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Sze DTT, Lau CCY, Chan TM, Ma ESK, Tang BSF. Comparison of novel rapid diagnostic of blood culture identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Accelerate Pheno system and BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification and BioFire FilmArray Blood Culture Identification 2 panels. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:350. [PMID: 34922463 PMCID: PMC8684256 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Conventional turnaround time (TAT) for positive blood culture (PBC) identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is 2–3 days. We evaluated the TAT and ID/AST performance using clinical and seeded samples directly from PBC bottles with different commercial approaches: (1) Accelerate Pheno® system (Pheno) for ID/AST; (2) BioFire® FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel and/ or BCID2 for ID; (3) direct AST by VITEK® 2 (direct AST); and (4) overnight culture using VITEK® 2 colony AST. Results
A total of 141 PBC samples were included in this evaluation. Using MALDI-TOF (Bruker MALDI Biotyper) as the reference method for ID, the overall monomicrobial ID sensitivity/specificity are as follows: Pheno 97.9/99.9%; BCID 100/100%; and BCID2 100/100%, respectively. For AST performance, broth microdilution (BMD) was used as the reference method. For gram-negatives, overall categorical and essential agreements (CA/EA) for each method were: Pheno 90.3/93.2%; direct AST 92.6/88.5%; colony AST 94.4/89.5%, respectively. For gram-positives, the overall CA/EAs were as follows: Pheno 97.2/98.89%; direct AST 97.2/100%; colony AST 97.2/100%, respectively. The BCID/BCID2 and direct AST TATs were around 9–20 h (1/9-19 h for ID with resistance markers/AST), with 15 min/sample hands-on time. In comparison, Pheno TATs were around 8–10 h (1.5/7 h for ID/AST) with 2 min/sample hands-on time, maintains a clinically relevant fast report of antibiotic minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and allows for less TAT and hands-on time. Conclusion In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted as such in Asia; all studied approaches achieved satisfactory performance, factors such as TAT, panel of antibiotics choices and hands-on time should be considered for the selection of appropriate rapid ID and AST of PBC methods in different laboratory settings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02403-y.
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Tung ETK, Au-Yeung RKH, Cai JP, Chong KTK, Sze KH, Kao RY, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Mp1p homologues as virulence factors in Aspergillus fumigatus. Med Mycol 2019; 56:350-360. [PMID: 28992243 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed that Mp1p is an important virulence factor of Talaromyces marneffei, a dimorphic fungus phylogenetically closely related to Aspergillus fumigatus. In this study, we investigated the virulence properties of the four Mp1p homologues (Afmp1p, Afmp2p, Afmp3p, and Afmp4p) in A. fumigatus using a mouse model. All mice died 7 days after challenge with wild-type A. fumigatus QC5096, AFMP1 knockdown mutant, AFMP2 knockdown mutant and AFMP3 knockdown mutant and 28 days after challenge with AFMP4 knockdown mutant (P<.0001). Only 11% of mice died 30 days after challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.0001). For mice challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant, lower abundance of fungal elements was observed in brains, kidneys, and spleens compared to mice challenge with QC5096 at day 4 post-infection. Fungal counts in brains of mice challenge with QC5096 or AFMP4 knockdown mutant were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.01 and P<.05). Fungal counts in kidneys of mice challenge with QC5096 or AFMP4 knockdown mutant were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant (P<.001 and P<.001) and those of mice challenge with QC5096 were significantly higher than those challenge with AFMP4 knockdown mutant (P<.05). There is no difference among the survival rates of wild-type A. fumigatus, AFMP4 knockdown mutant and AFMP1-4 knockdown mutant, suggesting that Mp1p homologues in A. fumigatus do not mediate its virulence via improving its survival in macrophage as in the case in T. marneffei. Afmp1p, Afmp2p, Afmp3p, and Afmp4p in combination are important virulence factors of A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edward T K Tung
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rex K H Au-Yeung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong -Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Pao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ken T K Chong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kong Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Y Kao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Teng JLL, Martelli P, Chan WM, Lee HH, Hui SW, Lau CCY, Tse H, Yuen KY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Two novel noroviruses and a novel norovirus genogroup in California sea lions. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:777-782. [PMID: 29722646 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two novel noroviruses (NoVs) were discovered from faecal samples from California sea lions from an oceanarium in Hong Kong, and named California sea lion NoV 1 (Csl/NoV1) and California sea lion NoV 2 (Csl/NoV2). Whole-genome sequencing showed that the genome organization and amino acid motifs of both Csl/NoV1 and Csl/NoV2 were typical of those of other NoVs in their open reading frames (ORFs). Csl/NoV1 possessed only 52.6-52.8 % amino acid identity in VP1 to the closest matches in genogroup GII. Therefore, Csl/NoV1 should constitute a novel genogroup of NoV. Shifting of the phylogenetic position of Csl/NoV1 in the RdRp, VP1 and VP2 trees was observed, which may have been due to recombination events and/or biased mutations. Csl/NoV2 possessed 55.4-56.2 % amino acid identity in VP1 to its closest relatives in genogroup GVI, which means that it represents a new genotype in genogroup GVI. Further studies will reveal what diseases these NoVs can cause in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade L L Teng
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hwei Huih Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Herman Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong SAR
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong SAR
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong SAR
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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4
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Woo PCY, Teng JLL, Bai R, Wong AYP, Martelli P, Hui SW, Tsang AKL, Lau CCY, Ahmed SS, Yip CCY, Choi GKY, Li KSM, Lam CSF, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. High Diversity of Genogroup I Picobirnaviruses in Mammals. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1886. [PMID: 27933049 PMCID: PMC5120130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a molecular epidemiology study using 791 fecal samples collected from different terrestrial and marine mammals in Hong Kong, genogroup I picobirnaviruses (PBVs) were positive by RT-PCR targeting the partial RdRp gene in specimens from five cattle, six monkeys, 17 horses, nine pigs, one rabbit, one dog, and 12 California sea lions, with 11, 9, 23, 17, 1, 1, and 15 sequence types in the positive specimens from the corresponding animals, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PBV sequences from each kind of animal were widely distributed in the whole tree with high diversity, sharing 47.4–89.0% nucleotide identities with other genogroup I PBV strains based on the partial RdRp gene. Nine complete segment 1 (viral loads 1.7 × 104 to 5.9 × 106/ml) and 15 segment 2 (viral loads 4.1 × 103 to 1.3 × 106/ml) of otarine PBVs from fecal samples serially collected from California sea lions were sequenced. In the two phylogenetic trees constructed using ORF2 and ORF3 of segment 1, the nine segment 1 sequences were clustered into four distinct clades (C1–C4). In the tree constructed using RdRp gene of segment 2, the 15 segment 2 sequences were clustered into nine distinct clades (R1–R9). In four sea lions, PBVs were detected in two different years, with the same segment 1 clade (C3) present in two consecutive years from one sea lion and different clades present in different years from three sea lions. A high diversity of PBVs was observed in a variety of terrestrial and marine mammals. Multiple sequence types with significant differences, representing multiple strains of PBV, were present in the majority of PBV-positive samples from different kinds of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Jade L L Teng
