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Eid RA, Abadi AM, Alghamdi MA, El-Kott AF, Mohamed G, Al-Shraim M, Alaa Eldeen M, Zaki MSA, Shalaby FM. Echinops Asteraceae extract guards against malathion-induced liver damage via minimizing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Toxicon 2024; 244:107750. [PMID: 38750940 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Malathion (MAL) is one of the highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds that induces hepatotoxicity. Echinops. ritro leaves extract (ERLE) is traditionally used in the treatment of bacterial/fungal infections. This study's goal was to investigate the potential of extracts from ERLE against hepatotoxicity induced by MAL in male albino rats. Four equal groups of forty mature male albino rats were created: The rats in the first group used as a control. The second group of rats received ERLE orally. The third group received MAL. ERLE and MAL were administered to the fourth group of rats. Six-week treatment groups were conducted. Using lipid peroxidation indicators [malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)], oxidative stress markers [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], apoptotic markers [Bcl-2 & caspase-3] and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Rats treated with MAL underwent a significant increase on MDA, ALT, AST, caspase-3 and TNF-α marker with a significant decrease in antioxidant markers [CAT, SOD, GPx] and Bcl-2. Histologically, MAL-treated group's liver sections displayed damaged hepatocytes with collapsed portions, pyknotic nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm, and congested central veins. Ultra structurally, rat livers treated with MAL showed dilated cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae, nuclei with disrupted chromatin content, multiple lysosomes, multiple vacuolations and a disrupted blood sinusoid. With rats treated with ERLE, these alterations were essentially non-existent. It is possible to conclude that ERLE protects against MAL hepatotoxicity, and that this protection is related, at least in part, to its antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alsaleem Mohammed Abadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Egypt.
| | - Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Cell Biology, Histology & Genetics Division, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Samir A Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 62529, Abha, 12573, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Mansoura University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Zoology, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Oyagbemi AA, Adebayo AK, Adebiyi OE, Adigun KO, Folarin OR, Esan OO, Ajibade TO, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Olutayo Omobowale T, Ola-Davies OE, Olopade JO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Yakubu MA, Nwulia E, Oguntibeju OO. Leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale ameliorates biomarkers of neuroinflammation, memory loss, and neurobehavioral deficit in N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats. Biomarkers 2023; 28:263-272. [PMID: 36632742 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2164354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anacardium occidentale commonly known as Cashew is a plant that is widely used in African traditional medicine. It is endowed with phytochemical constituents that are responsible for its medicinal properties. METHODS Twenty-five male Wistar rats were grouped as follows: Control (Group A), Group B (L-NAME 40 mg/kg), Group C (100 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale extract plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME), Group D (200 mg/kg extract plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME) and Group E (10 mg/kg of Lisinopril plus 40 mg/kg L-NAME). The animals were treated with oral administration of either the extracts or Lisnopril daily for 4 weeks. Neuro-behavioural tests such as the Morris Water Maze and Hanging Wire Grip tests were carried out to evaluate memory/spatial learning and muscular strength, respectively. Makers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and immunohistochemical staining of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ionised Calcium Binding Adaptor molecule 1 were assessed. RESULTS L-NAME administration caused significant increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant status, acetylcholinesterase activity, altered neuro-behavioural changes, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. However, Anacardium occidentale reversed exaggerated oxidative stress biomarkers and improved neuro-behavioural changes. CONCLUSIONS Combining all, Anacardium occidentale enhanced brain antioxidant defence status, improved memory and muscular strength, thus, suggesting the neuroprotective properties of Anacardium occidentale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji Kolawole Adebayo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olamide Elizabeth Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Kabirat Oluwaseun Adigun
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwabusayo Racheal Folarin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun Olanrewaju Esan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa Florida Campus, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Evaristus Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
