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Szabó D, Crowe A, Mamotte C, Strappe P. Natural products as a source of Coronavirus entry inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1353971. [PMID: 38449827 PMCID: PMC10915212 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant and lasting impact on the world. Four years on, despite the existence of effective vaccines, the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants remains a challenge for long-term immunity. Additionally, there remain few purpose-built antivirals to protect individuals at risk of severe disease in the event of future coronavirus outbreaks. A promising mechanism of action for novel coronavirus antivirals is the inhibition of viral entry. To facilitate entry, the coronavirus spike glycoprotein interacts with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on respiratory epithelial cells. Blocking this interaction and consequently viral replication may be an effective strategy for treating infection, however further research is needed to better characterize candidate molecules with antiviral activity before progressing to animal studies and clinical trials. In general, antiviral drugs are developed from purely synthetic compounds or synthetic derivatives of natural products such as plant secondary metabolites. While the former is often favored due to the higher specificity afforded by rational drug design, natural products offer several unique advantages that make them worthy of further study including diverse bioactivity and the ability to work synergistically with other drugs. Accordingly, there has recently been a renewed interest in natural product-derived antivirals in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides a summary of recent research into coronavirus entry inhibitors, with a focus on natural compounds derived from plants, honey, and marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Szabó
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Andrew Crowe
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Cyril Mamotte
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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Di Marino D, Conflitti P, Motta S, Limongelli V. Structural basis of dimerization of chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6439. [PMID: 37833254 PMCID: PMC10575954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are prominent drug targets responsible for extracellular-to-intracellular signal transduction. GPCRs can form functional dimers that have been poorly characterized so far. Here, we show the dimerization mechanism of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 by means of an advanced free-energy technique named coarse-grained metadynamics. Our results reproduce binding events between the GPCRs occurring in the minute timescale, revealing a symmetric and an asymmetric dimeric structure for each of the three investigated systems, CCR5/CCR5, CXCR4/CXCR4, and CCR5/CXCR4. The transmembrane helices TM4-TM5 and TM6-TM7 are the preferred binding interfaces for CCR5 and CXCR4, respectively. The identified dimeric states differ in the access to the binding sites of the ligand and G protein, indicating that dimerization may represent a fine allosteric mechanism to regulate receptor activity. Our study offers structural basis for the design of ligands able to modulate the formation of CCR5 and CXCR4 dimers and in turn their activity, with therapeutic potential against HIV, cancer, and immune-inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences - New York-Marche Structural Biology Centre (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Neuronal Death and Neuroprotection Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Conflitti
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Motta
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Via G. Buffi 13, CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland.
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Ugwu-Korie N, Quaye O, Wright E, Languon S, Agyapong O, Broni E, Gupta Y, Kempaiah P, Kwofie SK. Structure-Based Identification of Natural-Product-Derived Compounds with Potential to Inhibit HIV-1 Entry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020474. [PMID: 36677538 PMCID: PMC9865492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are potent in neutralizing a wide range of HIV strains. VRC01 is a CD4-binding-site (CD4-bs) class of bNAbs that binds to the conserved CD4-binding region of HIV-1 envelope (env) protein. Natural products that mimic VRC01 bNAbs by interacting with the conserved CD4-binding regions may serve as a new generation of HIV-1 entry inhibitors by being broadly reactive and potently neutralizing. This study aimed to identify compounds that mimic VRC01 by interacting with the CD4-bs of HIV-1 gp120 and thereby inhibiting viral entry into target cells. Libraries of purchasable natural products were virtually screened against clade A/E recombinant 93TH057 (PDB: 3NGB) and clade B (PDB ID: 3J70) HIV-1 env protein. Protein-ligand interaction profiling from molecular docking and dynamics simulations showed that the compounds had intermolecular hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions with conserved amino acid residues on the CD4-binding site of recombinant clade A/E and clade B HIV-1 gp120. Four potential lead compounds, NP-005114, NP-008297, NP-007422, and NP-007382, were used for cell-based antiviral infectivity inhibition assay using clade B (HXB2) env pseudotype virus (PV). The four compounds inhibited the entry of HIV HXB2 pseudotype viruses into target cells at 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 15.2 µM (9.7 µg/mL), 10.1 µM (7.5 µg/mL), 16.2 µM (12.7 µg/mL), and 21.6 µM (12.9 µg/mL), respectively. The interaction of these compounds with critical residues of the CD4-binding site of more than one clade of HIV gp120 and inhibition of HIV-1 entry into the target cell demonstrate the possibility of a new class of HIV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Ugwu-Korie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
| | - Edward Wright
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Sylvester Languon
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
- Cellular and Molecular Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Odame Agyapong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Broni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Yash Gupta
- Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 54, Ghana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 77, Ghana
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +233203797922
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Implications of Fragment-Based Drug Discovery in Tuberculosis and HIV. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111415. [PMID: 36422545 PMCID: PMC9692459 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem and the emergence of HIV has further worsened it. Long chemotherapy and the emergence of drug-resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well as HIV has aggravated the problem. This demands urgent the need to develop new anti-tuberculosis and antiretrovirals to treat TB and HIV. The lack of diversity in drugs designed using traditional approaches is a major disadvantage and limits the treatment options. Therefore, new technologies and approaches are required to solve the current issues and enhance the production of drugs. Interestingly, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has gained an advantage over high-throughput screenings as FBDD has enabled rapid and efficient progress to develop potent small molecule compounds that specifically bind to the target. Several potent inhibitor compounds of various targets have been developed using FBDD approach and some of them are under progression to clinical trials. In this review, we emphasize some of the important targets of mycobacteria and HIV. We also discussed about the target-based druggable molecules that are identified using the FBDD approach, use of these druggable molecules to identify novel binding sites on the target and assays used to evaluate inhibitory activities of these identified druggable molecules on the biological activity of the targets.
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Urvashi, Senthil Kumar JB, Das P, Tandon V. Development of Azaindole-Based Frameworks as Potential Antiviral Agents and Their Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6454-6495. [PMID: 35477274 PMCID: PMC9063994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The azaindole (AI) framework continues to play a significant role in the design of new antiviral agents. Modulating the position and isosteric replacement of the nitrogen atom of AI analogs notably influences the intrinsic physicochemical properties of lead compounds. The intra- and intermolecular interactions of AI derivatives with host receptors or viral proteins can also be fine tuned by carefully placing the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic core. This wide-ranging perspective article focuses on AIs that have considerable utility in drug discovery programs against RNA viruses. The inhibition of influenza A, human immunodeficiency, respiratory syncytial, neurotropic alpha, dengue, ebola, and hepatitis C viruses by AI analogs is extensively reviewed to assess their plausible future potential in antiviral drug discovery. The binding interaction of AIs with the target protein is examined to derive a structural basis for designing new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - J. B. Senthil Kumar
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute
of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Special Centre for
Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110
067, India
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Patil SM, Asgaonkar KD, Bakhle B, Abhang K, Khater A, Singh M, Chitre TS. In search of HIV entry inhibitors using molecular docking, ADME and toxicity studies of some Thiazolidinone-Pyrazine derivatives against CXCR4 co-receptor. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:152-162. [PMID: 35156573 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220214123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entry inhibitors prevent binding of human immunodeficiency virus protein to the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and are used along with conventional anti-HIV therapy. They aid in restoring immunity and can prevent the development of HIV-TB co-infection. AIM In the present study various thiazolidinone-pyrazine derivatives earlier studied for NNRT inhibition activity were gauged for their entry inhibitor potential. OBJECTIVE Objective of the study is to perform molecular docking, ADME, toxicity studies of some Thiazolidinone-Pyrazine Derivatives as entry inhibitors targeting CXCR4 co-receptors. METHODS In-silico docking studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software and compounds were further studied for ADME and toxicity using SwissADME and pkCSM software respectively. RESULTS Taking into consideration the docking results, pharmacokinetic behaviour and toxicity profile four molecules (compound 1, 9, 11 and 16) have shown potential as entry inhibitors. CONCLUSION These compounds have shown potential as both NNRTI and entry inhibitors and hence can be used in management of immune compromised diseases like TB-HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital M Patil
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
| | | | | | | | - Ayush Khater
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
| | - Muskan Singh
- AISSMS College of Pharmacy, Kennedy Road, Pune-01, India
