1
|
Sefastsson A, Marklund I, Littbrand H, Wester P, Stålnacke BM, Sörlin A, Langhammer B, Liv P, Hu X. Positive effects of lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy on balance, leg strength and dual-task ability in stroke patients: a longitudinal cohort study. J Rehabil Med 2024; 56:jrm24168. [PMID: 39360525 PMCID: PMC11462090 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.24168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether high-intensity lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy can improve balance, leg strength, and dual-task ability. DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study in a real-world outpatient clinic. PATIENTS 147 community-dwelling participants in the subacute and chronic poststroke phases. METHODS Participants received lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy for 6 hours/day during 2 consecutive weeks, including balance, strength, and functional training. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Single-Leg-Stance (SLS) bilaterally, one Repetition Maximum (1RM) in a leg press, symmetry of leg strength (Diff-1RM), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and the TUG Manual test were assessed before, after, and 3 months after lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy. RESULTS Compared with preintervention data, statistically significant improvements after lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (p < 0.001) were demonstrated for balance with an absolute value in BBS at 1.9 points (effect size 0.38) and SLS at 2.4 s (effect size 0.24), and for leg strength at 10.2 kg (effect size 0.54) for the affected leg. Diff 1RM decreased significantly at 5.8 kg (effect size 0.39) and improvements on dual-task ability at 2.7 s were significant (effect size 0.14). The effects persisted at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity lower extremity constraint-induced movement therapy may be a feasible treatment option for middle-aged stroke patients to affect balance, leg strength, and dual-task ability positively in an out-patient clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sefastsson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Liljeholmskliniken, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingela Marklund
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Clinical Research and Education, Region Värmland, Karlstad; Sweden
| | - Håkan Littbrand
- Department of Community and Rehabilitation Medicine, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Wester
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institute Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Stålnacke
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann Sörlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Per Liv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xiaolei Hu
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yap J, Palmer G, Graving K, Stone S, Gane EM. Vestibular Rehabilitation: Improving Symptomatic and Functional Outcomes of Persons With Vestibular Schwannoma: A Systematic Review. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae085. [PMID: 38982735 PMCID: PMC11450271 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with vestibular schwannoma suffer from dizziness, imbalance, and decreased function leading to reduced quality of life. Other forms of peripheral vestibular hypofunction show improvements in these signs and symptoms with vestibular rehabilitation; however, the efficacy of this intervention for those with vestibular schwannoma is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of vestibular physical therapy on subjective and objective measures of vestibular symptoms and function in people with vestibular schwannoma. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Included studies were experimental or observational in design and featured patients with vestibular schwannoma who had undergone vestibular physical therapy. Screening and quality assessment was completed independently by 2 researchers. Risk of bias was assessed with a tool appropriate for study design (eg, Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool for randomized trials). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to synthesize findings. RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included. Overall, the effect of vestibular physical therapy for patients with vestibular schwannoma was uncertain. Outcomes of dizziness, static and dynamic balance, and vestibular function all showed very low certainty on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. Multimodal physical therapist interventions consistent with clinical practice guidelines (eg, gaze stability, habituation, balance training, gait training) demonstrated potential for improvement in dizziness, balance, and vestibular function, respectively. Results were mostly insignificant when a single modality was used. CONCLUSION There may be benefit in multimodal vestibular physical therapy for people with vestibular schwannoma to improve symptoms and function. More high-quality studies specific to vestibular schwannoma prehabilitation and rehabilitation are needed to increase the certainty in the evidence. IMPACT Physical therapists are encouraged to use multimodal vestibular rehabilitation for vestibular schwannoma in clinical practice in line with clinical guidelines for peripheral vestibular hypofunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayden Yap
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gretta Palmer
- Physiotherapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Graving
- Physiotherapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shona Stone
- Physiotherapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elise M Gane
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gois CO, de Andrade Guimarães AL, Gois Júnior MB, Carvalho VO. The Use of Reference Values for the Timed Up and Go Test Applied in Multiple Scenarios? J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:679-682. [PMID: 38684210 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Oliveira Gois
