 26103163 PMCID: PMC4478018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immune response to influenza vaccination depends in part on preexisting cross-reactive (heterosubtypic) immunity from previous infection by, and/or vaccination with, influenza strains that share antigenic determinants with the vaccine strains. However, current methods for assessing heterosubtypic antibody responses against influenza, including the hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assay and ELISA, are time and labor intensive, and require moderate amounts of serum and reagents. To address these issues we have developed a fluorescent multiplex assay, mPlex-Flu, that rapidly and simultaneously measures strain specific IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against influenza hemagglutinin (HA) from multiple viral strains. We cloned, expressed and purified HA proteins from 12 influenza strains, and coupled them to multiplex beads. Assay validation showed that minimal sample volumes (<5 μl of serum) were needed, and the assay had a linear response over a four Log10 range. The assay detected nanogram levels of anti-influenza specific antibodies, had high accuracy and reproducibility, with an average percentage coefficient of variation (%CV) of 9.06 for intra-assay and 12.94 for inter-assay variability. Pre- and post-intramuscular trivalent influenza vaccination levels of virus specific Ig were consistent with HAI titer and ELISA measurements. A significant advantage of the mPLEX-Flu assay over the HAI assay is the ability to perform antigenic cartography, determining the antigenic distances between influenza HA’s, without mathematical correction for HAI data issues. For validation we performed antigenic cartography on 14 different post-influenza infection ferret sera assayed against 12 different influenza HA’s. Results were in good agreement with a phylogenetic tree generated from hierarchical clustering of the genomic HA sequences. This is the first report of the use of a multiplex method for antigenic cartography using ferret sera. Overall, the mPlex-Flu assay provides a powerful tool to rapidly assess the influenza antibody repertoire in large populations and to study heterosubtypic immunity induced by influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Rochester Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shannon P. Hilchey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Rochester Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Nelson Huertas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Rochester Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sheldon Perry
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Rochester Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Manojkumar Ramanunninair
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Doris Bucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin S. Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and the Rochester Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Rochester Center for Health Informatics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Abstract
Influenza virus infections are a major public health concern and cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current influenza virus vaccines are an effective countermeasure against infection but need to be reformulated almost every year owing to antigenic drift. Furthermore, these vaccines do not protect against novel pandemic strains, and the timely production of pandemic vaccines remains problematic because of the limitations of current technology. Several improvements have been made recently to enhance immune protection induced by seasonal and pandemic vaccines, and to speed up production in case of a pandemic. Importantly, vaccine constructs that induce broad or even universal influenza virus protection are currently in preclinical and clinical development.
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17
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Prospects of HA-based universal influenza vaccine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:414637. [PMID: 25785268 PMCID: PMC4345066 DOI: 10.1155/2015/414637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines afford substantial protection in humans by inducing strain-specific neutralizing antibodies (Abs). Most of these Abs target highly variable immunodominant epitopes in the globular domain of the viral hemagglutinin (HA). Therefore, current vaccines may not be able to induce heterosubtypic immunity against the divergent influenza subtypes. The identification of broadly neutralizing Abs (BnAbs) against influenza HA using recent technological advancements in antibody libraries, hybridoma, and isolation of single Ab-secreting plasma cells has increased the interest in developing a universal influenza vaccine as it could provide life-long protection. While these BnAbs can serve as a source for passive immunotherapy, their identification represents an important step towards the design of such a universal vaccine. This review describes the recent advances and approaches used in the development of universal influenza vaccine based on highly conserved HA regions identified by BnAbs.
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18
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To KKW, Zhang AJX, Chan ASF, Li C, Cai JP, Lau CCY, Li CG, Jahan AS, Wu WL, Li L, Tsang AKL, Chan KH, Chen H, Yuen KY. Recombinant influenza A virus hemagglutinin HA2 subunit protects mice against influenza A(H7N9) virus infection. Arch Virol 2015; 160:777-86. [PMID: 25616843 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has emerged to infect humans in eastern China since 2013. An effective vaccine is needed because of the high mortality despite antiviral treatment and intensive care. We sought to develop an effective vaccine for A(H7N9) virus. The HA2 subunit was chosen as the vaccine antigen because it is highly conserved among the human A(H7N9) virus strains. Moreover, in silico analysis predicted two immunogenic regions within the HA2 subunit that may contain potential human B-cell epitopes. The HA2 fragment was readily expressed in Escherichia coli. In BALB/c mice, intraperitoneal immunization with two doses of HA2 with imiquimod (2-dose-imiquimod) elicited the highest geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-HA2 IgG (12699), which was greater than that of two doses of HA2 without imiquimod (2-dose-no-adjuvant) (6350), one dose of HA2 with imiquimod (1-dose-imiquimod) (2000) and one dose of HA2 without imiquimod (1-dose-no-adjuvant) (794). The titer of anti-HA2 IgG was significantly higher in the 1-dose-imiquimod group than the 1-dose-no-adjuvant group. Although both hemagglutination inhibition titers and microneutralization titers were below 10, serum from immunized mice showed neutralizing activity in a fluorescent focus microneutralization assay. In a viral challenge experiment, the 2-dose-imiquimod group had the best survival rate (100 %), followed by the 2-dose-no-adjuvant group (90 %), the 1-dose-imiquimod group (70 %) and the 1-dose-no-adjuvant group (40 %). The 2-dose-imiquimod group also had significantly lower mean pulmonary viral loads than the 1-dose-imiquimod, 1-dose-no-adjuvant and non-immunized groups. This recombinant A(H7N9)-HA2 vaccine should be investigated as a complement to egg- or cell-based live attenuated or subunit influenza vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Aminoquinolines/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Imiquimod
