1
|
Manresa-Rocamora A, Ribeiro F, Casanova-Lizón A, Flatt AA, Sarabia JM, Moya-Ramón M. Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves Endothelial Function in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:905-920. [PMID: 35468652 DOI: 10.1055/a-1717-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for improving endothelial function in coronary artery disease patients. Therefore, this systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to (a) estimate the training-induced effect on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function, assessed by flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, respectively, in coronary artery disease patients; and to (b) study the influence of potential trial-level variables (i. e. study and intervention characteristics) on the training-induced effect on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function. Electronic searches were performed in Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase up to February 2021. Random-effects models of standardised mean change were estimated. Heterogeneity analyses were performed by using the Chi 2 test and I 2 index. Our results showed that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation significantly enhanced flow-mediated dilation (1.04 [95% confidence interval=0.76 to 1.31]) but did not significantly change nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (0.05 [95% confidence interval=-0.03 to 0.13]). Heterogeneity testing reached statistical significance (p<.001) with high inconsistency for flow-mediated dilation (I 2 =92%). Nevertheless, none of the analysed variables influenced the training-induced effect on flow-mediated dilation. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation seems to be an effective therapeutic strategy for improving endothelial-dependent dilation in coronary artery disease patients, which may aid in the prevention of cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Manresa-Rocamora
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Ribeiro
- School of Health Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine- iBiMED, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio Casanova-Lizón
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University - Armstrong Campus, Savannah, United States
| | - José Manuel Sarabia
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain.,Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Russo A, Pirisinu I, Vacca C, Reginato E, Tomaro ES, Pippi R, Aiello C, Talesa VN, De Feo P, Romani R. An intensive lifestyle intervention reduces circulating oxidised low-density lipoprotein and increases human paraoxonase activity in obese subjects. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 12:108-114. [PMID: 27956218 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity has a great impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the treatment of this pathological state is important given the significant health consequences. Lifestyle and behaviour changes play a significant role in weight management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of an intensive multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention on well-known atherogenic factors in a group of overweight and obese subjects. METHODS A total of 44 people with overweight/obesity underwent a lifestyle intervention based on nutritional education, psychological support and a 3-month exercise training program with a frequency of twice a week. Several anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the lifestyle intervention. RESULTS Lifestyle intervention led to a significant reduction in metabolic profile including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, and plasma triglycerides. These reductions were also accompanied by a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption and muscle strength. Furthermore, paraoxonase and lactonase activities and the concentration of Apoliproteins A1 (APO A1) were significantly increased and the serum levels of oxLDL reduced without any changes in the circulating levels of LDL and HDL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study suggests that an intensive lifestyle intervention in obese subjects promotes a series of beneficial antiatherogenic changes which included increased enzyme activites of paraoxonase and lactonase, concentration of Apoliproteins A1 and decreased circulating levels of oxLDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Russo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Irene Pirisinu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Elisa Reginato
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Emilia Sbroma Tomaro
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pippi
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Aiello
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Nicola Talesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- Healthy Lifestyle Institute CURIAMO, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rita Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Polo Didattico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Piazzale Gambuli, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park JH, Park H, Lim ST, Park JK. Effects of a 12-week healthy-life exercise program on oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and carotid intima-media thickness in obese elderly women. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1435-9. [PMID: 26157235 PMCID: PMC4483413 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study examined the effects of a 12-week exercise program on plasma level
of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese elderly women, who are at
increased risk of heart disease morbidity. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty participants were
assigned into either a control (n = 10) or a supervised exercise program
(n = 10) group. The 12-week exercise intervention was performed 3 days
per week and involved combined aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and traditional