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Ru Bai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Annette Y P Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Alan K L Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Syed S Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Cyril C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Garnet K Y Choi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S F Lam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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5
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Tung ETK, Chong KTK, Yang F, Zhang H, Lo RKC, Cai JP, Au-Yeung RKH, Ng WF, Tse H, Wong SSY, Xu S, Lam WH, Tse MK, Sze KH, Kao RY, Reiner NE, Hao Q, Yuen KY. Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor in Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004907. [PMID: 27560160 PMCID: PMC4999278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talaromyces marneffei is an opportunistic dimorphic fungus prevalent in Southeast Asia. We previously demonstrated that Mp1p is an immunogenic surface and secretory mannoprotein of T. marneffei. Since Mp1p is a surface protein that can generate protective immunity, we hypothesized that Mp1p and/or its homologs are virulence factors. Methodology/Principal Findings We examined the pathogenic roles of Mp1p and its homologs in a mouse model. All mice died 21 and 30 days after challenge with wild-type T. marneffei PM1 and MP1 complemented mutant respectively. None of the mice died 60 days after challenge with MP1 knockout mutant (P<0.0001). Seventy percent of mice died 60 days after challenge with MP1 knockdown mutant (P<0.0001). All mice died after challenge with MPLP1 to MPLP13 knockdown mutants, suggesting that only Mp1p plays a significant role in virulence. The mean fungal loads of PM1 and MP1 complemented mutant in the liver, lung, kidney and spleen were significantly higher than those of the MP1 knockout mutant. Similarly, the mean load of PM1 in the liver, lung and spleen were significantly higher than that of the MP1 knockdown mutant. Histopathological studies showed an abundance of yeast in the kidney, spleen, liver and lung with more marked hepatic and splenic necrosis in mice challenged with PM1 compared to MP1 knockout and MP1 knockdown mutants. Likewise, a higher abundance of yeast was observed in the liver and spleen of mice challenged with MP1 complemented mutant compared to MP1 knockout mutant. PM1 and MP1 complemented mutant survived significantly better than MP1 knockout mutant in macrophages at 48 hours (P<0.01) post-infection. The mean fungal counts of Pichia pastoris GS115-MP1 in the liver (P<0.001) and spleen (P<0.05) of mice were significantly higher than those of GS115 at 24 hours post-challenge. Conclusions/Significance Mp1p is a key virulence factor of T. marneffei. Mp1p mediates virulence by improving the survival of T. marneffei in macrophages. Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei is an opportunistic thermal dimorphic fungus most prevalent in Southeast Asia. Our team has previously shown that Mp1p, a protein encoded by the MP1 gene, is an immunogenic surface and secretory protein of T. marneffei. In this study, we showed that mice challenged with T. marneffei with the MP1 gene died but those challenged with T. marneffei without the MP1 gene did not die. There was also significantly higher fungal load and more necrosis in organs of mice challenged with T. marneffei with the MP1 gene than T. marneffei without the MP1 gene. Furthermore, T. marneffei with the MP1 gene survived better in macrophages than T. marneffei without the MP1 gene and Pichia pastoris with the MP1 gene survived in mice better than P. pastoris without the MP1 gene. Our data support that Mp1p is a key virulence factor of T. marneffei and Mp1p mediates virulence by improving the survival of T. marneffei in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K. P. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Candy C. Y. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ken T. K. Chong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond K. C. Lo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian-Pao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wing-Fung Ng
- Department of Pathology, United Christian Hospital and Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Herman Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samson S. Y. Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Hei Lam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kong Hung Sze
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard Y. Kao
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Neil E. Reiner
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Fan RYY, Lau CCY, Wong EYM, Joseph S, Tsang AKL, Wernery R, Yip CCY, Tsang CC, Wernery U, Yuen KY. Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050691. [PMID: 27164099 PMCID: PMC4881517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus UAE-HKU23 (DcCoV UAE-HKU23) from dromedaries in the Middle East. In this study, DcCoV UAE-HKU23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using HRT-18G cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. Northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct RNA species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mRNAs and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence motifs as 5′-UCUAAAC-3′ as we predicted previously. Antibodies against DcCoV UAE-HKU23 were detected in 58 (98.3%) and 59 (100%) of the 59 dromedary sera by immunofluorescence and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. There was significant correlation between the antibody titers determined by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays (Pearson coefficient = 0.525, p < 0.0001). Immunization of mice using recombinant N proteins of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), respectively, and heat-inactivated DcCoV UAE-HKU23 showed minimal cross-antigenicity between DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and MERS-CoV by Western blot and neutralization antibody assays. Codon usage and genetic distance analysis of RdRp, S and N genes showed that the 14 strains of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 formed a distinct cluster, separated from those of other closely related members of Betacoronavirus 1, including alpaca CoV, confirming that DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is a novel member of Betacoronavirus 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Emily Y M Wong
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Alan K L Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Cyril C Y Yip
