1
|
Yu F, Liu X, Ou H, Li X, Liu R, Lv X, Xiao S, Hu M, Liang T, Chen T, Wei X, Zhang Z, Liu S, Liu H, Zhu Y, Liu G, Tu T, Li P, Zhang H, Pan T, Ma X. The histamine receptor H1 acts as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2. mBio 2024; 15:e0108824. [PMID: 38953634 PMCID: PMC11324024 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01088-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous host factors, in addition to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), have been identified as coreceptors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrating broad viral tropism and diversified druggable potential. We and others have found that antihistamine drugs, particularly histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) antagonists, potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we provided compelling evidence that HRH1 acts as an alternative receptor for SARS-CoV-2 by directly binding to the viral spike protein. HRH1 also synergistically enhanced hACE2-dependent viral entry by interacting with hACE2. Antihistamine drugs effectively prevent viral infection by competitively binding to HRH1, thereby disrupting the interaction between the spike protein and its receptor. Multiple inhibition assays revealed that antihistamine drugs broadly inhibited the infection of various SARS-CoV-2 mutants with an average IC50 of 2.4 µM. The prophylactic function of these drugs was further confirmed by authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection assays and humanized mouse challenge experiments, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of antihistamine drugs for combating coronavirus disease 19.IMPORTANCEIn addition to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can utilize alternative cofactors to facilitate viral entry. In this study, we discovered that histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) not only functions as an independent receptor for SARS-CoV-2 but also synergistically enhances ACE2-dependent viral entry by directly interacting with ACE2. Further studies have demonstrated that HRH1 facilitates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 by directly binding to the N-terminal domain of the spike protein. Conversely, antihistamine drugs, primarily HRH1 antagonists, can competitively bind to HRH1 and thereby prevent viral entry. These findings revealed that the administration of repurposable antihistamine drugs could be a therapeutic intervention to combat coronavirus disease 19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Institute of Human
Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Hailan Ou
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Ruxin Liu
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xi Lv
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine,
South China University of Technology,
Guangzhou, Guangdong,
China
| | - Shiqi Xiao
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Taizhen Liang
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Xuepeng Wei
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglai Zhang
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- School of Biology and
Biological Engineering, South China University of
Technology, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Han Liu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Department of Pathogen
Biology, Shenyang Medical College,
Shenyang, Liaoning,
China
| | - Tianyong Tu
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human
Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Shenzhen Key
Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Inflammatory Diseases, Shenzhen
Campus of Sun Yat-sen University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xiancai Ma
- Medical Research
Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong
Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou National
Laboratory, Guangzhou International
Bio-Island, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory
of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for
Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the
First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical
University, Guangzhou,
Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Niaei N, Hassanpour S, Petr J. Chiral resolution of cationic piperazine derivatives by capillary electrophoresis using sulfated β-cyclodextrin. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38576224 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This research focuses on the development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the chiral separation of three H1-antihistamine drugs chlorcyclizine, norchlorcyclizine, and neobenodine using sulfated β-cyclodextrin (S-β-CD) as the chiral selector. The study explores various factors influencing the separation efficiency, including CD concentration, organic modifier content, voltage application, and buffer pH. Optimal conditions were identified as a 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with 34 mg mL-1 S-β-CD and 40% (v/v) methanol. The method demonstrated excellent linearity in calibration curves, with coefficients of determination exceeding 0.99 for each enantiomer. Precision studies revealed good intra- and inter-day precision for migration times and peak areas. The limits of detection and quantification for the analytes were within the ranges of 5.9-11.4 and 18-34.6 µmol L-1, respectively. Overall, the developed CE method offers a robust and precise approach for the chiral separation of H1-antihistamine drugs, holding promise for pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Niaei
