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Neuroendocrine Tumor Therapy Response Assessment. PET Clin 2023; 18:267-286. [PMID: 36858748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy has become an integral part of management of neuroendocrine neoplasms. Gallium-68- and lutetium-177-labeled somatostatin receptor analogues have replaced yttrium-90- and 111-indium-based tracers. Several newer targeted therapies are also being used in clinical and research settings. It is imperative to accurately evaluate the response to these agents. The characteristics of NENs and the response patterns of the targeted therapies make response assessment in this group challenging. This article provides an overview of the strengths and weaknesses of the various biomarkers available for response assessment.
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Machida M, Ambo M, Mishina R, Hada N, Tachibana F, Yamashita M, Konda A, Tsuji K. Integrated Predictors by Propensity Scoring With Tumor Markers and Plasma Levels of microRNA-21-5p, IL-17, and IL-10 Complement Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231212084. [PMID: 37960842 PMCID: PMC10647953 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231212084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The clinical usefulness of tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP) in the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), including those with marker decline after antiviral therapy, is limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are expected to complement detection; however, their details remain unknown. Our prospective pilot study aimed to improve the surveillance of HCC high-risk LC patients by propensity scoring with tumor markers and additional predictors. Methods: Tumor markers and plasma levels of cytokines and miRNAs were observationally measured and statistically evaluated with propensity scoring in 85 eligible patients: 43 with current HCC (cHCC) including 8 with early-HCC, 22 with previous HCC cured (pHCC), and 20 with intact LC (iLC). Results: The analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) showed that the best single predictor was AFP (0.794 for cHCC-discrimination and 0.771 for pHCC-discrimination). AFP-DCP integrated with miR-21-5p for cHCC-discrimination was 0.896; with IL-10 for pHCC-discrimination was 0.872, these were significantly better than those of AFP alone, independently (P < .01). The best single predictor for iLC-discrimination was IL-17 level (0.756). IL-17 integrated with AFP-DCP was 0.882, which was significantly better than that of IL-17 alone (P < .01). The positive likelihood ratio (pLR) for cHCC-discrimination by integration of AFP-DCP and miR-21-5p was 32.2. Preliminary validation analysis of early-HCCs compared to conventional AFP and DCP showed the combinations of AFP-DCP and 3 integrated predictors, miR-21-5p for cHCC-discrimination, IL-10 for pHCC-discrimination, and IL-17 for iLC-discrimination, sensitivity, specificity, and pLR, improved from 37.5% to 62.5%, 55.8% to 83.1%, and 0.85 to 3.70, respectively. Conclusion: The predictors of AFP-DCP combined with iR-21-5p, IL-10, and IL-17 by propensity scoring achieved higher discrimination of cHCCs, pHCCs, and iLCs, may be beneficial for the surveillance of early-HCCs, improving prediction of early-HCCs over conventional methods. However, further validation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Machida
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ambo
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Runa Mishina
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Nanaka Hada
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fuhito Tachibana
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ainari Konda
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuji
- Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Center of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Hokkaido, Japan
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Ding J, Zhao W. The Application of Liquid Biopsy Techniques in High-Risk Population for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:2735-2748. [PMID: 36133739 PMCID: PMC9484767 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s373165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system and has a 5-year overall survival rate of 14.1%. Many HCC patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and thus early screening is essential for reducing the mortality of HCC. In addition to commonly used detection indicators such as serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) and abnormal prothrombin (protein induced by vitamin K absence II, PIVKA-II), liquid biopsy techniques have been demonstrated to have diagnostic value in HCC detection. Compared with invasive procedures, liquid biopsy can detect circulatory metabolites of malignant neoplasms. Liquid biopsy techniques can detect circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, circulating RNA and exosomes and have been used in the early screening, diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HCC. This paper reviews the molecular biological characteristics and application of different liquid biopsy techniques, and aim to highlight promising biomarkers that may be feasible options for early-stage HCC evaluation to improve early screening in populations at high risk for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnuo Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, JiangSu Province, 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, JiangSu Province, 215000, People's Republic of China