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Xu XX, Shi RX, Fu Y, Wang JL, Tong X, Zhang SQ, Wang N, Li MX, Tong Y, Wang W, He M, Liu BY, Chen GL, Guo F. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase/reactive oxygen species pathway is involved in apoptosis and pyroptosis in epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1277-1285. [PMID: 36453412 PMCID: PMC9838157 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase contributes to neurotoxicity, which triggers cell death in various neuropathological diseases, including epilepsy. Studies have shown that inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity increases the epilepsy threshold, that is, has an anticonvulsant effect. However, the exact role and potential mechanism of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in seizures are still unclear. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing, functional enrichment analysis, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis of the hippocampus of tremor rats, a rat model of genetic epilepsy. We found damaged hippocampal mitochondria and abnormal succinate dehydrogenase level and Na+-K+-ATPase activity. In addition, we used a pilocarpine-induced N2a cell model to mimic epileptic injury. After application of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole, changes in malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase, which are associated with oxidative stress, were reversed, and the increase in reactive oxygen species level was reversed by 7-nitroindazole or reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetylcysteine. Application of 7-nitroindazole or N-acetylcysteine downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c and reversed the apoptosis of epileptic cells. Furthermore, 7-nitroindazole or N-acetylcysteine downregulated the abnormally high expression of NLRP3, gasdermin-D, interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. This indicated that 7-nitroindazole and N-acetylcysteine each reversed epileptic cell death. Taken together, our findings suggest that the neuronal nitric oxide synthase/reactive oxygen species pathway is involved in pyroptosis of epileptic cells, and inhibiting neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity or its induced oxidative stress may play a neuroprotective role in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China,Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rui-Xue Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jia-Lu Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Xuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing-Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China,Correspondence to: Feng Guo, ; Gui-Lan Chen, ; Bing-Yang Liu, .
| | - Gui-Lan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China,Correspondence to: Feng Guo, ; Gui-Lan Chen, ; Bing-Yang Liu, .
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China,Correspondence to: Feng Guo, ; Gui-Lan Chen, ; Bing-Yang Liu, .
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El-Hak HNG, Al-Eisa RA, Ryad L, Halawa E, El-Shenawy NS. Mechanisms and histopathological impacts of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin in male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43114-43125. [PMID: 35091933 PMCID: PMC9148279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetamiprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) and azoxystrobin (fungicide) are widespread pesticides used for pest management, but they have the potential for toxicity to mammals. The goal of this study was to look for oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and reproductive problems in male rats' serum after 2 months of exposure to sub-lethal dosages of acetamiprid and azoxystrobin. Seven classes of male rats were formed: control, 3 groups of acetamiprid (1/10, 1/20, 1/40 LD50), and 3 groups of azoxystrobin (1/10, 1/20, 1/40 LD50) and were orally daily treated (n = 8/group). Our findings revealed that acetamiprid and azoxystrobin disrupted oxidative and metabolic processes in the examined rats throughout 30 and 60 days of testing. The levels of nitric oxide increased significantly, while catalase, a superoxide dismutase enzyme, and glutathione reductase activity were reduced. Serum levels of sex hormones, calcium, and total protein have all dropped substantially in rats. In comparison to the control group, the testis and liver structure, as well as spermatozoa parameters, had distinct histological characteristics. In conclusion, acetamiprid and azoxystrobin exhibit dose- and time-dependent effects on oxidative parameters that cause testis damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Al-Eisa
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamia Ryad
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ekramy Halawa
- Agricultural Research Center, Central Lab of Residue Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahla S El-Shenawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Ginseng ® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12050771. [PMID: 35629437 PMCID: PMC9144712 DOI: 10.3390/life12050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion's toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion's harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.
