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Giannakopoulou E, Akrani I, Mpekoulis G, Frakolaki E, Dimitriou M, Myrianthopoulos V, Vassilaki N, Zoidis G. Novel Pyrazino[1,2- a]indole-1,3(2 H,4 H)-dione Derivatives Targeting the Replication of Flaviviridae Viruses: Structural and Mechanistic Insights. Viruses 2024; 16:1238. [PMID: 39205212 PMCID: PMC11360281 DOI: 10.3390/v16081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections with Flaviviridae viruses, such as hepatitis C (HCV), dengue (DENV), and yellow fever (YFV) viruses, are major public health problems worldwide. In the case of HCV, treatment is associated with drug resistance and high costs, while there is no clinically approved therapy for DENV and YFV. Consequently, there is still a need for new chemotherapies with alternative modes of action. We have previously identified novel 2-hydroxypyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,3(2H,4H)-diones as metal-chelating inhibitors targeting HCV RNA replication. Here, by utilizing a structure-based approach, we rationally designed a second series of compounds by introducing various substituents at the indole core structure and at the imidic nitrogen, to improve specificity against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The resulting derivatives were evaluated for their potency against HCV genotype 1b, DENV2, and YFV-17D using stable replicon cell lines. The most favorable substitution was nitro at position 6 of the indole ring (compound 36), conferring EC50 1.6 μM against HCV 1b and 2.57 μΜ against HCV 1a, with a high selectivity index. Compound 52, carrying the acetohydroxamic acid functionality (-CH2CONHOH) on the imidic nitrogen, and compound 78, the methyl-substituted molecule at the position 4 indolediketopiperazine counterpart, were the most effective against DENV and YFV, respectively. Interestingly, compound 36 had a high genetic barrier to resistance and only one resistance mutation was detected, T181I in NS5B, suggesting that the compound target HCV RdRp is in accordance with our predicted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erofili Giannakopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (E.G.); (I.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Ifigeneia Akrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (E.G.); (I.A.); (V.M.)
| | - George Mpekoulis
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Efseveia Frakolaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Vassilios Myrianthopoulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (E.G.); (I.A.); (V.M.)
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771 Athens, Greece; (E.G.); (I.A.); (V.M.)
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2
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Hills SL, Wong JM, Staples JE. Arboviral vaccines for use in pregnant travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 55:102624. [PMID: 37517630 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women traveling abroad can be exposed to a variety of arboviruses, primarily spread by mosquitoes or ticks. Some arboviral infections can be of particular concern for pregnant women or their fetuses. Vaccination is one preventive measure that can reduce the risk for infection. Several arboviral vaccines have been licensed for many years and can be used to prevent infection in travelers, namely Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis vaccines. Recommendations on use of these vaccines in pregnancy vary. Other arboviral vaccines have been licensed but are not indicated for use in pregnant travelers (e.g., dengue vaccines) or are in development (e.g., chikungunya, Zika vaccines). This review describes arboviral vaccines for travelers, focusing on women who are pregnant and those planning travel during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hills
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - J M Wong
- Dengue Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - J E Staples
- Arboviral Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Pardali V, Giannakopoulou E, Mpekoulis G, Tsopela V, Panos G, Taylor MC, Kelly JM, Vassilaki N, Zoidis G. Novel Lipophilic Hydroxamates Based on Spirocarbocyclic Hydantoin Scaffolds with Potent Antiviral and Trypanocidal Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1046. [PMID: 37513957 PMCID: PMC10385743 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviridae infections, such as those caused by hepatitis C (HCV) and dengue viruses (DENVs), represent global health risks. Infected people are in danger of developing chronic liver failure or hemorrhagic fever, both of which can be fatal if not treated. The tropical parasites Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi cause enormous socioeconomic burdens in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Anti-HCV chemotherapy has severe adverse effects and is expensive, whereas dengue has no clinically authorized treatment. Antiparasitic medicines are often toxic and difficult to administer, and treatment failures are widely reported. There is an urgent need for new chemotherapies. Based on our previous research, we have undertaken structural modification of lead compound V with the goal of producing derivatives with both antiviral and trypanocidal activity. The novel spirocarbocyclic-substituted hydantoin analogs were designed, synthesized, and tested for antiviral activity against three HCV genotypes (1b, 3a, 4a), DENV, yellow fever virus (YFV), and two trypanosome species (T. brucei, T. cruzi). The optimization was successful and led to compounds with significant antiviral and trypanocidal activity and exceptional selectivity. Several modifications were made to further investigate the structure-activity relationships (SARs) and confirm the critical role of lipophilicity and conformational degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pardali