Korean dance. [Results] Two-factor analysis of variance revealed significant group × time
interactions for body mass, diastolic blood pressure, appendicular muscle mass. For
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
the ratio of oxidized low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, two-factor analysis of
variance revealed significant interactions (group × time), indicating responses differed
significantly between the control and exercise groups after 12 weeks. [Conclusion] A
12-week low- to moderate-intensity exercise program appears to be beneficial for obese
elderly women by improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hwan Park
- The Dong-A Anti-aging Research Institute, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Park
- Department of Health Care and Sciences, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea ; Research Institute of National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Seung-Taek Lim
- College of Sport Sciences, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kee Park
- Institute of Taekwondo for Health and Culture, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Exercise training protects the LDL I subfraction from oxidation susceptibility in an aged human population. Atherosclerosis 2015; 239:516-22. [PMID: 25721702 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is considered an effective strategy to improve metabolic disease. Despite this, less is known regarding exercise training in the prevention and susceptibility of LDL subfraction oxidation, particularly in an aged population. METHODS Eleven aged (55 ± 4 yrs) and twelve young (21 ± 2 yrs) participants were randomly separated into an experimental or control group as follows: young exercise (n = 6); young control (n = 6); aged exercise (n = 6) and aged control (n = 5). The participants assigned to the exercise groups performed 12 weeks of moderate intensity (55-65% VO2max) exercise training. Venous blood was extracted at baseline, and 48 h following 12 weeks of exercise and assayed for a range of metabolites associated with lipid composition and lipoprotein susceptibility to oxidation. RESULTS Although there was no difference in the oxidation potential (time ½ max) of LDL I, II or III between groups at baseline (p > 0.05), there was an increase in time ½ max for LDL I following exercise within the aged exercise group (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-tocopherol concentration was selectively lower in the aged exercise group, compared to the young exercise at baseline. The lipid composition of LDL I, LDL II, LDL III, VLDL, HDL2, HDL3 and serum lipid hydroperoxides remained unchanged as a function of exercise training and ageing (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The primary finding of this study demonstrates that adaptations in LDL resistance to oxidation occur following 12 weeks of exercise training in the aged, and this may be of clinical significance, as oxidation of LDL has been implicated in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Toborek M, Seelbach MJ, Rashid CS, András IE, Chen L, Park M, Esser KA. Voluntary exercise protects against methamphetamine-induced oxidative stress in brain microvasculature and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:22. [PMID: 23799892 PMCID: PMC3698182 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no effective therapeutic intervention developed targeting cerebrovascular toxicity of drugs of abuse, including methamphetamine (METH). We hypothesize that exercise protects against METH-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cerebral microvessels and modulating caveolae-associated signaling. Mice were subjected to voluntary wheel running for 5 weeks resembling the voluntary pattern of human exercise, followed by injection with METH (10 mg/kg). The frequency, duration, and intensity of each running session were monitored for each mouse via a direct data link to a computer and the running data are analyzed by Clock lab™ Analysis software. Controls included mice sedentary that did not have access to running wheels and/or injections with saline. RESULTS METH induced oxidative stress in brain microvessels, resulting in up regulation of caveolae-associated NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, and phosphorylation of mitochondrial protein 66Shc. Treatment with METH disrupted also the expression and colocalization of tight junction proteins. Importantly, exercise markedly attenuated these effects and protected against METH-induced disruption of the BBB integrity. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that exercise is an important modifiable behavioral factor that can protect against METH-induced cerebrovascular toxicity. These findings may provide new strategies in preventing the toxicity of drug of abuse.
Collapse
|
6
|
Autenrieth CS, Emeny RT, Herder C, Döring A, Peters A, Koenig W, Thorand B. Myeloperoxidase, but not oxidized LDL, is associated with leisure-time physical activity: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Studies 1984-1995. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:774-7. [PMID: 21880315 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress-induced cell damage contributes to several chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, but only very few population-based studies have examined the influence of regular physical activity (PA) on oxidative stress. METHODS 1820 men and women aged 35-74 years were randomly drawn from three population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg Studies conducted between 1984 and 1995. Geometric means of the oxidative stress markers myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were calculated and multiple linear regression was performed to assess their associations with three self-reported PA domains, namely work, leisure-time or walking. RESULTS Mean MPO concentrations were lower for participants engaged in high leisure-time PA (124.2 μg/ml; 95%-CI, 116.8-132.0) compared to the inactive reference group (133.5 μg/ml; 95%-CI, 127.6-139.6) (P(trend) across PA levels: 0.007). No significant association between ox-LDL and PA domains was observed (P(trend) between 0.162 and 0.803). CONCLUSION These data indicate that regular leisure-time PA may reduce MPO concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Autenrieth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Park JH, Miyashita M, Takahashi M, Harada K, Takaizumi K, Kim HS, Suzuki K, Nakamura Y. Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein Concentrations and Physical Activity Status in Older Adults: The WASEDA Active Life Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:568-73. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
