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Kothapalli Y, Chu CK, Singh US. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-l-5-[( E)-2-Bromovinyl)-1-((2 S,4 S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolane-4-yl) Uracil)] (l-BHDU) via Chiral Pure l-Dioxolane. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9313-9321. [PMID: 38900839 PMCID: PMC11232004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
β-l-5-((E)-2-Bromovinyl)-1-((2S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolane-4-yl) uracil (l-BHDU, 17) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). l-BHDU (17) has demonstrated excellent anti-VZV activity and is a preclinical candidate to treat chickenpox, shingles (herpes zoster), and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections. Its monophosphate prodrug (POM-l-BHDU-MP, 24) demonstrated an enhanced pharmacokinetic and antiviral profile. POM-l-BHDU-MP (24), in vivo, effectively reduced the VZV viral load and was effective for the topical treatment of VZV and HSV-1 infections. Therefore, a viable synthetic procedure for developing POM-l-BHDU-MP (24) is needed. In this article, an efficient approach for the synthesis of l-BHDU (17) from a readily available starting material is described in 7 steps. An efficient and practical methodology for both chiral pure l- & d-dioxolane 11 and 13 were developed via diastereomeric chiral amine salt formation. Neutralization of the amine carboxylate salt of l-dioxolane 10 provides enantiomerically pure l-dioxane 11 (ee ≥ 99%). Optically pure 11 was utilized to construct the final nucleoside l-BHDU (17) and its monophosphate ester prodrug (POM-l-BHDU-MP, 24). Notably, the reported process eliminates expensive chiral chromatography for the synthesis of chiral pure l- & d-dioxolane, which offers avenues for the development and structure-activity relationship studies of l- & d-dioxolane-derived nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugandhar Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chung K. Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Uma S. Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical
Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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2
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Singh US, Konreddy AK, Kothapalli Y, Liu D, Lloyd MG, Annavarapu V, White CA, Bartlett MG, Moffat JF, Chu CK. Prodrug Strategies for the Development of β-l-5-(( E)-2-Bromovinyl)-1-((2 S,4 S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolane-4-yl))uracil (l-BHDU) against Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). J Med Chem 2023; 66:7038-7053. [PMID: 37140467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) establishes lifelong infection after primary disease and can reactivate. Several drugs are approved to treat VZV diseases, but new antivirals with greater potency are needed. Previously, we identified β-l-5-((E)-2-bromovinyl)-1-((2S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-(dioxolane-4-yl))uracil (l-BHDU, 1), which had significant anti-VZV activity. In this communication, we report the synthesis and evaluation of numerous l-BHDU prodrugs: amino acid esters (14-26), phosphoramidates (33-34), long-chain lipids (ODE-l-BHDU-MP, 38, and HDP-l-BHDU-MP, 39), and phosphate ester prodrugs (POM-l-BHDU-MP, 41, and POC-l-BHDU-MP, 47). The amino acid ester l-BHDU prodrugs (l-phenylalanine, 16, and l-valine, 17) had a potent antiviral activity with EC50 values of 0.028 and 0.030 μM, respectively. The phosphate ester prodrugs POM-l-BHDU-MP and POC-l-BHDU-MP had a significant anti-VZV activity with EC50 values of 0.035 and 0.034 μM, respectively, and no cellular toxicity (CC50 > 100 μM) was detected. Out of these prodrugs, ODE-l-BHDU-MP (38) and POM-l-BHDU-MP (41) were selected for further evaluation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma S Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ananda K Konreddy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Yugandhar Kothapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Megan G Lloyd
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Vidya Annavarapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Catherine A White
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jennifer F Moffat
- State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Chung K Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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3
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Lloyd MG, Yee MB, Flot JS, Liu D, Geiler BW, Kinchington PR, Moffat JF. Development of Robust Varicella Zoster Virus Luciferase Reporter Viruses for In Vivo Monitoring of Virus Growth and Its Antiviral Inhibition in Culture, Skin, and Humanized Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:826. [PMID: 35458556 PMCID: PMC9032946 DOI: 10.3390/v14040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a continued need to understand varicella-zoster virus (VZV) pathogenesis and to develop more effective antivirals, as it causes chickenpox and zoster. As a human-restricted alphaherpesvirus, the use of human skin in culture and mice is critical in order to reveal the important VZV genes that are required for pathogenesis but that are not necessarily observed in the cell culture. We previously used VZV-expressing firefly luciferase (fLuc), under the control of the constitutively active SV40 promoter (VZV-BAC-Luc), to measure the VZV spread in the same sample. However, the fLuc expression was independent of viral gene expression and viral DNA replication programs. Here, we developed robust reporter VZV viruses by using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology, expressing luciferase from VZV-specific promoters. We also identified two spurious mutations in VZV-BAC that were corrected for maximum pathogenesis. VZV with fLuc driven by ORF57 showed superior growth in cells, human skin explants, and skin xenografts in mice. The ORF57-driven luciferase activity had a short half-life in the presence of foscarnet. This background was then used to investigate the roles for ORF36 (thymidine kinase (TK)) and ORF13 (thymidylate synthase (TS)) in skin. The studies reveal that VZV-∆TS had increased sensitivity to brivudine and was highly impaired for skin replication. This is the first report of a phenotype that is associated with the loss of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G. Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Michael B. Yee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Joseph S. Flot
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Brittany W. Geiler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
| | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.B.Y.); (J.S.F.)