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Chi-Ching Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Department of Microbiology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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To KKW, Lau CCY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Chan JFW, Chan KH, Zhang AJX, Chen H, Yuen KY. Human H7N9 virus induces a more pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine but an attenuated interferon response in human bronchial epithelial cells when compared with an epidemiologically-linked chicken H7N9 virus. Virol J 2016; 13:42. [PMID: 26975414 PMCID: PMC4791762 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0498-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza virus H7N9 has jumped species barrier, causing sporadic human infections since 2013. We have previously isolated an H7N9 virus from a patient, and an H7N9 virus from a chicken in a live poultry market where the patient visited during the incubation period. These two viruses were genetically highly similar. This study sought to use a human bronchial epithelial cell line model to infer the virulence of these H7N9 viruses in humans. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cell line Calu-3 was infected with two H7N9 viruses (human H7N9-HU and chicken H7N9-CK), a human H5N1 virus and a human 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. The infected cell lysate was collected at different time points post-infection for the determination of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and interleukin 6 [IL-6]), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 [IL-10] and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]), chemokines (interleukin 8 [IL-8] and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1]), and interferons (interferon β [IFN-β] and interferon lambda 1 [IFNL1]). The viral load in the cell lysate was also measured. Results Comparison of the human and chicken H7N9 viruses showed that H7N9-HU induced significantly higher levels of TNF-α at 12 h post-infection, and significantly higher levels of IL-8 from 12 to 48 h post-infection than those of H7N9-CK. However, the level of IFNL1 was lower for H7N9-HU than that of H7N9-CK at 48 h post-infection (P < 0.001). H7N9-HU had significantly higher viral loads than H7N9-CK at 3 and 6 h post-infection. H5N1 induced significantly higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 than those of H7N9 viruses at 48 h post-infection. Conversely, H1N1 induced lower levels of TNF-α, IL-10, MCP-1, IFNL1 and IFN-β when compared with H7N9 viruses at the same time point. Conclusions H7N9-HU induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 and exhibited a more rapid viral replication than H7N9-CK. However, the level of antiviral IFNL1 was lower for H7N9-HU than H7N9-CK. Our results suggest that the gained properties in modulating human innate immunity by H7N9-HU transformed it to be a more virulent virus in humans than H7N9-CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna J X Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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8
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Lee KC, Tam EWT, Lo KC, Tsang AKL, Lau CCY, To KKW, Chan JFW, Lam CW, Yuen KY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Specific Novel Tetrapeptide and Potential Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites in Pathogenic Aspergillus species. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13850-67. [PMID: 26090713 PMCID: PMC4490527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections related to Aspergillus species have emerged to become an important focus in infectious diseases, as a result of the increasing use of immunosuppressive agents and high fatality associated with invasive aspergillosis. However, laboratory diagnosis of Aspergillus infections remains difficult. In this study, by comparing the metabolomic profiles of the culture supernatants of 30 strains of six pathogenic Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. nomius and A. tamarii) and 31 strains of 10 non-Aspergillus fungi, eight compounds present in all strains of the six Aspergillus species but not in any strain of the non-Aspergillus fungi were observed. One of the eight compounds, Leu–Glu–Leu–Glu, is a novel tetrapeptide and represents the first linear tetrapeptide observed in Aspergillus species, which we propose to be named aspergitide. Two other closely related Aspergillus-specific compounds, hydroxy-(sulfooxy)benzoic acid and (sulfooxy)benzoic acid, may possess anti-inflammatory properties, as 2-(sulfooxy)benzoic acid possesses a structure similar to those of aspirin [2-(acetoxy)benzoic acid] and salicylic acid (2-hydroxybenzoic acid). Further studies to examine the potentials of these Aspergillus-specific compounds for laboratory diagnosis of aspergillosis are warranted and further experiments will reveal whether Leu–Glu–Leu–Glu, hydroxy-(sulfooxy)benzoic acid and (sulfooxy)benzoic acid are virulent factors of the pathogenic Aspergillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Emily W T Tam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Ka-Ching Lo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Alan K L Tsang
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Kelvin K W To
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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9
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Lau SKP, Lam CW, Curreem SOT, Lee KC, Chow WN, Lau CCY, Sridhar S, Wong SCY, Martelli P, Hui SW, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Metabolomic profiling of Burkholderia pseudomallei using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS reveals specific biomarkers including 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol and unique thiamine degradation pathway. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:26. [PMID: 26097677 PMCID: PMC4475313 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging pathogen that causes melioidosis, a serious and potentially fatal disease which requires prolonged antibiotics to prevent relapse. However, diagnosis of melioidosis can be difficult, especially in culture-negative cases. While metabolomics represents an uprising tool for studying infectious diseases, there were no reports on its applications to B. pseudomallei. To search for potential specific biomarkers, we compared the metabolomics profiles of culture supernatants of B. pseudomallei (15 strains), B. thailandensis (3 strains), B. cepacia complex (14 strains), P. aeruginosa (4 strains) and E. coli (3 strains), using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS). Multi- and univariate analyses were used to identify specific metabolites in B. pseudomallei. RESULTS Principal component and partial-least squares discrimination analysis readily distinguished the metabolomes between B. pseudomallei and other bacterial species. Using multi-variate and univariate analysis, eight metabolites with significantly higher levels in B. pseudomallei were identified. Three of the eight metabolites were identified by MS/MS, while five metabolites were unidentified against database matching, suggesting that they may be potentially novel compounds. One metabolite, m/z 144.048, was identified as 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, a degradation product of thiamine (vitamin B1), with molecular formula C6H9NOS by database searches and confirmed by MS/MS using commercially available authentic chemical standard. Two metabolites, m/z 512.282 and m/z 542.2921, were identified as tetrapeptides, Ile-His-Lys-Asp with molecular formula C22H37N7O7 and Pro-Arg-Arg-Asn with molecular formula C21H39N11O6, respectively. To investigate the high levels of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol in B. pseudomallei, we compared the thiamine degradation pathways encoded in genomes of B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis. While both B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis possess thiaminase I which catalyzes degradation of thiamine to 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, thiM, which encodes hydroxyethylthiazole kinase responsible for degradation of 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, is present and expressed in B. thailandensis as detected by PCR/RT-PCR, but absent or not expressed in all B. pseudomallei strains. This suggests that the high 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol level in B. pseudomallei is likely due to the absence of hydroxyethylthiazole kinase and hence reduced downstream degradation. CONCLUSION Eight novel biomarkers, including 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol and two tetrapeptides, were identified in the culture supernatant of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 423, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Shirly O T Curreem