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Gualdrón-López M, Díaz-Varela M, Zanghi G, Aparici-Herraiz I, Steel RW, Schäfer C, Cuscó P, Chuenchob V, Kangwangransan N, Billman ZP, Olsen TM, González JR, Roobsoong W, Sattabongkot J, Murphy SC, Mikolajczak SA, Borràs E, Sabidó E, Fernandez-Becerra C, Flannery EL, Kappe SH, del Portillo HA. Mass Spectrometry Identification of Biomarkers in Extracellular Vesicles From Plasmodium vivax Liver Hypnozoite Infections. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100406. [PMID: 36030044 PMCID: PMC9520272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent liver stages termed hypnozoites cause relapsing Plasmodium vivax malaria infection and represent a major obstacle in the goal of malaria elimination. Hypnozoites are clinically undetectable, and presently, there are no biomarkers of this persistent parasite reservoir in the human liver. Here, we have identified parasite and human proteins associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from in vivo infections exclusively containing hypnozoites. We used P. vivax-infected human liver-chimeric (huHEP) FRG KO mice treated with the schizonticidal experimental drug MMV048 as hypnozoite infection model. Immunofluorescence-based quantification of P. vivax liver forms showed that MMV048 removed schizonts from chimeric mice livers. Proteomic analysis of EVs derived from FRG huHEP mice showed that human EV cargo from infected FRG huHEP mice contain inflammation markers associated with active schizont replication and identified 66 P. vivax proteins. To identify hypnozoite-specific proteins associated with EVs, we mined the proteome data from MMV048-treated mice and performed an analysis involving intragroup and intergroup comparisons across all experimental conditions followed by a peptide compatibility analysis with predicted spectra to warrant robust identification. Only one protein fulfilled this stringent top-down selection, a putative filamin domain-containing protein. This study sets the stage to unveil biological features of human liver infections and identify biomarkers of hypnozoite infection associated with EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Gualdrón-López
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Díaz-Varela
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gigliola Zanghi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Iris Aparici-Herraiz
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ryan W.J. Steel
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carola Schäfer
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pol Cuscó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vorada Chuenchob
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Niwat Kangwangransan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zachary P. Billman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tayla M. Olsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Juan R. González
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wanlapa Roobsoong
- MVRU, Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sean C. Murphy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sebastian A. Mikolajczak
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eva Borràs
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sabidó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Becerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erika L. Flannery
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stefan H.I. Kappe
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hernando A. del Portillo
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain,IGTP, Institute for Health Sciences Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain,ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain,For correspondence: Hernando A. del Portillo
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Habash NW, Sehrawat TS, Shah VH, Cao S. Epigenetics of alcohol-related liver diseases. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100466. [PMID: 35462859 PMCID: PMC9018389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is a primary cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Despite advances in the diagnosis and management of ARLD, it remains a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality, emphasising the need to adopt novel approaches to the study of ARLD and its complications. Epigenetic changes are increasingly being recognised as contributing to the pathogenesis of multiple disease states. Harnessing the power of innovative technologies for the study of epigenetics (e.g., next-generation sequencing, DNA methylation assays, histone modification profiling and computational techniques like machine learning) has resulted in a seismic shift in our understanding of the pathophysiology of ARLD. Knowledge of these techniques and advances is of paramount importance for the practicing hepatologist and researchers alike. Accordingly, in this review article we will summarise the current knowledge about alcohol-induced epigenetic alterations in the context of ARLD, including but not limited to, DNA hyper/hypo methylation, histone modifications, changes in non-coding RNA, 3D chromatin architecture and enhancer-promoter interactions. Additionally, we will discuss the state-of-the-art techniques used in the study of ARLD (e.g. single-cell sequencing). We will also highlight the epigenetic regulation of chemokines and their proinflammatory role in the context of ARLD. Lastly, we will examine the clinical applications of epigenetics in the diagnosis and management of ARLD.
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Key Words
- 3C, chromosome conformation capture
- 4C, chromosome conformation capture-on-chip
- AH, alcohol-related hepatitis
- ARLD, alcohol-related liver disease
- ASH, alcohol-related steatohepatitis
- ATAC, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin
- Acetylation
- Alcohol liver disease
- BET, bromodomain and extraterminal motif
- BETi, BET inhibitor
- BRD, bromodomain
- CCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
- CTCF, CCCTC-binding factor
- CXCL, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand
- Chromatin architecture
- Computational biology
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- E-P, enhancer-promoter
- Epidrugs
- Epigenetics
- FKBP5, FK506-binding protein 5
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF1α, hypoxia inducible factor-1α
- HMGB1, high-mobility group box protein 1
- HNF4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hi-C, chromosome capture followed by high-throughput sequencing
- Histones
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MALAT1, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MECP2, methyl-CpG binding protein 2
- NAFLD, non-alcohol-related fatty liver disease
- PPARG, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ
- SAA, salvianolic acid A
- SIRT, sirtuin
- SREBPs, sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
- Single cell epigenome
- TAD, topologically associating domain
- TEAD, TEA domain transcription factor
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- YAP, Yes-associated protein
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay H. Shah
- Corresponding authors. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Tel. 507-255-6028, fax: 507-255-6318.