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil
- The GrEAt Group-Grupo de Estudos em Atividade física and Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Alana Lalucha de Andrade Guimarães
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil
- The GrEAt Group-Grupo de Estudos em Atividade física and Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Miburge Bolívar Gois Júnior
- The GrEAt Group-Grupo de Estudos em Atividade física and Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Vitor Oliveira Carvalho
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, Sao Cristovao, SE, Brazil
- The GrEAt Group-Grupo de Estudos em Atividade física and Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sao Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui Z, Tang YY, Lee MH, Kim MK. The effects of gaze stability exercises on balance, gait ability, and fall efficacy in patients with chronic stroke: A 2-week follow-up from a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39221. [PMID: 39121318 PMCID: PMC11315555 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the effect of gaze stability exercises on balance, gait ability, and fall efficacy in patients with chronic stroke, as well as to investigate whether any observed effects were maintained 2 weeks later. METHODS In this experiment, 30 chronic stroke patients were selected. The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups (10 patients in each group). All patients in the 3 groups performed basic neurodevelopmental treatment. Group 1 performed balance exercises accompanied by gaze stability exercises. Group 2 performed gaze stability exercises, and group 3 performed balance exercises. Each exercise program for 40 minutes 3 times a week for 4 weeks. After the intervention period, the patient's balance, gait ability, and fall efficacy were measured again. In order to know whether the training effect is maintained, a 2-week follow-up test was conducted after the training. RESULTS The results of this study showed that there was a significant improve in balance (overall stability index, limit of stability test, and Berg Balance Scale), gait ability (gait velocity, cadence, step time and step length, Timed Up and Go [TUG] test), and fall efficacy over the different time within the 3 groups. The effect was observed to be maintained in follow-up tests after 2 weeks. In the comparison among 3 groups, the overall stability index, limit of stability test in the balance test and the gait velocity, cadence, step time, step length and Timed Up and Go test in the gait test all showed statistically significant differences, and the other items did not have significant differences. In most of the assessments, group 1 that used balance exercise combined with gaze stability exercise showed a better improvement than the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION As a result, for stroke patients, gaze stability exercise is an effective arbitration method to improve balance and gait ability and fall efficacy. With balance exercise combined with gaze stability exercise, a greater effect can be seen than with gaze stability exercise or balance exercise alone. Thus, this combination exercise program can be recommended as effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Ying Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ho Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sakai K, Hosoi Y, Harada Y, Ikeda Y, Tanabe J. Overestimation associated with walking and balance function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:1404-1411. [PMID: 36752646 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2023.2175189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimation error is the difference between motor imagery and actual motor time. Previous studies have reported that overestimation (motor imagery time < actual motor time) is related to physical functions in healthy individuals. However, this finding is unclear among individuals diagnosed with a stroke. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether overestimation is related to physical function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke. METHODS This study included 71 individuals diagnosed with a stroke (mean age, 67.2 ± 13.4 years; mean time since stroke, 68.4 ± 44.7 days). Imagined timed up and go test (iTUGT) was performed to assess the estimation error. First, the iTUGT was performed; subsequently, the TUGT was performed. The estimation error was calculated by subtracting the TUGT from the iTUGT, with two standard deviations (2 SDs) being calculated. Furthermore, patients were classified into appropriate estimation (AE, within ±2 SD) and overestimation (OE, over -2 SD) groups. Both groups were tested using the estimation error, iTUGT, TUGT, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Brunnstrom Recovery Stage (BRS). Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed. RESULTS The OE group had a significantly higher estimation error than the AE group (OE: -7.08 ± 6.87 s, AE: -0.29 ± 1.53 s, P < .001). Moreover, the OE group had significantly lower TUGT and BBS than the AE group. The estimation error was correlated with the TUGT, BBS, and lower-limb BRS (ρ = -0.454, 0.431, 0.291, respectively; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Overestimation was associated with TUGT and balance function in individuals diagnosed with a stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Sakai
- Faculty of Healthcare Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hosoi
- Department of Rehabilitation of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Sports Health Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Harada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Ikeda
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Tanabe
- Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department Physical Therapy, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nketsiah E, Zubatsky M, Berg-Weger M. Incorporating Spirituality into Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Groups for Persons with Dementia: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38949381 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2024.2372113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is an evidence-based, non-pharmacological intervention for older adults with mild to moderate dementia. While CST has been adapted in various ways, this study explored the impact of adding a spiritual dimension to CST. Participants (N = 34) were divided into spiritual and traditional CST groups based on their residence. After a 14-session intervention involving interactive conversations, the spiritual CST group showed significantly lower depression scores (M = 2.7) compared to traditional CST (M = 6.5). With the global increase in dementia-related disorders, non-pharmacological interventions like CST offer crucial support for addressing memory loss. Social workers are uniquely positioned to deliver CST to diverse populations who value spirituality or faith in their daily lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebow Nketsiah
- Saint Louis School of University, Social Work, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Max Zubatsky
- Saint Louis School of University, Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marla Berg-Weger
- Saint Louis School of University, Social Work, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Çoban O, Mutluay F. The effects of mechanical hippotherapy riding on postural control, balance, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:2338-2347. [PMID: 37303153 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2221458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSED This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercises by mechanical hippotherapy devices on postural control, balance, mobility, and Quality of Life in patients with stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a randomized controlled clinical trial with a total of 30 which were randomly divided into two groups. The participants in the mechanical hippotherapy group (MHG) (n = 15) were given exercises with a mechanical hippotherapy device for 15 min in addition to intensive conventional treatments (45 min), while the control group (CG) (n = 15) received additional 15 min of postural control and balance exercises for five days per week for four consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was The Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Secondary outcomes were the Fugl-Meyer (FM) Rating Scale, Biodex Balance Measurement (BBM), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and quality of Life Short Form (SF-36). RESULTS In the MHG, FM-Lower extremity score (-6.4, p = 0.024), FM-Upper extremity score (-12.87, p = 0.013), TIS (-5.87, p = 0.04) and TUG (5.73, p = 0.027) improved statistically significant compared to CG. CONCLUSION Exercises using mechanical hippotherapy devices could improve postural control, functional mobility and balance in patients with stroke. It may also improve the quality of life. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03528993IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONNCT03528993It was concluded from our results that mechanical hippotherapy could be included in the treatment programs of stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Çoban
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Mutluay
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hernández-Moreda B, Llamas-Ramos I, Llamas-Ramos R, Sánchez-González JL, Bermejo-Gil BM, Pérez-Robledo F, Frutos-Bernal E, Martín-Nogueras AM. Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Version of the Brief-BESTest in Stroke Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2873. [PMID: 38792414 PMCID: PMC11121876 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Balance disorders and postural control treatments play an important role in fall prevention. The Brief-BESTest is a short-scale employed to evaluate balance and fall risk in different populations. Balance assessment is a fundamental element in patients with Acquired Brain Injury rehabilitation since postural alteration is one of the most frequent sequelae. The objective was to validate the Spanish version of the Brief-BESTest questionnaire in the stroke population. Methods: Subjects of both sexes aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of acute/chronic stroke were included. The BESTest, Mini-BESTest, Brief-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale, and Timed Up & Go Test were used to assess balance. The scales were implemented once. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the internal consistency and confirmatory factorial analysis was employed to assess validity. Results: A total of 44 patients with a mean age of 65.35 years (SD = 10.665) participated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed a high internal consistency with a value of 0.839. In the criterion validity, there was a high positive correlation between the Brief-BESTest and BESTest (r = 0.879), Mini-BESTest (r = 0.808), and Berg Balance Scale (r = 0.711). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the Brief-BESTest scale is valid and reliable, showing adequate psychometric properties for balance assessment in patients with acute or chronic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernández-Moreda
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
| | - Inés Llamas-Ramos
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rocío Llamas-Ramos
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Sánchez-González
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz María Bermejo-Gil
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fátima Pérez-Robledo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Frutos-Bernal