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Sally C Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Suk-Wai Hui
- Ocean Park Corporation, Aqua City, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 423, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Room 423, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
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10
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To KKW, Zhang AJX, Chan ASF, Li C, Cai JP, Lau CCY, Li CG, Jahan AS, Wu WL, Li L, Tsang AKL, Chan KH, Chen H, Yuen KY. Recombinant influenza A virus hemagglutinin HA2 subunit protects mice against influenza A(H7N9) virus infection. Arch Virol 2015; 160:777-86. [PMID: 25616843 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has emerged to infect humans in eastern China since 2013. An effective vaccine is needed because of the high mortality despite antiviral treatment and intensive care. We sought to develop an effective vaccine for A(H7N9) virus. The HA2 subunit was chosen as the vaccine antigen because it is highly conserved among the human A(H7N9) virus strains. Moreover, in silico analysis predicted two immunogenic regions within the HA2 subunit that may contain potential human B-cell epitopes. The HA2 fragment was readily expressed in Escherichia coli. In BALB/c mice, intraperitoneal immunization with two doses of HA2 with imiquimod (2-dose-imiquimod) elicited the highest geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-HA2 IgG (12699), which was greater than that of two doses of HA2 without imiquimod (2-dose-no-adjuvant) (6350), one dose of HA2 with imiquimod (1-dose-imiquimod) (2000) and one dose of HA2 without imiquimod (1-dose-no-adjuvant) (794). The titer of anti-HA2 IgG was significantly higher in the 1-dose-imiquimod group than the 1-dose-no-adjuvant group. Although both hemagglutination inhibition titers and microneutralization titers were below 10, serum from immunized mice showed neutralizing activity in a fluorescent focus microneutralization assay. In a viral challenge experiment, the 2-dose-imiquimod group had the best survival rate (100 %), followed by the 2-dose-no-adjuvant group (90 %), the 1-dose-imiquimod group (70 %) and the 1-dose-no-adjuvant group (40 %). The 2-dose-imiquimod group also had significantly lower mean pulmonary viral loads than the 1-dose-imiquimod, 1-dose-no-adjuvant and non-immunized groups. This recombinant A(H7N9)-HA2 vaccine should be investigated as a complement to egg- or cell-based live attenuated or subunit influenza vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Aminoquinolines/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Imiquimod
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Protein Subunits/genetics
- Protein Subunits/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Lau SKP, Lam CW, Curreem SOT, Lee KC, Lau CCY, Chow WN, Ngan AHY, To KKW, Chan JFW, Hung IFN, Yam WC, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Identification of specific metabolites in culture supernatant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using metabolomics: exploration of potential biomarkers. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e6. [PMID: 26038762 PMCID: PMC4317673 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Although previous studies have reported the use of metabolomics for Mycobacterium species differentiation, little is known about the potential of extracellular metabolites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as specific biomarkers. Using an optimized ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time of flight-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) platform, we characterized the extracellular metabolomes of culture supernatant of nine MTB strains and nine non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) strains (four M. avium complex, one M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), one M. chelonae, one M. fortuitum and two M. kansasii). Principal component analysis readily distinguished the metabolomes between MTB and NTM. Using multivariate and univariate analysis, 24 metabolites with significantly higher levels in MTB were identified. While seven metabolites were identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), the other 17 metabolites were unidentified by MS/MS against database matching, suggesting that they may be potentially novel compounds. One metabolite was identified as dexpanthenol, the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), which was not known to be produced by bacteria previously. Four metabolites were identified as 1-tuberculosinyladenosine (1-TbAd), a product of the virulence-associated enzyme Rv3378c, and three previously undescribed derivatives of 1-TbAd. Two derivatives differ from 1-TbAd by the ribose group of the nucleoside while the other likely differs by the base. The remaining two metabolites were identified as a tetrapeptide, Val-His-Glu-His, and a monoacylglycerophosphoglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) (16∶0/0∶0), respectively. Further studies on the chemical structure and biosynthetic pathway of these MTB-specific metabolites would help understand their biological functions. Studies on clinical samples from tuberculosis patients are required to explore for their potential role as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Wan Lam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Shirly O T Curreem
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kim-Chung Lee
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases , Hong Kong, China ; Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China ; Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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12
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Wernery U, Wong EYM, Tsang AKL, Johnson B, Yip CCY, Lau CCY, Sivakumar S, Cai JP, Fan RYY, Chan KH, Mareena R, Yuen KY. Novel betacoronavirus in dromedaries of the Middle East, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:560-72. [PMID: 24655427 PMCID: PMC3966378 DOI: 10.3201/eid2004.131769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2013, a novel betacoronavirus was identified in fecal samples from dromedaries in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Antibodies against the recombinant nucleocapsid protein of the virus, which we named dromedary camel coronavirus (DcCoV) UAE-HKU23, were detected in 52% of 59 dromedary serum samples tested. In an analysis of 3 complete DcCoV UAE-HKU23 genomes, we identified the virus as a betacoronavirus in lineage A1. The DcCoV UAE-HKU23 genome has G+C contents; a general preference for G/C in the third position of codons; a cleavage site for spike protein; and a membrane protein of similar length to that of other betacoronavirus A1 members, to which DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is phylogenetically closely related. Along with this coronavirus, viruses of at least 8 other families have been found to infect camels. Because camels have a close association with humans, continuous surveillance should be conducted to understand the potential for virus emergence in camels and for virus transmission to humans.
