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Durantel D. Therapies against chronic hepatitis B infections: The times they are a-changin', but the changing is slow! Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105515. [PMID: 36603773 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PREAMBULAR NOTA BENE As a tribute to Dr Mike Bray, the following review of literature willbe mainly based on published data andconcepts, but will also contain my personal views, and in this respect could be more considered as a bioassay. Even though a cost-effective and excellent prophylactic vaccine exists since many years to protect against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, academic-researcher/drug-developers/stakeholders are still busy with the R&D of novel therapies that could eventually have an impact on its worldwide incidence. The Taiwanese experience have univocally demonstrated the effectiveness of constrained national HBV prophylactic vaccination programs to prevent the most dramatic HBV-induced end-stage liver disease, which is hepatocellular carcinoma; but yet the number of individuals chronically infected with the virus, for whom the existing prophylactic vaccine is no longer useful, remains high, with around 300 million individuals around the globe. In this review/bioassay, recent findings and novel concepts on prospective therapies against HBV infections will be discussed; yet it does not have the pretention to be exhaustive, as "pure immunotherapeutic concepts" will be mainly let aside (or referred to other reviews) due to a lack of expertise of this writer, but also due to the lack of, or incremental, positive results in clinical trials as-off today with these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Durantel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), INSERM U1111, UMR_5308 CNRS-Université de Lyon (UCBL1), ENS de Lyon, Lyon, 69007, France.
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Sacherl J, Kosinska AD, Kemter K, Kächele M, Laumen SC, Kerth HA, Öz EA, Wolff LS, Su J, Essbauer S, Sutter G, Scholz M, Singethan K, Altrichter J, Protzer U. Efficient stabilization of therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine components by amino-acid formulation maintains its potential to break immune tolerance. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100603. [PMID: 36714793 PMCID: PMC9880034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Induction of potent, HBV-specific immune responses is crucial to control and finally cure HBV. The therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine TherVacB combines protein priming with a Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-vector boost to break immune tolerance in chronic HBV infection. Particulate protein and vector vaccine components, however, require a constant cooling chain for storage and transport, posing logistic and financial challenges to vaccine applications. We aimed to identify an optimal formulation to maintain stability and immunogenicity of the protein and vector components of the vaccine using a systematic approach. Methods We used stabilizing amino acid (SAA)-based formulations to stabilize HBsAg and HBV core particles (HBcAg), and the MVA-vector. We then investigated the effect of lyophilization and short- and long-term high-temperature storage on their integrity. Immunogenicity and safety of the formulated vaccine was validated in HBV-naïve and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-HBV-infected mice. Results In vitro analysis proved the vaccine's stability against thermal stress during lyophilization and the long-term stability of SAA-formulated HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA during thermal stress at 40 °C for 3 months and at 25 °C for 12 months. Vaccination of HBV-naïve and AAV-HBV-infected mice demonstrated that the stabilized vaccine was well tolerated and able to brake immune tolerance established in AAV-HBV mice as efficiently as vaccine components constantly stored at 4 °C/-80 °C. Even after long-term exposure to elevated temperatures, stabilized TherVacB induced high titre HBV-specific antibodies and strong CD8+ T-cell responses, resulting in anti-HBs seroconversion and strong suppression of the virus in HBV-replicating mice. Conclusion SAA-formulation resulted in highly functional and thermostable HBsAg, HBcAg and MVA vaccine components. This will facilitate global vaccine application without the need for cooling chains and is important for the development of prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines supporting vaccination campaigns worldwide. Impact and implications Therapeutic vaccination is a promising therapeutic option for chronic hepatitis B that may enable its cure. However, its application requires functional cooling chains during transport and storage that can hardly be guaranteed in many countries with high demand. In this study, the authors developed thermostable vaccine components that are well tolerated and that induce immune responses and control the virus in preclinical mouse models, even after long-term exposure to high surrounding temperatures. This will lower costs and ease application of a therapeutic vaccine and thus be beneficial for the many people affected by hepatitis B around the world.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CTC, controlled temperature chain
- Ctrl, control
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- HBcAg
- HBcAg, hepatitis B core antigen
- HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen
- HBsAg
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- Heat-stable vaccine
- ICS, intracellular cytokine staining
- IFNα, interferon alpha
- MVA
- MVA, Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara
- NAGE, native agarose gel electrophoresis
- RH, relative humidity
- RT, room temperature
- SAA, stabilizing amino acids
- SEC-HPLC, size exclusion-high performance liquid chromatography
- SPS®
- TCID50, median tissue culture infection dose
- TherVacBCtrl, non-lyophilized
- WHO, World Health Organization
- anti-HBc, hepatitis B core antibodies
- anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibodies
- cccDNA, covalently closed circular DNA
- formulation
- hepatitis B virus
- heterologous prime/boost vaccination
- lyophilization
- non-stressed, non-stabilized TherVacB
- stabilization
- stabilizing amino acid-based formulation
- stabilizing excipients
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sacherl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna D. Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Kächele
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine C. Laumen
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hélène A. Kerth
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Edanur Ates Öz
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa S. Wolff
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jinpeng Su
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Singethan
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Corresponding author. Address: Institute of Virology, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany; Tel.: +49-89-4140-6821, fax: +49-89-4140-6823.