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Erofili Giannakopoulou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - George Mpekoulis
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilina Tsopela
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Panos
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Niki Vassilaki
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Vas. Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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4
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Synthesis and evaluation of anti-yellow fever virus activity of new 6-aryl-3-R-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115117. [PMID: 36657300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever disease is one of public health concerns in the tropics. Despite its significant medicinal and economic impact among large groups of the population, there is a lack of effective treatment against yellow fever. In this regard, here we describe the synthesis of a series of new 6-aryl-3-R-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-ones and evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory activity against yellow fever virus. Among all tested compounds 4 derivatives possessing strong inhibitory activity at μM concentrations were identified. All the active compounds revealed a good toxicity profile. These facts make the compounds interesting candidates for further evaluation of their efficacy in the treatment of yellow fever virus infection in vivo.
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Umoke PCI, Umoke M, Eyo N, Ugwu Mbbs A, Okeke E, Nwalieji CA, Agbaje SO, Onwe RN, Ekeh DO, Umoke UG, Agu MN, Okide CC. Delay in health-seeking behaviour: Implication to yellow fever outcome in the 2019 outbreak in Nigeria. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2021; 29:703-711. [PMID: 33761167 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Yellow fever is a vaccine-preventable acute viral disease that can rapidly spread and cause serious public health impact. Delay in seeking health care from health facilities is a potential risk of prolonged disease spread. Therefore, this study assessed the delay in health-seeking behaviour and implications for yellow fever outcomes in the 2019 outbreak in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study examined the factors associated with delayed yellow fever vaccine uptake. A retrospective study was conducted from January to December 2019 using 137 cases recorded in the WHO database. The data were analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentages) and the Chi-square test. The results were significant at p < 0.05. Results showed a low uptake of yellow fever vaccine (24.1%) among patients and a median total health-seeking delay of 7 [IQR 7, 9] days. The delay was more among the older age ≥40 years (12 [IQR 12, 29]), females (8 [IQR 8, 11], and rural inhabitants 7 [IQR7, 9], particularly in Izzi LGA (9 [IQR 9, 16] than the other subgroups. Patients' location or place of residence was significantly associated with the yellow fever vaccine uptake (p < 0.000*), and delay (p = 0.003*). Conclusively, the low vaccine uptake was due to the delay in health-seeking behaviour. Thus, the healthcare system in Nigeria needs to intensify mass participation in immunisation programmes. Interventions that promote behavioural change towards immunisation are required. Also, health promotion campaigns to educate rural people on desirable health-seeking behaviour are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince C I Umoke
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - MaryJoy Umoke
- School Health Programme Unit, Department of Public Health, Ebonyi State Ministry of Health, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Chioma A Nwalieji
- School Health Programme Unit, Department of Public Health, Ebonyi State Ministry of Health, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Samson O Agbaje
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary N Onwe
- Department of Economics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - David O Ekeh
- Education Foundation, Alex Ekwueme Federal University NdufuAlike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Ugochi G Umoke
- University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Nigeria
| | - Martins N Agu
- Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team Foundation, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Charity C Okide