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13
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Cai JP, Liu LL, To KKW, Lau CCY, Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Guo YH, Ngan AHY, Che XY, Yuen KY. Characterization of the antigenicity of Cpl1, a surface protein of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. Mycologia 2014; 107:39-45. [PMID: 25261494 DOI: 10.3852/14-074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is an important fungal pathogen. The capsule is a well established virulence factor and a target site for diagnostic tests. The CPL1 gene is required for capsular formation and virulence. The protein product Cpl1 has been proposed to be a secreted protein, but the characteristics of this protein have not been reported. Here we sought to characterize Cpl1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Cpl1 of C. neoformans var. neoformans and the Cpl1 orthologs identified in C. neoformans var. grubii and C. gattii formed a distinct cluster among related fungi; while the putative ortholog found in Trichosporon asahii was distantly related to the Cryptococcus cluster. We expressed Cpl1 abundantly as a secreted His-tagged protein in Pichia pastoris. The protein was used to immunize guinea pigs and rabbits for high titer mono-specific polyclonal antibody that was shown to be highly specific against the cell wall of C. neoformans var. neoformans and did not cross react with C. gattii, T. asahii, Aspergillus spp., Candida spp. and Penicillium spp. Using the anti-Cpl1 antibody, we detected Cpl1 protein in the fresh culture supernatant of C. neoformans var. neoformans and we showed by immunostaining that the Cpl1 protein was located on the surface. The Cpl1 protein is a specific surface protein of C. neoformans var. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ling-Li Liu
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelvin K W To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yong-Hui Guo
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonio H Y Ngan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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14
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Tse MK, Cheung SKK, Ke YH, Lau CCY, Sze KH, Yuen KY. Backbone and side-chain ¹H, ¹³C and ¹⁵N assignments of the PPIase domain of macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein from Coxiella burnetii. Biomol NMR Assign 2014; 8:173-176. [PMID: 23616102 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-013-9477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium uniquely evolved to thrive in the inhospitable phagolysosome of macrophage. C. burnetii causes Q fever in humans and animals, which is emerging as a global public health concern. It is highly infectious and designated as a category B biowarfare agent because of its ubiquitous nature, abundant natural reservoirs, high resistance to environmental conditions, ease of transmission and low infectious dose. The lack of knowledge and awareness of C. burnetii leads to under-reporting and under-diagnosing of Q fever cases. Therefore, further understanding of the interactions between the infected host and the bacteria is necessary. C. burnetii macrophage infectivity potentiator (cb-Mip) is a secreted protein of 230 amino acids involving in intracellular survival of the pathogen. cb-Mip belongs to the family of FK506 binding protein, which possesses peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. Besides acting as a PPIase, Mip protein homolog has been identified as virulence factor of many intracellular pathogenic microorganisms. In the present study, we report the near complete resonance assignments of the PPIase domain-containing region of Mip protein of C. burnetii. Secondary structure prediction based on chemical shift index analysis indicates that the protein adopts a predominately beta-strand structure, which is consistent with the crystal structure of homologous Mip protein in Legionella pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Hung IFN, To KKW, Lee CK, Lee KL, Yan WW, Chan K, Chan WM, Ngai CW, Law KI, Chow FL, Liu R, Lai KY, Lau CCY, Liu SH, Chan KH, Lin CK, Yuen KY. Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection. Chest 2014; 144:464-473. [PMID: 23450336 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience from influenza pandemics suggested that convalescent plasma treatment given within 4 to 5 days of symptom onset might be beneficial. However, robust treatment data are lacking. METHODS This is a multicenter, prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Convalescent plasma from patients who recovered from the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1]) infection was fractionated to hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin (H-IVIG) by CSL Biotherapies (now BioCSL). Patients with severe A(H1N1) infection on standard antiviral treatment requiring intensive care and ventilatory support were randomized to receive H-IVIG or normal IV immunoglobulin manufactured before 2009 as control. Clinical outcome and adverse effects were compared. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2011, 35 patients were randomized to receive H-IVIG (17 patients) or IV immunoglobulin (18 patients). One defaulted patient was excluded from analysis. No adverse events related to treatment were reported. Baseline demographics and viral load before treatment were similar between the two groups. Serial respiratory viral load demonstrated that H-IVIG treatment was associated with significantly lower day 5 and 7 posttreatment viral load when compared with the control (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). The initial serum cytokine level was significantly higher in the H-IVIG group but fell to a similar level 3 days after treatment. Subgroup multivariate analysis of the 22 patients who received treatment within 5 days of symptom onset demonstrated that H-IVIG treatment was the only factor that independently reduced mortality (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-0.92; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Treatment of severe A(H1N1) infection with H-IVIG within 5 days of symptom onset was associated with a lower viral load and reduced mortality. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinialTrials.gov; No.: NCT01617317; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan F N Hung
- Carol Yu Center for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin K W To
- Carol Yu Center for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kar-Lung Lee
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Wa Yan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Kenny Chan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Wai-Ming Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Wai Ngai
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Ip Law
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Fu-Loi Chow
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Intensive Care Unit, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Liu
- Department of Medicine, Ruttonjee Hospital and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals, Hong Kong
| | - Kang-Yiu Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Carol Yu Center for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao-Haei Liu
- Department of Infection, Emergency and Contingency, Hospital Authority of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Carol Yu Center for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Che-Kit Lin
