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Muzammil K, Rayyani S, Abbas Sahib A, Gholizadeh O, Naji Sameer H, Jwad Kazem T, Badran Mohammed H, Ghafouri Kalajahi H, Zainul R, Yasamineh S. Recent Advances in Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Detection, Treatment, and Vaccination: Overview of Current Status and Challenges. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:20. [PMID: 38926669 PMCID: PMC11201903 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00244-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus, and zoonosis, and affects large regions of Asia, Southwestern and Southeastern Europe, and Africa. CCHFV can produce symptoms, including no specific clinical symptoms, mild to severe clinical symptoms, or deadly infections. Virus isolation attempts, antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are all possible diagnostic tests for CCHFV. Furthermore, an efficient, quick, and cheap technology, including biosensors, must be designed and developed to detect CCHFV. The goal of this article is to offer an overview of modern laboratory tests available as well as other innovative detection methods such as biosensors for CCHFV, as well as the benefits and limits of the assays. Furthermore, confirmed cases of CCHF are managed with symptomatic assistance and general supportive care. This study examined the various treatment modalities, as well as their respective limitations and developments, including immunotherapy and antivirals. Recent biotechnology advancements and the availability of suitable animal models have accelerated the development of CCHF vaccines by a substantial margin. We examined a range of potential vaccines for CCHF in this research, comprising nucleic acid, viral particles, inactivated, and multi-epitope vaccines, as well as the present obstacles and developments in this field. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive summary of the endeavors dedicated to advancing various diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies for CCHF infection in anticipation of forthcoming hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait Campus, Abha, 62561, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Rayyani
- Medical Faculty, University of Georgi, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Hayder Naji Sameer
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Tareq Jwad Kazem
- Scientific Affairs Department, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Haneen Badran Mohammed
- Optics techniques department, health and medical techniques college, Al-Noor University, Mosul, Iraq
| | | | - Rahadian Zainul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Artificial Intelligence, and Biophysics Informatics (CAMPBIOTICS), Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia.
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Bost C, Castro-Scholten S, Sadeghi B, Cano-Terriza D, Frías M, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Groschup MH, García-Bocanegra I, Fischer K. Approaching the complexity of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus serology: A study in swine. J Virol Methods 2024; 326:114915. [PMID: 38479590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are known to seroconvert after infection with CCHFV without showing clinical symptoms. The commercial availability of a multi-species ELISA has led to an increase in recent serosurveillance studies as well as in the range of species reported to be exposed to CCHFV in the field, including wild boar (Sus scrofa). However, development and validation of confirmatory serological tests for swine based on different CCHFV antigens or test principles are hampered by the lack of defined control sera from infected and non-infected animals. For the detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in swine, we established a swine-specific in-house ELISA using a panel of swine sera from CCHFV-free regions and regions with reported CCHFV circulation. We initially screened more than 700 serum samples from wild boar and domestic pigs and observed a correlation of ≃67% between the commercial and the in-house test. From these sera, we selected a panel of 60 samples that were further analyzed in a newly established indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) and virus neutralization test. ELISA-non-reactive samples tested negative. Interestingly, only a subset of samples reactive in both ELISA and iIFA displayed CCHFV-neutralizing antibodies. The observed partial discrepancy between the tests may be explained by different test sensitivities, antibody cross-reactivities or suggests that the immune response to CCHFV in swine is not necessarily associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study highlights that meaningful CCHFV serology in swine, and possibly other species, should involve the performance of multiple tests and careful interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mario Frías
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany.