- Department of Adult Education and Extramural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Gao Z, Zhang L, Ma J, Jurado A, Hong SH, Guo JT, Rice CM, MacDonald MR, Chang J. Development of antibody-based assays for high throughput discovery and mechanistic study of antiviral agents against yellow fever virus. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104907. [PMID: 32798604 PMCID: PMC7426275 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the availability of a highly effective yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine, outbreaks of yellow fever frequently occur in Africa and South America with significant mortality, highlighting the pressing need for antiviral drugs to manage future outbreaks. To support the discovery and development of antiviral drugs against YFV, we characterized a panel of rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the three YFV structural proteins and five non-structural proteins and demonstrated these antibody reagents in conjunction with viral RNA metabolic labeling, double-stranded RNA staining and membrane floatation assays as powerful tools for investigating YFV polyprotein processing, replication complex formation, viral RNA synthesis and high throughput discovery of antiviral drugs. Specifically, the proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein can be analyzed by Western blot assays. The predominant nuclear localization of NS5 protein as well as the relationship between intracellular viral non-structural protein distribution and foci of YFV RNA replication can be revealed by immunofluorescence staining and membrane flotation assays. Using an antibody against YFV NS4B protein as an example, in-cell western and high-content imaging assays have been developed for high throughput discovery of antiviral agents. A synergistic antiviral effect of an YFV NS4B-targeting antiviral agent BDAA and a NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor (Sofosbuvir) was also demonstrated with the high-content imaging assay. Apparently, the antibody-based assays established herein not only facilitate the discovery and development of antiviral agents against YFV, but also provide valuable tools to dissect the molecular mechanism by which the antiviral agents inhibit YFV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Gao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Jurado
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seon-Hui Hong
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA.
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Oliveira Silva Martins D, de Andrade Santos I, Moraes de Oliveira D, Riquena Grosche V, Carolina Gomes Jardim A. Antivirals against Chikungunya Virus: Is the Solution in Nature? Viruses 2020; 12:v12030272. [PMID: 32121393 PMCID: PMC7150839 DOI: 10.3390/v12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide outbreaks of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the last years demonstrated the need for studies to screen antivirals against CHIKV. The virus was first isolated in Tanzania in 1952 and was responsible for outbreaks in Africa and Southwest Asia in subsequent years. Between 2007 and 2014, some cases were documented in Europe and America. The infection is associated with low rates of death; however, it can progress to a chronic disease characterized by severe arthralgias in infected patients. This infection is also associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. There is no specific antivirus against CHIKV. Treatment of infected patients is palliative and based on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce arthralgias. Several natural molecules have been described as antiviruses against viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, hepatitis C, and influenza. This review aims to summarize the natural compounds that have demonstrated antiviral activity against chikungunya virus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), State University of São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Igor de Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Débora Moraes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Victória Riquena Grosche
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), State University of São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8679
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Yellow Fever: Integrating Current Knowledge with Technological Innovations to Identify Strategies for Controlling a Re-Emerging Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100960. [PMID: 31627415 PMCID: PMC6832525 DOI: 10.3390/v11100960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) represents a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen, transmitted by mosquito vectors to humans from primate reservoirs. Sporadic outbreaks of YFV occur in endemic tropical regions, causing a viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) associated with high mortality rates. Despite a highly effective vaccine, no antiviral treatments currently exist. Therefore, YFV represents a neglected tropical disease and is chronically understudied, with many aspects of YFV biology incompletely defined including host range, host–virus interactions and correlates of host immunity and pathogenicity. In this article, we review the current state of YFV research, focusing on the viral lifecycle, host responses to infection, species tropism and the success and associated limitations of the YFV-17D vaccine. In addition, we highlight the current lack of available treatments and use publicly available sequence and structural data to assess global patterns of YFV sequence diversity and identify potential drug targets. Finally, we discuss how technological advances, including real-time epidemiological monitoring of outbreaks using next-generation sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 modification of vector species, could be utilized in future battles against this re-emerging pathogen which continues to cause devastating disease.