8
|
Pohjantähti-Maaroos H, Palomäki A, Kankkunen P, Laitinen R, Husgafvel S, Oksanen K. Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins and arterial elasticity: comparison between men with metabolic syndrome and physically active counterparts. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:41. [PMID: 20727144 PMCID: PMC2931500 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the intimae of arteries and endothelial dysfunction are key events in the development of atherosclerosis. Patients with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases but the linkage between metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. We studied whether the levels of oxidized LDL and arterial elasticity differ between metabolic syndrome patients and physically active controls. Methods 40 men with metabolic syndrome and 40 physically active controls participated in this cross-sectional study. None of the study subjects had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Levels of oxidized LDL were assessed by a two-site ELISA immunoassay. Arterial elasticity was assessed non-invasively by the HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000 arterial tonometer. Results Levels of oxidized LDL were 89.6 ± 33.1 U/L for metabolic syndrome subjects and 68.5 ± 23.6 U/L for controls (p = 0.007). The difference remained significant after adjustment for LDL cholesterol. Large artery elasticity index (C1) was 16.2 ± 4.1 mL/mmHgx10 for metabolic syndrome subjects and 19.4 ± 3.7 mL/mmHgx10 for controls (p = 0.001), small artery indices (C2) were 7.0 ± 3.2 mL/mmHgx100 and 6.5 ± 2.9 mL/mmHgx100 (NS), respectively. Conclusions Subjects with metabolic syndrome had elevated levels of oxidized LDL and reduced large arterial elasticity compared to controls. This finding may partly explain the increased risk for cardiovascular diseases among metabolic syndrome patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01114763
Collapse
|
9
|
Exercise training accelerates the removal from plasma of LDL-like nanoemulsion in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:230-6. [PMID: 20627247 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training improves plasma lipid profile and diminishes risk of coronary heart disease. Previously, we showed that training increases LDL plasma clearance, as tested by an artificial LDL-like nanoemulsion method, presumably by increasing LDL receptor activity. In this study, we investigated whether training could also improve LDL clearance in hypercholesterolemic subjects (HCh) that are exposed to increased risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS Twenty sedentary HCh and 20 normolipidemic (NL) sedentary volunteers were divided into four groups: 12 HCh submitted to 4-month training program, 8 HCh with no exercise program, 12 NL submitted to 4-month training and 8 NL with no exercise program. An LDL-like nanoemulsion labeled with (14)C-cholesteryl ester was injected intravenously into all subjects and plasma samples were collected during 24 h after injection to determine the fractional clearance rate (FCR, in h(-1)) by compartmental analysis. The study was performed on the first and on the last day of the 4-month study period. RESULTS In both, trained HCh and NL groups, training increased nanoemulsion FCR by 36% (0.0443+/-0.0126; 0.0602+/-0.0187, p=0.0187 and 0.0503+/-0.0203; 0.0686+/-0.0216, p=0.0827, respectively). After training, LDL cholesterol diminished in both HCh and NL groups. In HCh, but not in NL group, LDL susceptibility to oxidation decreased, but oxidized LDL was unchanged. In both non-trained groups FCR was the same for the last and the 4-month previous evaluation. CONCLUSION In HCh, exercise training increased the removal of LDL as tested by the nanoemulsion, and this probably accounted for decreased LDL cholesterol and diminished LDL susceptibility to oxidation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Effects of lifestyle modification on oxidized LDL, reactive oxygen species production and endothelial cell viability in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:858-62. [PMID: 20416290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effects of lifestyle modification (LM) on lipid profile, oxidative stress and serum-stimulated human coronary artery endothelial cell (HCAEC) viability in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients after 6months. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty patients with CAD were randomly assigned to LM intervention (n=15) and usual care control (n=15) groups. LM-intervened patients were instructed to consume low-fat, high-antioxidants and fiber diets. Moderate exercise and stress management were also advised. Group support to maintain patients' compliance was applied. RESULTS Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, oxidized LDL and protein carbonyl were decreased in LM group. Serum triglyceride was increased in control group. HCAEC viability was increased, while intracellular reactive oxygen species was decreased, by serum from the LM group. CONCLUSION LM is capable of improving lipid profile, reducing oxidative stress and increasing HCAEC survival in the patients with CAD, hence lowering a risk for the future cardiovascular event.