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3
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Cosgun Y, Aydemir A, Hedef H, Öz Kamiloglu A, Klemens O, Lattwein E, Klemens JM, Saschenbrecker S, Steinhagen K, Korukluoglu G. Evaluation of Nucleoprotein-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Serodiagnosis of Acute Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections in a Turkish Population. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:44-53. [PMID: 36576857 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes a highly contagious tick-borne disease with high case-fatality rates in humans. It is circulating not only in many Asian and African countries, but also spreading to and within Europe. To cope better with future outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), the WHO has prioritized the need for the development and validation of CCHF diagnostics, including serological assays. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the new EUROIMMUN anti-CCHFV IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Materials and Methods: Both ELISAs were compared to the Vector-Best VectoCrimean-CHF-IgM and -IgG ELISAs using the EUROIMMUN CCHFV Mosaic 2 IgM and IgG indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) as reference. Forty-nine acute-phase serum samples from patients with CCHFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and/or anti-CCHFV IgM IFA positivity were used to determine assay sensitivity. The assessment of specificity was based on sera from 30 control patients, 30 healthy blood donors, and 29 patients with hantavirus or sandfly fever virus infections. All samples originated from Turkey. Results: Sensitivity of the EUROIMMUN ELISAs (IgM 98.0%, IgG 47.1%) exceeded that of the Vector-Best ELISAs (IgM 95.9%, IgG 35.3%). Specificity of the EUROIMMUN ELISA IgM (86.4%) was slightly higher compared with the Vector-Best ELISA IgM (84.7%), while specificity for IgG was 100% for both assays. Qualitative agreement between the EUROIMMUN and Vector-Best ELISAs was substantial for detecting anti-CCHFV IgM (84.1%, ĸ = 0.673) and IgG (94.9%, ĸ = 0.791), whereas the quantitative results indicated a very strong positive correlation (IgM: r = 0.868, IgG: r = 0.913). Conclusion: The new EUROIMMUN anti-CCHFV ELISAs are standardized and easy-to-use tools that reliably support the identification of acute CCHF cases, and thus suitable for laboratories involved in on-site outbreak support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Cosgun
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Aydemir
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Hedef
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Oliver Klemens
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Lattwein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Maria Klemens
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra Saschenbrecker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, affiliated to EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
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Development of humanised antibodies for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus: Comparison of hybridoma-based versus phage library techniques. J Immunol Methods 2023; 512:113405. [PMID: 36496007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humanised antibodies targeting Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic virus (CCHFV) are needed for the development and standardisation of serological assays. These assays are needed to address a shortfall in available tests that meet regulatory diagnostic standards and to aid surveillance activities to extend knowledge on the distribution of CCHFV. To generate a humanised monoclonal antibody against CCHFV, we have compared two methods: the traditional mouse hybridoma approach with subsequent sequencing and humanisation of antibodies versus a non-animal alternative using a human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL). Our results demonstrated that the mouse hybridoma followed by humanisation protocol gave higher affinity antibodies. Whilst not yet able to demonstrate the generation of equivalent humanised antibodies without the use of animals, sequencing data enables the subsequent production of recombinant antibodies, thus providing a reduction in future animal usage for this application. Ultimately, our report provides information on development of a humanised standardised control, which can form an important positive control component of serological assays against CCHFV.