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Kassar TC, Magalhães T, S JVJ, Carvalho AGO, Silva ANMRDA, Queiroz SRA, Bertani GR, Gil LHVG. Construction and characterization of a recombinant yellow fever virus stably expressing Gaussia luciferase. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2119-2130. [PMID: 28746549 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease that still poses high public health concerns, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. The development of recombinant viruses is of utmost importance for several types of studies, such as those aimed to dissect virus-host interactions and to search for novel antiviral strategies. Moreover, recombinant viruses expressing reporter genes may greatly facilitate these studies. Here, we report the construction of a recombinant yellow fever virus (YFV) expressing Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) (YFV-GLuc). We show, through RT-PCR, sequencing and measurement of GLuc activity, that stability of the heterologous gene was maintained after six passages. Furthermore, a direct association between GLuc expression and viral replication was observed (r2=0.9967), indicating that measurement of GLuc activity may be used to assess viral replication in different applications. In addition, we evaluated the use of the recombinant virus in an antiviral assay with recombinant human alfa-2b interferon. A 60% inhibition of GLuc expression was observed in cells infected with YFV-GLuc and incubated with IFN alfa-2b. Previously tested on YFV inhibition by plaque assays indicated a similar fold-decrease in viral replication. These results are valuable as they show the stability of YFV-GLuc and one of several possible applications of this construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telissa C Kassar
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tereza Magalhães
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José V J S
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda G O Carvalho
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andréa N M R DA Silva
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R A Queiroz
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Giovani R Bertani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco/UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laura H V G Gil
- Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães/CPqAM, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
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10
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Low JGH, Ooi EE, Vasudevan SG. Current Status of Dengue Therapeutics Research and Development. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:S96-S102. [PMID: 28403438 PMCID: PMC5388029 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a significant global health problem. Even though a vaccine against dengue is now available, which is a notable achievement, its long-term protective efficacy against each of the 4 dengue virus serotypes remains to be definitively determined. Consequently, drugs directed at the viral targets or critical host mechanisms that can be used safely as prophylaxis or treatment to effectively ameliorate disease or reduce disease severity and fatalities are still needed to reduce the burden of dengue. This review will provide a brief account of the status of therapeutics research and development for dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny G H Low
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore.,Singapore MIT Alliance in Research and Technology Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore
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Roopan SM, Bharathi A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Madhumitha G. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of acridone derivatives to Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and non-target aquatic species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39753. [PMID: 28059104 PMCID: PMC5216327 DOI: 10.1038/srep39753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious Mosquito borne yellow fever is one of the grave diseases which affect the major population. Since there is no specific treatment for yellow fever, there is a necessity to develop an effective agent. The series of acridinone analogues 3 to 5 were synthesized with help of non-conventional microwave heating and confirmed by respective spectral characterization. 5c and 3b showed highest activity to kill 90% of larvae against A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. Also the active products were treated to check the mortality of non-target aquatic species. Through the reports of the larvicidal bioassay, compounds 3b against C. quinquefasciatus whereas 5c against A. aegypti were found to be more active. By keeping this as a platform, further extension of the work can be done to find out a valuable drug for controlling disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annadurai Bharathi
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G Madhumitha