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Petr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Berkowitz RL, Bluhm AP, Knox GW, McCurdy CR, Ostrov DA, Norris MH. Sigma Receptor Ligands Prevent COVID Mortality In Vivo: Implications for Future Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15718. [PMID: 37958703 PMCID: PMC10647780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of lethal coronaviruses follows a periodic pattern which suggests a recurring cycle of outbreaks. It remains uncertain as to when the next lethal coronavirus will emerge, though its eventual emergence appears to be inevitable. New mutations in evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants have provided resistance to current antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. This underscores the urgent need to investigate alternative therapeutic approaches. Sigma receptors have been unexpectedly linked to the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle due to the direct antiviral effect of their ligands. Coronavirus-induced cell stress facilitates the formation of an ER-derived complex conducive to its replication. Sigma receptor ligands are believed to prevent the formation of this complex. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs for COVID-19 offers a timely and cost-efficient strategy to find treatments with established safety profiles. Notably, diphenhydramine, a sigma receptor ligand, is thought to counteract the virus by inhibiting the creation of ER-derived replication vesicles. Furthermore, lactoferrin, a well-characterized immunomodulatory protein, has shown antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 both in laboratory settings and in living organisms. In the present study, we aimed to explore the impact of sigma receptor ligands on SARS-CoV-2-induced mortality in ACE2-transgenic mice. We assessed the effects of an investigational antiviral drug combination comprising a sigma receptor ligand and an immunomodulatory protein. Mice treated with sigma-2 receptor ligands or diphenhydramine and lactoferrin exhibited improved survival rates and rapid rebound in mass following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared to mock-treated animals. Clinical translation of these findings may support the discovery of new treatment and research strategies for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reed L. Berkowitz
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Andrew P. Bluhm
- Spatial Epidemiology and Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
| | - Glenn W. Knox
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Translational Drug Development Core, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David A. Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.B.); (D.A.O.)
| | - Michael H. Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Repurposing of the antihistamine mebhydrolin napadisylate for treatment of Zika virus infection. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106024. [PMID: 35901544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can lead to severe neurological disorders and fetal defects, which has become a public health problem worldwide. However, effective clinical treatment for ZIKV infection was still arduous. Antihistamines are attractive candidates for drug repurposing due to their low price and widespread availability. Here we screened FDA-approved antihistamine drugs to obtain anti-ZIKV candidate compounds and identified mebhydrolin napadisylate (MHL) that exhibits the potent inhibition of ZIKV infection in various cell lines in a histamine H1 receptor-independent manner. Mechanistic studies suggest that MHL acts as a ZIKV NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, supported by a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showing the correlation between the inhibitory effect upon viral RNA synthesis and ZIKV infectivity. Furthermore, MHL was shown to bind ZIKV NS5 RdRp in vitro and predicted to interact with key residues at the active site of ZIKV NS5 RdRp by molecular docking analysis. Our data together suggest that MHL suppresses ZIKV infection through the inhibition of ZIKV NS5 RdRp activity. This study highlights that MHL might be a promising clinical anti-ZIKV therapeutic.