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Cuadrado-Matías R, Cardoso B, Sas MA, García-Bocanegra I, Schuster I, González-Barrio D, Reiche S, Mertens M, Cano-Terriza D, Casades-Martí L, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Martínez-Guijosa J, Fierro Y, Gómez-Guillamón F, Gortázar C, Acevedo P, Groschup MH, Ruiz-Fons F. Red deer reveal spatial risks of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e630-e645. [PMID: 34739746 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) continues to cause new human cases in Iberia while its spatial distribution and ecological determinants remain unknown. The virus remains active in a silent tick-animal cycle to which animals contribute maintaining the tick populations and the virus itself. Wild ungulates, in particular red deer, are essential hosts for Hyalomma ticks in Iberia, which are the principal competent vector of CCHFV. Red deer could be an excellent model to understand the ecological determinants of CCHFV as well as to predict infection risks for humans because it is large, gregarious, abundant and the principal host for Hyalomma lusitanicum. We designed a cross-sectional study, analysed the presence of CCHFV antibodies in 1444 deer from 82 populations, and statistically modelled exposure risk with host and environmental predictors. The best-fitted statistical model was projected for peninsular Spain to map infection risks. Fifty out of 82 deer populations were seropositive, with individual population prevalence as high as 88%. The highest prevalence of exposure to CCHFV occurred in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Climate and ungulate abundance were the most influential predictors of the risk of exposure to the virus. The highest risk regions were those where H. lusitanicum is most abundant. Eight of the nine primary human cases occurred in or bordering these regions, demonstrating that the model predicts human infection risk accurately. A recent human case of CCHF occurred in northwestern Spain, a region that the model predicted as low risk, pointing out that it needs improvement to capture all determinants of the CCHFV infection risk. In this study, we have been able to identify the main ecological determinants of CCHFV, and we have also managed to create an accurate model to assess the risk of CCHFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cuadrado-Matías
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardoso
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miriam A Sas
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isolde Schuster
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David González-Barrio
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Spanish National Centre for Microbiology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sven Reiche
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Marc Mertens
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Laia Casades-Martí
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Dpto. de Sanidad Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Guijosa
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Félix Gómez-Guillamón
- Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Christian Gortázar
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pelayo Acevedo
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Fons
- Health & Biotechnology (SaBio) Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
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Khamassi Khbou M, Romdhane R, Bouaicha Zaafouri F, Bouajila M, Sassi L, Appelberg SK, Schulz A, Mirazimi A, Groschup MH, Rekik M, Benzarti M, Gharbi M. Presence of antibodies to Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in sheep in Tunisia, North Africa. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2323-2329. [PMID: 34390548 PMCID: PMC8604105 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging tick‐borne disease causing severe and fatal haemorrhagic syndrome in humans. Hyalomma spp. ticks are the primary vectors and sheep are important CCHF virus (CCHFV)‐amplifying hosts. In this study, blood samples and ticks collected in October 2019 from 270 sheep from 15 farms across Tunisia constituted the main research material. Moreover, the sera of the same animals taken at different periods between 2018 and 2019 were also used to obtain comparative results. To investigate the presence of anti‐CCHFV antibodies in sheep, all sera were tested using ELISA. Reactive sera were further characterised by a virus neutralisation test (VNT). Overall, one out of the 270 tested sheep was both ELISA‐ and strongly VNT‐positive to CCHFV. Another two sheep were borderline ELISA‐positive but did not exhibit neutralising antibodies. Ninety‐one ticks were collected from all sampled sheep, of which 34 (37.4%) belonged to Hyalomma spp. This is the first report of anti‐CCHFV antibodies in sheep from Tunisia. Both the results of this study and the recent CCHFV detection in ticks collected from camels in southern Tunisia indicate that further studies are needed to determine the competent tick vector in the country and to characterise the epidemiological cycle of CCHFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médiha Khamassi Khbou
- Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases Zoonoses and Sanitary Regulation, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Institution de La Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Romdhane
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Institution de La Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Faten Bouaicha Zaafouri
- Service de Sémiologie et Pathologie Médicale du Bétail, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Bouajila
- Commissariat Régional de Développement Agricole de Tataouine, Tataouine, Tunisia
| | - Limam Sassi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Institution de La Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | | | - Ansgar Schulz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Insel Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mourad Rekik
- Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan
| | - M'hammed Benzarti
- Laboratory of Infectious Animal Diseases Zoonoses and Sanitary Regulation, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education, Univ. Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Univ. Manouba, Institution de La Recherche et de L'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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7
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Development of double antibody sandwich ELISA as potential diagnostic tool for rapid detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14699. [PMID: 34282163 PMCID: PMC8289837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, a highly pathogenic viral agent is responsible for severe fatal hemorrhagic infections in many parts of the world. The early diagnosis of CCHF infection is important for successful clinical management and epidemiological control. The nucleoprotein (NP) of CCHFV being highly conserved and immunogenic is used as early diagnostic marker. In this study, we report a rapid and sensitive double antibody based antigen capture ELISA to detect Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibody against NP has been generated and used as capture and detector antibody respectively. The assay was able to detect viral nucleoprotein in different matrices including human serum, ticks and culture supernatant. The detection limit of the developed sandwich ELISA assay was 25 ng of purified antigen. Comparison with a real time RT-PCR revealed its detection limit to be 1000 genome equivalents of CCHFV. Further the assay was comparatively evaluated with a commercial kit employing gamma irradiated CCHFV, revealing a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. This newly developed sandwich ELISA (sELISA) with high sensitivity and specificity could be used as an efficient method for the detection of CCHF virus in humans, ticks and culture supernatant. The assay will be useful as alternate tool for diagnosis of acute infection and is amenable for screening of large scale samples in resource limited settings.