- Chemistry of Heterocycles &Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Guo F, Wu S, Julander J, Ma J, Zhang X, Kulp J, Cuconati A, Block TM, Du Y, Guo JT, Chang J. A Novel Benzodiazepine Compound Inhibits Yellow Fever Virus Infection by Specifically Targeting NS4B Protein. J Virol 2016; 90:10774-10788. [PMID: 27654301 PMCID: PMC5110185 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01253-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a highly effective vaccine is available, the number of yellow fever cases has increased over the past 2 decades, which highlights the pressing need for antiviral therapeutics. In a high-throughput screening campaign, we identified an acetic acid benzodiazepine (BDAA) compound which potently inhibits yellow fever virus (YFV). Interestingly, while treatment of YFV-infected cultures with 2 μM BDAA reduced the virion production by greater than 2 logs, the compound was not active against 21 other viruses from 14 different viral families. Selection and genetic analysis of drug-resistant viruses revealed that replacement of the proline at amino acid 219 (P219) of the nonstructural protein 4B (NS4B) with serine, threonine, or alanine conferred YFV with resistance to BDAA without apparent loss of replication fitness in cultured mammalian cells. However, replacement of P219 with glycine conferred BDAA resistance with significant loss of replication ability. Bioinformatics analysis predicts that the P219 amino acid is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum lumen side of the fifth putative transmembrane domain of NS4B, and the mutation may render the viral protein incapable of interacting with BDAA. Our studies thus revealed an important role and the structural basis for the NS4B protein in supporting YFV replication. Moreover, in YFV-infected hamsters, oral administration of BDAA protected 90% of the animals from death, significantly reduced viral load by greater than 2 logs, and attenuated virus infection-induced liver injury and body weight loss. The encouraging preclinical results thus warrant further development of BDAA or its derivatives as antiviral agents to treat yellow fever. IMPORTANCE Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease which threatens approximately 1 billion people living in tropical areas of Africa and Latin America. Although a highly effective yellow fever vaccine has been available for more than 7 decades, the low vaccination rate fails to prevent outbreaks in at-risk regions. It has been estimated that up to 1.7 million YFV infections occur in Africa each year, resulting in 29,000 to 60,000 deaths. Thus far, there is no specific antiviral treatment for yellow fever. To cope with this medical challenge, we identified a benzodiazepine compound that selectively inhibits YFV by targeting the viral NS4B protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating in vivo safety and antiviral efficacy of a YFV NS4B inhibitor in an animal model. We have thus reached a critical milestone toward the development of specific antiviral therapeutics for clinical management of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Kulp
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Cuconati
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy M Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Calvert AE, Dixon KL, Piper J, Bennett SL, Thibodeaux BA, Barrett ADT, Roehrig JT, Blair CD. A humanized monoclonal antibody neutralizes yellow fever virus strain 17D-204 in vitro but does not protect a mouse model from disease. Antiviral Res 2016; 131:92-9. [PMID: 27126613 PMCID: PMC4899248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine 17D-204 is considered safe and effective, yet rare severe adverse events (SAEs), some resulting in death, have been documented following vaccination. Individuals exhibiting post-vaccinal SAEs are ideal candidates for antiviral monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapy; the time until appearance of clinical signs post-exposure is usually short and patients are quickly hospitalized. We previously developed a murine-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (cMAb), 2C9-cIgG, reactive with both virulent YFV and 17D-204, and demonstrated its ability to prevent and treat YF disease in both AG129 mouse and hamster models of infection. To counteract possible selection of 17D-204 variants that escape neutralization by treatment with a single MAb (2C9-cIgG), we developed a second cMAb, 864-cIgG, for use in combination with 2C9-cIgG in post-vaccinal therapy. MAb 864-cIgG recognizes/neutralizes only YFV 17D-204 vaccine substrain and binds to domain III (DIII) of the viral envelope protein, which is different from the YFV type-specific binding site of 2C9-cIgG in DII. Although it neutralized 17D-204 in vitro, administration of 864-cIgG had no protective capacity in the interferon receptor-deficient AG129 mouse model of 17D-204 infection. The data presented here show that although DIII-specific 864-cIgG neutralizes virus infectivity in vitro, it does not have the ability to abrogate disease in vivo. Therefore, combination of 864-cIgG with 2C9-cIgG for treatment of YF vaccination SAEs does not appear to provide an improvement on 2C9-cIgG therapy alone.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Receptors, Interferon/deficiency
- Receptors, Interferon/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Yellow Fever/immunology
- Yellow Fever/prevention & control
- Yellow Fever/therapy
- Yellow Fever Vaccine/adverse effects
- Yellow Fever Vaccine/immunology
- Yellow fever virus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Calvert
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Kandice L Dixon
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Joseph Piper
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1692, USA
| | - Susan L Bennett
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1692, USA
| | - Brett A Thibodeaux
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1692, USA
| | - Alan D T Barrett
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas-Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - John T Roehrig
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1692, USA.