Collapse
|
5
|
Travi BL. Current status of antihistamine drugs repurposing for infectious diseases. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
6
|
Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:155-170. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
7
|
Yang L, Pei RJ, Li H, Ma XN, Zhou Y, Zhu FH, He PL, Tang W, Zhang YC, Xiong J, Xiao SQ, Tong XK, Zhang B, Zuo JP. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors among already approved drugs. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1347-1353. [PMID: 33116249 PMCID: PMC7594953 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover effective drugs for COVID-19 treatment amongst already clinically approved drugs, we developed a high throughput screening assay for SARS-CoV-2 virus entry inhibitors using SARS2-S pseudotyped virus. An approved drug library of 1800 small molecular drugs was screened for SARS2 entry inhibitors and 15 active drugs were identified as specific SARS2-S pseudovirus entry inhibitors. Antiviral tests using native SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells confirmed that 7 of these drugs (clemastine, amiodarone, trimeprazine, bosutinib, toremifene, flupenthixol, and azelastine) significantly inhibited SARS2 replication, reducing supernatant viral RNA load with a promising level of activity. Three of the drugs were classified as histamine receptor antagonists with clemastine showing the strongest anti-SARS2 activity (EC50 = 0.95 ± 0.83 µM). Our work suggests that these 7 drugs could enter into further in vivo studies and clinical investigations for COVID-19 treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF. Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2887-2942. [PMID: 32787752 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200812215852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral diseases are responsible for several deaths around the world. Over the past few years, the world has seen several outbreaks caused by viral diseases that, for a long time, seemed to possess no risk. These are diseases that have been forgotten for a long time and, until nowadays, there are no approved drugs or vaccines, leading the pharmaceutical industry and several research groups to run out of time in the search for new pharmacological treatments or prevention methods. In this context, drug repurposing proves to be a fast and economically viable technique, considering the fact that it uses drugs that have a well-established safety profile. Thus, in this review, we present the main advances in drug repurposing and their benefit for searching new treatments against emerging viral diseases. METHODS We conducted a search in the bibliographic databases (Science Direct, Bentham Science, PubMed, Springer, ACS Publisher, Wiley, and NIH's COVID-19 Portfolio) using the keywords "drug repurposing", "emerging viral infections" and each of the diseases reported here (CoV; ZIKV; DENV; CHIKV; EBOV and MARV) as an inclusion/exclusion criterion. A subjective analysis was performed regarding the quality of the works for inclusion in this manuscript. Thus, the selected works were those that presented drugs repositioned against the emerging viral diseases presented here by means of computational, high-throughput screening or phenotype-based strategies, with no time limit and of relevant scientific value. RESULTS 291 papers were selected, 24 of which were CHIKV; 52 for ZIKV; 43 for DENV; 35 for EBOV; 10 for MARV; and 56 for CoV and the rest (72 papers) related to the drugs repurposing and emerging viral diseases. Among CoV-related articles, most were published in 2020 (31 papers), updating the current topic. Besides, between the years 2003 - 2005, 10 articles were created, and from 2011 - 2015, there were 7 articles, portraying the outbreaks that occurred at that time. For ZIKV, similar to CoV, most publications were during the period of outbreaks between the years 2016 - 2017 (23 articles). Similarly, most CHIKV (13 papers) and DENV (14 papers) publications occur at the same time interval. For EBOV (13 papers) and MARV (4 papers), they were between the years 2015 - 2016. Through this review, several drugs were highlighted that can be evolved in vivo and clinical trials as possible used against these pathogens showed that remdesivir represent potential treatments against CoV. Furthermore, ribavirin may also be a potential treatment against CHIKV; sofosbuvir against ZIKV; celgosivir against DENV, and favipiravir against EBOV and MARV, representing new hopes against these pathogens. CONCLUSION The conclusions of this review manuscript show the potential of the drug repurposing strategy in the discovery of new pharmaceutical products, as from this approach, drugs could be used against emerging viral diseases. Thus, this strategy deserves more attention among research groups and is a promising approach to the discovery of new drugs against emerging viral diseases and also other diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge S, Lu J, Hou Y, Lv Y, Wang C, He H. Azelastine inhibits viropexis of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus by binding to SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2. Virology 2021; 560:110-115. [PMID: 34052578 PMCID: PMC8144927 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A recent study have reported that pre-use of azelastine is associated with a decrease in COVID-19 positive test results among susceptible elderly people. Besides, it has been reported that antihistamine drugs could prevent viruses from entering cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether azelastine have antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and