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8
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Gülce-İz S, Elaldı N, Can H, Şahar EA, Karakavuk M, Gül A, Kumoğlu GÖ, Döşkaya AD, Gürüz AY, Özdarendeli A, Felgner PL, Davies H, Döşkaya M. Development of a novel recombinant ELISA for the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus IgG antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5936. [PMID: 33723328 PMCID: PMC7961021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral infection caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Serological screening of CCHF is important and current ELISA use antigens prepared from virus which is expensive due to requirement of high bio-containment facilities. In this study, we aimed to develop a new recombinant ELISA. For this purpose, CCHFV genome were expressed as 13 proteins in E. coli and among them abundantly purified recombinant Nucleocapsid protein (rNP) and Mucin-like variable domain (rMLD) were used as antigen in ELISA (Rec-ELISA). Rec-ELISA using rNP, rMLD and a combination of both (rNP/rMLD) were probed with acute (n = 64; collected between days 1 and 7 after onset of symptoms), convalescent (n = 35; collected 8 days after onset of symptoms), consecutive sera (n = 25) of confirmed CCHF cases and control sera (n = 43). The sensitivity and specificity of Rec-ELISA using rNP/rMLD were 73% and 98% in acute cases and 97% and 98% in convalescent cases. The median interquartile absorbance value to discriminate the acute and convalescent phases of CCHF was significantly higher with ELISA using rNP/rMLD (P < 0.0001) compared to rNP (P > 0.05) and rMLD (P = 0.001). These results indicate that the Rec-ELISA using rNP/rMLD may be very useful to diagnose convalescent CCHF cases especially in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Gülce-İz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nazif Elaldı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Can
- Department of Biology, Section of Molecular Biology, Ege University, Faculty of Science, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Atalay Şahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Karakavuk
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aytül Gül
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Örs Kumoğlu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.,Blood Bank of Ege University, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yüksel Gürüz
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Özdarendeli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Philip Louis Felgner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Huw Davies
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Vaccine Research and Development Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mert Döşkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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9
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Bartolini B, Gruber CE, Koopmans M, Avšič T, Bino S, Christova I, Grunow R, Hewson R, Korukluoglu G, Lemos CM, Mirazimi A, Papa A, Sanchez-Seco MP, Sauer AV, Zeller H, Nisii C, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Reusken CB, Di Caro A. Laboratory management of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infections: perspectives from two European networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30722811 PMCID: PMC6386216 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.5.1800093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered an emerging infectious disease threat in the European Union. Since 2000, the incidence and geographic range of confirmed CCHF cases have markedly increased, following changes in the distribution of its main vector, Hyalomma ticks. Aims To review scientific literature and collect experts’ opinion to analyse relevant aspects of the laboratory management of human CCHF cases and any exposed contacts, as well as identify areas for advancement of international collaborative preparedness and laboratory response plans. Methods We conducted a literature review on CCHF molecular diagnostics through an online search. Further, we obtained expert opinions on the key laboratory aspects of CCHF diagnosis. Consulted experts were members of two European projects, EMERGE (Efficient response to highly dangerous and emerging pathogens at EU level) and EVD-LabNet (Emerging Viral Diseases-Expert Laboratory Network). Results Consensus was reached on relevant and controversial aspects of CCHF disease with implications for laboratory management of human CCHF cases, including biosafety, diagnostic algorithm and advice to improve lab capabilities. Knowledge on the diffusion of CCHF can be obtained by promoting syndromic approach to infectious diseases diagnosis and by including CCHFV infection in the diagnostic algorithm of severe fevers of unknown origin. Conclusion No effective vaccine and/or therapeutics are available at present so outbreak response relies on rapid identification and appropriate infection control measures. Frontline hospitals and reference laboratories have a crucial role in the response to a CCHF outbreak, which should integrate laboratory, clinical and public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bartolini
- 'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Em Gruber
- 'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Avšič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sylvia Bino