| | - Sheng Cao
- Corresponding authors. Address: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Tel. 507-255-6028, fax: 507-255-6318.
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Świecka M, Maślińska M. Liquid Biopsy and Its Emerging Role in Rheumatology. Crit Rev Immunol 2022; 42:13-19. [PMID: 36374818 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2022045288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a rapidly evolving diagnostic technique used to analyze tissue-derived information found in the blood or other bodily fluids. It represents a new way to guide therapeutic decisions, mainly in cancer, but its application in other fields of medicine is still growing. Here, we discuss how liquid biopsy has been used in autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or primary Sjögren's syndrome. Additionally, in aspect of liquid biopsy, we analyze the molecular biomarkers utilized in the field of rheumatology, including circulating cell-free DNA, microRNA, and proteomic content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Świecka
- Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation named Professor Eleonora Reicher, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Early Arthritis Clinic, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation named Professor Eleonora Reicher, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Cave MC, Pinkston CM, Rai SN, Wahlang B, Pavuk M, Head KZ, Carswell GK, Nelson GM, Klinge CM, Bell DA, Birnbaum LS, Chorley BN. Circulating MicroRNAs, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Environmental Liver Disease in the Anniston Community Health Survey. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:17003. [PMID: 34989596 PMCID: PMC8734566 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures have been associated with liver injury in human cohorts, and steatohepatitis with liver necrosis in model systems. MicroRNAs (miRs) maintain cellular homeostasis and may regulate the response to environmental stress. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that specific miRs are associated with liver disease and PCB exposures in a residential cohort. METHODS Sixty-eight targeted hepatotoxicity miRs were measured in archived serum from 734 PCB-exposed participants in the cross-sectional Anniston Community Health Survey. Necrotic and other liver disease categories were defined by serum keratin 18 (K18) biomarkers. Associations were determined between exposure biomarkers (35 ortho-substituted PCB congeners) and disease biomarkers (highly expressed miRs or previously measured cytokines), and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed. RESULTS The necrotic liver disease category was associated with four up-regulated miRs (miR-99a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, and miR-320a) and five down-regulated miRs (let-7d-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-197-3p, and miR-221-3p). Twenty-two miRs were associated with the other liver disease category or with K18 measurements. Eleven miRs were associated with 24 PCBs, most commonly congeners with anti-estrogenic activities. Most of the exposure-associated miRs were associated with at least one serum hepatocyte death, pro-inflammatory cytokine or insulin resistance bioarker, or with both. Within each biomarker category, associations were strongest for the liver-specific miR-122-5p. Pathways of liver toxicity that were identified included inflammation/hepatitis, hyperplasia/hyperproliferation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor protein p53 and tumor necrosis factor α were well integrated within the top identified networks. DISCUSSION These results support the human hepatotoxicity of environmental PCB exposures while elucidating potential modes of PCB action. The MiR-derived liquid liver biopsy represents a promising new technique for environmental hepatology cohort studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9467.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Liver Transplant Program at UofL Health–Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina M. Pinkston
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shesh N. Rai
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Integrative Environmental Health Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Banrida Wahlang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly Z. Head
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gleta K. Carswell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gail M. Nelson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Douglas A. Bell
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian N. Chorley
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Chrysavgis L, Papatheodoridi A, Cholongitas E, Koutsilieris M, Papatheodoridis G, Chatzigeorgiou A. Significance of Circulating Cell-Free DNA Species in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168849. [PMID: 34445552 PMCID: PMC8396264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have not been completely elucidated, while the significance of circulating cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) species has been rarely evaluated in NAFLD. Herein, we assessed the serum levels of cf-DNA species in NAFLD patients and investigated their potential associations with patients’ characteristics and severity of liver disease. Forty-nine adult patients with NAFLD of any stage were included in this cohort study. Cf-DNA was isolated from patients’ sera and the levels of several distinct cf-DNA species including total cf-DNA, gene-coding cf-DNA, Alu repeat sequences, mitochondrial DNA copies and 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine were determined. Cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic patients had significantly lower serum levels of cf-DNA and RNAse P coding DNA as well as higher expression of 5-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine. After adjustment for the significant clinico-epidemiological factors, lower serum levels of cf-DNA or RNAse P were independently associated with the presence of cirrhosis. Serum levels of total and gene-coding DNA are associated with the presence of cirrhosis in NAFLD patients regardless of clinical or epidemiological parameters and may therefore be used as a screening tool for NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lampros Chrysavgis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Alkistis Papatheodoridi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (M.K.)