- Hong Kong Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Carol Yu Center for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Lau SKP, Tse H, Chan JSY, Zhou AC, Curreem SOT, Lau CCY, Yuen KY, Woo PCY. Proteome profiling of the dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei extracellular proteins and identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as an important adhesion factor for conidial attachment. FEBS J 2013; 280:6613-26. [PMID: 24128375 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite being the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing systemic mycosis in Southeast Asia, the pathogenic mechanisms of Penicillium marneffei remain largely unknown. By comparing the extracellular proteomes of P. marneffei in mycelial and yeast phases, we identified 12 differentially expressed proteins among which glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) were found to be upregulated in mycelial and yeast phases respectively. Based on previous findings in other pathogens, we hypothesized that these two extracellular proteins may be involved in adherence during P. marneffei-host interaction. Using inhibition assays with recombinant GAPDH (rGAPDH) proteins and anti-rGAPDH sera, we demonstrated that adhesion of P. marneffei conidia to fibronectin and laminin was inhibited by rGAPDH or rabbit anti-rGAPDH serum in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, a dose-dependent inhibition of conidial adherence to A549 pneumocytes by rGAPDH or rabbit anti-rGAPDH serum was observed, suggesting that P. marneffei GAPDH can mediate binding of conidia to human extracellular matrix proteins and pneumocytes. However, HSP60 did not exhibit similar inhibition on conidia adherence, and neither GAPDH norHSP60 exhibited inhibition on adherence to J774 or THP-1 macrophage cell lines. This report demonstrates GAPDH as an adherence factor in P. marneffei by mediating conidia adherence to host bronchoalveolar epithelium during the early establishment phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, China
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17
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Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Chan KH, Li CPY, Chen H, Jin DY, Chan JFW, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Delayed induction of proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of innate antiviral response by the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: implications for pathogenesis and treatment. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2679-2690. [PMID: 24077366 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.055533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality associated with the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has raised questions about the possible role of a cytokine storm in its pathogenesis. Although recent studies showed that MERS-CoV infection is associated with an attenuated IFN response, no induction of inflammatory cytokines was demonstrated during the early phase of infection. To study both early and late cytokine responses associated with MERS-CoV infection, we measured the mRNA levels of eight cytokine genes [TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, transforming growth factor-β and IFN-γ-induced protein (IP)-10] in cell lysates of polarized airway epithelial Calu-3 cells infected with MERS-CoV or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV up to 30 h post-infection. Among the eight cytokine genes, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 induced by MERS-CoV were markedly higher than those induced by SARS-CoV at 30 h, whilst TNF-α, IFN-β and IP-10 induced by SARS-CoV were markedly higher than those induced by MERS-CoV at 24 and 30 h in infected Calu-3 cells. The activation of IL-8 and attenuated IFN-β response by MERS-CoV were also confirmed by protein measurements in the culture supernatant when compared with SARS-CoV and Sendai virus. To further confirm the attenuated antiviral response, cytokine response was compared with human HCoV-229E in embryonal lung fibroblast HFL cells, which also revealed higher IFN-β and IP-10 levels induced by HCoV-229E than MERS-CoV at 24 and 30 h. Whilst our data supported recent findings that MERS-CoV elicits attenuated innate immunity, this represents the first report to demonstrate delayed proinflammatory cytokine induction by MERS-CoV. Our results provide insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of MERS-CoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Clara P Y Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jasper F W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
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18
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Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Wu Y, Wong AYP, Wong BHL, Lau CCY, Fan RYY, Cai JP, Tsoi HW, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Identification and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, porcine parainfluenza virus 1, from deceased pigs. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2184-2190. [PMID: 23918408 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.052985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the discovery and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1), from swine. The virus was detected in 12 (3.1 %) of 386 nasopharyngeal and two (0.7 %) of 303 rectal swab samples from 386 deceased pigs by reverse transcription-PCR, with viral loads of up to 10(6) copies ml(-1). Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that PPIV-1 represented a novel paramyxovirus within the genus Respirovirus, being most closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SeV). In contrast to HPIV-1, PPIV-1 possessed a mRNA editing function in the phosphoprotein gene. Moreover, PPIV-1 was unique among respiroviruses in having two G residues instead of three to five G residues following the A6 run at the editing site. Nevertheless, PPIV-1, HPIV-1 and SeV share common genomic features and may belong to a separate group within the genus Respirovirus. The presence of PPIV-1 in mainly respiratory samples suggests a possible association with respiratory disease, similar to HPIV-1 and SeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Annette Y P Wong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Beatrice H L Wong
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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19
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Zhang AJX, To KKW, Li C, Lau CCY, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Zheng BJ, Hung IFN, Lam KSL, Xu A, Yuen KY. Leptin mediates the pathogenesis of severe 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) infection associated with cytokine dysregulation in mice with diet-induced obesity. J Infect Dis 2013; 207:1270-80. [PMID: 23325916 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with a high circulating leptin level and severe 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) infection. The mechanism for severe lung injury in obese patients and the specific treatment strategy remain elusive. METHOD We studied the pathogenesis of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. RESULTS Obese mice had significantly higher initial pulmonary viral titer and mortality after challenge with A(H1N1)pdm09, compared with age-matched lean mice. Compared with lean mice, obese mice had heightened proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels and more severe pulmonary inflammatory damage. Furthermore, obese mice had a higher preexisting serum leptin level but a lower preexisting adiponectin level. Recombinant mouse leptin increased the interleukin 6 (IL-6) messenger RNA expression in mouse single-lung-cell preparations, mouse macrophages, and mouse lung epithelial cell lines infected with A(H1N1)pdm09. Administration of anti-leptin antibody improved the survival of infected obese mice, with associated reductions in pulmonary levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and interleukin 1β but not the pulmonary viral titer. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that preexisting high levels of circulating leptin contribute to the development of severe lung injury by A(H1N1)pdm09 in mice with diet-induced obesity. The therapeutic strategy of leptin neutralization for the reduction of proinflammatory responses and pulmonary damage in obese patients warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J X Zhang