| | - Jennifer F. Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (M.G.L.); (D.L.); (B.W.G.)
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4
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Lloyd M, Liu D, Lyu J, Fan J, Overhulse J, Kashemirov B, Prichard M, McKenna C, Moffat J. An acyclic phosphonate prodrug of HPMPC is effective against VZV in skin organ culture and mice. Antiviral Res 2022; 199:105275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wu BW, Yee MB, Goldstein RS, Kinchington PR. Antiviral Targeting of Varicella Zoster Virus Replication and Neuronal Reactivation Using CRISPR/Cas9 Cleavage of the Duplicated Open Reading Frames 62/71. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020378. [PMID: 35215971 PMCID: PMC8880005 DOI: 10.3390/v14020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes Herpes Zoster (HZ), a common debilitating and complicated disease affecting up to a third of unvaccinated populations. Novel antiviral treatments for VZV reactivation and HZ are still in need. Here, we evaluated the potential of targeting the replicating and reactivating VZV genome using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat-Cas9 nucleases (CRISPR/Cas9) delivered by adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. After AAV serotype and guide RNA (gRNA) optimization, we report that a single treatment with AAV2-expressing Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR/Cas9 (saCas9) with gRNA to the duplicated and essential VZV genes ORF62/71 (AAV2-62gRsaCas9) greatly reduced VZV progeny yield and cell-to-cell spread in representative epithelial cells and in lytically infected human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived neurons. In contrast, AAV2-62gRsaCas9 did not reduce the replication of a recombinant virus mutated in the ORF62 targeted sequence, establishing that antiviral effects were a consequence of VZV-genome targeting. Delivery to latently infected and reactivation-induced neuron cultures also greatly reduced infectious-virus production. These results demonstrate the potential of AAV-delivered genome editors to limit VZV productive replication in epithelial cells, infected human neurons, and upon reactivation. The approach could be developed into a strategy for the treatment of VZV disease and virus spread in HZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty W. Wu
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Michael B. Yee
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | | | - Paul R. Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-647-6319
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6
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Lloyd MG, Liu D, Legendre M, Markovitz DM, Moffat JF. H84T BanLec has broad spectrum antiviral activity against human herpesviruses in cells, skin, and mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1641. [PMID: 35102178 PMCID: PMC8803833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
H84T BanLec is a molecularly engineered lectin cloned from bananas with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. H84T BanLec dimers bind glycoproteins containing high-mannose N-glycans on the virion envelope, blocking attachment, entry, uncoating, and spread. It was unknown whether H84T BanLec is effective against human herpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which express high-mannose N-linked glycoproteins on their envelopes. We evaluated H84T BanLec against VZV-ORF57-Luc, TB40/E HCMV-fLuc-eGFP, and HSV-1 R8411 in cells, skin organ culture, and mice. The H84T BanLec EC50 was 0.025 µM for VZV (SI50 = 4000) in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), 0.23 µM for HCMV (SI50 = 441) in HFFs, and 0.33 µM for HSV-1 (SI50 = 308) in Vero cells. Human skin was obtained from reduction mammoplasties and prepared for culture. Skin was infected and cultured up to 14 days. H84T BanLec prevented VZV, HCMV and HSV-1 spread in skin at 10 µM in the culture medium, and also exhibited dose-dependent antiviral effects. Additionally, H84T BanLec arrested virus spread when treatment was delayed. Histopathology of HCMV-infected skin showed no overt toxicity when H84T BanLec was present in the media. In athymic nude mice with human skin xenografts (NuSkin mice), H84T BanLec reduced VZV spread when administered subcutaneously prior to intraxenograft virus inoculation. This is the first demonstration of H84T BanLec effectiveness against DNA viruses. H84T BanLec may have additional unexplored activity against other, clinically relevant, glycosylated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - D Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - M Legendre
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D M Markovitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J F Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
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7