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Berger K, Pauwels E, Parkinson G, Landberg G, Le T, Demillo VG, Lumangtad LA, Jones DE, Islam MA, Olsen R, Kapri T, Intasiri A, Vermeire K, Rhost S, Bell TW. Reduction of Progranulin-Induced Breast Cancer Stem Cell Propagation by Sortilin-Targeting Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) Compounds. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12865-12876. [PMID: 34428050 PMCID: PMC10501753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) compounds selectively down-modulate two human proteins of potential therapeutic interest, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and sortilin. Progranulin is secreted from some breast cancer cells, causing dedifferentiation of receiving cancer cells and cancer stem cell proliferation. Inhibition of progranulin binding to sortilin, its main receptor, can block progranulin-induced metastatic breast cancer using a triple-negative in vivo xenograft model. In the current study, seven CADA compounds (CADA, VGD020, VGD071, TL020, TL023, LAL014, and DJ010) were examined for reduction of cellular sortilin expression and progranulin-induced breast cancer stem cell propagation. In addition, inhibition of progranulin-induced mammosphere formation was examined and found to be most significant for TL020, TL023, VGD071, and LAL014. Full experimental details are given for the synthesis and characterization of the four new compounds (TL020, TL023, VGD071, and DJ010). Comparison of solubilities, potencies, and cytotoxicities identified VGD071 as a promising candidate for future studies using mouse breast cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Berger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Pauwels
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Parkinson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Truc Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Violeta G Demillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Liezel A Lumangtad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Nanosyn, 3100 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Dylan E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Md Azizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Ryan Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Topprasad Kapri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Amarawan Intasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Rhost
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas W Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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The Methanolic Extract of Perilla frutescens Robustly Restricts Ebola Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091793. [PMID: 34578374 PMCID: PMC8473196 DOI: 10.3390/v13091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), one of the most infectious human viruses and a leading cause of viral hemorrhagic fever, imposes a potential public health threat with several recent outbreaks. Despite the difficulties associated with working with this pathogen in biosafety level-4 containment, a protective vaccine and antiviral therapeutic were recently approved. However, the high mortality rate of EBOV infection underscores the necessity to continuously identify novel antiviral strategies to help expand the scope of prophylaxis/therapeutic management against future outbreaks. This includes identifying antiviral agents that target EBOV entry, which could improve the management of EBOV infection. Herein, using EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-pseudotyped particles, we screened a panel of natural medicinal extracts, and identified the methanolic extract of Perilla frutescens (PFME) as a robust inhibitor of EBOV entry. We show that PFME dose-dependently impeded EBOV GP-mediated infection at non-cytotoxic concentrations, and exerted the most significant antiviral activity when both the extract and the pseudoparticles are concurrently present on the host cells. Specifically, we demonstrate that PFME could block viral attachment and neutralize the cell-free viral particles. Our results, therefore, identified PFME as a potent inhibitor of EBOV entry, which merits further evaluation for development as a therapeutic strategy against EBOV infection.
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Peptide Derivatives of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Inhibit Cell-Associated Spread of Human Cytomegalovirus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091780. [PMID: 34578361 PMCID: PMC8473290 DOI: 10.3390/v13091780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can be inhibited by a soluble form of the cellular HCMV-receptor PDGFRα, resembling neutralization by antibodies. The cell-associated growth of recent HCMV isolates, however, is resistant against antibodies. We investigated whether PDGFRα-derivatives can inhibit this transmission mode. A protein containing the extracellular PDGFRα-domain and 40-mer peptides derived therefrom were tested regarding the inhibition of the cell-associated HCMV strain Merlin-pAL1502, hits were validated with recent isolates, and the most effective peptide was modified to increase its potency. The modified peptide was further analyzed regarding its mode of action on the virion level. While full-length PDGFRα failed to inhibit HCMV isolates, three peptides significantly reduced virus growth. A 30-mer version of the lead peptide (GD30) proved even more effective against the cell-free virus, and this effect was HCMV-specific and depended on the viral glycoprotein O. In cell-associated spread, GD30 reduced both the number of transferred particles and their penetration. This effect was reversible after peptide removal, which allowed the synchronized analysis of particle transfer, showing that two virions per hour were transferred to neighboring cells and one virion was sufficient for infection. In conclusion, PDGFRα-derived peptides are novel inhibitors of the cell-associated spread of HCMV and facilitate the investigation of this transmission mode.
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Shin YH, Park CM, Yoon CH. An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Antiretroviral Drugs: General Principles and Current Status. Infect Chemother 2021; 53:29-45. [PMID: 34409780 PMCID: PMC8032919 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can prolong a patient's life-span by disrupting pivotal steps in the replication cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). However, drug resistance is emerging as a major problem worldwide due to the prolonged period of treatment undergone by HIV-1 patients. Since the approval of zidovudine in 1987, over thirty antiretroviral drugs have been categorized into the following six distinct classes based on their biological function and resistance profiles: (1) nucleoside analog reverse-transcriptase inhibitors; (2) non–nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; (3) integrase strand transferase inhibitors; (4) protease inhibitors; (5) fusion inhibitors; and (6) co-receptor antagonists. Additionally, several antiretroviral drugs have been developed recently, such as a long active drug, humanized antibody and pro-drug metabolized into an active form in the patient's body. Although plenty of antiretroviral drugs are beneficially used to treat patients with HIV-1, the ongoing efforts to develop antiretroviral drugs have overcome the drug resistances, adverse effects, and limited adherence of drugs observed in previous drugs to some extent. Furthermore, studies focused on agents targeting latent HIV-1 reservoirs should be strengthened, as that may lead to eradication of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Shin
- Division of Chronic Viral Disease Research, Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Yoon
- Division of Chronic Viral Disease Research, Center for Emerging Virus Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Korea.
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Ito K, Okumura A, Takeuchi JS, Watashi K, Inoue R, Yamauchi T, Sakamoto K, Yamashita Y, Iguchi Y, Une M, Wakita T, Umezawa K, Yoneda M. Dual Agonist of Farnesoid X Receptor and Takeda G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. Hepatology 2021; 74:83-98. [PMID: 33434356 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic HBV infection is a major health problem worldwide. Currently, the first-line treatment for HBV is nucleos(t)ide analogs or interferons; however, efficient therapeutic approaches that enable cure are lacking. Therefore, anti-HBV agents with mechanisms distinct from those of current drugs are needed. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) was previously identified as an HBV receptor that is inhibited by several compounds. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation also inhibits NTCP function. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of bile acid (BA) derivatives-namely obeticholic acid (OCA), 6α-ethyl-24-nor-5β-cholane-3α,7α,23-triol-23 sulfate sodium salt (INT-767; a dual agonist of FXR and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor [TGR5]), and 6α-ethyl-23(S)-methyl-cholic acid (INT-777; a TGR5 agonist)-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-(3'-carboxy-2-chlorostilben-4-yl)oxymethyl-5-isopropylisoxazole (GW4064; a FXR agonist), cyclosporin A, and irbesartan. OCA and INT-777 suppressed HBV infection in HepG2-human NTCP-C4 cells. Interestingly, INT-767 showed potent inhibition by attaching to HBV particles rather than binding to NTCP. As an entry inhibitor, INT-767 was stronger than various natural BAs. Furthermore, in chimeric mice with humanized liver, INT-767 markedly delayed the initial rise of HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA and reduced covalently closed circular DNA. The strong inhibitory effect of INT-767 may be due to the cumulative effect of its ability to inhibit the entry of HBV and to stimulate FXR downstream signaling, which affects the postentry step. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that BA derivatives, particularly INT-767, are prospective candidate anti-HBV agents. Clarifying the underlying mechanisms of BA derivatives would facilitate the development of anti-HBV agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoaki Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinori Okumura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Taeko Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Yusuke Iguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Mizuho Une
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Kure, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine Screening, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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12
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Laib Sampaio K, Lutz C, Engels R, Stöhr D, Sinzger C. Selection of Human Cytomegalovirus Mutants with Resistance against PDGFRα-Derived Entry Inhibitors. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061094. [PMID: 34201364 PMCID: PMC8229732 DOI: 10.3390/v13061094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects fibroblasts via an interaction of its envelope glycoprotein gO with the cellular platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), and soluble derivatives of this receptor can inhibit viral entry. We aimed to select mutants with resistance against PDGFRα-Fc and the PDGFRα-derived peptides GT40 and IK40 to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms and determine the genetic barrier to resistance. An error-prone variant of strain AD169 was propagated in the presence of inhibitors, cell cultures were monitored weekly for signs of increased viral growth, and selected viruses were tested regarding their sensitivity to the inhibitor. Resistant virus was analyzed by DNA sequencing, candidate mutations were transferred into AD169 clone pHB5 by seamless mutagenesis, and reconstituted virus was again tested for loss of sensitivity by dose-response analyses. An S48Y mutation in gO was identified that conferred a three-fold loss of sensitivity against PDGFRα-Fc, a combination of mutations in gO, gH, gB and gN reduced sensitivity to GT40 by factor 4, and no loss of sensitivity occurred with IK40. The resistance-conferring mutations support the notion that PDGFRα-Fc and GT40 perturb the interaction of gO with its receptor, but the relatively weak effect indicates a high genetic barrier to resistance.
