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Sherwood M, Zhou Y, Sui Y, Wang Y, Skipp P, Kaid C, Gray J, Okamoto K, Ewing RM. Integrated re-analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic datasets reveals potential mechanisms for Zika viral-based oncolytic therapy in neuroblastoma. F1000Res 2024; 12:719. [PMID: 38903860 PMCID: PMC11187533 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132627.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric neuroblastoma and brain tumours account for a third of all childhood cancer-related mortality. High-risk neuroblastoma is highly aggressive and survival is poor despite intensive multi-modal therapies with significant toxicity. Novel therapies are desperately needed. The Zika virus (ZIKV) can access the nervous system and there is growing interest in employing ZIKV as a potential therapy against paediatric nervous system tumours, including neuroblastoma. Methods Here, we perform extensive data mining, integration and re-analysis of ZIKV infection datasets to highlight molecular mechanisms that may govern the oncolytic response in neuroblastoma cells. We collate infection data of multiple neuroblastoma cell lines by different ZIKV strains from a body of published literature to inform the susceptibility of neuroblastoma to the ZIKV oncolytic response. Integrating published transcriptomics, interaction proteomics, dependency factor and compound datasets we propose the involvement of multiple host systems during ZIKV infection. Results Through data mining of published literature, we observed most paediatric neuroblastoma cell lines to be highly susceptible to ZIKV infection and propose the PRVABC59 ZIKV strain to be the most promising candidate for neuroblastoma oncolytic virotherapy. ZIKV induces TNF signalling, lipid metabolism, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and downregulates cell cycle and DNA replication processes. ZIKV infection is dependent on sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-regulated lipid metabolism and three protein complexes; V-ATPase, ER Membrane Protein Complex (EMC) and mammalian translocon. We propose ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) as a likely mediator of ZIKVs interaction with IRE1-mediated UPR, lipid metabolism and mammalian translocon. Conclusions Our work provides a significant understanding of ZIKV infection in neuroblastoma cells, which will facilitate the progression of ZIKV-based oncolytic virotherapy through pre-clinical research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Sherwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yilu Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yi Sui
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Skipp
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Center (HUG-CELL), Biosciences Institute, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliet Gray
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK
| | - Keith Okamoto
- Human Genome and Stem-Cell Center (HUG-CELL), Biosciences Institute, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, SO17 1BJ, UK
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2
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Tan YJ, Jin Y, Zhou J, Yang YF. Lipid droplets in pathogen infection and host immunity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:449-464. [PMID: 37993536 PMCID: PMC10834987 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the hub of cellular lipid metabolism, lipid droplets (LDs) have been linked to a variety of biological processes. During pathogen infection, the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs are tightly regulated. The accumulation of LDs has been described as a hallmark of pathogen infection and is thought to be driven by pathogens for their own benefit. Recent studies have revealed that LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators contribute to effective immunological responses to pathogen infection by promoting host stress tolerance and reducing toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate roles of LDs in governing the replication and assembly of a wide spectrum of pathogens within host cells. We also discuss the regulatory function of LDs in host immunity and highlight the potential for targeting LDs for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yun-Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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3
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Liu MH, Lin XL, Xiao LL. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein promotes TMAO-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102276. [PMID: 37979395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) activation and cytokine level were significantly increased in coronavirus disease-19. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an amplifier for cellular inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the modulatory effect of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (SARS-CoV-2 NP) on trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the underlying mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Our data indicated that SARS-CoV-2 NP activates the dissociation of the SREBP cleavage activating protein (SCAP) from the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in SREBP activation, increased lipogenic gene expression, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. TMAO was applied to VSMC-induced NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting the SCAP-SREBP complex endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi translocation, which facilitates directly binding of SARS-CoV-2 NP to the NLRP3 protein for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified the TMAO-induced lipogenic gene expression and NLRP3 inflammasome. Knockdown of SCAP-SREBP2 can effectively reduce lipogenic gene expression and alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated systemic inflammation in VSMCs stimulated with TMAO and SARS-CoV-2 NP. These results reveal that SARS-CoV-2 NP amplified TMAO-induced lipogenesis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via priming the SCAP-SREBP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Long Lin