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Humanized Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Mouse Models for Varicella-Zoster Virus Pathogenesis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 438:135-161. [DOI: 10.1007/82_2022_255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lloyd MG, Smith NA, Tighe M, Travis KL, Liu D, Upadhyaya PK, Kinchington PR, Chan GC, Moffat JF. A Novel Human Skin Tissue Model To Study Varicella-Zoster Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus. J Virol 2020; 94:e01082-20. [PMID: 32878893 PMCID: PMC7592229 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01082-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are endemic to humans. VZV causes varicella (chicken pox) and herpes zoster (shingles), while HCMV causes serious disease in immunocompromised patients and neonates. More effective, less toxic antivirals are needed, necessitating better models to study these viruses and evaluate antivirals. Previously, VZV and HCMV models used fetal tissue; here, we developed an adult human skin model to study VZV and HCMV in culture and in vivo While VZV is known to grow in skin, it was unknown whether skin could support an HCMV infection. We used TB40/E HCMV and POka VZV strains to evaluate virus tropism in skin organ culture (SOC) and skin xenograft mouse models. Adult human skin from reduction mammoplasties was prepared for culture on NetWells or mouse implantation. In SOC, VZV infected the epidermis and HCMV infected the dermis. Specifically, HCMV infected fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells, with some infected cells able to transfer infection. VZV and HCMV mouse models were developed by subcutaneous transplantation of skin into SCID/beige or athymic nude mice at 2 independent sites. Viruses were inoculated directly into one xenograft, and widespread infection was observed for VZV and HCMV. Notably, we detected VZV- and HCMV-infected cells in the contralateral, uninoculated xenografts, suggesting dissemination from infected xenografts occurred. For the first time, we showed HCMV successfully grows in adult human skin, as does VZV. Thus, this novel system may provide a much-needed preclinical small-animal model for HCMV and VZV and, potentially, other human-restricted viruses.IMPORTANCE Varicella-zoster virus and human cytomegalovirus infect a majority of the global population. While they often cause mild disease, serious illness and complications can arise. Unfortunately, there are few effective drugs to treat these viruses, and many are toxic. To complicate this, these viruses are restricted to replication in human cells and tissues, making them difficult to study in traditional animal models. Current models rely heavily on fetal tissues, can be prohibitively expensive, and are often complicated to generate. While fetal tissue models provide helpful insights, it is necessary to study human viruses in human tissue systems to fully understand these viruses and adequately evaluate novel antivirals. Adult human skin is an appropriate model for these viruses because many target cells are present, including basal keratinocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes. Skin models, in culture and xenografts in immunodeficient mice, have potential for research on viral pathogenesis, tissue tropism, dissemination, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan G Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas A Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Paul R Kinchington
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary C Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer F Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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9
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Keil T, Liu D, Lloyd M, Coombs W, Moffat J, Visalli R. DNA Encapsidation and Capsid Assembly Are Underexploited Antiviral Targets for the Treatment of Herpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1862. [PMID: 32903425 PMCID: PMC7434925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are effective nucleoside analogs to treat HSV, VZV, and HCMV disease, herpesvirus infections continue to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality. Acyclovir is the drug of choice for HSV encephalopathy, yet there is an estimated 6-19% mortality rate with half of the survivors experiencing moderate to severe chronic neurological deficits. For VZV, current treatments are inadequate to prevent acute and persistent pain due to zoster. Treatment of HCMV with GCV requires close monitoring particularly in patients with impaired renal function and there are no approved treatments for congenital HCMV infections. New therapeutic options to control cytomegalovirus reactivation in bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients are needed to improve patient outcome. No successful chemotherapeutic options are available for EBV, HHV-6, 7, and 8. Drug resistance is a concern for HCMV, HSV, and VZV since approved drugs share common mechanisms of action. Targeting DNA encapsidation or capsid assembly provide additional options for the development of non-nucleoside, small molecule anti-herpesviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Keil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Megan Lloyd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Wanda Coombs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Robert Visalli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, United States
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10