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Ruiz-Santaquiteria M, Illescas BM, Abdelnabi R, Boonen A, Mills A, Martí-Marí O, Noppen S, Neyts J, Schols D, Gago F, San-Félix A, Camarasa MJ, Martín N. Multivalent Tryptophan- and Tyrosine-Containing [60]Fullerene Hexa-Adducts as Dual HIV and Enterovirus A71 Entry Inhibitors. Chemistry 2021; 27:10700-10710. [PMID: 33851758 PMCID: PMC8361981 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented 3D hexa‐adducts of [60]fullerene peripherally decorated with twelve tryptophan (Trp) or tyrosine (Tyr) residues have been synthesized. Studies on the antiviral activity of these novel compounds against HIV and EV71 reveal that they are much more potent against HIV and equally active against EV71 than the previously described dendrimer prototypes AL‐385 and AL‐463, which possess the same number of Trp/Tyr residues on the periphery but attached to a smaller and more flexible pentaerythritol core. These results demonstrate the relevance of the globular 3D presentation of the peripheral groups (Trp/Tyr) as well as the length of the spacer connecting them to the central core to interact with the viral envelopes, particularly in the case of HIV, and support the hypothesis that [60]fullerene can be an alternative and attractive biocompatible carbon‐based scaffold for this type of highly symmetrical dendrimers. In addition, the functionalized fullerenes here described, which display twelve peripheral negatively charged indole moieties on their globular surface, define a new and versatile class of compounds with a promising potential in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz-Santaquiteria
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz M Illescas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Boonen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Mills
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y Unidad Asociada IQM-UAH, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaia Martí-Marí
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), IQM-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sam Noppen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federico Gago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y Unidad Asociada IQM-UAH, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana San-Félix
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), IQM-CSIC, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Feldmann S, Grimm I, Stöhr D, Antonini C, Lischka P, Sinzger C, Stegmann C. Targeted mutagenesis on PDGFRα-Fc identifies amino acid modifications that allow efficient inhibition of HCMV infection while abolishing PDGF sequestration. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009471. [PMID: 33780515 PMCID: PMC8031885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) serves as an entry receptor for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and soluble PDGFRα-Fc can neutralize HCMV at a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of about 10 ng/ml. While this indicates a potential for usage as an HCMV entry inhibitor PDGFRα-Fc can also bind the physiological ligands of PDGFRα (PDGFs), which likely interferes with the respective signaling pathways and represents a potential source of side effects. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that interference with PDGF signaling can be prevented by mutations in PDGFRα-Fc or combinations thereof, without losing the inhibitory potential for HCMV. To this aim, a targeted mutagenesis approach was chosen. The mutations were quantitatively tested in biological assays for interference with PDGF-dependent signaling as well as inhibition of HCMV infection and biochemically for reduced affinity to PDGF-BB, facilitating quantification of PDGFRα-Fc selectivity for HCMV inhibition. Mutation of Ile 139 to Glu and Tyr 206 to Ser strongly reduced the affinity for PDGF-BB and hence interference with PDGF-dependent signaling. Inhibition of HCMV infection was less affected, thus increasing the selectivity by factor 4 and 8, respectively. Surprisingly, the combination of these mutations had an additive effect on binding of PDGF-BB but not on inhibition of HCMV, resulting in a synergistic 260fold increase of selectivity. In addition, a recently reported mutation, Val 242 to Lys, was included in the analysis. PDGFRα-Fc with this mutation was fully effective at blocking HCMV entry and had a drastically reduced affinity for PDGF-BB. Combining Val 242 to Lys with Ile 139 to Glu and/or Tyr 206 to Ser further reduced PDGF ligand binding beyond detection. In conclusion, this targeted mutagenesis approach identified combinations of mutations in PDGFRα-Fc that prevent interference with PDGF-BB but maintain inhibition of HCMV, which qualifies such mutants as candidates for the development of HCMV entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Feldmann
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Stöhr
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Antonini
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Peter Lischka
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christian Sinzger
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSi); (CSt)
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail: (CSi); (CSt)
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15
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Bruxelle JF, Trattnig N, Mureithi MW, Landais E, Pantophlet R. HIV-1 Entry and Prospects for Protecting against Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020228. [PMID: 33499233 PMCID: PMC7911371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) establishes a latent viral reservoir soon after infection, which poses a major challenge for drug treatment and curative strategies. Many efforts are therefore focused on blocking infection. To this end, both viral and host factors relevant to the onset of infection need to be considered. Given that HIV-1 is most often transmitted mucosally, strategies designed to protect against infection need to be effective at mucosal portals of entry. These strategies need to contend also with cell-free and cell-associated transmitted/founder (T/F) virus forms; both can initiate and establish infection. This review will discuss how insight from the current model of HIV-1 mucosal transmission and cell entry has highlighted challenges in developing effective strategies to prevent infection. First, we examine key viral and host factors that play a role in transmission and infection. We then discuss preventive strategies based on antibody-mediated protection, with emphasis on targeting T/F viruses and mucosal immunity. Lastly, we review treatment strategies targeting viral entry, with focus on the most clinically advanced entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Bruxelle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Nino Trattnig
- Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marianne W. Mureithi
- KAVI—Institute of Clinical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box, Nairobi 19676–00202, Kenya;
| | - Elise Landais
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ralph Pantophlet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.-F.B.); (R.P.)
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16
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Falanga A, Del Genio V, Galdiero S. Peptides and Dendrimers: How to Combat Viral and Bacterial Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:101. [PMID: 33466852 PMCID: PMC7830367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming growth of antimicrobial resistance and recent viral pandemic events have enhanced the need for novel approaches through innovative agents that are mainly able to attach to the external layers of bacteria and viruses, causing permanent damage. Antimicrobial molecules are potent broad-spectrum agents with a high potential as novel therapeutics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides, cell penetrating peptides, and antiviral peptides play a major role, and have been suggested as promising solutions. Furthermore, dendrimers are to be considered as suitable macromolecules for the development of advanced nanosystems that are able to complement the typical properties of dendrimers with those of peptides. This review focuses on the description of nanoplatforms constructed with peptides and dendrimers, and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via dell’Università 100, 80100 Portici, Italy
| | - Valentina Del Genio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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17
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Syntheses and anti-HIV and human cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) down-modulating potencies of pyridine-fused cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115816. [PMID: 33181479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CADA compounds selectively down-modulate human cell-surface CD4 protein and are of interest as HIV entry inhibitors and as drugs for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and some cancers. Postulating that fusing a pyridine ring bearing hydrophobic substituents into the macrocyclic scaffold of CADA compounds may lead to potent compounds with improved properties, 17 macrocycles were synthesized, 14 with 12-membered rings having an isobutylene head group, two arenesulfonyl side arms, and fused pyridine rings bearing a para substituent. The analogs display a wide range of CD4 down-modulating and anti-HIV potencies, including some with greater potency than CADA, proving that a highly basic nitrogen atom in the 12-membered ring is not required for potency and that hydrophobic substituents enhance potency of pyridine-fused CADA compounds. Cytotoxicities of the new compounds compared favorably with those of CADA, showing that incorporation of a pyridine ring into the macrocyclic scaffold can produce selective compounds for potently down-modulating proteins of medicinal interest.