- Department of Statistics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Ana María Martín-Nogueras
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (B.H.-M.); (R.L.-R.); (J.L.S.-G.); (B.M.B.-G.); (F.P.-R.); (A.M.M.-N.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abdollahi M, Rashedi E, Kuber PM, Jahangiri S, Kazempour B, Dombovy M, Azadeh-Fard N. Post-Stroke Functional Changes: In-Depth Analysis of Clinical Tests and Motor-Cognitive Dual-Tasking Using Wearable Sensors. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:349. [PMID: 38671771 PMCID: PMC11048064 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical tests like Timed Up and Go (TUG) facilitate the assessment of post-stroke mobility, but they lack detailed measures. In this study, 21 stroke survivors and 20 control participants underwent TUG, sit-to-stand (STS), and the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT). Tests incorporated single tasks (STs) and motor-cognitive dual-task (DTs) involving reverse counting from 200 in decrements of 10. Eight wearable motion sensors were placed on feet, shanks, thighs, sacrum, and sternum to record kinematic data. These data were analyzed to investigate the effects of stroke and DT conditions on the extracted features across segmented portions of the tests. The findings showed that stroke survivors (SS) took 23% longer for total TUG (p < 0.001), with 31% longer turn time (p = 0.035). TUG time increased by 20% (p < 0.001) from STs to DTs. In DTs, turning time increased by 31% (p = 0.005). Specifically, SS showed 20% lower trunk angular velocity in sit-to-stand (p = 0.003), 21% longer 10-Meter Walk time (p = 0.010), and 18% slower gait speed (p = 0.012). As expected, turning was especially challenging and worsened with divided attention. The outcomes of our study demonstrate the benefits of instrumented clinical tests and DTs in effectively identifying motor deficits post-stroke across sitting, standing, walking, and turning activities, thereby indicating that quantitative motion analysis can optimize rehabilitation procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Abdollahi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| | - Ehsan Rashedi
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| | - Pranav Madhav Kuber
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| | - Sonia Jahangiri
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| | - Behnam Kazempour
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| | - Mary Dombovy
- Department of Rehabilitation and Neurology, Unity Hospital, Rochester, NY 14626, USA;
| | - Nasibeh Azadeh-Fard
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; (M.A.); (P.M.K.); (S.J.); (B.K.); (N.A.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Traxler K, Baum E, Klotz E, Reindl M, Schinabeck F, Seebacher B. Combining specific task-oriented training with manual therapy to improve balance and mobility in patients after stroke: a mixed methods pilot randomised controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil 2024; 46:1318-1329. [PMID: 37051907 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2193432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In absence of existing studies, to describe changes in balance and mobility, following specific task-oriented training (TOT), its combination with talocrural manual therapy (MT-TOT) or no intervention, in chronic stroke patients. To explore the feasibility of a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) based on criteria of recruitment, retention and adherence rates, adverse events, falls and acceptability of the intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using an assessor-blinded pilot RCT, 36 stroke patients were allocated to either MT-TOT, TOT, or controls. Supervised interventions were performed 45 min, 2×/weekly, for 4 weeks, and home-based practice 20 min, 4x/weekly for 4 weeks. Qualitative interviews evaluated intervention acceptability. Outcomes of balance, mobility, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), falls and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up. RESULTS Preliminary efficacy of MT-TOT and TOT was shown in improving balance (effect size 0.714), walking speed (0.683), mobility (0.265), dual-tasking mobility (0.595), falls (0.037), active and passive talocrural ROM (0.603; 0.751) and activities and social participation related HRQoL domains (0.332-0.784) in stroke patients. The feasibility of a larger RCT was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Specific MT-TOT and TOT appeared effective and are feasible in stroke patients. A larger RCT is needed to validate the results.Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023068. Registered on 21.09.2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023068.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Traxler
- Therapiezentrum Kinema, Neukirchen b. hl. Blut, Germany
- Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Danube University Krems, Austria
| | - Eva Baum
- Therapiezentrum Kinema, Neukirchen b. hl. Blut, Germany
| | | | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franz Schinabeck
- Überörtliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Hohenwarth/Lam, Hohenwarth, Germany
| | - Barbara Seebacher
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