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14
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Julander JG. Animal models of yellow fever and their application in clinical research. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 18:64-9. [PMID: 27093699 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus that causes significant human morbidity and mortality. This virus has been studied intensively over the past century, although there are still no treatment options for those who become infected. Periodic and unpredictable yellow fever (YF) outbreaks in Africa and South America continue to occur and underscore the ongoing need to further understand this viral disease and to develop additional countermeasures to prevent or treat cases of illness. The use of animal models of YF is critical to accomplishing this goal. There are several animal models of YF that replicate various aspects of clinical disease and have provided insight into pathogenic mechanisms of the virus. These typically include mice, hamsters and non-human primates (NHP). The utilities and shortcomings of the available animal models of YF are discussed. Information on recent discoveries that have been made in the field of YFV research is also included as well as important future directions in further ameliorating the morbidity and mortality that occur as a result of YFV infection. It is anticipated that these model systems will help facilitate further improvements in the understanding of this virus and in furthering countermeasures to prevent or treat infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States.
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15
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Zmurko J, Neyts J, Dallmeier K. Flaviviral NS4b, chameleon and jack-in-the-box roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, and a molecular target for antiviral intervention. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:205-23. [PMID: 25828437 PMCID: PMC4864441 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus and other flaviviruses such as the yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses are emerging vector-borne human pathogens that affect annually more than 100 million individuals and that may cause debilitating and potentially fatal hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of flavivirus-associated disease. A better understanding of the flavivirus-host interactions during the different events of the flaviviral life cycle may be essential when developing novel antiviral strategies. The flaviviral non-structural protein 4b (NS4b) appears to play an important role in flaviviral replication by facilitating the formation of the viral replication complexes and in counteracting innate immune responses such as the following: (i) type I IFN signaling; (ii) RNA interference; (iii) formation of stress granules; and (iv) the unfolded protein response. Intriguingly, NS4b has recently been shown to constitute an excellent target for the selective inhibition of flavivirus replication. We here review the current knowledge on NS4b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Zmurko
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy
| | - Kai Dallmeier
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy
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16
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Maciel M, Cruz FDSP, Cordeiro MT, da Motta MA, Cassemiro KMSDM, Maia RDCC, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Galler R, Freire MDS, August JT, Marques ETA, Dhalia R. A DNA vaccine against yellow fever virus: development and evaluation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003693. [PMID: 25875109 PMCID: PMC4395287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated yellow fever (YF) virus 17D/17DD vaccines are the only available protection from YF infection, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the tropical areas of the world. The attenuated YF virus vaccine, which is used worldwide, generates both long-lasting neutralizing antibodies and strong T-cell responses. However, on rare occasions, this vaccine has toxic side effects that can be fatal. This study presents the design of two non-viral DNA-based antigen formulations and the characterization of their expression and immunological properties. The two antigen formulations consist of DNA encoding the full-length envelope protein (p/YFE) or the full-length envelope protein fused to the lysosomal-associated membrane protein signal, LAMP-1 (pL/YFE), aimed at diverting antigen processing/presentation through the major histocompatibility complex II precursor compartments. The immune responses triggered by these formulations were evaluated in H2b and H2d backgrounds, corresponding to the C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice strains, respectively. Both DNA constructs were able to induce very strong T-cell responses of similar magnitude against almost all epitopes that are also generated by the YF 17DD vaccine. The pL/YFE formulation performed best overall. In addition to the T-cell response, it was also able to stimulate high titers of anti-YF neutralizing antibodies comparable to the levels elicited by the 17DD vaccine. More importantly, the pL/YFE vaccine conferred 100% protection against the YF virus in intracerebrally challenged mice. These results indicate that pL/YFE DNA is an excellent vaccine candidate and should be considered for further developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Maciel
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fábia da Silva Pereira Cruz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marli Tenório Cordeiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Health Secretariat of the State of Pernambuco, Central Public Health Laboratory-LACEN, Boa Vista, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Archer da Motta
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Bio-Manguinhos, Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Klécia Marília Soares de Melo Cassemiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Carvalho Maia
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Galler
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Bio-Manguinhos, Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silva Freire
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Bio-Manguinhos, Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV), Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseph Thomas August
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ernesto T. A. Marques
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- University of Pittsburgh, Center for Vaccine Research, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rafael Dhalia
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Department of Virology, Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LAVITE), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), University City, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Narayana Moorthy NSH, Poongavanam V. The KNIME based classification models for yellow fever virus inhibition. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15317k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Naïve Bayes method as implemented in KNIME platform for classification of YFV inhibition. The best classification model is able to correctly discriminate >90% of inhibitors and non-inhibitors.