the possible mechanism. Here, we discovered antihistamine azelastine has an affinity to ACE2 by cell membrane chromatography (CMC); Then we determined the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of azelastine-ACE2 as (2.58 ± 0.48) × 10-7 M by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The results of molecular docking showed that azelastine could form an obvious hydrogen bond with Lys353. The pseudovirus infection experiments showed that azelastine effectively inhibited viral entry (EC50 = 3.834 μM). Our work provides a new perspective for the screening method of drug repositioning for COVID-19, and an attractive and promising drug candidate for anti-SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yajing Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yuexin Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No.76, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061 China; Institute of Vascular Materia Medica, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rajput A, Kumar A, Megha K, Thakur A, Kumar M. DrugRepV: a compendium of repurposed drugs and chemicals targeting epidemic and pandemic viruses. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:1076-1084. [PMID: 33480398 PMCID: PMC7929368 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are responsible for causing various epidemics and pandemics with a high mortality rate e.g. ongoing SARS-CoronaVirus-2 crisis. The discovery of novel antivirals remains a challenge but drug repurposing is emerging as a potential solution to develop antivirals in a cost-effective manner. In this regard, we collated the information of repurposed drugs tested for antiviral activity from literature and presented it in the form of a user-friendly web server named ‘DrugRepV’. The database contains 8485 entries (3448 unique) with biological, chemical, clinical and structural information of 23 viruses responsible to cause epidemics/pandemics. The database harbors browse and search options to explore the repurposed drug entries. The data can be explored by some important fields like drugs, viruses, drug targets, clinical trials, assays, etc. For summarizing the data, we provide overall statistics of the repurposed candidates. To make the database more informative, it is hyperlinked to various external repositories like DrugBank, PubChem, NCBI-Taxonomy, Clinicaltrials.gov, World Health Organization and many more. ‘DrugRepV’ database (https://bioinfo.imtech.res.in/manojk/drugrepv/) would be highly useful to the research community working to develop antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Rajput
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Archit Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Kirti Megha
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Anamika Thakur
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Virology Unit and Bioinformatics Centre, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Sector 39A, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Formulation, Stability, Pharmacokinetic, and Modeling Studies for Tests of Synergistic Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs against Ebola Virus In Vivo. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030566. [PMID: 33801811 PMCID: PMC7998926 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV) have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Milestones have been reached recently in the management of EBOV disease (EVD) with licensure of an EBOV vaccine and two monoclonal antibody therapies. However, neither vaccines nor therapies are available for other disease-causing filoviruses. In preparation for such outbreaks, and for more facile and cost-effective management of EVD, we seek a cocktail containing orally available and room temperature stable drugs with strong activity against multiple filoviruses. We previously showed that (bepridil + sertraline) and (sertraline + toremifene) synergistically suppress EBOV in cell cultures. Here, we describe steps towards testing these combinations in a mouse model of EVD. We identified a vehicle suitable for oral delivery of the component drugs and determined that, thus formulated the drugs are equally active against EBOV as preparations in DMSO, and they maintain activity upon storage in solution for up to seven days. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies indicated that the drugs in the oral delivery vehicle are well tolerated in mice at the highest doses tested. Collectively the data support advancement of these combinations to tests for synergy in a mouse model of EVD. Moreover, mathematical modeling based on human oral PK projects that the combinations would be more active in humans than their component single drugs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schafer A, Xiong R, Cooper L, Nowar R, Lee H, Li Y, Ramirez BE, Peet NP, Caffrey M, Thatcher GRJ, Saphire EO, Cheng H, Rong L. Evidence for distinct mechanisms of small molecule inhibitors of filovirus entry. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009312. [PMID: 33539432 PMCID: PMC7888603 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many small molecules have been identified as entry inhibitors of filoviruses. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanism of action for these molecules limits further their development as anti-filoviral agents. Here we provide evidence that toremifene and other small molecule entry inhibitors have at least three distinctive mechanisms of action and lay the groundwork for future development of anti-filoviral agents. The three mechanisms identified here include: (1) direct binding to the internal fusion loop region of Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP); (2) the HR2 domain is likely the main binding site for Marburg virus GP inhibitors and a secondary binding site for some EBOV GP inhibitors; (3) lysosome trapping of GP inhibitors increases drug exposure in the lysosome and further improves the viral inhibition. Importantly, small molecules targeting different domains on GP are synergistic in inhibiting EBOV entry suggesting these two mechanisms of action are distinct. Our findings provide important mechanistic insights into filovirus entry and rational drug design for future antiviral development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Raghad Nowar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,Biophysics core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.,NMR Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Norton P Peet
- Chicago BioSolutions Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stewart CM, Phan A, Bo Y, LeBlond ND, Smith TKT, Laroche G, Giguère PM, Fullerton MD, Pelchat M, Kobasa D, Côté M. Ebola virus triggers receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling to promote the delivery of viral particles to entry-conducive intracellular compartments. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009275. [PMID: 33513206 PMCID: PMC7875390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filoviruses, such as the Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are causative agents of sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers in humans. To infect cells, filoviruses are internalized via macropinocytosis and traffic through the endosomal pathway where host cathepsin-dependent cleavage of the viral glycoproteins occurs. Subsequently, the cleaved viral glycoprotein interacts with the late endosome/lysosome resident host protein, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). This interaction is hypothesized to trigger viral and host membrane fusion, which results in the delivery of the viral genome into the cytoplasm and subsequent initiation of replication. Some studies suggest that EBOV viral particles activate signaling cascades and host-trafficking factors to promote their localization with host factors that are essential for entry. However, the mechanism through which these activating signals are initiated remains unknown. By screening a kinase inhibitor library, we found that receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors potently block EBOV and MARV GP-dependent viral entry. Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine protein kinase Met (c-Met), and the insulin receptor (InsR)/insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocked filoviral GP-mediated entry and prevented growth of replicative EBOV in Vero cells. Furthermore, inhibitors of c-Met and InsR/IGF1R also blocked viral entry in macrophages, the primary targets of EBOV infection. Interestingly, while the c-Met and InsR/IGF1R inhibitors interfered with EBOV trafficking to NPC1, virus delivery to the receptor was not impaired in the presence of the EGFR inhibitor. Instead, we observed that the NPC1 positive compartments were phenotypically altered and rendered incompetent to permit viral entry. Despite their different mechanisms of action, all three RTK inhibitors tested inhibited virus-induced Akt activation, providing a possible explanation for how EBOV may activate signaling pathways during entry. In sum, these studies strongly suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases initiate signaling cascades essential for efficient post-internalization entry steps. Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) are zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. They are members of the growing Filoviridae family that also includes three other species of Ebolaviruses known to be highly pathogenic in humans. While vaccines for EBOV are being deployed and showed high efficacy, pan-filoviral treatment is still lacking. To infect cells, EBOV requires the endosomal/lysosomal resident protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). Accordingly, viral particles require extensive trafficking within endosomal pathways for entry and delivery of the viral genome into the host cell cytoplasm. Here, we used chemical biology to reveal that EBOV triggers receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-dependent signaling to traffic to intracellular vesicles that contain the receptor and are conducive to entry. The characterization of host trafficking factors and signaling pathways that are potentially triggered by the virus are important as these could be targeted for antiviral therapies. In our study, we identified several RTK inhibitors, some of which are FDA-approved drugs, that potently block EBOV infection. Since all filoviruses known to date, even Měnglà virus that was recently discovered in bats in China, use NPC1 as their entry receptor, these inhibitors have the potential to be effective pan-filovirus antivirals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina M. Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alexandra Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yuxia Bo
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas D. LeBlond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tyler K. T. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Patrick M. Giguère
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Morgan D. Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Marceline Côté