- VASCage, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Wu J, Hua X, Zheng M, Xu J. The promotion-like effect of the M1-STN hyperdirect pathway induced by ccPAS enhanced balance performances: From the perspective of brain connectivity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14710. [PMID: 38615363 PMCID: PMC11016345 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to explore the effect of cortico-cortical paired-associative stimulation (ccPAS) in modulating hyperdirect pathway and its influence on balance performance. METHODS Forty healthy participants were randomly allocated to the active ccPAS group (n = 20) or the sham ccPAS group (n = 20). The primary motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus were stimulated sequentially with ccPAS. Unlike the active ccPAS group, one wing of coil was tilted to form a 90° angle with scalp of stimulation locations for the sham ccPAS group. Magnetic resonance imaging, functional reach test (FRT), timed up and go (TUG) test, and limit of stability (LOS) test were performed, and correlation between them was also analyzed. RESULTS Three participants in the sham ccPAS group were excluded because of poor quality of NIfTI images. The active group had strengthened hyperdirect pathway, increased functional connectivity (FC) between orbital part of frontal cortex and bilateral precuneus, and decreased FC among basal ganglia (all p < 0.05). Regional network properties of triangular and orbital parts of IFG, middle cingulate cortex, and hippocampus increased. The active group performed better in FRT and LOS (all p < 0.05). FRT positively correlated with FC of the hyperdirect pathway (r = 0.439, p = 0.007) and FCs between orbital part of frontal cortex and bilateral precuneus (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The ccPAS enhanced balance performance by promotion-like plasticity mechanisms through the hyperdirect pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Lin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xu‐Yun Hua
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mou‐Xiong Zheng
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Guang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ezeugwu VE, Manns PJ. Compositional associations between movement-related behaviours and functional outcomes post-stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38372048 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2317995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between the composition of movement-related behaviours (sedentary behaviour, sleep, standing, and stepping) and functional outcomes post-stroke. METHODS This study included 34 adults with stroke (mean age: 64.6 ± 12.5 years; time since stroke: 3.5 ± 1.1 months) who underwent an 8-week sedentary behaviour intervention. Functional outcomes were assessed using the timed up and go (TUG) and gait speed tests. Compositional data analysis was used to investigate the relationships between movement-related behaviours and functional outcomes. RESULTS The baseline composition of movement-related behaviours showed significant associations with changes in TUG (F = 4.28, p = 0.01) and gait speed (F = 4.63, p = 0.01) after the 8-week reducing sedentary behaviour intervention. Reallocating ≥ 30 min/day to stepping, while proportionally decreasing other movement-related behaviours, was associated with a significant change in TUG. Similarly, a relative reallocation of ≥ 40 min/day to stepping was associated with a clinically meaningful change in gait speed. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the importance of considering movement-related behaviours in relation to functional outcomes post-stroke. Reallocating at least 30 min per day to stepping, relative to a reduction in other movement-related behaviours, is associated with significant and meaningful change in functional outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Ezeugwu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia J Manns
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kintrilis N, Kontaxakis A, Philippou A. EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING THROUGH IN-PERSON AND TELECONFERENCING SESSIONS IN REHABILITATION OF ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS. JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE. CLINICAL COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 7:18647. [PMID: 38328738 PMCID: PMC10847974 DOI: 10.2340/jrmcc.v7.18647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether application of a strength training regimen yields measurable results on stroke survivors and compare different methods for the proposed intervention. Design Patients and Methods Ninety stroke patients were recruited from the neurological clinic of a local third-level clinic. Sixty patients participated in a strength training regimen with trainings taking place 3 times a week for 12 weeks with the use of resistance bands. Thirty of these patients were given face-to-face sessions and 30 patients were given trainings through an on-line platform. The last 30 patients who comprised the control group only followed usual care after the stroke. Results The applied strength regimen had a statistically significant effect on Visual Analog Scale scores of stroke patients who received it (p = 0.009), as well as in the teleconferencing group (p = 0.004). The measured arteriovenous oxygen difference was elevated for stroke patients who received the intervention as a whole (p = 0.007). Patients who were trained in person and the ones who were trained via teleconferencing yielded similar results as evaluated through the VAS index. Discussion and Conclusion Administration of strength training 3 times weekly for 12 weeks to stroke patients yielded measurable results in terms of general function and quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kintrilis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kontaxakis