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, “Alexandra” General Hospital of Athens, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Cholongitas
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - George Papatheodoridis
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Athens “Laiko”, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (L.C.); (A.P.); (M.K.)
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462623
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Neuberger J, Cain O. The Need for Alternatives to Liver Biopsies: Non-Invasive Analytics and Diagnostics. Hepat Med 2021; 13:59-69. [PMID: 34163263 PMCID: PMC8214024 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s278076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histology remains essential for the diagnosis and management of many disorders affecting the liver. However, the biopsy procedure itself is associated with a low risk of harm to the patient and cost to the health services; samples may not be adequate and are subject to sampling variation. Furthermore, interpretation often depends on the skill of the pathologist. Increasingly, new techniques are becoming available that are altering the indications for liver biopsy. Many diseases of the liver can be diagnosed and managed using serological and radiological techniques; the degree of fibrosis and fat can often be assessed by serological or imaging techniques and the nature of space occupying lesions defined by serology, imaging and use of liquid biopsy. However, these techniques, too, are subject to limitations: sensitivity and specificity is not always adequate for diagnosis or management; some techniques are expensive and often also require expert interpretation. Although there may be less need for liver biopsy today, histology remains the gold standard as well as an essential tool for the diagnosis and management of many conditions, especially where there are multiple pathologies, or where a diagnosis cannot or has not been made by alternative approaches. Until less invasive techniques become more reliable and accessible, liver histology will remain a key investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Neuberger
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Owen Cain
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
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10
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Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Bacterial and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: new players in the gut-liver axis? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G485-G495. [PMID: 33471632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00362.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver and intestine communicate in a bidirectional way through the biliary tract, portal vein, and other components of the gut-liver axis. The gut microbiota is one of the major contributors to the production of several proteins and bile acids. Imbalance in the gut bacterial community, called dysbiosis, participates in the development and progression of several chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is currently considered the main chronic liver disease worldwide. Dysbiosis contributes to NAFLD development and progression, notably by a greater translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the blood. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a PAMP that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces liver inflammation, and participates in the development of fibrogenesis. LPS can be transported by bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are spherical structures produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells that transfer information to distant cells and may represent new players in NAFLD development and progression. The present review summarizes the role of eukaryotic EVs, either circulating or tissue-derived, in NAFLD features, such as liver inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Circulating EV levels are dynamic and correlate with disease stage and severity. However, scarce information is available concerning the involvement of bacterial EVs in liver disease. The present review highlights a potential role of bacterial EVs in insulin resistance and liver inflammation, although the mechanism involved has not been elucidated. In addition, because of their distinct signatures, eukaryotic and prokaryotic EVs may also represent a promising NAFLD diagnostic tool as a "liquid biopsy" in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Villard
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Boursier
- EA 3859, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité Tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- INSERM UMR1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, Faculté de Santé, Université d'Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
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Arechederra M, Recalde M, Gárate-Rascón M, Fernández-Barrena MG, Ávila MA, Berasain C. Epigenetic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1265. [PMID: 33809263 PMCID: PMC7998165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decades has demonstrated the relevance of epigenetics in controlling gene expression to maintain cell homeostasis, and the important role played by epigenome alterations in disease development. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic marks can be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy, and epigenetic marks can be used as diagnosis biomarkers. Epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression have been associated with the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we summarize epigenetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly focusing on DNA methylation. We also discuss their utility as epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Finally, we discuss the potential of epigenetic therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Recalde
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - María Gárate-Rascón
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Ávila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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