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Coremen M, Turkyilmaz IB, Us H, Us AS, Celik S, Ozel A, Bulan OK, Yanardag R. Lupeol inhibits pesticides induced hepatotoxicity via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113068. [PMID: 35483487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the toxicity of various pesticides on rat liver. It also aimed to show whether this toxicity could be avoided using lupeol. Adult male Wistars albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Control groups were given saline, corn oil, and lupeol; pesticide groups were given malathion, chlorpyrifos, and tebuconazole; in the other three treatments, same doses of pesticides and lupeol were given to the rats for ten days. Histopathological examination showed severe degenerative changes in the pesticide groups. Serum AChE activities, liver GSH, total antioxidant capacity levels, AChE, CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, Na+/K+-ATPase, ARE, and PON were decreased, while serum TNF-α, liver LPO, HP, NO, AOPP, total oxidant status, ROS, and oxidative stress index levels as well as AST, ALT, ALP, GST, arginase and xanthine oxidase activities were increased in the pesticides administered groups. It was observed that the PCNA levels determined by the immunohistochemical method increased in the pesticide groups. Also, the results Raman spectroscopy suggest that the technique may be used to understand/have an insight into pesticide toxicity mechanisms. The administration of lupeol demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect against pesticide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Coremen
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Sezen Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Ozel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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El Okle OS, Tohamy HG, Althobaiti SA, Soliman MM, Ghamry HI, Farrag F, Shukry M. Ornipural® Mitigates Malathion-Induced Hepato-Renal Damage in Rats via Amelioration of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Restoration of Antioxidant Activity, and Attenuation of Inflammatory Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040757. [PMID: 35453442 PMCID: PMC9031224 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was instigated by investigating the ameliorative potential of Ornipural® solution against the hepato-renal toxicity of malathion. A total number of 35 male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into five groups. Group 1 served as control and received normal saline intraperitoneally. Group 2, the sham group, were administered only corn oil (vehicle of malathion) orally. Group 3 was orally intoxicated by malathion in corn oil at a dose of 135 mg/kg BW via intra-gastric gavage. Group 4 received malathion orally concomitantly with Ornipural® intraperitoneally. Group 5 was given Ornipural® solution in saline via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of (1 mL/kg BW). Animals received the treatment regime for 30 days. Histopathological examination revealed the harmful effect of malathion on hepatic and renal tissue. The results showed that malathion induced a significant decrease in body weight and marked elevation in the activity of liver enzymes, LDH, and ACP. In contrast, the activity of AchE and Paraoxonase was markedly decreased. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the serum content of bilirubin, cholesterol, and kidney injury markers. A significant elevation in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide (nitrite), and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine was observed, along with a substantial reduction in antioxidant activity. Furthermore, malathion increased tumor necrosis factor-alpha, the upregulation of IL-1B, BAX, and IFN-β genes, and the downregulation of Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 genes. Concurrent administration of Ornipural® with malathion attenuated the detrimental impact of malathion through ameliorating metabolic biomarkers, restoring antioxidant activity, reducing the inflammatory response, and improving pathologic microscopic alterations. It could be concluded that Ornipural® solution demonstrates hepatorenal defensive impacts against malathion toxicity at biochemical, antioxidants, molecular, and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama S. El Okle
- Departement of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | - Hossam G. Tohamy
- Departement of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 22758, Egypt;
| | - Saed A. Althobaiti
- Biology Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Heba I. Ghamry
- Department of Home Economics, College of Home Economics, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 960, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Foad Farrag
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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8
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Azevedo RDS, Falcão KVG, Assis CRD, Martins RMG, Araújo MC, Yogui GT, Neves JL, Seabra GM, Maia MBS, Amaral IPG, Leite ACR, Bezerra RS. Effects of pyriproxyfen on zebrafish brain mitochondria and acetylcholinesterase. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128029. [PMID: 33297050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is an insecticide used worldwide that acts as a biomimetic of juvenile hormone. This study investigated metabolic and synaptic impairments triggered by pyriproxyfen using zebrafish acetylcholinesterase (zbAChE) and mitochondria as markers. A brain zbAChE assay was performed in vitro and in vivo covering a range of pyriproxyfen concentrations (0.001-10 μmol/L) to assess inhibition kinetics. Docking simulations were performed to characterize inhibitory interactions. Zebrafish male adults were acutely exposed to 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 μg/mL pyriproxyfen for 16 h. Mitochondrial respiration of brain tissues was assessed. ROS generation was estimated using H2DCF-DA and MitoSOX. Calcium transport was monitored by Calcium Green™ 5 N. NO synthesis activity was estimated using DAF-FM-DA. Brain acetylcholinesterase showed an in vivo IC20 of 0.30 μmol/L pyriproxyfen, and an IC50 of 92.5 μmol/L. The inhibitory effect on zbAChE activity was competitive-like. Respiratory control of Complex I/II decreased significantly after insecticide exposure. The MitoSOX test showed that O2- generation had a pyriproxyfen dose-dependent effect. Brain tissue lost 50% of Ca2+ uptake capacity at 0.1 μg/mL pyriproxyfen. Ca2+ release showed a clear mitochondrial impairment at lower pyriproxyfen exposures. Thus, Ca2+ transport imbalance caused by pyriproxyfen may be a novel deleterious mechanism of action. Overall, the results showed that pyriproxyfen can compromise multiple and interconnected pathways: (1) zbAChE impairment and (2) the functioning of the electron transport chain, ROS generation and calcium homeostasis in zebrafish brain mitochondria. Considering the many similarities between zebrafish and human, more caution is needed when pyriproxyfen is used in both urban and agricultural pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D S Azevedo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kivia V G Falcão
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Caio R D Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Marlyete C Araújo
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan T Yogui
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos - OrganoMAR, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Jorge L Neves
- Laboratório de Química Biológica - LQB, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo M Seabra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), School of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Maria B S Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia de Produtos Bioativos, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ian P G Amaral
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Campus I, Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Ana C R Leite
- Laboratório de Bioenergética Prof. Aníbal Vercesi, Departamento de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Ranilson S Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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9
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Ataei S, Abaspanah S, Haddadi R, Mohammadi M, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. Therapeutic Potential of Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers on Oxidative Injury Caused by Organophosphates in Cortex and Cerebellum: An In Vivo Study. Indian J Clin Biochem 2020; 35:339-346. [PMID: 32647412 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-019-00830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of amlodipine (AM), a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, on the oxidative damage induced by diazinon (DZN) in the rat cortex and cerebellum. Forty-two rats were randomly divided into six groups. The rats were treated intraperitoneally with normal saline (group 1), AM (9 mg/kg; group 2), DZN (32 mg/kg; group 3) and different doses of AM (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg; groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively) with DZN. After 14 days, the cerebellum and cortex tissues were removed for biochemical and histological experiments. DZN significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE; 57%, p < 0.001 and 39.1%, p < 0.05), depleted total antioxidant capacity (TAC; 46.2%, p < 0.01 and 44.7%, p < 0.05), and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; 96%, p < 0.001 and 202%, p < 0.001), nitric oxide (NO; 130%, p < 0.001 and 74.4%, p < 0.001), and lipid peroxidation levels (LPO; 35.6%, p < 0.001 and 128.7%, p < 0.001), in the cerebellum and cortex tissues, respectively. In addition, DZN induced structural alterations in the cerebellum and cortex. Following AM administration, a remarkable improvement was observed in LDH activity and some of the oxidative markers, such as NO and LPO; however, no significant changes were found in AChE activity when the DZN group was compared with the AM-treated groups. This study suggests that AM may prevent DZN-induced neurotoxicity via improvement of the oxidative/antioxidant balance in the cerebellum and cortex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ataei
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Susan Abaspanah
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8678-3-65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8678-3-65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8678-3-65178 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8678-3-65178 Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Badr AM. Organophosphate toxicity: updates of malathion potential toxic effects in mammals and potential treatments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:26036-26057. [PMID: 32399888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus insecticides toxicity is still considered a major global health problem. Malathion is one of the most commonly used organophosphates nowadays, as being considered to possess relatively low toxicity compared with other organophosphates. However, widespread use may lead to excessive exposure from multiple sources. Mechanisms of MAL toxicity include inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme, change of oxidants/antioxidants balance, DNA damage, and facilitation of apoptotic cell damage. Exposure to malathion has been associated with different toxicities that nearly affect every single organ in our bodies, with CNS toxicity being the most well documented. Malathion toxic effects on liver, kidney, testis, ovaries, lung, pancreas, and blood were also reported. Moreover, malathion was considered as a genotoxic and carcinogenic chemical compound. Evidence exists for adverse effects associated with prenatal and postnatal exposure in both animals and humans. This review summarizes the toxic data available about malathion in mammals and discusses new potential therapeutic modalities, with the aim to highlight the importance of increasing awareness about its potential risk and reevaluation of the allowed daily exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Savall ASP, Fidélis EM, Gutierrez MEZ, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Puntel RL, Roos DH, Ávila DS, Pinton S. Pre‐clinical evidence of safety and protective effect of isatin and oxime derivatives against malathion‐induced toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:399-410. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Wang G, Zhang N, Wang Y, Liu J, Wang G, Zhou Z, Lu C, Yang J. The hepatoprotective activities of Kalimeris indica ethanol extract against liver injury in vivo. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3797-3807. [PMID: 31763029 PMCID: PMC6848823 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip. is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and a portion of food used for cooking in China. It has been demonstrated that an ethanol extract of K. indica has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production on murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of the total phenolics of K. indica (TPK), the total triterpenes of K. indica (TTK), and the total flavones of K. indica (TFK) from ethanol extracts of K. indica were evaluated in Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)/LPS-induced liver injury in vivo. The treatments of TPK, TTK, and TFK improved liver injury in mice. Additionally, all treatments significantly not only reduced the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hepatic total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS) but also induced the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. The treatments of TPK and TTK significantly reduced the hepatic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The treatments of TPK, TTK, and TFK reduced the serum total bilirubin (T-Bil), and only TFK treatment reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Our results suggest that TPK, TTK, and TFK from ethanol extracts of K. indica might play an essential protective role against BCG/LPS-induced liver injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐Kai Wang
- School of PharmacyAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia MedicaAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of PharmacyAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia MedicaAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Bristol‐Myers SquibbLawrenceNJUSA
| | - Jin‐Song Liu
- School of PharmacyAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia MedicaAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Gang Wang
- School of PharmacyAnhui Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Materia MedicaAnhui University of Chinese MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Zhong‐Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Chi‐Cheng Lu
- Department of Sport PerformanceNational Taiwan University of SportTaichungTaiwan
| | - Jai‑Sing Yang
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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13
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da Luz Abreu E, Savall ASP, Boneberg AA, Martins BB, Gervini VC, Sampaio TB, Fajardo AR, Paroul N, Roos DH, Pinton S. (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one attenuates hyperglycemia, increased hepatic glycogen content and hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure in rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:61. [PMID: 31516541 PMCID: PMC6727524 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0374-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organophosphorus pesticides (OP's) are heavily constituted in agriculture, gardens, home and veterinary and although it is useful, there are concerns about the environment, safety and health of human and animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of a new oxime, (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one (OXIME) against the alterations induced by malathion, an OP insecticide, acute exposure on markers of hepatic damage, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress in rats cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control; Malathion; OXIME; and Malathion+OXIME. Twelve hours after co-treatment with malathion (250 mg/kg, i.p.) and/or OXIME (50 mg/kg, i.g.), the plasma and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS The OXIME blocked the increase of plasma markers of hepatic function (AST and ALP) and the enzymatic inhibition of catalase and glutathione reductase in the liver of malathion-treated rats. Moreover, the hepatic cholinesterases inhibition induced by malathion acute exposure was suppressed by OXIME treatment. As assessed, a single dose of OXIME lowered the glycemia levels and hepatic glycogen content enhanced by malathion. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests promise effects of (3Z)-5-Chloro-3-(Hydroxyimino) indolin-2-one against the hyperglycemia and the hepatic damage induced by malathion acute exposure, as well as its use as a ChE activity reactivator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina da Luz Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Anne Suély Pinto Savall
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Allyson Ardais Boneberg
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Bianca Barreto Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS CEP 96201-900 Brazil
| | | | - Tuane Bazanella Sampaio
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha – Campus Santo Ângelo, Santo Ângelo, RS CEP 98806-700 Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Fajardo
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) - Campus Capão do Leão s/n, Pelotas, RS CEP 96010-900 Brazil
| | - Natália Paroul
- Universidade Regional Integrada (URI), Campus Erechim, Erechim, RS CEP 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Daniel Henrique Roos