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department, 414 Military Hospital of Special Diseases, Penteli, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bruyneel AV, Reinmann A, Sordet C, Venturelli P, Feldmann I, Guyen E. Reliability and validity of the trunk position sense and modified functional reach tests in individuals after stroke. Physiother Theory Pract 2024; 40:118-127. [PMID: 35850603 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric qualities of the proprioception and dynamic trunk control tests have rarely been studied in individuals after stroke. OBJECTIVE To investigate the reliability and validity of the Trunk Position Sense Test (TPS) and Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT) in persons after stroke. METHODS Thirty-two participants were included. The TPS and MFRT were assessed by two physiotherapists during a first session. After resting, a second session was conducted. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess the test-retest (ICC3,k) and inter-rater reliability (ICC2,k). Pearson correlations coefficients were calculated between TPS/MFRT performances and clinical tests (trunk strength, Timed Up and Go and Balance Assessment in Sitting and Standing Positions - BASSP). RESULTS The TPS inter-rater reliability was good for vertical error (ICC = 0.75 [0.50-0.88]) while it was moderate for horizontal error (ICC = 0.48 [0.10-0.75]) as well as for test-retest reliability (0.39 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.59). As for the MFRT, inter-rater (0.76 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.90) and test-retest reliability (0.71 ≤ ICC ≤ 0.91) were good to excellent for anterior, paretic et non-paretic displacements. Horizontal errors for the TPS (-0.26 ≤ r ≤ -0.36) and anterior MFRT (0.38 ≤ r ≤ 0.64) values correlated moderately with trunk strength. CONCLUSION The MFRT is a reliable test for persons after stroke with trunk control impairments. The TPS does not appear to be relevant for post-stroke individuals. This can be explained by the fact that its procedure is not easily applied for individuals after stroke - who may have significant motor and cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Violette Bruyneel
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Reinmann
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Sordet
- Neuro-rehabilitation department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Venturelli
- Neuro-rehabilitation department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irmgard Feldmann
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuro-rehabilitation department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Guyen
- Neuro-rehabilitation department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Okusanya D, Ezeugwa JC, Khan A, Buck B, Jickling GC, Ezeugwu VE. The whole day matters after stroke: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a 'sit less, move more, sleep better' program early after stroke. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290515. [PMID: 38060584 PMCID: PMC10703225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Movement-related behaviours, including prolonged sedentary behaviour, physical inactivity, and poor sleep, are associated with worse functional outcomes poststroke. Addressing these co-dependent behaviours early after stroke may help to optimize recovery and improve overall quality of life for individuals with stroke. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the feasibility and effect of a 'sit less, move more, sleep better' program early after stroke on functional mobility and global disability outcomes, while also exploring imaging and behavioural markers that may influence walking recovery. METHODS The study is an assessor-blinded, single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial to be completed within 24 months from July 12, 2023 to June 30, 2025. We will enroll 50 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 7 days from symptom onset, aged 18 years or older, and with ongoing walking goals. Demographic and stroke characteristics, including stroke risk factors, neuroimaging, and acute stroke treatments, will be determined and documented. All participants will wear an accelerometer for one week at three different time-points (baseline, 6, and 12 weeks) to assess movement-related behaviours. Following randomization, participants in the intervention arm will receive a 'sit less, move more, sleep better' program for up to 1 hour/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks to enhance self-efficacy for change. Participants in the control arm will receive usual inpatient and early supported stroke discharge care. The feasibility outcomes will include reach (enrolled/eligible), retention (completed/enrolled), adverse events, and program adherence. Other outcomes at 6 and 12 weeks include the modified Rankin Scale, Timed-Up and Go, movement-related behaviours, walking endurance, gait speed, cognition, stroke severity and quality of life. Mixed-effects models will assess changes in outcomes over time. Compositional associations between movement-related behaviours and outcomes will consider covariates such as imaging markers. DISCUSSION Adopting a whole-day approach to poststroke rehabilitation will provide valuable insights into the relationship between optimizing movement-related behaviours early after stroke and their impact on functional outcomes. Through exploring person-specific behavioural and imaging markers, this study may inform precision rehabilitation strategies, and guide clinical decision making for more tailored interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05753761, March 3, 2023).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Okusanya
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joy C. Ezeugwa
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aiza Khan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian Buck
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen C. Jickling
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor E. Ezeugwu