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18
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Abstract
There is a large global unmet need for effective countermeasures to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of novel antiviral drugs is expensive and too slow to meet the immediate need. The repurposing of drugs that are approved or are under advanced clinical investigation provides a cost- and time-effective therapeutic solution. This review summarizes the major repurposed approaches that have been proposed or are already being studied in clinical trials for COVID-19. Among these approaches are drugs that aim to reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting either viral enzymatic functions or cellular factors required for the viral life cycle. Drugs that modulate the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by boosting it to enhance viral clearance or by suppressing it to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue injury represent another category. Lastly, we discuss means to discover repurposed drugs and the ongoing challenges associated with the off-label use of existing drugs in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirle Saul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm
L127, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and
Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford
University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building, Rm
L127, Stanford, California 94305, United
States
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19
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Li Z, Wang X, Lin Y, Wang Y, Wu S, Xia K, Xu C, Ma H, Zheng J, Luo L, Zhu F, He S, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of pyrrolidine based CXCR4 antagonists with in vivo anti-tumor metastatic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112537. [PMID: 32768738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been proposed as a drug target based on its important functions in HIV infection, inflammation/autoimmune diseases and cancer metastasis. Herein we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel CXCR4 antagonists based on a pyrrolidine scaffold. The structural exploration/optimization identified numerous potent CXCR4 antagonists, represented by compound 46, which displayed potent binding affinity to CXCR4 receptor (IC50 = 79 nM competitively displacing fluorescent 12G5 antibody) and inhibited CXCL12 induced cytosolic calcium flux (IC50 = 0.25 nM). Moreover, in a transwell invasion assay, compound 46 significantly mitigated CXCL12/CXCR4 mediated cell migration. Compound 46 exhibited good physicochemical properties (MW 367, logD7.4 1.12, pKa 8.2) and excellent in vitro safety profiles (e.g., hERG patch clamp IC50 > 30 μM and minimal CYP isozyme inhibition). Importantly, 46 displayed much improved metabolic stability in human and rat liver microsomes. Lastly, 46 demonstrated marked efficacy in a cancer metastasis model in mice. These results strongly support 46 as a prototypical lead for the development of promising CXCR4 antagonists as clinical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Kaijiang Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Chen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Lusong Luo
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Fang Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sudan He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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20
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Lin Y, Li Z, Ma H, Wang Y, Wang X, Song S, Zhao L, Wu S, Tian S, Fu C, Luo L, Zhu F, He S, Zheng J, Zhang X. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel CXCR4 Antagonists Featuring Cyclic Amines. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1150-1162. [PMID: 32391652 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its natural ligand CXCL12 (also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1, or SDF-1) regulate a broad range of physiological functions. Dysregulation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in numerous pathological conditions such as HIV infection, inflammation and cancer. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel CXCR4 antagonists based on cyclic amine scaffolds. Compound 24 was identified as a potent CXCR4 receptor antagonist (competitive inhibition of 12G5 binding, IC50 =24 nM; functional inhibition of CXCL12-induced cytosolic calcium increase, IC50 =0.1 nM). In addition, compound 24 potently inhibited cell migration in CXCR4/CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis in a matrigel invasion assay. The absolute configuration of compound 24 was elucidated by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lusong Luo
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sudan He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medial College, Beijing, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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21
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A boost to the antiviral activity: Cholesterol tagged peptides derived from glycoprotein B of Herpes Simplex virus type I. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:882-893. [PMID: 32569683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Conformational changes of viral glycoproteins govern the fusion of viral and cellular membranes in the entry of enveloped viruses. Peptides mimicking domains of viral glycoproteins are apt to interfere with the fusion event, likely hampering the conformational rearrangements from the pre- to the post-fusion structures. We previously developed a peptide sequence with a high potential to inhibit the entry of herpes simplex type 1, which was able to trap glycoprotein B at an intermediate stage, arresting fusion. We propose that similarly to other viruses, membrane targeting through cholesterol conjugation may potently block fusion. The peptide conjugated to polyethylenglycol and cholesterol interacts with viral and cell membranes thanks to the presence of cholesterol and blocks the conformational rearrangements of the glycoprotein B. Here, we also probed the effect of the linker (polyethylenglycol) length on the activity. By targeting the peptide gBh1m to the membranes where fusion occurs and by engineering sequences with increased binding affinity for gB we have enhanced the antiviral potency of our prototype inhibitors. Our results provide proof of concept for the application of cholesterol tagging to develop inhibitors of HSV-1.
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22
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Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel CXCR4 antagonists based on an aminoquinoline template. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103824. [PMID: 32334192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been explored as a drug target due to its involvement in pathological conditions such as HIV infection and cancer metastasis. Here we report the structure-activity relationship study of novel CXCR4 antagonists based on an aminoquinoline template. This template is devoid of the chiral center in the classical tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) ring moiety and therefore can be easily synthesized. A number of potent CXCR4 antagonists were identified, exemplified by compound 3, which demonstrated excellent binding affinity with CXCR4 receptor (IC50 = 57 nM) and inhibited CXCL12 induced cytosolic calcium increase (IC50 = 0.24 nM). Furthermore, compound 3 potently inhibited CXLC12/CXCR4 mediated cell migration in a transwell invasion assay. The simplified synthetic approach combined with good physicochemical properties (e.g. MW 362, clogP 2.1, PSA 48, pKa 7.0 for compound 3) demonstrate the potential of this aminoquinoline template as a novel scaffold to develop CXCR4 antagonists.
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23
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Torretta S, Colombo G, Travelli C, Boumya S, Lim D, Genazzani AA, Grolla AA. The Cytokine Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT; PBEF; Visfatin) Acts as a Natural Antagonist of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CCR5). Cells 2020; 9:cells9020496. [PMID: 32098202 PMCID: PMC7072806 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltrasferase (eNAMPT) is released by various cell types with pro-tumoral and pro-inflammatory properties. In cancer, eNAMPT regulates tumor growth through the activation of intracellular pathways, suggesting that it acts through a putative receptor, although its nature is still elusive. It has been shown, using surface plasma resonance, that eNAMPT binds to the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), although the physiological meaning of this finding is unknown. The aim of the present work was to characterize the pharmacodynamics of eNAMPT on CCR5. (2) Methods: HeLa CCR5-overexpressing stable cell line and B16 melanoma cells were used. We focused on some phenotypic effects of CCR5 activation, such as calcium release and migration, to evaluate eNAMPT actions on this receptor. (3) Results: eNAMPT did not induce ERK activation or cytosolic Ca2+-rises alone. Furthermore, eNAMPT prevents CCR5 internalization mediated by Rantes. eNAMPT pretreatment inhibits CCR5-mediated PKC activation and Rantes-dependent calcium signaling. The effect of eNAMPT on CCR5 was specific, as the responses to ATP and carbachol were unaffected. This was strengthened by the observation that eNAMPT inhibited Rantes-induced Ca2+-rises and Rantes-induced migration in a melanoma cell line. (4) Conclusions: Our work shows that eNAMPT binds to CCR5 and acts as a natural antagonist of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Torretta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sara Boumya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Armando A. Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Ambra A. Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.); (D.L.); (A.A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-375822; Fax: +39-0321-375821
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Figueira TN, Domingues MM, Illien F, Cadima-Couto I, Todorovski T, Andreu D, Sagan S, Castanho MARB, Walrant A, Veiga AS. Enfuvirtide-Protoporphyrin IX Dual-Loaded Liposomes: In Vitro Evidence of Synergy against HIV-1 Entry into Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:224-236. [PMID: 31855415 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a nanocarrier consisting of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) for combined delivery of two human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry inhibitors, enfuvirtide (ENF) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). The intrinsic lipophilicity of ENF and PPIX, a fusion inhibitor and an attachment inhibitor, respectively, leads to their spontaneous incorporation into the lipid bilayer of the LUVs nanocarrier. Both entry inhibitors partition significantly toward LUVs composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and a 9:1 mixture of POPC:1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DPPE-PEG2000), representative of conventional and immune-evasive drug delivery formulations, respectively. These colocalize in the core of lipid membranes. Dual-loaded nanocarriers are monodispersed and retain the size distribution, thermotropic behavior, and surface charge of the unloaded form. Combination of the two entry inhibitors in the nanocarrier resulted in improved synergy against HIV-1 entry compared to combination in free form, strongly when immune-evasive formulations are used. We propose that the improved action of the entry inhibitors when loaded into the nanocarriers results from their slow release at the site of viral entry. Overall, liposomes remain largely unexplored platforms for combination of viral entry inhibitors, with potential for improvement of current antiretroviral therapy drug safety and application. Our work calls for a reappraisal of the potential of entry inhibitor combinations and delivery for clinical use in antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago N. Figueira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco M. Domingues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Françoise Illien