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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20
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Tse H, Chan WM, Tsoi HW, Fan RYY, Lau CCY, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Yuen KY. Rediscovery and genomic characterization of bovine astroviruses. J Gen Virol 2011; 92:1888-1898. [PMID: 21508185 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.030817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Mamastrovirus belongs to the family Astroviridae and consists of at least six members infecting different mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle and pigs. In recent years, novel astroviruses have been identified in other mammalian species like roe deer, bats and sea lions. While the bovine astrovirus was one of the earliest astroviruses to have been studied, no further research has been performed recently and its genome sequence remains uncharacterized. In this report, we describe the detection and genomic characterization of astroviruses in bovine faecal specimens obtained in Hong Kong. Five of 209 specimens were found to be positive for astrovirus by RT-PCR. Two of the positive specimens were found to contain sequences from two different astrovirus strains. Complete genome sequences of approximately 6.3 kb in length were obtained for four strains, which showed similar organization of the genome compared to other astroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed their identities as members of the genus Mamastrovirus, and showed them to be most closely related to the Capreolus capreolus astrovirus. Based on the pairwise genetic distances among their full-length ORF2 sequences, these bovine astroviruses may be assigned into at least three different genotype species. Sequence analysis revealed evidence of potential recombination in ORF2. In summary, we report the first genome sequences of bovine astroviruses and clearly establish the species status of the virus. Additionally, our study is among the first to report co-infection by different astrovirus genotypes in the same host, which is an essential step for recombination to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Tse
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Wan-Mui Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hoi-Wah Tsoi
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rachel Y Y Fan
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Candy C Y Lau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, Hong Kong SAR.,Research Centre of Infection and Immunity, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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21
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Chan KH, Zhang AJX, To KKW, Chan CCS, Poon VKM, Guo K, Ng F, Zhang QW, Leung VHC, Cheung ANY, Lau CCY, Woo PCY, Tse H, Wu W, Chen H, Zheng BJ, Yuen KY. Wild type and mutant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses cause more severe disease and higher mortality in pregnant BALB/c mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13757. [PMID: 21060798 PMCID: PMC2966430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnant women infected by the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus had more severe disease and higher mortality but its pathogenesis is still unclear. Principal Findings We showed that higher mortality, more severe pneumonitis, higher pulmonary viral load, lower peripheral blood T lymphocytes and antibody responses, higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and worse fetal development occurred in pregnant mice than non-pregnant controls infected by either wild type (clinical isolate) or mouse-adapted mutant virus with D222G substitution in hemagglutinin. These disease-associated changes and the lower respiratory tract involvement were worse in pregnant mice challenged by mutant virus. Though human placental origin JEG-3 cell line could be infected and proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines were elevated in amniotic fluid of some mice, no placental or fetal involvement by virus were detected by culture, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or histopathological changes. Dual immunofluorescent staining of viral nucleoprotein and type II alveolar cell marker SP-C protein suggested that the majority of infected alveolar epithelial cells were type II pneumocytes. Conclusion The adverse effect of this pandemic virus on maternal and fetal outcome is largely related to the severe pulmonary disease and the indirect effect of inflammatory cytokine spillover into the systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna J. X. Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin K. W. To
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris C. S. Chan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent K. M. Poon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kunyuan Guo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fai Ng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Virtual H. C. Leung
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Annie N. Y. Cheung
- Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Candy C. Y. Lau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Patrick C. Y. Woo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Herman Tse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wailan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bo-Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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To KKW, Hung IFN, Li IWS, Lee KL, Koo CK, Yan WW, Liu R, Ho KY, Chu KH, Watt CL, Luk WK, Lai KY, Chow FL, Mok T, Buckley T, Chan JFW, Wong SSY, Zheng B, Chen H, Lau CCY, Tse H, Cheng VCC, Chan KH, Yuen KY. Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50:850-9. [PMID: 20136415 PMCID: PMC7107930 DOI: 10.1086/650581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections caused by the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus range from mild upper respiratory tract syndromes to fatal diseases. However, studies comparing virological and immunological profile of different clinical severity are lacking. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 74 patients with pandemic H1N1 infection, including 23 patients who either developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or died (ARDS-death group), 14 patients with desaturation requiring oxygen supplementation and who survived without ARDS (survived-without-ARDS group), and 37 patients with mild disease without desaturation (mild-disease group). We compared their pattern of clinical disease, viral load, and immunological profile. RESULTS Patients with severe disease were older, more likely to be obese or having underlying diseases, and had lower respiratory tract symptoms, especially dyspnea at presentation. The ARDS-death group had a slower decline in nasopharyngeal viral loads, had higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and were more likely to have bacterial coinfections (30.4%), myocarditis (21.7%), or viremia (13.0%) than patients in the survived-without-ARDS or the mild-disease groups. Reactive hemophagocytosis, thrombotic phenomena, lymphoid atrophy, diffuse alveolar damage, and multiorgan dysfunction similar to fatal avian influenza A H5N1 infection were found at postmortem examinations. CONCLUSIONS The slower control of viral load and immunodysregulation in severe cases mandate the search for more effective antiviral and immunomodulatory regimens to stop the excessive cytokine activation resulting in ARDS and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K W To