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Hartline CB, Keith KA, Eagar J, Harden EA, Bowlin TL, Prichard MN. A standardized approach to the evaluation of antivirals against DNA viruses: Orthopox-, adeno-, and herpesviruses. Antiviral Res 2018; 159:104-112. [PMID: 30287226 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The search for new compounds with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity is important and requires the evaluation of many compounds against several distinct viruses. Researchers attempting to develop new antiviral therapies for DNA virus infections currently use a variety of cell lines, assay conditions and measurement methods to determine in vitro drug efficacy, making it difficult to compare results from within the same laboratory as well as between laboratories. In this paper we describe a common assay platform designed to facilitate the parallel evaluation of antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, and adenovirus. The automated assays utilize monolayers of primary human foreskin fibroblast cells in 384-well plates as a common cell substrate and cytopathic effects and cytotoxicity are quantified with CellTiter-Glo. Data presented demonstrate that each of the assays is highly robust and yields data that are comparable to those from other traditional assays, such as plaque reduction assays. The assays proved to be both accurate and robust and afford an in depth assessment of antiviral activity against the diverse class of viruses with very small quantities of test compounds. In an accompanying paper, we present a standardized approach to evaluating antivirals against lymphotropic herpesviruses and polyomaviruses and together these studies revealed new activities for reference compounds. This approach has the potential to accelerate the development of broad spectrum therapies for the DNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroll B Hartline
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Kathy A Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Jessica Eagar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Emma A Harden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | | | - Mark N Prichard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States.
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11
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Andrei G, Carter K, Janeba Z, Sampath A, Schang LM, Tarbet EB, Vere Hodge RA, Bray M, Esté JA. Highlights of the 30th International Conference on Antiviral Research. Antiviral Res 2017; 145:184-196. [PMID: 28774800 PMCID: PMC7127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 30th International Conference on Antiviral Research (ICAR) was held in Atlanta, GA, USA from May 18 to 21, 2017. This report provides an account of award lectures, invited keynote addresses and oral presentations during the meeting. The 2017 Gertrude Elion Memorial Lecture Award by Michael Sofia highlighted one of the most important accomplishments in recent drug discovery in antiviral research, the identification of the hepatitis C virus direct-acting antiviral sofosbuvir and new alternatives to combat hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The Antonín Holý Lecture Award by David Chu on medicinal chemistry provided an overview of early developments of nucleoside analogs for the treatment of HIV and varicella zoster virus infection and how this knowledge serves to develop new drugs targeting HBV. Priscilla Yang gave the first ISAR Women in Science lecture. She reported on pharmacological validation of new antiviral targets for dengue, Zika and other flaviviruses. The William Prusoff Young Investigator Lecture Award by Maaike Everts described the Alabama Drug Discovery Alliance and the Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Consortium, and how they are helping to accelerate the development of new antivirals. The 30th ICAR was a success in promoting new discoveries in antiviral drug development and research. The 31st ICAR will be held in Porto, Portugal, June 11–15, 2018. The 30th ICAR was held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA from May 18–21, 2017. This article summarizes presentations by ISAR award recipients, principal invited lectures and keynote addresses. Mini-symposium topics included antiviral immunity and emerging viral infections. Other sessions and topics included hepatitis and retroviruses, respiratory viruses, DNA viruses and medicinal chemistry. The 31st ICAR will be held in Porto, Portugal, June 11–15, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Andrei
- KU Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kara Carter
- Sanofi, 270 Albany Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aruna Sampath
- Emergent BioSolutions, 400 Professional Drive, Ste 400, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA
| | - Luis M Schang
- Baker Institute, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, 235 Hungerford Hill Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E Bart Tarbet
- Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | | | | | - José A Esté
- AIDS Research Institute - Irsicaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Canyet s/n, Badalona, Spain; International Society for Antiviral Research, Spain.
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