- Control of Infectious Diseases Department Institute of Public Health, Tirana, Albania
| | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus Reference and Research (Special Pathogens), Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cinthia Menel Lemos
- Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.,Public Health agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Aisha V Sauer
- European Commission, Directorate General for Health and Food Safety, Unit for Crisis Management and Preparedness in Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Hervè Zeller
- European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Office of the Chief Scientist, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Nisii
- 'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- 'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- 'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Chantal B Reusken
- Authors contributed equally to the work and share last authorship.,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonino Di Caro
- Authors contributed equally to the work and share last authorship.,'L. Spallanzani' National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS (INMI), WHO Collaborating Center for Clinical Care, Diagnosis, Response and Training on Highly Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
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10
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Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Tiede C, Hoste ACR, Surtees RA, Trinh CH, Slack GS, Chamberlain J, Hewson R, Fresco A, Sastre P, Tomlinson DC, Millner PA, Edwards TA, Barr JN. Characterization and applications of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein-specific Affimer: Inhibitory effects in viral replication and development of colorimetric diagnostic tests. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008364. [PMID: 32492018 PMCID: PMC7295242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) is one of the most widespread medically important arboviruses, causing human infections that result in mortality rates of up to 60%. We describe the selection of a high-affinity small protein (Affimer-NP) that binds specifically to the nucleoprotein (NP) of CCHFV. We demonstrate the interference of Affimer-NP in the RNA-binding function of CCHFV NP using fluorescence anisotropy, and its inhibitory effects on CCHFV gene expression in mammalian cells using a mini-genome system. Solution of the crystallographic structure of the complex formed by these two molecules at 2.84 Å resolution revealed the structural basis for this interference, with the Affimer-NP binding site positioned at the critical NP oligomerization interface. Finally, we validate the in vitro application of Affimer-NP for the development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and lateral flow assays, presenting the first published point-of-care format test able to detect recombinant CCHFV NP in spiked human and animal sera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Tiede
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis C. R. Hoste
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- INGENASA, Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebecca A. Surtees
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chi H. Trinh
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian S. Slack
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - John Chamberlain
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Fresco
- INGENASA, Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sastre
- INGENASA, Inmunología y Genética Aplicada S.A., Madrid, Spain
| | - Darren C. Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Millner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Edwards
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John N. Barr
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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11
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Investigation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ruminant species slaughtered in several endemic provinces in Turkey. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1759-1767. [PMID: 32435856 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1,337 serum and plasma specimens (939, 393 and 15 from cattle, sheep and goats, respectively) were collected monthly for one a year from ruminant species slaughtered in three Turkish cities endemic for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Samsun, Sivas and Tokat. The serum samples were tested by commercial indirect ELISA to detect CCHFV antibodies, and positive or equivocal samples were later confirmed by a virus neutralization test (VNT). The seroprevalence in cattle, sheep, and goats was 36.21% (340/939), 6.27% (24/383), and 6.67% (1/15), respectively. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to detect viraemic animals at slaughter time. The percentage of CCHFV-viraemic animals was 0.67% (9/1337). The virus load varied between 4.1 x 101 and 2.4 x 103 RNA equivalent copies/mL in viraemic animals. The plasma samples that were positive for CCHFV genomic RNA were collected between April and May, when Hyalomma ticks are active. This study presents quantitative CCHFV load data in ruminant species at slaughter and interprets the likelihood of transmission for employees working in slaughterhouses in CCHFV-endemic regions.