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Langer I, Latek D. Drug Repositioning For Allosteric Modulation of VIP and PACAP Receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:711906. [PMID: 34867774 PMCID: PMC8637020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.711906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two neuropeptides that contribute to the regulation of intestinal motility and secretion, exocrine and endocrine secretions, and homeostasis of the immune system. Their biological effects are mediated by three receptors named VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 that belong to class B GPCRs. VIP and PACAP receptors have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, pharmacological use of endogenous ligands for these receptors is limited by their lack of specificity (PACAP binds with high affinity to VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 receptors while VIP recognizes both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors), their poor oral bioavailability (VIP and PACAP are 27- to 38-amino acid peptides) and their short half-life. Therefore, the development of non-peptidic small molecules or specific stabilized peptidic ligands is of high interest. Structural similarities between VIP and PACAP receptors are major causes of difficulties in the design of efficient and selective compounds that could be used as therapeutics. In this study we performed structure-based virtual screening against the subset of the ZINC15 drug library. This drug repositioning screen provided new applications for a known drug: ticagrelor, a P2Y12 purinergic receptor antagonist. Ticagrelor inhibits both VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors which was confirmed in VIP-binding and calcium mobilization assays. A following analysis of detailed ticagrelor binding modes to all three VIP and PACAP receptors with molecular dynamics revealed its allosteric mechanism of action. Using a validated homology model of inactive VPAC1 and a recently released cryo-EM structure of active VPAC1 we described how ticagrelor could block conformational changes in the region of 'tyrosine toggle switch' required for the receptor activation. We also discuss possible modifications of ticagrelor comparing other P2Y12 antagonist - cangrelor, closely related to ticagrelor but not active for VPAC1/VPAC2. This comparison with inactive cangrelor could lead to further improvement of the ticagrelor activity and selectivity for VIP and PACAP receptor sub-types.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation/drug effects
- Binding Sites
- Computer Simulation
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Drug Repositioning/methods
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/chemistry
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/drug effects
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/chemistry
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/chemistry
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/drug effects
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Ticagrelor/chemistry
- Ticagrelor/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Langer
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Dorota Latek,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ennis M, Tiligada K. Histamine receptors and COVID-19. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:67-75. [PMID: 33206207 PMCID: PMC7673069 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports that the over-the-counter histamine H2 receptor antagonist famotidine could help treat the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared from April 2020. We, therefore, examined reports on interactions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and histamine receptor antagonists. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed by 19 September 2020, and updated on 28 October 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar using (COVID-19 OR coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (histamine antagonist OR famotidine OR cimetidine). ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for COVID-19 and (famotidine or histamine). RESULTS Famotidine may be a useful addition in COVID-19 treatment, but the results from prospective randomized trials are as yet awaited. Bioinformatics/drug repurposing studies indicated that, among several medicines, H1 and H2 receptor antagonists may interact with key viral enzymes. However, in vitro studies have to date failed to show a direct inhibition of famotidine on SARS-CoV-2 replication. CONCLUSIONS Clinical research into the potential benefits of H2 receptor antagonists in managing COVID-19 inflammation began from a simple observation and now is being tested in multi-centre clinical trials. The positive effects of famotidine may be due to H2 receptor-mediated immunomodulatory actions on mast cell histamine-cytokine cross-talk, rather than a direct action on SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Ennis
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Katerina Tiligada