- Department of Pathology, Hui Zhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou City, Guangdong 516002, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Le Xiao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Joshi RK, Agarwal S, Patil P, Alagarasu K, Panda K, Prashar C, Kakade M, Davuluri KS, Cherian S, Parashar D, Pandey KC, Roy S. Effect of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. on dengue virus-2: An in vitro and in silico study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116044. [PMID: 36528212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. (Euphorbiaceae) commonly known as "multigreen" and "multivitamin" is consumed as a vegetable and used in traditional medicine to relieve fever. AIM OF THE STUDY This in vitro study is aimed to explore the activities of the lipophilic fraction of the leaves of S. androgynus (LFSA) against dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses and malaria (P. falciparum strain 3D7) parasite. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LFSA was analyzed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. The antiviral activity of LFSA was studied using the Vero CCL-81 cell line. The cytotoxicity assay was performed using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Focus forming unit (FFU), cell-based immunofluorescence (IFA) assays, and quantitative RT-PCR, were used to determine and confirm antiviral activity against DENV and CHIKV. The antiparasitic activity of LFSA was carried out against P. falciparum strain 3D7 grown in fresh O+ human erythrocytes culture. RESULTS Twelve compounds were identified in LFSA using GC/MS. The most abundant compound was squalene (36.9%), followed by vitamin E (12.5%) and linolenic acid (10.2%). Significant reduction in DENV titre was observed under pre- and post-infection treatment conditions at a concentration of 31.25 μg/ml, but no anti-malarial and anti-CHIKV activity was observed. The Autodock-Vina-based in-silico docking study revealed that β-sitosterol could form a strong interaction with the DENV E glycoprotein. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that LFSA can inhibit DENV infection and might act as a potent prophylactic/therapeutic agent against DENV-2. In-silico results suggested that β-sitosterol may block the viral entry by inhibiting the fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Joshi
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shivankar Agarwal
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Poonam Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalichamy Alagarasu
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kingshuk Panda
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cherish Prashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, Delhi, India; AcSIRAcademic Council of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mahadeo Kakade
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kusuma S Davuluri
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sarah Cherian
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepti Parashar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Kailash C Pandey
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110077, Delhi, India; AcSIRAcademic Council of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, 590010, Karnataka, India
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5
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Bost C, Hartlaub J, Pinho Dos Reis V, Strecker T, Seidah NG, Groschup MH, Diederich S, Fischer K. The proprotein convertase SKI-1/S1P is a critical host factor for Nairobi sheep disease virus infectivity. Virus Res 2023; 329:199099. [PMID: 36948228 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) belongs to the Orthonairovirus genus in the Bunyavirales order and is genetically related to human-pathogenic Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). NSDV is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted by ticks and primarily affects naïve small ruminants in which infection leads to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic gastroenteritis. Despite its veterinary importance and the striking similarities in the clinical picture between NSDV-infected ruminants and CCHFV patients, the molecular pathogenesis of NSDV and its interactions with the host cell are largely unknown. Here, we identify the membrane-bound proprotein convertase site-1 protease (S1P), also known as subtilisin/kexin-isozyme-1 (SKI-1), as a host factor affecting NSDV infectivity. Absence of S1P in SRD-12B cells, a clonal CHO-K1 cell variant with a genetic defect in the S1P gene (MBTPS1), results in significantly decreased NSDV infectivity while transient complementation of SKI-1/S1P rescues NSDV infection. SKI-1/S1P is dispensable for virus uptake but critically required for production of infectious virus progeny. Moreover, we provide evidence that SKI-1/S1P is involved in the posttranslational processing of the NSDV glycoprotein precursor. Our results demonstrate the role of SKI-1/S1P in the virus life cycle of NSDV and suggest that this protease is a common host factor for orthonairoviruses and may thus represent a promising broadly-effective, indirect antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Julia Hartlaub
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Strecker
- Institute for Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), affiliated to the University of Montreal, Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Diederich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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6
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Dias SSG, Cunha-Fernandes T, Souza-Moreira L, Soares VC, Lima GB, Azevedo-Quintanilha IG, Santos J, Pereira-Dutra F, Freitas C, Reis PA, Rehen SK, Bozza FA, Souza TML, de Almeida CJG, Bozza PT. Metabolic reprogramming and lipid droplets are involved in Zika virus replication in neural cells. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:61. [PMID: 36882750 PMCID: PMC9992922 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a global public health concern linked to adult neurological disorders and congenital diseases in newborns. Host lipid metabolism, including lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis, has been associated with viral replication and pathogenesis of different viruses. However, the mechanisms of LD formation and their roles in ZIKV infection in neural cells are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV regulates the expression of pathways associated with lipid metabolism, including the upregulation and activation of lipogenesis-associated transcription factors and decreased expression of lipolysis-associated proteins, leading to significant LD accumulation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in neural stem cells (NSCs). Pharmacological inhibition of DGAT-1 decreased LD accumulation and ZIKV replication in vitro in human cells and in an in vivo mouse model of infection. In accordance with the role of LDs in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity, we show that blocking LD formation has major roles in inflammatory cytokine production in the brain. Moreover, we observed that inhibition of DGAT-1 inhibited the weight loss and mortality induced by ZIKV infection in vivo. Our results reveal that LD biogenesis triggered by ZIKV infection is a crucial step for ZIKV replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism and LD biogenesis may represent potential strategies for anti-ZIKV treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Silva Gomes Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tamires Cunha-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Souza-Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Cardoso Soares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Imunologia e Inflamação, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giselle Barbosa Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Santos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Freitas
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Reis
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stevens Kastrup Rehen
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas (INI), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Lopes Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Inovação em Doenças de Populações Negligenciadas (INCT/IDPN), Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, (CDTS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecilia J G de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Proprotein convertases regulate trafficking and maturation of key proteins within the secretory pathway. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:1-54. [PMID: 36707198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein Convertases (PCs) are serine endoproteases that regulate the homeostasis of protein substrates in the cell. The PCs family counts 9 members-PC1/3, PC2, PC4, PACE4, PC5/6, PC7, Furin, SKI-1/S1P, and PCSK9. The first seven PCs are known as Basic Proprotein Convertases due to their propensity to cleave after polybasic clusters. SKI-1/S1P requires the additional presence of hydrophobic residues for processing, whereas PCSK9 is catalytically dead after autoactivation and exerts its functions using mechanisms alternative to direct cleavage. All PCs traffic through the canonical secretory pathway, reaching different compartments where the various substrates reside. Despite PCs members do not share the same subcellular localization, most of the cellular organelles count one or more Proprotein Convertases, including ER, Golgi stack, endosomes, secretory granules, and plasma membranes. The widespread expression of these enzymes at the systemic level speaks for their importance in the homeostasis of a large number of biological functions. Among others, PCs cleave precursors of hormones and growth factors and activate receptors and transcription factors. Notably, dysregulation of the enzymatic activity of Proprotein Convertases is associated to major human pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, infections, inflammation, autoimmunity diseases, and Parkinson. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, Furin has further attracted the attention as a key player for conferring high pathogenicity to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we review the Proprotein Convertases family and their most important substrates along the secretory pathway. Knowledge about the complex functions of PCs is important to identify potential drug strategies targeting this class of enzymes.
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8
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Essalmani R, Andréo U, Evagelidis A, Le Dévéhat M, Pereira Ramos OH, Fruchart Gaillard C, Susan-Resiga D, Cohen ÉA, Seidah NG. SKI-1/S1P Facilitates SARS-CoV-2 Spike Induced Cell-to-Cell Fusion via Activation of SREBP-2 and Metalloproteases, Whereas PCSK9 Enhances the Degradation of ACE2. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020360. [PMID: 36851576 PMCID: PMC9959508 DOI: 10.3390/v15020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertases activate various envelope glycoproteins and participate in cellular entry of many viruses. We recently showed that the convertase furin is critical for the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2, which requires cleavage of its spike protein (S) at two sites: S1/S2 and S2'. This study investigates the implication of the two cholesterol-regulating convertases SKI-1 and PCSK9 in SARS-CoV-2 entry. The assays used were cell-to-cell fusion in HeLa cells and pseudoparticle entry into Calu-3 cells. SKI-1 increased cell-to-cell fusion by enhancing the activation of SREBP-2, whereas PCSK9 reduced cell-to-cell fusion by promoting the cellular degradation of ACE2. SKI-1 activity led to enhanced S2' formation, which was attributed to increased metalloprotease activity as a response to enhanced cholesterol levels via activated SREBP-2. However, high metalloprotease activity resulted in the shedding of S2' into a new C-terminal fragment (S2″), leading to reduced cell-to-cell fusion. Indeed, S-mutants that increase S2″ formation abolished S2' and cell-to-cell fusion, as well as pseudoparticle entry, indicating that the formation of S2″ prevents SARS-CoV-2 cell-to-cell fusion and entry. We next demonstrated that PCSK9 enhanced the cellular degradation of ACE2, thereby reducing cell-to-cell fusion. However, different from the LDLR, a canonical target of PCSK9, the C-terminal CHRD domain of PCSK9 is dispensable for the PCSK9-induced degradation of ACE2. Molecular modeling suggested the binding of ACE2 to the Pro/Catalytic domains of mature PCSK9. Thus, both cholesterol-regulating convertases SKI-1 and PCSK9 can modulate SARS-CoV-2 entry via two independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Essalmani
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ursula Andréo
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Maïlys Le Dévéhat