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
| | - Simone Pinton
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, RS CEP 97500-970 Brazil
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14
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Loppi S, Kolosowska N, Kärkkäinen O, Korhonen P, Huuskonen M, Grubman A, Dhungana H, Wojciechowski S, Pomeshchik Y, Giordano M, Kagechika H, White A, Auriola S, Koistinaho J, Landreth G, Hanhineva K, Kanninen K, Malm T. HX600, a synthetic agonist for RXR-Nurr1 heterodimer complex, prevents ischemia-induced neuronal damage. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:670-681. [PMID: 30063972 PMCID: PMC8543705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is amongst the leading causes of death and disabilities. The available treatments are suitable for only a fraction of patients and thus novel therapies are urgently needed. Blockage of one of the cerebral arteries leads to massive and persisting inflammatory reaction contributing to the nearby neuronal damage. Targeting the detrimental pathways of neuroinflammation has been suggested to be beneficial in conditions of ischemic stroke. Nuclear receptor 4A-family (NR4A) member Nurr1 has been shown to be a potent modulator of harmful inflammatory reactions, yet the role of Nurr1 in cerebral stroke remains unknown. Here we show for the first time that an agonist for the dimeric transcription factor Nurr1/retinoid X receptor (RXR), HX600, reduces microglia expressed proinflammatory mediators and prevents inflammation induced neuronal death in in vitro co-culture model of neurons and microglia. Importantly, HX600 was protective in a mouse model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion and alleviated the stroke induced motor deficits. Along with the anti-inflammatory capacity of HX600 in vitro, treatment of ischemic mice with HX600 reduced ischemia induced Iba-1, p38 and TREM2 immunoreactivities, protected endogenous microglia from ischemia induced death and prevented leukocyte infiltration. These anti-inflammatory functions were associated with reduced levels of brain lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) and acylcarnitines, metabolites related to proinflammatory events. These data demonstrate that HX600 driven Nurr1 activation is beneficial in ischemic stroke and propose that targeting Nurr1 is a novel candidate for conditions involving neuroinflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Loppi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N. Kolosowska
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - O. Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - P. Korhonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M. Huuskonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A. Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - H. Dhungana
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S. Wojciechowski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Y. Pomeshchik
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M. Giordano
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H. Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A. White
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - S. Auriola
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - J. Koistinaho
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G. Landreth
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - K. Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - K. Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T. Malm
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Corresponding author at: A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Science, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. (T. Malm)
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15
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Mohammadzadeh L, Hosseinzadeh H, Abnous K, Razavi BM. Neuroprotective potential of crocin against malathion-induced motor deficit and neurochemical alterations in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4904-4914. [PMID: 29204935 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In several epidemiological studies, an association between pesticide exposure and the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported. Increasing evidence showed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. The present study investigated the preventive effect of crocin, saffron active components, on malathion (an organophosphate pesticide (OP))-induced Parkinson-like behaviors in rat. Rats were divided into eight groups: control (normal saline), malathion (100 mg/kg/day, i.p), crocin (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, levodopa (10 mg/kg/day, i.p) plus malathion, crocin (40 mg/kg/day, i.p), and PEG (vehicle of levodopa) groups. Treatments were continued for 28 days. The neurobehavioral tests which include open field, rotarod and catalepsy were performed on day 28. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in serum, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), TNF-α, and IL-6 in striatum at the end of treatments were evaluated. Results showed that malathion induced neurobehavioral impairments together with elevation of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, reduction of GSH, and AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) improved neurobehavioral impairments induced by malathion but not AChE activity. Crocin (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) or levodopa plus malathion decreased MDA and increased GSH. Also crocin (10 mg/kg) decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels in striatum. In summary, subchronic malathion exposure induced Parkinson-like behavior in rat. Crocin exhibited protective effects against malathion-induced Parkinson-like behavior through reducing lipid peroxidation, improvement of motor deficit and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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