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12
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Nascimento EJM, Bonaparte MI, Luo P, Vincent TS, Hu B, George JK, Áñez G, Noriega F, Zheng L, Huleatt JW. Use of a Blockade-of-Binding ELISA and Microneutralization Assay to Evaluate Zika Virus Serostatus in Dengue-Endemic Areas. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:708-715. [PMID: 31392955 PMCID: PMC6726926 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) serological diagnostics are compromised in areas where dengue viruses (DENV) co-circulate because of their high levels of protein sequence homology. Here, we describe the characterization of a Zika blockade-of-binding ELISA (Zika BOB) and a Zika microneutralization assay (Zika MN) for the detection of ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1)–specific antibodies and ZIKV neutralizing antibodies, respectively. Zika BOB and Zika MN cutoffs were established as 10 and 100 endpoint titers, respectively, using samples collected pre- and post-virologically confirmed ZIKV infection from subjects living in DENV-endemic areas. Specificity of the assays was equally high, whereas sensitivity of Zika BOB was lower than that of Zika MN, especially in samples collected > 6 months post-infection. Immunosurveillance analysis, using combined results from both Zika BOB and Zika MN, carried out also in DENV-endemic regions in Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, and Puerto Rico before (2013–2014) and after (2017–2018) ZIKV introduction in the Americas suggests unapparent ZIKV seroprevalence rates ranged from 25% to 80% over the specified period of time in the regions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ping Luo
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy S Vincent
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - Branda Hu
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - James K George
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - Germán Áñez
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - Fernando Noriega
- Global Clinical Sciences, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - Lingyi Zheng
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
| | - James W Huleatt
- Global Clinical Immunology, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania
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13
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Shrivastava N, Shrivastava A, Ninawe SM, Sharma S, Kumar JS, Alam SI, Kanani A, Sharma SK, Dash PK. Development of Multispecies Recombinant Nucleoprotein-Based Indirect ELISA for High-Throughput Screening of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus-Specific Antibodies. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1822. [PMID: 31507540 PMCID: PMC6716110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a re-emerging zoonotic viral disease prevalent in many parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa. The causative agent, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV), is transmitted through hard ticks. Tick vectors especially belonging to the Hyalomma species serve as the reservoir and amplifying host. The vertebrate animals including sheep, goat, and bovine act as a short-lasting bridge linking the virus and ticks. CCHFV causes fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Humans are usually infected with CCHFV either through the bite of infected ticks or by close contact with infected animals. Immunological assays, primarily enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using whole viral antigen, are widely used for serosurveillance in animals. However, the whole virus antigen poses a high biohazard risk and can only be produced in biosafety level 4 laboratories. The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of safe, sensitive, and specific IgG indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using recombinant nucleoprotein (NP) of CCHF virus as an antigen. The codon-optimized NP gene sequence was synthesized, cloned, and expressed in pET28a+ vector. The recombinant NP was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and characterized through Western blot and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. The characterized protein was used to develop an indirect IgG microplate ELISA using a panel of animal sera. The in-house ELISA was comparatively evaluated vis-à-vis a commercially available ELISA kit (Vector-Best, Russia) with 76 suspected samples that revealed a concordance of 90% with a sensitivity and specificity of 79.4 and 100%, respectively. The precision analysis revealed that the assay is robust and reproducible in different sets of conditions. Further, the assay was used for serosurveillance in ruminants from different regions of India that revealed 18% seropositivity in ruminants, indicating continued circulation of virus in the region. The findings suggest that the developed IgG iELISA employing recombinant NP is a safe and valuable tool for scalable high-throughput screening of CCHFV-specific antibodies in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shrivastava
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Ambuj Shrivastava
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Sandeep M. Ninawe
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Shashi Sharma
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Jyoti S. Kumar
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Syed Imteyaz Alam
- Division of Biotechnology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Amit Kanani
- Office of Deputy Director of Animal Husbandry, FMD Typing Scheme, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - Paban Kumar Dash
- Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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14