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, M. Asias 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cooper L, Schafer A, Li Y, Cheng H, Medegan Fagla B, Shen Z, Nowar R, Dye K, Anantpadma M, Davey RA, Thatcher GRJ, Rong L, Xiong R. Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11085-11099. [PMID: 32886512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filoviridae, including Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, are emerging pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health. No agents have been approved to treat filovirus infections, representing a major unmet medical need. The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) toremifene was previously identified from a screen of FDA-approved drugs as a potent EBOV viral entry inhibitor, via binding to EBOV glycoprotein (GP). A focused screen of ER ligands identified ridaifen-B as a potent dual inhibitor of EBOV and MARV. Optimization and reverse-engineering to remove ER activity led to a novel compound 30 (XL-147) showing potent inhibition against infectious EBOV Zaire (0.09 μM) and MARV (0.64 μM). Mutagenesis studies confirmed that inhibition of EBOV viral entry is mediated by the direct interaction with GP. Importantly, compound 30 displayed a broad-spectrum antifilovirus activity against Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Měnglà viruses and is the first submicromolar antiviral agent reported for some of these strains, therefore warranting further development as a pan-filovirus inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Adam Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bani Medegan Fagla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Raghad Nowar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Katherine Dye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Napoli PE, Mangoni L, Gentile P, Braghiroli M, Fossarello M. A Panel of Broad-Spectrum Antivirals in Topical Ophthalmic Medications from the Drug Repurposing Approach during and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2441. [PMID: 32751615 PMCID: PMC7463888 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global concern of public health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its clinical manifestations are characterized by a heterogeneous group of symptoms and pictures (ranging from asymptomatic to lethal courses). The prevalence of conjunctivitis in patients with COVID-19 is at present controversial. Although it has been reported that only 0.9% developed signs of conjunctivitis, other report indicates that up to 31.6% of hospitalized patients had conjunctivitis. Considering the widespread use of topical ophthalmic medications (e.g., eye drops) by the general population, for various reasons (e.g., artificial tears, anti-glaucoma medications, topical antibiotics, etc.), the existence of their side effects as antiviral action should be investigated in-depth because it could possibly explain the aforementioned controversial data and represent a potential antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 replication/diffusion on the ocular surface. Here, we discuss and elucidate the antiviral side effect of many eye drops and ophthalmic ointments commonly used for others purposes, thus showing that these secondary effects (not to be confused with the 'adverse effects') might be of primary importance in a number of viral infections (e.g., those for which there is no validated treatment protocol), according to a drug repurposing approach. Some active ingredients or excipients described here have activity against other types of viruses, thus suggesting potential broad-spectrum applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Emanuele Napoli
- Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (P.G.); (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mangoni
- Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (P.G.); (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Pietro Gentile
- Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (P.G.); (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Mirco Braghiroli
- Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (P.G.); (M.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Maurizio Fossarello
- Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (L.M.); (P.G.); (M.B.); (M.F.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Development of coumarine derivatives as potent anti-filovirus entry inhibitors targeting viral glycoprotein. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112595. [PMID: 32707357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Filoviruses, including Ebolavirus (EBOV), Marburgvirus (MARV) and Cuevavirus, cause hemorrhagic fevers in humans with up to 90% mortality rates. In the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic, there are 15,261 laboratory confirmed cases and 11,325 total deaths. The lack of effective vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of filovirus infection in humans stresses the urgency to develop antiviral therapeutics against filovirus-associated diseases. Our previous study identified a histamine receptor antagonist compound CP19 as an entry inhibitor against both EBOV and MARV. The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of CP19 showed that its piperidine, coumarin and linker were related with its antiviral activities. In this study, we performed detailed SAR studies on these groups with synthesized CP19 derivatives. We discovered that 1) the piperidine group could be optimized with heterocycles, 2) the substitution groups of C3 and C4 of coumarin should be relatively large hydrophobic groups and 3) the linker part should be least substituted. Based on the SAR analysis, we synthesized compound 32 as a potent entry inhibitor of EBOV and MARV (IC50 = 0.5 μM for EBOV and 1.5 μM for MARV). The mutation studies of Ebola glycoprotein and molecular docking studies showed that the coumarin and its substituted groups of compound 32 bind to the pocket of Ebola glycoprotein in a similar way to the published entry inhibitor compound 118a. However, the carboxamide group of compound 32 does not have strong interaction with N61 as compound 118a does. The coumarin skeleton structure and the binding model of compound 32 elucidated by this study could be utilized to guide further design and optimization of entry inhibitors targeting the filovirus glycoproteins.