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Ghotloo S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Amiri MM, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shokri F. Neutralization of tetanus toxin by a novel chimeric monoclonal antibody. Toxicon 2021; 201:27-36. [PMID: 34411590 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tetanus is a life-threatening disease characterized by muscle spasm caused by neurotoxin of Clostridium tetani. Given the current passive immunotherapy of tetanus with human anti-toxin polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) and the limitations of such preparations, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), especially chimeric or human antibodies with reduced immunogenicity might be considered as an alternative source. METHODS A mouse-human chimeric MAb, designated c-1F2C2, was generated and its binding specificities to various recombinant fragments of tetanus toxin, generated in E. coli, were determined. In vivo toxin neutralizing activity of c-1F2C2 was evaluated and compared with that of a commercially available human anti-toxin PAb in a mouse model. The possible mechanisms of toxin neutralizing activity of c-1F2C2 were investigated by assessing its inhibitory effects on toxin receptors binding, including GT1b ganglioside receptor and those expressed on PC12 cells. RESULTS In vivo neutralizing assay showed that c-1F2C2 was able to protect mice against tetanus toxin with an estimated potency of 7.7 IU/mg comparing with 1.9 IU/mg of the commercial human anti-toxin PAb for 10 MLD toxin and 10 IU/mg versus 1.9 IU/mg of the PAb for 2.5 MLD toxin. c-1F2C2 recognized fragment C of the toxin, which is responsible for binding of the toxin to its receptor on neuronal cells. Accordingly, the chimeric MAb partially prevented the toxin from binding to its receptors on PC12 cells (37% inhibition). CONCLUSION The chimeric MAb c-1F2C2 displayed similar structural and functional characteristics compared to its murine counterpart and might be useful for passive immunotherapy of tetanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ghotloo
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Tarafdar S, Virata ML, Yan H, Zhong L, Deng L, Xu Y, He Y, Struble E, Zhang P. Multiple epitopes of hepatitis B virus surface antigen targeted by human plasma-derived immunoglobulins coincide with clinically observed escape mutations. J Med Virol 2021; 94:649-658. [PMID: 34406663 PMCID: PMC9291308 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is a human plasma-derived immunoglobulin G concentrate that contains a high titer of neutralizing antibodies (anti-HBs) to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg). HBIG is known to be highly effective in treating HBV infections, however, a more systematic characterization of the antibody binding sites on HBsAg and their correlation with emerging "escape" mutations in HBsAg was lacking. By using anti-HBs antibodies from HBIG lots to screen random peptide phage display libraries, we identified five clusters of peptides that corresponded to five distinct anti-HBs binding sites on the HBsAg. Three sites, Site II (C121-C124), Site III (M133-P135), and Site IV (T140-G145), were mapped within the "a" determinant, while the two other sites, Site I (Q101-M103) and Site V (I152-S154), were outside the "a" determinant. We then tested in binding assays HBsAg peptides containing clinically relevant mutations previously reported within these sites, such as Y134S, P142S, and G145R, and observed a significant reduction in anti-HBs binding activity to the mutated sites, suggesting a mechanism the virus may use to avoid HBIG-mediated neutralization. The current HBIG treatment could be improved by supplementing it with site-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that target these mutations for control of HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Tarafdar
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Maria Luisa Virata
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Hailing Yan
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Lilin Zhong
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Lu Deng
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Yanqun Xu
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Yong He
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Evi Struble
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Pei Zhang
- Plasma Derivatives Branch, Division of Plasma Protein TherapeuticsOffice of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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Shared immunotherapeutic approaches in HIV and hepatitis B virus: combine and conquer. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 15:157-164. [PMID: 32167944 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to identify similarities, differences and lessons to be shared from recent progress in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunotherapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of both HIV and HBV infection, which have shared routes of transmission, with approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients worldwide being coinfected with HBV. Immune modulation therapies to orchestrate effective innate and adaptive immune responses are currently being sought as potential strategies towards a functional cure in both HIV and HBV infection. These are based on activating immunological mechanisms that would allow durable control by triggering innate immunity, reviving exhausted endogenous responses and/or generating new immune responses. Recent technological advances and increased appreciation of humoral responses in the control of HIV have generated renewed enthusiasm in the cure field. SUMMARY For both HIV and HBV infection, a primary consideration with immunomodulatory therapies continues to be a balance between generating highly effective immune responses and mitigating any significant toxicity. A large arsenal of new approaches and ongoing research offer the opportunity to define the pathways that underpin chronic infection and move closer to a functional cure.