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Spengler JR, Bergeron É, Spiropoulou CF. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and expansion from endemic regions. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 34:70-78. [PMID: 30660091 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a virus-mediated hemorrhagic disease that occurs over a wide geographic region. In recent years, a variety of active and passive surveillance networks have improved our knowledge of areas with existing circulation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), the etiologic agent of CCHF. These investigations aid in better defining the distribution of the virus. Expansion of a virus into new areas can occur through a variety of means, including introduction of infected humans, vectors, or animals. Here, these potential contributors to expansion of CCHFV into neighboring countries and geographically distant locations are reviewed, and the likelihood and possible implications of these events, based on known characteristics of the virus and its natural maintenance and transmission cycles are explored. Furthermore, this report discusses limitations in the currently described distribution of CCHFV, and the challenges in assessing viral circulation identified in a new region as geographic expansion of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Christina F Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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15
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Spengler JR, Bente DA, Bray M, Burt F, Hewson R, Korukluoglu G, Mirazimi A, Weber F, Papa A. Second International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Antiviral Res 2018; 150:137-147. [PMID: 29199036 PMCID: PMC6497152 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Second International Conference on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) was held in Thessaloniki, Greece, from September 10-13, 2017, and brought together international public health professionals, clinicians, ecologists, and basic laboratory researchers. Nearly 100 participants, representing 24 countries and the World Health Organization (WHO), were in attendance. Meeting sessions covered the epidemiology of CCHF in humans; ticks and virus-tick interactions; wild and domestic animal hosts; molecular virology; taxonomic classification; pathogenesis and animal models; clinical aspects and diagnosis; clinical management and clinical trials; and disease prevention in humans. The concluding session focused on recent WHO recommendations for public health measures and future research. This report summarizes lectures by the invited speakers and highlights advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dennis A Bente
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Felicity Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service Universitas and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Roger Hewson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Gülay Korukluoglu
- Public Health Institution of Turkey, National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Department for Clinical Microbiology, LabMed, Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden; Public Health Agency of Sweden, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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16
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Sas MA, Comtet L, Donnet F, Mertens M, Vatansever Z, Tordo N, Pourquier P, Groschup MH. A novel double-antigen sandwich ELISA for the species-independent detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-specific antibodies. Antiviral Res 2018; 151:24-26. [PMID: 29330092 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease in humans caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV). The detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in animals is used to reveal infection risk areas. Therefore a simple, quick and reliable multispecies assay for the detection of CCHFV-specific antibodies is needed. This work presents the development and validation of a novel CCHF double-antigen ELISA for the detection of anti-CCHFV nucleoprotein antibodies. The test requires 30 μl of serum, and results are obtained within 90 min. As the ELISA is based on recombinant N-protein of the IbAr10200 virus, it can be run under standard biosafety conditions. For assay validation, sera from 95 cattle and 176 small ruminants from CCHF-endemic regions (origin: Albania, Cameroon, Kosovo, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Mauritania, Pakistan, Turkey) served as a positive reference serum panel. The CCHF antibody status of the positive reference samples had been previously confirmed by two serological assays (species-adapted VectorBest ELISA and Euroimmun IFA). CCHFV strains belonging to three different clades are known to circulate in the countries where the positive samples originated. Sera from 402 cattle and 804 small ruminants from Germany and France served as the negative serum panel, as both countries are considered outside of the CCHFV endemic zone. Sera from monkeys, camels, rats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, raccoons, foxes, hares, pigs and humans were also tested, to determine the suitability of this novel ELISA for these species. All negative reference sera were confirmed by the CCHF double-antigen ELISA, indicating a specificity of 100%. 268 of 271 positive reference sera tested positive for CCHFV-specific antibodies, 8sensitivity of 99%9. Further analysis are needed to ensure a recognition of the IbAr10200 nucleoprotein by antibodies directed against all known CCHFV clades. This is planned to be realized with sera from other regions covering the three missing clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Sas
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Marc Mertens
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Zati Vatansever
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Noel Tordo
- Unit Antiviral Strategies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany.
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