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18
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Beasley DWC, McAuley AJ, Bente DA. Yellow fever virus: genetic and phenotypic diversity and implications for detection, prevention and therapy. Antiviral Res 2014; 115:48-70. [PMID: 25545072 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is the prototypical hemorrhagic fever virus, yet our understanding of its phenotypic diversity and any molecular basis for observed differences in disease severity and epidemiology is lacking, when compared to other arthropod-borne and haemorrhagic fever viruses. This is, in part, due to the availability of safe and effective vaccines resulting in basic YFV research taking a back seat to those viruses for which no effective vaccine occurs. However, regular outbreaks occur in endemic areas, and the spread of the virus to new, previously unaffected, areas is possible. Analysis of isolates from endemic areas reveals a strong geographic association for major genotypes, and recent epidemics have demonstrated the emergence of novel sequence variants. This review aims to outline the current understanding of YFV genetic and phenotypic diversity and its sources, as well as the available animal models for characterizing these differences in vivo. The consequences of genetic diversity for detection and diagnosis of yellow fever and development of new vaccines and therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W C Beasley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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19
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Smith DR, Holbrook MR, Gowen BB. Animal models of viral hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res 2014; 112:59-79. [PMID: 25448088 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The term "viral hemorrhagic fever" (VHF) designates a syndrome of acute febrile illness, increased vascular permeability and coagulation defects which often progresses to bleeding and shock and may be fatal in a significant percentage of cases. The causative agents are some 20 different RNA viruses in the families Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae and Flaviviridae, which are maintained in a variety of animal species and are transferred to humans through direct or indirect contact or by an arthropod vector. Except for dengue, which is transmitted among humans by mosquitoes, the geographic distribution of each type of VHF is determined by the range of its animal reservoir. Treatments are available for Argentine HF and Lassa fever, but no approved countermeasures have been developed against other types of VHF. The development of effective interventions is hindered by the sporadic nature of most infections and their occurrence in geographic regions with limited medical resources. Laboratory animal models that faithfully reproduce human disease are therefore essential for the evaluation of potential vaccines and therapeutics. The goal of this review is to highlight the current status of animal models that can be used to study the pathogenesis of VHF and test new countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci R Smith
- Southern Research Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, United States.
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Brian B Gowen
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, United States
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20
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BCX4430, a novel nucleoside analog, effectively treats yellow fever in a Hamster model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6607-14. [PMID: 25155605 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03368-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
No effective antiviral therapies are currently available to treat disease after infection with yellow fever virus (YFV). A Syrian golden hamster model of yellow fever (YF) was used to characterize the effect of treatment with BCX4430, a novel adenosine nucleoside analog. Significant improvement in survival was observed after treatment with BCX4430 at 4 mg/kg of body weight per day dosed intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice daily (BID). Treatment with BCX4430 at 12.5 mg/kg/day administered i.p. BID for 7 days offered complete protection from mortality and also resulted in significant improvement of other YF disease parameters, including weight loss, serum alanine aminotransferase levels (6 days postinfection [dpi]), and viremia (4 dpi). In uninfected hamsters, BCX4430 at 200 mg/kg/day administered i.p. BID for 7 days was well tolerated and did not result in mortality or weight loss, suggesting a potentially wide therapeutic index. Treatment with BCX4430 at 12 mg/kg/day i.p. remained effective when administered once daily and for only 4 days. Moreover, BCX4430 dosed at 200 mg/kg/day i.p. BID for 7 days effectively treated YF, even when treatment was delayed up to 4 days after virus challenge, corresponding with peak viral titers in the liver and serum. BCX4430 treatment did not preclude a protective antibody response, as higher neutralizing antibody (nAb) concentrations corresponded with increasing delays of treatment initiation, and greater nAb responses resulted in the protection of animals from a secondary challenge with YFV. In summary, BCX4430 is highly active in a hamster model of YF, even when treatment is initiated at the peak of viral replication.