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Oscar Henrique Pereira Ramos
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SI-MoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carole Fruchart Gaillard
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, SI-MoS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Éric A. Cohen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, 110 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-987-5609
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9
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Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor, CP640186, Effectively Inhibited Dengue Virus (DENV) Infection via Regulating ACC Phosphorylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238583. [PMID: 36500675 PMCID: PMC9739643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease and is caused by the dengue virus (DENV). There is still a lack of efficient drugs against DENV infection, so it is urgent to develop new inhibitors for future clinical use. Our previous research indicated the role of VEGFR2/AMPK in regulating cellular metabolism during DENV infection, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is located downstream of AMPK and plays a crucial role in mediating cellular lipid synthesis; therefore, we speculated that an ACC inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent against DENV. Luckily, we found that CP640186, a reported noncompetitive ACC inhibitor, significantly inhibited DENV proliferation, and CP640186 clearly reduced DENV2 proliferation at an early stage with an EC50 of 0.50 μM. A mechanism study indicated that CP640186 inhibited ACC activation and destroyed the cellular lipid environment for viral proliferation. In the DENV2 infection mice model, oral CP640186 administration (10 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the mice survival rate after DENV2 infection. In summary, our research suggests that lipid synthesis plays an important role during DENV2 proliferation and indicates that CP640186 is a promising drug candidate against DNEV2 in the future.
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Xu MM, Wu B, Huang GG, Feng CL, Wang XH, Wang HY, Wu YW, Tang W. Hemin protects against Zika virus infection by disrupting virus-endosome fusion. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Upadhya S, Rehman J, Malik AB, Chen S. Mechanisms of Lung Injury Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:88-100. [PMID: 34698589 PMCID: PMC8873036 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00033.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the major target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes COVID-19. Here, we outline the multistep mechanisms of lung epithelial and endothelial injury induced by SARS-CoV-2: direct viral infection, chemokine/cytokine-mediated damage, and immune cell-mediated lung injury. Finally, we discuss the recent progress in terms of antiviral therapeutics as well as the development of anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches. This review also provides a systematic overview of the models for studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and discusses how an understanding of mechanisms of lung injury will help identify potential targets for future drug development to mitigate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsara Upadhya
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Fader Kaiser CM, Romano PS, Vanrell MC, Pocognoni CA, Jacob J, Caruso B, Delgui LR. Biogenesis and Breakdown of Lipid Droplets in Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826248. [PMID: 35198567 PMCID: PMC8860030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have long been considered as mere fat drops; however, LD have lately been revealed to be ubiquitous, dynamic and to be present in diverse organelles in which they have a wide range of key functions. Although incompletely understood, the biogenesis of eukaryotic LD initiates with the synthesis of neutral lipids (NL) by enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The accumulation of NL leads to their segregation into nanometric nuclei which then grow into lenses between the ER leaflets as they are further filled with NL. The lipid composition and interfacial tensions of both ER and the lenses modulate their shape which, together with specific ER proteins, determine the proneness of LD to bud from the ER toward the cytoplasm. The most important function of LD is the buffering of energy. But far beyond this, LD are actively integrated into physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, control of protein homeostasis, sequestration of toxic lipid metabolic intermediates, protection from stress, and proliferation of tumours. Besides, LD may serve as platforms for pathogen replication and defense. To accomplish these functions, from biogenesis to breakdown, eukaryotic LD have developed mechanisms to travel within the cytoplasm and to establish contact with other organelles. When nutrient deprivation occurs, LD undergo breakdown (lipolysis), which begins with the LD-associated members of the perilipins family PLIN2 and PLIN3 chaperone-mediated autophagy degradation (CMA), a specific type of autophagy that selectively degrades a subset of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Indeed, PLINs CMA degradation is a prerequisite for further true lipolysis, which occurs via cytosolic lipases or by lysosome luminal lipases when autophagosomes engulf portions of LD and target them to lysosomes. LD play a crucial role in several pathophysiological processes. Increased accumulation of LD in non-adipose cells is commonly observed in numerous infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections, and is gradually recognized as a prominent characteristic in a variety of cancers. This review discusses current evidence related to the modulation of LD biogenesis and breakdown caused by intracellular pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Fader Kaiser
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia S Romano
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Vanrell
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julieta Jacob
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamín Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas y Tecnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
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