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Sebo P, Osicka R, Masin J. Adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin relevance for pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1215-27. [PMID: 25090574 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.944900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (ACT, AC-Hly or CyaA) is a key virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis. It targets bactericidal activities of phagocytes, such as oxidative burst and complement- or antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Through cAMP signaling, CyaA also skews TLR-triggered maturation of dendritic cells, inhibiting proinflammatory IL-12 and TNF-α secretion and enhancing IL-10 production and Treg expansion, likely hampering induction of adaptive immune responses to Bordetella infections. Non-enzymatic CyaA toxoid is a potent protective antigen and adjuvant that boosts immunogenicity of co-administered B. pertussis antigens and improves potency of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in mice. This makes CyaA a prime antigen candidate for inclusion into a next generation of aP vaccines. Moreover, recombinant CyaA toxoids were recently shown to be safe in humans in frame of Phase I clinical evaluation of a CyaA-based immunotherapeutic vaccine that induces Th1-polarized CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses targeting cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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20
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Particle conformation regulates antibody access to a conserved GII.4 norovirus blockade epitope. J Virol 2014; 88:8826-42. [PMID: 24872579 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01192-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED GII.4 noroviruses (NoVs) are the primary cause of epidemic viral acute gastroenteritis. One primary obstacle to successful NoV vaccination is the extensive degree of antigenic diversity among strains. The major capsid protein of GII.4 strains is evolving rapidly, resulting in the emergence of new strains with altered blockade epitopes. In addition to characterizing these evolving blockade epitopes, we have identified monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize a blockade epitope conserved across time-ordered GII.4 strains. Uniquely, the blockade potencies of MAbs that recognize the conserved GII.4 blockade epitope were temperature sensitive, suggesting that particle conformation may regulate functional access to conserved blockade non-surface-exposed epitopes. To map conformation-regulating motifs, we used bioinformatics tools to predict conserved motifs within the protruding domain of the capsid and designed mutant VLPs to test the impacts of substitutions in these motifs on antibody cross-GII.4 blockade. Charge substitutions at residues 310, 316, 484, and 493 impacted the blockade potential of cross-GII.4 blockade MAbs with minimal impact on the blockade of MAbs targeting other, separately evolving blockade epitopes. Specifically, residue 310 modulated antibody blockade temperature sensitivity in the tested strains. These data suggest access to the conserved GII.4 blockade antibody epitope is regulated by particle conformation, temperature, and amino acid residues positioned outside the antibody binding site. The regulating motif is under limited selective pressure by the host immune response and may provide a robust target for broadly reactive NoV therapeutics and protective vaccines. IMPORTANCE In this study, we explored the factors that govern norovirus (NoV) cross-strain antibody blockade. We found that access to the conserved GII.4 blockade epitope is regulated by temperature and distal residues outside the antibody binding site. These data are most consistent with a model of NoV particle conformation plasticity that regulates antibody binding to a distally conserved blockade epitope. Further, antibody "locking" of the particle into an epitope-accessible conformation prevents ligand binding, providing a potential target for broadly effective drugs. These observations open lines of inquiry into the mechanisms of human NoV entry and uncoating, fundamental biological questions that are currently unanswerable for these noncultivatable pathogens.
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Protective immunity based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain and its prospects for universal influenza vaccine development. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:546274. [PMID: 24982895 PMCID: PMC4055638 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is an excellent and chief target that elicits neutralizing antibodies during vaccination or natural infection. Its HA2 subunit (stem domain) is most conserved as compared to HA1 subunit (globular head domain). Current influenza vaccine relies on globular head domain that provides protection only against the homologous vaccine strains, rarely provides cross-protection against divergent strains, and needs to be updated annually. There is an urge for a truly universal vaccine that provides broad cross-protection against different subtype influenza A viruses along with influenza B viruses and need not be updated annually. Antibodies against the stem domain of hemagglutinin (HA) are able to neutralize a wide spectrum of influenza virus strains and subtypes. These stem-specific antibodies have great potential for the development of universal vaccine against influenza viruses. In this review, we have discussed the stem-specific cross-reactive antibodies and heterosubtypic protection provided by them. We have also discussed their epitope-based DNA vaccine and their future prospects in this scenario.
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The highly conserved HA2 protein of the influenza a virus induces a cross protective immune response. J Virol Methods 2013; 194:280-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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