Collapse
|
19
|
Roy D, Panda G. Benzhydryl Amines: Synthesis and Their Biological Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19-30. [PMID: 31956747 PMCID: PMC6963937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The current review describes the recent progress in the chemistry and biology of the benzhydryl amines where the central carbon atom is directly attached to the nitrogen atom of one ring and which have published in the last five years (2015-2019). Both metal and metal-free racemic and asymmetric synthetic approaches along with their activities as anti-leishmanial, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-aromatase and other miscellaneous properties are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gautam Panda
- E-mail: , . Phone: 915222772450,
ext 4659. Fax: 915222771941
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roy D, Verma A, Banerjee A, Saha S, Panda G. Metal free highly efficient C–N bond formation through 1,6-addition: synthesis and photophysical studies of diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs). NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal free, proficient strategy for the one-pot synthesis of diverse diaryl methyl amino acid esters (DMAAEs) has been established from the easily accessible chiral amino acid esters and para-quinone methides (QMs) in very good to excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Roy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Abhineet Verma
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Arpita Banerjee
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Satyen Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi 221005
- India
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow 226031
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos FRS, Nunes DAF, Lima WG, Davyt D, Santos LL, Taranto AG, M. S. Ferreira J. Identification of Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Drug Repurposing Approaches. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 60:731-737. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe R. S. Santos
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Damiana A. F. Nunes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - William G. Lima
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Danilo Davyt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Luciana L. Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São, João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alex G. Taranto
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica Medicinal, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Jaqueline M. S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Médica, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salata C, Calistri A, Alvisi G, Celestino M, Parolin C, Palù G. Ebola Virus Entry: From Molecular Characterization to Drug Discovery. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030274. [PMID: 30893774 PMCID: PMC6466262 DOI: 10.3390/v11030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most lethal transmissible infections, characterized by a high fatality rate, and caused by a member of the Filoviridae family. The recent large outbreak of EVD in Western Africa (2013–2016) highlighted the worldwide threat represented by the disease and its impact on global public health and the economy. The development of highly needed anti-Ebola virus antivirals has been so far hampered by the shortage of tools to study their life cycle in vitro, allowing to screen for potential active compounds outside a biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. Importantly, the development of surrogate models to study Ebola virus entry in a BSL-2 setting, such as viral pseudotypes and Ebola virus-like particles, tremendously boosted both our knowledge of the viral life cycle and the identification of promising antiviral compounds interfering with viral entry. In this context, the combination of such surrogate systems with large-scale small molecule compounds and haploid genetic screenings, as well as rational drug design and drug repurposing approaches will prove priceless in our quest for the development of a treatment for EVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Salata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Arianna Calistri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gualtiero Alvisi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michele Celestino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Cristina Parolin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Palù
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, IT-35121 Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cui Q, Cheng H, Xiong R, Zhang G, Du R, Anantpadma M, Davey RA, Rong L. Identification of Diaryl-Quinoline Compounds as Entry Inhibitors of Ebola Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120678. [PMID: 30513600 PMCID: PMC6315506 DOI: 10.3390/v10120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus is the causative agent of Ebola virus disease in humans. The lethality of Ebola virus infection is about 50%, supporting the urgent need to develop anti-Ebola drugs. Glycoprotein (GP) is the only surface protein of the Ebola virus, which is functionally critical for the virus to attach and enter the host cells, and is a promising target for anti-Ebola virus drug development. In this study, using the recombinant HIV-1/Ebola pseudovirus platform we previously established, we evaluated a small molecule library containing various quinoline compounds for anti-Ebola virus entry inhibitors. Some of the quinoline compounds specifically inhibited the entry of the Ebola virus. Among them, compound SYL1712 was the most potent Ebola virus entry inhibitor with an IC50 of ~1 μM. The binding of SYL1712 to the vial glycoprotein was computationally modeled and was predicted to interact with specific residues of GP. We used the time of the addition assay to show that compound SYL1712 blocks Ebola GP-mediated entry. Finally, consistent with being an Ebola virus entry inhibitor, compound SYL1712 inhibited infectious Ebola virus replication in tissue culture under biosafety level 4 containment, with an IC50 of 2 μM. In conclusion, we identified several related molecules with a diaryl-quinoline scaffold as potential anti-EBOV entry inhibitors, which can be further optimized for anti-Ebola drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, 401P, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, 401P, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|