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Iris Cadima-Couto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Toni Todorovski
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Science, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandrine Sagan
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Astrid Walrant
- Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Salomé Veiga
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Structural optimization of aminopyrimidine-based CXCR4 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Fischer K, Nguyen K, LiWang PJ. Griffithsin Retains Anti-HIV-1 Potency with Changes in gp120 Glycosylation and Complements Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies PGT121 and PGT126. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:e01084-19. [PMID: 31611356 PMCID: PMC7187567 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01084-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (Grft) is an antiviral lectin that has been shown to potently inhibit HIV-1 by binding high-mannose N-linked glycosylation sites on HIV-1 gp120. A key factor for Grft potency is glycosylation at N295 of gp120, which is directly adjacent to N332, a target glycan for an entire class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we unify previous work on the importance of other glycans to Grft potency against HIV-1 and Grft's role in mediating the conformational change of gp120 by mutating nearly every glycosylation site in gp120. In addition to a significant loss of Grft activity by the removal of glycosylation at N295, glycan absence at N332 or N448 was found to have moderate effects on Grft potency. Interestingly, in the absence of N295, Grft effectiveness could be improved by a mutation that results in the glycan at N448 shifting to N446, indicating that the importance of individual glycans may be related to their effect on glycosylation density. Grft's ability to alter the structure of gp120, exposing the CD4 binding site, correlated with the presence of glycosylation at N295 only in clade B strains, not clade C strains. We further demonstrate that Grft can rescue the activity of the bNAbs PGT121 and PGT126 in the event of a loss or a shift of glycosylation at N332, where the bNAbs suffer a drastic loss of potency. Despite targeting the same region, Grft in combination with PGT121 and PGT126 produced additive effects. This indicates that Grft could be an important combinational therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Fischer
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
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27
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Alam MM, Kuwata T, Tanaka K, Alam M, Takahama S, Shimura K, Matsuoka M, Fukuda N, Morioka H, Tamamura H, Matsushita S. Synergistic inhibition of cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection by combinations of single chain variable fragments and fusion inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100687. [PMID: 31650039 PMCID: PMC6804516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell spread of HIV permits ongoing viral replication in the presence of antiretroviral therapy and is suggested to be a major contributor to sexual transmission by mucosal routes. Fusion inhibitors that prevent viral entry have been developed, but their clinical applications have been limited by weak antiviral activity, short half-life, and the low genetic barrier to development of resistance. We examined the inhibitory activities of a series of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) targeting the V3 and CD4i epitopes against both cell-free and cell-to-cell HIV infection. We found that all anti-V3 scFvs, including two newly constructed scFvs, showed broad neutralization activity against a panel of subtype B viruses compared with the corresponding IgGs. All scFvs neutralized cell-free infection by HIV-1JR-FL WT and fusion inhibitor-resistant mutants. In addition, all anti-V3 scFvs and some CD4i scFvs significantly inhibited cell fusion, while their IgG counterparts did not. Furthermore, scFvs-fusion inhibitors combinations, such as C34 and SC34, showed synergistic inhibition of cell fusion by both HIV-1JR-FL WT and fusion inhibitor-resistant mutants. The most prominent combinational effect was observed for 916B2 CD4i scFv with SC34. The delayed fusion kinetics of fusion inhibitor-resistant mutants partly explain their synergistic inhibition by such combinations. Our data demonstrate the advantages of using scFvs over their parent IgGs for inhibiting both cell-free and cell-to-cell infection. High synergistic inhibition of cell fusion by using scFvs-fusion inhibitors combinations suggests the possibility of intensification therapy adding this combination to current anti-HIV treatment regimens. Newly constructed anti-V3 scFvs showed broader HIV-1 neutralization activity. HIV-1 cell fusion was inhibited by scFvs better than the corresponding IgGs. Combinations of scFvs with fusion inhibitors synergistically inhibit cell fusion. Combination therapy with scFvs and fusion inhibitors may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mamun Alam
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Kuwata
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanaka
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Muntasir Alam
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokichi Takahama
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimura
- Laboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Natsuki Fukuda
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Analytical and Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Clinical Retrovirology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Manoochehrabadi T, Sharifi Z, Yari F. Role of platelet-derived microparticles in transfer of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to CXCR4-negative cells. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:55. [PMID: 31456979 PMCID: PMC6708106 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Membrane-derived microparticles (PMPs) are produced from platelets during activation, storage, and apoptosis. PMP can transfer some adhesion molecules such as CXCR4 to CXCR4-negative cells. In this study, the ability of PMPs to deliver CXCR4 molecule to CXCR4-null targets (Daudi, K562 and U937 cell line) was evaluated and the different concentrations of PMPs were examined to transfer CXCR4.
Methods: In this experimental study, PMPs were prepared using serial centrifugations. After confirmation of PMP with flow cytometry, PMP concentration was evaluated using the Bradford method. CXCR4-negative cell lines (1×105 cells/ml) were cultured in RPMI1640 with 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic. PMPs in 7 different concentrations were added to cell culture plates and incubated for 1 hour at 37ºc and 5% CO2. The presence of CXCR4 on cells was analyzed by flowcytometry.
Results: In this study, characterization of PMPs and cell lines were done by flow cytometry. Then, the PMPs’ ability to transfer CXCR4 to null cells (Daudi, K562 and U937 cell lines) was evaluated in 7 concentrations (10, 20, 50,125, 250, 500, 1000 μg/mL); incubation lasted for 1 hour. The best result of transferring CXCR4 by PMP was done in the concentration of 250µg/mL.
Conclusion: PMPs in different concentrations can transfer CXCR4 to target cells. Also, the increase of PMPs concentration up to 250µg/mL can increase the CXCR4 presence on null cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Manoochehrabadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Aliyu IA, Ling KH, Md Hashim NF, Lam JY, Chee HY. Annexin II as a Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Interacting Protein Mediating Virus Interaction on Vero Cells. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040335. [PMID: 30970587 PMCID: PMC6520844 DOI: 10.3390/v11040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that dengue virus requires active filopodia formation for a successful infection. However, the cellular factor involved in the interaction has not been fully elucidated. We used a combination of virus overlay protein binding assay and LC-MS/MS, and identified annexin II as a dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2) interacting protein on Vero cells, upon filopodia induction. Flow cytometry analysis showed annexin II on the Vero cells surface increased when DENV2 was added. The amount of annexin II in the plasma membrane fraction was reduced as the infection progressed. Antibody-mediated inhibition of infection and siRNA-mediated knockdown of annexin II expression significantly reduced DENV2 infection and production levels. Collectively, we demonstrated that annexin II is one of the host factor involved in DENV2 binding on Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isah Abubakar Aliyu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Science, College of Health Science, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011 Kano State, Nigeria.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- NeuroBiology & Genetics Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fariesha Md Hashim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Jia-Yong Lam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Charbe NB, Zacconi FC, Amnerkar N, Ramesh B, Tambuwala MM, Clementi E. Bio-analytical Assay Methods used in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antiretroviral Drugs-A Review. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666181217125550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several clinical trials, as well as observational statistics, have exhibited that the advantages of antiretroviral [ARV] treatment for humans with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HIV/AIDS exceed their risks. Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] plays a key role in optimization of ARV therapy. Determination of ARV’s in plasma, blood cells, and other biological matrices frequently requires separation techniques capable of high effectiveness, specific selectivity and high sensitivity. High-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] coupled with ultraviolet [UV], Photodiode array detectors [PDA], Mass spectrophotometer [MS] detectors etc. are the important quantitative techniques used for the estimation of pharmaceuticals in biological samples. </P><P> Objective: This review article is aimed to give an extensive outline of different bio-analytical techniques which have been reported for direct quantitation of ARV’s. This article aimed to establish an efficient role played by the TDM in the optimum therapeutic outcome of the ARV treatment. It also focused on establishing the prominent role played by the separation techniques like HPLC and UPLC along with the detectors like UV and Mass in TDM. </P><P> Methods: TDM is based on the principle that for certain drugs, a close relationship exists between the plasma level of the drug and its clinical effect. TDM is of no value if the relationship does not exist. The analytical methodology employed in TDM should: 1) distinguish similar compounds; 2) be sensitive and precise and 3) is easy to use. </P><P> Results: This review highlights the advancement of the chromatographic techniques beginning from the HPLC-UV to the more advanced technique like UPLC-MS/MS. TDM is essential to ensure adherence, observe viral resistance and to personalize ARV dose regimens. It is observed that the analytical methods like immunoassays and liquid chromatography with detectors like UV, PDA, Florescent, MS, MS/MS and Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS have immensely contributed to the clinical outcome of the ARV therapy. Assay methods are not only helping physicians in limiting the side effects and drug interactions but also assisting in monitoring patient’s compliance. </P><P> Conclusion: The present review revealed that HPLC has been the most widely used system irrespective of the availability of more sensitive chromatographic technique like UPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin B. Charbe