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Mohammadi M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Arjmand M, Bahadori T, Judaki MA, Shiravi F, Zare HA, Haghighat FN, Mobini M, Amiri MM, Shokri F. A Novel Anti-HER2 Bispecific Antibody With Potent Tumor Inhibitory Effects In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 11:600883. [PMID: 33679691 PMCID: PMC7927792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of HER2 has been reported in many types of cancer, making it a perfect candidate for targeted immunotherapy. The combination of two FDA approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), trastuzumab and pertuzumab, has more robust anti-tumor activity in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. We recently produced a new humanized anti-HER2 mAb, hersintuzumab, which recognizes a different epitope than trastuzumab and pertuzumab on HER2. This mAb, in combination with trastuzumab, exhibits more potent anti-tumor activity than each parental mAb alone. Here we have developed a novel bispecific anti-HER2 antibody (BsAb) designated as trasintuzumab, composed of trastuzumab and hersintuzumab, using dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) technology. Both variable domains of trasintuzumab are fully functional and have similar affinities to the parental mAbs and are also able to bind to natural HER2 on the surface of several HER2-expressing cell lines. Trasintuzumab was found to inhibit the growth of different types of tumor cell lines through suppression of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways as efficiently as the combination of the parental mAbs. It also induced tumor regression as potently as the combination of the two mAbs in nude mice bearing ovarian and gastric cancer xenografts. Our data suggest that trasintuzumab may be a promising BsAb therapeutic candidate for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tannaz Bahadori
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Judaki
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Shiravi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hengameh Ahmadi Zare
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Notash Haghighat
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mobini
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maini MK, Burton AR. Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:662-675. [PMID: 31548710 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple new therapeutic approaches are currently being developed to achieve sustained, off-treatment suppression of HBV, a persistent hepatotropic infection that kills ~2,000 people a day. A fundamental therapeutic goal is the restoration of robust HBV-specific adaptive immune responses that are able to maintain prolonged immunosurveillance of residual infection. Here, we provide insight into key components of successful T cell and B cell responses to HBV, discussing the importance of different specificities and effector functions, local intrahepatic immunity and pathogenic potential. We focus on the parallels and interactions between T cell and B cell responses, highlighting emerging areas for future investigation. We review the potential for different immunotherapies in development to restore or release endogenous adaptive immunity by direct or indirect approaches, including limitations and risks. Finally, we consider an alternative HBV treatment strategy of replacing failed endogenous immunity with infusions of highly targeted T cells or antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala K Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Alice R Burton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
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He L, Su M, Ou G, Wang L, Deng J, Zhuang H, Xiang K, Li T. The modulation of HBsAg level by sI126T is affected by additional amino acid substitutions in the S region of HBV. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:104006. [PMID: 31442597 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a vital serum marker for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Amino acid (AA) substitutions in small hepatitis B surface protein (SHBs) are known to affect HBsAg level. However, how the genetic backbones of SHBs sequences would affect the roles of a specific AA substitution on HBsAg level remains unclear. In this study, we found that sI126 had a very high substitution detection rate of 17.54% (40/228) in untreated chronic hepatitis B cohort with subgenotype C2 HBV infection. Among different substitution types at sI126, the sI126T (N = 28) was found to be associated with significantly lower serum HBsAg level. Clone sequencing revealed that sI126T-harboring SHBs sequences had varied genetic backbones with zero to nine additional AA substitutions. Thus, we constructed 24 HBsAg expression plasmids harboring sI126T without (plasmid 1, P1) or with (P2-P24) additional AA substitution(s) and studied them in the HepG2 cells. The HBsAg levels were determined by both ELISA and Western blot. In vitro experiments showed that P1 significantly reduced HBsAg level and its secretion (p < .05), however, P2-P24 showed various extracellular and intracellular HBsAg levels. No significant differences were detected among the HBsAg mRNA levels of nine representative mutant plasmids. Our findings suggest that the modulation of HBsAg level by sI126T is affected by additional AA substitution(s) in the S region of HBV. The effects of AA combination substitutions in SHBs sequences on HBsAg levels are worthwhile for more attentions in terms of HBV biology and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan He
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingze Su
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guomin Ou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kuanhui Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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Corti D, Benigni F, Shouval D. Viral envelope-specific antibodies in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 30:48-57. [PMID: 29738926 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular immune response associated with acute and chronic HBV infection has been thoroughly studied, the B cell response in chronic hepatitis B and the role of antibodies raised against the HBV envelope antigens in controlling and prevention of infection requires further investigation. The detection of anti-HBs antibodies is considered as one of the biomarkers for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as well as for protective immunity. Indeed, vaccine-induced neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies have been shown to protect against HBV challenge. Yet, the therapeutic potential of viral envelope-specific antibodies and the mechanism involved in protection and prevention of cell-to-cell transmission warrants additional investigative efforts. In this review, we will provide a critical overview of the available preclinical and clinical literature supporting the putative role of active and passive vaccination and neutralizing envelope-specific antibodies for therapeutic intervention in combination regimens intended to cure persistent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Shouval
- Liver Unit, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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