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21
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Tretyakova I, Nickols B, Hidajat R, Jokinen J, Lukashevich IS, Pushko P. Plasmid DNA initiates replication of yellow fever vaccine in vitro and elicits virus-specific immune response in mice. Virology 2014; 468-470:28-35. [PMID: 25129436 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) causes an acute hemorrhagic fever disease in tropical Africa and Latin America. To develop a novel experimental YF vaccine, we applied iDNA infectious clone technology. The iDNA represents plasmid that encodes the full-length RNA genome of 17D vaccine downstream from a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. The vaccine was designed to transcribe the full-length viral RNA and to launch 17D vaccine virus in vitro and in vivo. Transfection with 10 ng of iDNA plasmid was sufficient to start replication of vaccine virus in vitro. Safety of the parental 17D and iDNA-derived 17D viruses was confirmed in AG129 mice deficient in receptors for IFN-α/β/γ. Finally, direct vaccination of BALB/c mice with a single 20 μg dose of iDNA plasmid resulted in seroconversion and elicitation of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in animals. We conclude that iDNA immunization approach combines characteristics of DNA and attenuated vaccines and represents a promising vaccination strategy for YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Brian Nickols
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jenny Jokinen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
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22
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Julander JG, Thibodeaux BA, Morrey JD, Roehrig JT, Blair CD. Humanized monoclonal antibody 2C9-cIgG has enhanced efficacy for yellow fever prophylaxis and therapy in an immunocompetent animal model. Antiviral Res 2014; 103:32-8. [PMID: 24393669 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) causes significant human disease and mortality in tropical regions of South and Central America and Africa, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. No specific therapy for YF is available. We previously showed that the humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2C9-cIgG provided prophylactic and therapeutic protection from mortality in interferon receptor-deficient strain AG129 mice challenged with YF 17D-204 vaccine. In this study we tested the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of this MAb against virulent YFV infection in an immunocompetent hamster model. Intraperitoneal (ip) administration of a single dose of MAb 2C9-cIgG 24h prior to YFV challenge resulted in significantly improved survival rates in animals treated with 380 or 38 μg of MAb compared to untreated animals. Treatment with the higher dose also resulted in significantly improved weight gain and reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and virus titers in serum and liver. Prophylactic treatment with 2C9-cIgG 24h prior to virus challenge prevented the development of a virus-neutralizing antibody (vnAb) response in hamsters. Administration of a single ip dose of 380 μg of 2C9-cIgG as late as 72 h post-YFV challenge also resulted in significant improvement in survival rates. Hamsters treated at 4-72 h post-virus challenge developed a robust vnAb response. Enhanced survival and improvement of various disease parameters in the hamster model when MAb 2C9-cIgG is administered up to 3 days after virus challenge demonstrate the clinical potential of specific antibody therapy for YF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Julander
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Brett A Thibodeaux
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA; Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - John D Morrey
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - John T Roehrig
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Debing Y, Jochmans D, Neyts J. Intervention strategies for emerging viruses: use of antivirals. Curr Opin Virol 2013; 3:217-24. [PMID: 23562753 PMCID: PMC7102692 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Today, small molecule antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of infections with herpesviruses, HIV, HBV and HCV as well as with influenza viruses. Ribavirin, a broad-spectrum (but aspecific) antiviral, has been approved for the treatment of infections with respiratory syncytial virus, HCV and Lassa virus. Yet, for many other viruses that cause life-threatening infections [most of which are considered emerging and/or neglected] there are no drugs available. Ideally, potent and broad-spectrum (i.e., pan-genus or pan-family virus activity) antiviral drugs should be developed whereby one drug could be used for the treatment of a number of such viral infections. We here review recent evolutions in the search for inhibitors of emerging and neglected RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Debing
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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