Collapse
|
11
|
Afzalpour M, Gharakhanlou R, Gaeini A, Mohebbi H, Hedayati M, Khazaei M. The effects of aerobic exercises on the serum oxidized LDL and total antioxidant capacity in non-active men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvdpc.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Schöndorf T, Pfützner A, Lübben G, Karagiannis E, Roth W, Forst T. Pioglitazone improves metabolic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes independently from physical activities: results from the IRIS III study. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008; 2:244-9. [PMID: 19885350 PMCID: PMC2771479 DOI: 10.1177/193229680800200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pioglitazone is an established peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist for the treatment of insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This analysis of the observational IRIS III study was performed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone treatment in relation to the degree of physical exercise activities in a large patient population under daily life conditions. METHODS A total of 1298 patients out of 2092 enrolled into the IRIS III study who had provided information about their exercise level could be included in the final analysis (622 female, 676 male; age: 63.1 +/- 10.4 years, diabetes duration: 6.6 +/- 5.0 years, mean +/- SD). All patients were glitazone naïve prior to study entry. They received pioglitazone in addition to their previous oral antidiabetic treatment. The patients were stratified according to their physical activity level (never, sometimes, and regularly). Data were evaluated at baseline and after 20 +/- 2 weeks of treatment. Observation parameters were fasting blood glucose, lipids, and blood pressure. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was determined in a central laboratory, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by the IRIS II score. RESULTS Glycemic control, blood pressure, and the lipid profile improved independently from the degree of physical activity (e.g., no exercise vs frequent exercise: DeltaHbA1c: -0.89 +/- 1.2% vs -0.72 +/- 1.1%, not significant). A positive impact of exercise on insulin resistance could be observed at baseline, which, however, was further decreased by pioglitazone treatment [IRIS II score (baseline/end point): no exercise vs frequent exercise: 74.0 +/- 15.9/62.5 +/- 20.2 vs 66.7 +/- 19.0/58.0 +/- 21.8, p < 0.001/not significant]. CONCLUSIONS These observational results, obtained from a nonselected patient population under daily routine conditions, confirm that the benefits of pioglitazone treatment on glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure are independent from physical activity. Exercise has a positive influence on insulin sensitivity, but pioglitazone shows additional favorable effects and is, therefore, recommended for use independently from the activity level of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schöndorf
- Institute for Clinical Research and Development, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Involvement of advanced glycation end products in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications: the protective role of regular physical activity. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11556-008-0032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications and in the natural process of biological aging. In fact, maintained hyperglycaemia favours the formation of AGEs at the tissue level in diabetic patients, which may influence the triggering of different chronic pathologies of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macro- and micro-vascular diseases. Moreover, the literature has also demonstrated the involvement of AGEs in biological aging, which may explain the accelerated process of aging in diabetic patients. The practice of regular physical activity appears to positively influence glycaemic control, particularly in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This occurs through the diminution of fasting glycaemia, with a consequent reduction of glycation of plasmatic components suggested by the normalisation of HbA1c plasmatic levels. This exercise-induced positive effect is evident in the blood of diabetic patients and may also reach the endothelium and connective tissues of different organs, such as the kidneys and eyes, and systems, such as the cardiovascular and nervous systems, with a local reduction of AGEs production and further deceleration of organ dysfunction. The aim of this paper was to review the literature concerning this topic to coherently describe the harmful effects of AGEs in organ dysfunction induced by diabetes in advanced age as well as the mechanisms behind the apparent protection given by the practice of regular physical activity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rector RS, Warner SO, Liu Y, Hinton PS, Sun GY, Cox RH, Stump CS, Laughlin MH, Dellsperger KC, Thomas TR. Exercise and diet induced weight loss improves measures of oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in adults with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293:E500-6. [PMID: 17473052 PMCID: PMC2646852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00116.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) increase the risk for coronary heart disease; however, much of this risk is not attributable to traditional risk factors. We sought to determine whether weight loss associated with supervised aerobic exercise beneficially alters biomarkers of oxidative stress and whether these alterations are associated with improvements in measures of insulin resistance. Twenty-five sedentary and overweight to obese [body mass index (BMI) = 33.0 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)] individuals, with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, participated in a 4- to 7-mo weight loss program that consisted of energy restriction (reduced by approximately 500 kcal/day) and supervised aerobic exercise (5 days/wk, 45 min/day at 60% Vo(2 max); approximately 375 kcal/day). IR and insulin sensitivity were assessed by the calculation of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), respectively. Oxidative stress was assessed by oxidized LDL (oxLDL), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and low- and high- density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) lipid hydroperoxide concentrations in serum. Indexes for antioxidative status included apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) concentrations and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity and protein concentrations. Exercise- and diet-induced weight loss ( approximately 10%) significantly (P < 0.05) increased insulin sensitivity and reduced IR, oxLDL, and LDL lipid hydroperoxides but did not alter HDL lipid hydroperoxides or MPO concentrations. Lifestyle modification impacted systemic antioxidative status by increasing apoA1 concentrations and reducing serum PON1 protein and activity. Changes in oxidative stress were not associated with alterations in HOMA or QUICKI. Diet- and exercise-induced weight loss ( approximately 10%) improves measures of insulin sensitivity and beneficially alters biomarkers of oxidative status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 65211, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aldred S. Oxidative and nitrative changes seen in lipoproteins following exercise. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|