- Infectious Disease Division, Queen Mary Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Woo PCY, Tung ETK, Chan KH, Lau CCY, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. Cytokine profiles induced by the novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus: implications for treatment strategies. J Infect Dis 2010; 201:346-53. [PMID: 20030555 PMCID: PMC7202468 DOI: 10.1086/649785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Given the apparent high mortality associated with the novel swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus (S-OIV) in Mexico, we aimed to study the cytokine profiles induced by S-OIV and the effect of immunomodulators. METHODS. We assayed cytokines and their messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in culture supernatants of human macrophages infected with H5N1, S-OIV California/04/2009 (S-OIV-CA), S-OIV Hong Kong/415742 (S-OIV-HK), or seasonal H1N1 with or without celecoxib and mesalazine. RESULTS. Among the 12 cytokines showing detectable levels, levels of 8 proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL] 2R, IL-6, interferon [IFN] alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP] alpha, MIP-1beta, IFN-induced protein 10, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES], and monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP] 1) were higher in cells infected by H5N1 but similar among cells infected with H1N1, S-OIV-CA, or S-OIV-HK. The levels of the other 4 cytokines were similar for H5N1, H1N1, S-OIV-CA and S-OIV-HK. Among the 8 cytokines induced by H5N1, 6 were suppressed by celecoxib and mesalazine. The mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and MCP-1 induced by H5N1 were higher than the levels of other cytokines at 12 and/or 24 h. CONCLUSIONS. No major cytokine storm, as seen in H5N1 infection, is associated with S-OIV infection of cell lines. The mainstay of treatment for uncomplicated S-OIV infections should be antiviral agents without immunomodulators. For individual S-OIV-infected patients with severe primary viral pneumonia, severe sepsis, and multiorgan failure, immunomodulators may be considered as an adjunctive therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Woo PCY, Lau CCY, Chong KTK, Tse H, Tsang DNC, Lee RA, Tse CWS, Que TL, Chung LMW, Ngan AHY, Hui WT, Wong SSY, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. MP1 homologue-based multilocus sequence system for typing the pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei: a novel approach using lineage-specific genes. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3647-54. [PMID: 17881546 PMCID: PMC2168507 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00619-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly reproducible and discriminative typing system is essential for better understanding of the epidemiology of Penicillium marneffei, the most important thermal dimorphic fungus causing respiratory, skin, and systemic mycosis in Southeast Asia. The sequences of 11 housekeeping genes were identical among 10 strains of P. marneffei, but those of MP1 and its 13 homologues, a novel superfamily of mannoproteins in the subdivision Pezizomycotina of Ascomycetes, mostly species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, showed significant variations. Therefore, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system for P. marneffei was constructed using MP1 (549 bp) and the four of its homologues (MPLP4 [337 bp], MPLP7 [347 bp], MPLP10 [546 bp], and MPLP13 [422 bp]) that showed the greatest variations. Among the 2,201 bp of the five loci, 183 polymorphic sites were observed in 44 strains of P. marneffei. The median number of alleles at each locus was five (range, 5 [MPLP4, MPLP7, and MPLP13] to 15 [MPLP10]). Four of the five genes had nonsynonymous substitution/synonymous substitution (d(n)/d(s)) ratios of >1. A total of 35 different sequence types (STs) were assigned to the 44 P. marneffei isolates, with 28 of the 35 STs identified only once. The discriminatory power was 0.9884. MP1 and its homologues were better than housekeeping genes for MLST in P. marneffei. Due to their more rapid evolutionary rates, lineage-specific genes may be better candidates than housekeeping genes for sequence-based typing, especially in microbes that evolve slowly or have evolved recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, University Pathology Building, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Woo PCY, Chong KTK, Lau CCY, Wong SSY, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. A novel approach for screening immunogenic proteins inPenicillium marneffeiusing the ÎAFMP1ÎAFMP2deletion mutant ofAspergillus fumigatus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 262:138-47. [PMID: 16923068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Using serum from guinea-pigs immunized with a DeltaAFMP1DeltaAFMP2 deletion mutant of Aspergillus fumigatus to screen a cDNA library of A. fumigatus, we cloned a novel immunogenic 57-kDa protein in A. fumigatus. We also cloned its 55-kDa homologue in Penicillium marneffei, which was possibly related to amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, with homologues present only in the subphylum Pezizomycotina of Ascomycota. The recombinant 55-kDa protein of P. marneffei reacted strongly with guinea-pig serum immunized with P. marneffei and with the sera of patients with P. marneffei infection. A similar approach could be applied to immunogenic protein screening in other microorganisms for serological diagnosis, epidemiological studies and the study of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Woo PCY, Chong KTK, Tse H, Cai JJ, Lau CCY, Zhou AC, Lau SKP, Yuen KY. Genomic and experimental evidence for a potential sexual cycle in the pathogenic thermal dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3409-16. [PMID: 16714021 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 05/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
All meiotic genes (except HOP1) and genes encoding putative pheromone processing enzymes, pheromone receptors and pheromone response pathways proteins in Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans and a putative MAT-1 alpha box mating-type gene were present in the Penicillium marneffei genome. A putative MAT-2 high-mobility group mating-type gene was amplified from a MAT-1 alpha box mating-type gene-negative P. marneffei strain. Among 37 P. marneffei patient strains, MAT-1 alpha box and MAT-2 high-mobility group mating-type genes were present in 23 and 14 isolates, respectively. We speculate that P. marneffei can potentially be a heterothallic fungus that does not switch mating type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
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Woo PCY, Lau SKP, Lau CCY, Chong KTK, Hui WT, Wong SSY, Yuen KY. Penicillium marneffei fungaemia in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 35:831-3. [PMID: 15765113 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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