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuna McKenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuna McKenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Nikhil Amnerkar
- Adv V. R. Manohar Institute of Diploma in Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441110, India
| | - B. Ramesh
- Sri Adichunchunagiri University, Sri Adichunchunagiri College of Pharmacy, BG Nagar, Karnataka 571418, India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Universita di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Lin CT, Hsueh PR, Wu SJ, Yao M, Ko BS, Li CC, Hsu CA, Tang JL, Tien HF. Repurposing Nilotinib for Cytomegalovirus Infection Prophylaxis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:2310-2315. [PMID: 30026110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRa) is a critical receptor for cytomegalovirus (CMV) entry into cells, leading to subsequent infection. This trial tested whether PDGFRa inhibition by nilotinib could prevent CMV infection in patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Nilotinib (200 mg/day) was given continuously after engraftment, and plasma CMV DNA levels were monitored weekly. The primary endpoint was successful prophylaxis of CMV infection, defined as plasma CMV DNA copies less than 10,000 copies/mL, no anti-CMV treatment initiated, and no clinical CMV disease by day 100. All 37 enrolled recipients and their donors were CMV seropositive. Thirty patients received matched sibling transplants, 15 received nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, and 15 received antithymocyte globulin as a part of graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. The median interval from transplantation to nilotinib treatment was 23 days, and the median duration of administration was 76 days. None of the 31 assessable patients had nilotinib-associated grade 3/4 adverse events or nilotinib discontinuation. Twenty-five of 31 assessable patients (80.6%) fulfilled the predefined criteria for successful CMV prophylaxis, and none of them had clinical CMV disease. Only 1 of 6 failed patients developed CMV colitis. Nilotinib is well tolerated in allo-HSCT recipients, and its preliminary efficacy results suggest that blocking CMV entry to prevent CMV infection may warrant further exploration. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01252017.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ting Lin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ju Wu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming Yao
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Hematology-Oncology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An Hsu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Luh Tang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Tai-Cheng Stem Cell Therapy Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Schönfelder J, Alonso-Caballero A, De Sancho D, Perez-Jimenez R. The life of proteins under mechanical force. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3558-3573. [PMID: 29473060 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although much of our understanding of protein folding comes from studies of isolated protein domains in bulk, in the cellular environment the intervention of external molecular machines is essential during the protein life cycle. During the past decade single molecule force spectroscopy techniques have been extremely useful to deepen our understanding of these interventional molecular processes, as they allow for monitoring and manipulating mechanochemical events in individual protein molecules. Here, we review some of the critical steps in the protein life cycle, starting with the biosynthesis of the nascent polypeptide chain in the ribosome, continuing with the folding supported by chaperones and the translocation into different cell compartments, and ending with proteolysis in the proteasome. Along these steps, proteins experience molecular forces often combined with chemical transformations, affecting their folding and structure, which are measured or mimicked in the laboratory by the application of force with a single molecule apparatus. These mechanochemical reactions can potentially be used as targets for fighting against diseases. Inspired by these insightful experiments, we devise an outlook on the emerging field of mechanopharmacology, which reflects an alternative paradigm for drug design.
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Han D, Tan J, Zhou Z, Li C, Zhang X, Wang C. Combined topomer CoMFA and hologram QSAR studies of a series of pyrrole derivatives as potential HIV fusion inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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34
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Wang X, Wang J, Zhang W, Li B, Zhu Y, Hu Q, Yang Y, Zhang X, Yan H, Zeng Y. Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry by a Keggin Polyoxometalate. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050265. [PMID: 29772712 PMCID: PMC5977258 DOI: 10.3390/v10050265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) potency and underlying mechanisms of a Keggin polyoxometalate (PT-1, K6HPTi2W10O40). Our findings showed that PT-1 exhibited highly potent effects against a diverse group of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) strains and displayed low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The time-addition assay revealed that PT-1 acted at an early stage of infection, and these findings were supported by the observation that PT-1 had more potency against Env-pseudotyped virus than vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) pseudotyped virus. Surface plasmon resonance binding assays and flow cytometry analysis showed that PT-1 blocked the gp120 binding site in the CD4 receptor. Moreover, PT-1 bound directly to gp41 NHR (N36 peptide), thereby interrupting the core bundle formation of gp41. In conclusion, our data suggested that PT-1 may be developed as a new anti-HIV-1 agent through its effects on entry inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Wenmei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Boye Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yishu Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Yi Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
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35
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Liu W, An X, Wang J, Zhang X, Tan J, Zhou Z, Zeng Y. A novel peptide shows excellent anti-HIV-1 potency as a gp41 fusion inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:910-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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36
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Li Z, Wang Y, Fu C, Wang X, Wang JJ, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Zhao Y, Luo L, Ma H, Lu W, Zheng J, Zhang X. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity-relationship of a novel series of CXCR4 antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:30-44. [PMID: 29494843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The important roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in numerous pathogenic pathways involving HIV infection and cancer metastasis make the CXCR4 receptor an attractive target for the development of therapeutic agents. Through scaffold hybridization of a few known CXCR4 antagonists, a series of novel aminopyrimidine derivatives was developed. Compound 3 from this new scaffold demonstrates excellent binding affinity with CXCR4 receptor (IC50 = 54 nM) and inhibits CXCL12 induced cytosolic calcium increase (IC50 = 2.3 nM). Furthermore, compound 3 possesses good physicochemical properties (MW 353, clogP 2.0, PSA 48, pKa 6.7) and exhibits minimal hERG and CYP isozyme (e.g. 3A4, 2D6) inhibition. Collectively, these results strongly support further optimization of this novel scaffold to develop better CXCR4 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jun Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Dongping Zhou
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Lusong Luo
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Haikuo Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Jiyue Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
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37
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Kim Y, Chang KO. Fexaramine as an entry blocker for feline caliciviruses. Antiviral Res 2018; 152:76-83. [PMID: 29454892 PMCID: PMC7125566 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a small non-enveloped virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of approximately 7.7 kb. FCV is a highly infectious pathogen of cats and typically causes moderate, self-limiting acute oral and upper respiratory tract diseases or chronic oral diseases. In addition, in recent years, virulent, systemic FCV (vs-FCV) strains causing severe systemic diseases with a high mortality rate of up to 67% have been reported in cats. Although FCV vaccines are commercially available, their efficacy is limited due to antigenic diversity of FCV strains and short duration of immunity. In this study, we identified fexaramine as a potent inhibitor of FCV including vs-FCV strains in cell culture and demonstrated that fexaramine is a entry blocker for FCV by using various experiments including time-of-addition studies, generation of resistant viruses in cell culture and the reverse genetics system. A fexaramine resistant FCV mutant has a single amino acid change in the P2 domain of VP1 (the major capsid), and the importance of this mutation for conferring resistance was confirmed using the reverse genetics system. A comparative analysis of viral resistance was also performed using a peptidyl inhibitor (NPI52) targeting FCV 3C-like protease. Finally, the effects of combination treatment of fexaramine and NPI52 against FCV replication and emergence of resistant viruses were investigated in cell culture. Fexaramine inhibits the replication of feline calicivirus in cells as an entry blocker. A single mutation in the capsid protein of FCV confers resistance to fexaramine. Combined treatment of fexaramine and a viral protease inhibitor substantially delays the emergence of virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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38
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Abstract
There
is a large, global unmet need for the development of countermeasures
to combat intracellular pathogens. The development of novel antimicrobials
is expensive and slow and typically focuses on selective inhibition
of proteins encoded by a single pathogen, thereby providing a narrow
spectrum of coverage. The repurposing of approved drugs targeting
host functions required for microbial infections represents a promising
alternative. This review summarizes progress and challenges in the
repurposing of approved drugs as host-targeted broad-spectrum agents
for the treatment of intracellular pathogens. These strategies include
targeting both cellular factors required for infection by various
viruses, intracellular bacteria, and/or protozoa as well as factors
that modulate the host immune response to these microbial infections.
The repurposed approach offers complementary means to develop therapeutics
against existing and emerging intracellular microbial threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford Schor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building Rm L127, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shirit Einav
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Lane Building Rm L127, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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39
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Carravilla P, Nieva JL. HIV antivirals: targeting the functional organization of the lipid envelope. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Most of the surface of the lipid bilayer covering the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle is directly accessible from the aqueous medium. Its peculiar chemical composition and physical properties appear to be critical for infection and, therefore, may comprise a target for selective antiviral activity. The HIV-1 membrane is enriched in raft-type lipids and also displays aminophospholipids on its external leaflet. We contend here that a great deal of membrane-active compounds described to block HIV-1 infection can do so by following a common mechanism of action: alteration of the lateral heterogeneity that supports the functional organization of the lipid envelope. The confirmation of this hypothesis could lay new foundations for the rational development of compounds with anti-HIV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) & Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - José L Nieva
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) & Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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40
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Chen H, Feng W, Wei X, Yang LM, Ruan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Barosh KB, Tran AH, Zhu J, Liang W, Zheng YT, Wang X, Tan Z. O-GalNAcylation of RANTES Improves Its Properties as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry Inhibitor. Biochemistry 2017; 57:136-148. [PMID: 29202246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many human proteins have the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents. However, side effects caused by direct administration of natural proteins have significantly slowed expansion of protein therapeutics into the clinic. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) can improve protein properties, but because of significant knowledge gaps, we are considerably limited in our ability to apply PTMs to generate better protein therapeutics. Here, we seek to fill the gaps by studying the PTMs of a small representative chemotactic cytokine, RANTES. RANTES can inhibit HIV-1 infection by competing with it for binding to receptor CCR5 and stimulating CCR5 endocytosis. Unfortunately, RANTES can induce strong signaling, leading to severe inflammatory side effects. We apply a chemical biology approach to explore the potential of post-translationally modified RANTES as safe inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. We synthesized and systematically tested a library of RANTES isoforms for their ability to inhibit inflammatory signaling and prevent HIV-1 infection of primary human cells. Through this research, we revealed that most of the glycosylated variants have decreased inflammation-associated properties and identified one particular glyco variant, a truncated RANTES containing a Galβ1-3GalNAc disaccharide α-linked to Ser4, which stands out as having the best overall properties: relatively high HIV-1 inhibition potency but also weak inflammatory properties. Moreover, our results provided a structural basis for the observed changes in the properties of RANTES. Taken together, this work highlights the potential importance of glycosylation as an alternative strategy for developing CCR5 inhibitors to treat HIV-1 infection and, more generally, for reducing or eliminating unwanted properties of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Patrick K Chaffey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Xiuli Wei
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yaohao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Kimberly B Barosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Amy H Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jaimie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Zhongping Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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41
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Schor S, Einav S. Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 37:63-69. [PMID: 29148875 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.4033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high cost of drug development and the narrow spectrum of coverage typically provided by direct-acting antivirals limit the scalability of this antiviral approach. This review summarizes progress and challenges in the repurposing of approved kinase inhibitors as host-targeted broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford Schor
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine , Department of Medicine, Stanford, California.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Shirit Einav
- 1 Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine , Department of Medicine, Stanford, California.,2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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42
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Dang Z, Xie H, Zhu L, Zhang Q, Li Z, Huang L, Chen CH. Structure Optimization of Aloperine Derivatives as HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1199-1203. [PMID: 29152054 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a step toward developing novel anti-HIV agents, we have identified a class of quinolizidines, including aloperine, that inhibit HIV at 1-5 μM by blocking viral entry. In this study, we have optimized the structure of aloperine and derived compounds with markedly improved activity. Our structural optimization has yielded an aloperine derivative 19 with approximately a 15-fold increase in anti-HIV-1 activity. Our mechanism of action study reveals that compound 19 does not inhibit binding of HIV-1 to receptors but arrests the virus from fusion with the membrane. Binding of the compound to HIV-1gp120 might be responsible for its anti-HIV-1 entry activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Dang
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Hua Xie
- School
of Dentistry, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Qingye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- College
of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Li Huang
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Chin-Ho Chen
- Department
of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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43
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Targeted microbicides for preventing sexual HIV transmission. J Control Release 2017; 266:119-128. [PMID: 28951320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sexual transmission remains one of the most significant hurdles in the fight against HIV infection. The use of vaginal or rectal microbicides has been proposed for topical pre-exposure prophylaxis but available results from clinical trials of candidate products have been, at best, less than optimal. While waiting for the first product to get regulatory approval, novel approaches are being explored in order to enhance efficacy, as well as to assure safety. Strategies involving specific delivery of antiviral agents to key players involved in the early steps of sexual transmission have the potential to help achieving such purposes. Engineering systems that allow targeting cells, tissues or other biological structures of interest may provide a way to modulate local pharmacokinetics of promising microbicide molecules and, thus, maximize protection. This concise review discusses the identification and use of potential targets for such purpose, while detailing on several examples of targeted systems engineered as potential microbicide candidates. Furthermore, remaining challenges and hints for future work in the field of targeted microbicides are addressed.
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44
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Carravilla P, Cruz A, Martin-Ugarte I, Oar-Arteta IR, Torralba J, Apellaniz B, Pérez-Gil J, Requejo-Isidro J, Huarte N, Nieva JL. Effects of HIV-1 gp41-Derived Virucidal Peptides on Virus-like Lipid Membranes. Biophys J 2017; 113:1301-1310. [PMID: 28797705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion induced by the envelope glycoprotein enables the intracellular replication of HIV-1; hence, this process constitutes a major target for antiretroviral compounds. It has been proposed that peptides having propensity to interact with membrane interfaces might exert broad antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. To test this hypothesis, in this contribution we have analyzed the antiviral effects of peptides derived from the membrane-proximal external region and the transmembrane domain of the envelope glycoprotein subunit gp41, which display different degrees of interfacial hydrophobicity. Our data support the virucidal activity of a region that combines hydrophobic-at-interface membrane-proximal external region aromatics with hydrophobic residues of the transmembrane domain, and contains the absolutely conserved 679LWYIK/R683 sequence, proposed to embody a "cholesterol recognition/interaction amino acid consensus" motif. We further sought to correlate the antiviral activity of these peptides and their effects on membranes that mimic lipid composition and biophysical properties of the viral envelope. The data revealed that peptides endowed with virucidal activity were membrane active and induced permeabilization and fusion of virus-like lipid vesicles. In addition, they modulated lipid packing and miscibility of laterally segregated liquid domains, two properties that depend on the high cholesterol content of the viral membrane. Thus, the overall experimental evidence is consistent with a pattern of HIV inhibition that involves direct alteration of the physical chemistry of the virus membrane. Furthermore, the sequence-dependent effects observed might guide the development of new virucidal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carravilla
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Healthcare Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Martin-Ugarte
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Itziar R Oar-Arteta
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Johanna Torralba
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Beatriz Apellaniz
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Healthcare Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Requejo-Isidro
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nerea Huarte
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
| | - José L Nieva
- Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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45
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Pérez Y, Gómara MJ, Yuste E, Gómez-Gutierrez P, Pérez JJ, Haro I. Structural Study of a New HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor and Interaction with the HIV-1 Fusion Peptide in Dodecylphosphocholine Micelles. Chemistry 2017; 23:11703-11713. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Pérez
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria José Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Eloísa Yuste
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ETSEIB); Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; 08034 Barcelona Spain
- Present address: AIDS Immunopathology Unit; Centro Nacional Microbiología; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; 28029 Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides; IQAC-CSIC; Jordi Girona, 18-26 08034 Barcelona Spain
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46
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Stegmann C, Hochdorfer D, Lieber D, Subramanian N, Stöhr D, Laib Sampaio K, Sinzger C. A derivative of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha binds to the trimer of human cytomegalovirus and inhibits entry into fibroblasts and endothelial cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006273. [PMID: 28403220 PMCID: PMC5389858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widely distributed herpesvirus that causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised hosts. Inhibitors of viral DNA replication are available, but adverse effects limit their use. Alternative antiviral strategies may include inhibition of entry. We show that soluble derivatives of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha), a putative receptor of HCMV, can inhibit HCMV infection of various cell types. A PDGFR-alpha-Fc fusion protein binds to and neutralizes cell-free virus particles at an EC50 of 10–30 ng/ml. Treatment of particles reduced both attachment to and fusion with cells. In line with the latter, PDGFR-alpha-Fc was also effective when applied postattachment. A peptide scan of the extracellular domain of PDGFR-alpha identified a 40mer peptide that inhibits infection at an EC50 of 1–2 nmol/ml. Both, peptide and fusion protein, were effective against various HCMV strains and are hence promising candidates for the development of novel anti-HCMV therapies. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends on expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFR-alpha) for infection of fibroblasts whereas this cell surface protein is not required for infection of endothelial cells. Surprisingly, pretreatment of HCMV with a soluble derivative of PDGFR-alpha prevents infection of both cell types, most probably via specific binding to the trimeric gH/gL/pUL74 complex. While adsorption is inhibited in both cell types, an additional penetration block occurs only in fibroblasts. The finding that an essential molecular interaction of HCMV with fibroblasts can be subverted for inhibition of the virus provides an antiviral strategy that may be hard to circumvent by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Stegmann
- Institute of Virology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Diana Lieber
- Institute of Virology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Stöhr
- Institute of Virology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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47
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Mull ES, Sun LQ, Zhao Q, Eggers B, Pokornowski K, Zhai G, Rajamani R, Jenkins S, Kramer M, Wang YK, Fang H, Tenney D, Baldick CJ, Cockett MI, Meanwell NA, Scola PM. Functionalized triazines as potent HCV entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1089-1093. [PMID: 28089701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of potent and novel acylsulfonamide-bearing triazines were synthesized and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) as HCV entry inhibitors were evaluated. This acylsulfonamide series was derived from an early lead, 4-(4-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropylamino)-6-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylamino)benzoic acid wherein the carboxylic acid was replaced with an acylsulfonamide moiety. This structural modification provided a class of compounds which projected an additional vector off the terminus of the acylsulfonamide functionality as a means to drive activity. This effort led to the discovery of potent analogues within this series that demonstrated sub-nanomolar EC50 values in the HCV pseudotype particle (HCVpp) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Mull
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States.
| | - Li-Qiang Sun
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Betsy Eggers
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Kevin Pokornowski
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Guangzhi Zhai
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Ramkumar Rajamani
- Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Ying-Kai Wang
- Department of Lead Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Lead Evaluation, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Daniel Tenney
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Carl J Baldick
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Mark I Cockett
- Department of Virology Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
| | - Paul M Scola
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States
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Scherrer D, Rouzier R, Cardona M, Barrett PN, Steens JM, Gineste P, Murphy RL, Tazi J, Ehrlich HJ. Randomized Trial of Food Effect on Pharmacokinetic Parameters of ABX464 Administered Orally to Healthy Male Subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01288-16. [PMID: 27799203 PMCID: PMC5192114 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01288-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ABX464 is an antiviral that provides a novel approach to the reduction and control of HIV infection. Investigation of food influence is important in the optimization of treatment. An open-label, food effect, randomized study which included 2 groups of 24 subjects each was carried out to assess the bioavailability and safety of single (group 1) and repeated (group 2) oral doses of ABX464 (50 mg) under fed or fasted conditions. The maximum concentration (Cmax) and the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) of ABX464 were demonstrated to increase with food after a single dose of ABX464 (219% and 188%, respectively). The apparent terminal elimination half-lives (t1/2s) under fed and fasted conditions were comparable, at about 0.80 h. The median time to maximum concentration (Tmax) was delayed from 1.5 to 2.8 h, and the ratio of the AUC0-∞ obtained under fed conditions to the AUC0-∞ obtained under fasted conditions (Frel) was 2.69. Comparable results were obtained on day 1 and day 10 in group 2. The increases in Cmax and AUC0-∞ of the metabolite ABX464-N-glucuronide (ABX464-NGlc) were, however, much more limited when ABX464 was given with food. The t1/2s were also comparable under the two conditions (around 100 h). Between day 1 and day 10, the Cmax increased by 5% under the fasted condition and by 25% under the fed condition. The most common related treatment-emergent adverse events were headaches, vomiting, and nausea. It was concluded that food has a significant impact on the levels of ABX464 in plasma with a delay in absorption and increased relative bioavailability, with a lesser impact on its biotransformation into ABX464-NGlc. ABX464 was well tolerated under both fasted and fed conditions. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02731885.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jamal Tazi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Structure-activity relationship studies on a Trp dendrimer with dual activities against HIV and enterovirus A71. Modifications on the amino acid. Antiviral Res 2016; 139:32-40. [PMID: 28017762 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have recently described a new class of dendrimers with tryptophan (Trp) on the surface that show dual antiviral activities against HIV and EV71 enterovirus. The prototype compound of this family is a pentaerythritol derivative with 12 Trps on the periphery. Here we complete the structure-activity relationship studies of this family to identify key features that might be significant for the antiviral activity. With this aim, novel dendrimers containing different amino acids (aromatic and non-aromatic), tryptamine (a "decarboxylated" analogue of Trp) and N-methyl Trp on the periphery have been prepared. Dendrimer with N-Methyl Trp was the most active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 while dendrimer with tyrosine was endowed with the most potent antiviral activity against EV71. This tyrosine dendrimer proved to inhibit a large panel of EV71 clinical isolates (belonging to different clusters) in the low nanomolar/high picomolar range. In addition, a new synthetic procedure (convergent approach) has been developed for the synthesis of the prototype and some other dendrimers. This convergent approach proved more efficient (higher yields, easier purification) than the divergent approach previously reported.
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Vercauteren K, Brown RJP, Mesalam AA, Doerrbecker J, Bhuju S, Geffers R, Van Den Eede N, McClure CP, Troise F, Verhoye L, Baumert T, Farhoudi A, Cortese R, Ball JK, Leroux-Roels G, Pietschmann T, Nicosia A, Meuleman P. Targeting a host-cell entry factor barricades antiviral-resistant HCV variants from on-therapy breakthrough in human-liver mice. Gut 2016; 65:2029-2034. [PMID: 26306759 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-309045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) inhibit hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by targeting viral proteins that play essential roles in the replication process. However, selection of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) during DAA therapy has been a cause of therapeutic failure. In this study, we wished to address whether such RAVs could be controlled by the co-administration of host-targeting entry inhibitors that prevent intrahepatic viral spread. DESIGN We investigated the effect of adding an entry inhibitor (the anti-scavenger receptor class B type I mAb1671) to a DAA monotherapy (the protease inhibitor ciluprevir) in human-liver mice chronically infected with HCV of genotype 1b. Clinically relevant non-laboratory strains were used to achieve viraemia consisting of a cloud of related viral variants (quasispecies) and the emergence of RAVs was monitored at high resolution using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS HCV-infected human-liver mice receiving DAA monotherapy rapidly experienced on-therapy viral breakthrough. Deep sequencing of the HCV protease domain confirmed the manifestation of drug-resistant mutants upon viral rebound. In contrast, none of the mice treated with a combination of the DAA and the entry inhibitor experienced on-therapy viral breakthrough, despite detection of RAV emergence in some animals. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preclinical in vivo evidence that addition of an entry inhibitor to an anti-HCV DAA regimen restricts the breakthrough of DAA-resistant viruses. Our approach is an excellent strategy to prevent therapeutic failure caused by on-therapy rebound of DAA-RAVs. Inclusion of an entry inhibitor to the newest DAA combination therapies may further increase response rates, especially in difficult-to-treat patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Vercauteren
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard J P Brown
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ahmed Atef Mesalam
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juliane Doerrbecker
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabin Bhuju
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Naomi Van Den Eede
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences and the NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lieven Verhoye
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1110, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg et Pole Hépato-digestif, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Farhoudi
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jonathan K Ball
- School of Life Sciences and the NIHR Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- CEINGE, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Department Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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