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kang D, Park J, Eun SD. Home-Based Virtual Reality Exergame Program after Stroke Rehabilitation for Patients with Stroke: A Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2256. [PMID: 38137857 PMCID: PMC10744717 DOI: 10.3390/life13122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It is essential for stroke patients to maintain their therapy even after discharging inpatient rehabilitation. This is because recovery is an ongoing process that requires consistent effort. Virtual reality exergame training (VRET) is becoming widely used in stroke rehabilitation to improve physical, social, and psychological outcomes. Home-based VRET may be a more convenient and accessible option for stroke rehabilitation. This study will aim to determine the effectiveness of home-based VRET for patients with stroke who have been discharged from the hospital. This trial will randomly assign 120 participants to 8 weeks of either a VRET (intervention group) or daily life (control group). The study will measure cardiopulmonary endurance, muscular strength, functional capacity, gait, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Our main objective is to determine whether it is safe for patients to undergo VRET at home after they have been discharged from the hospital with a doctor's note. Additionally, we aim to examine whether stroke patients are capable of exercising at home after being discharged from the hospital. This study's outcome could pave the way for developing more comprehensive exercise protocols for stroke patients. Our findings will provide valuable insights into the efficacy of VRET as a therapeutic tool for stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Healthcare and Public Health Research, National Rehabilitation Center Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon-Deok Eun
- Department of Healthcare and Public Health Research, National Rehabilitation Center Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ng SSM, Chen P, Chan TCW, Chang CHL, Cheng RHY, Chow KKL, Yeung AFM, Liu TW, Ho LYW, Yeung JWF, Xu RH, Tse MMY. Reliability and validity of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke. J Rehabil Med 2023; 55:jrm12372. [PMID: 37721097 PMCID: PMC10514954 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v55.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the psychometric properties of the supine-to-stand test in people with stroke. DESIGN Cross-sectional design. SUBJECTS Fifty-two people with stroke (mean (standard deviation) age 63.13 (6.09) years; time post-stroke 93.13 (61.36) months) and 49 healthy older adults (61.90 (7.29) months). METHODS Subjects with stroke were recruited from the community dwelling in Hong Kong and assessed with the supineto- stand test, Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment, ankle muscle strength test, Berg Balance Scale, limit of stability test, Timed Up-and-Go Test, Six-Minute Walk Test, Chinese version of Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Community Integration Measure (CIM-C), and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) in a university-based rehabilitation laboratory. RESULTS The supine-to-stand test completion time demonstrated excellent intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.946-1.000) for the people with stroke. The completion time was significantly negatively correlated with Berg Balance Scale, Six-Minute Walk Test, limit of stability - maximal excursion, and limit of stability - endpoint excursion results (r = -0.391 to -0.507), whereas it was positively correlated with the Timed Up-and-Go test results (r = 0.461). The optimal cut-off supine-to-stand test completion time of 5.25 s is feasible for a clinical measure to distinguish the performance of people with stroke from healthy older adults (area under the curve = 0.852, sensitivity = 81.1%, specificity = 84.0%). CONCLUSION The supine-to-stand test is a reliable, sensitive, specific and easy-to-administer clinical test for assessing the supine-to-stand ability of people with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamay S M Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peiming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony C W Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cherry H L Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Regen H Y Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kylie K L Chow
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex F M Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tai-Wa Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lily Y W Ho
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jerry W F Yeung
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Richard H Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mimi M Y Tse
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kang D, Park J, Eun SD. Protocol for Community-Based Exercise Training after Discharge from Hospital-Based Stroke Rehabilitation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind Controlled Pilot and Feasibility Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2275. [PMID: 37628473 PMCID: PMC10454670 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training participation of patients with stroke in the community after discharge from the hospital has many benefits for physical, social, and psychological rehabilitation and improves their quality of life. However, in the Republic of Korea, studies on stroke survivors who can participate in an exercise training program have not been conducted. This trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of exercise training programs after patients with stroke are discharged from the hospital with a doctor's note and referred to a community exercise center, as there is a lack of studies on this population. This multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind controlled pilot and feasibility trial will randomly assign 120 patients with stroke to either 8 weeks of a community-based exercise training program (experimental group) or activities of daily living (control group). The primary outcomes will be muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical performance, and gait. The secondary outcomes will be quality of life and activities of daily living. This study's results may add new insights into the effectiveness of community-based exercise training programs after patients with stroke are discharged from the hospital with a doctor's note and referred to a community exercise center. The success of the new exercise training approach could offer valuable information for developing more inclusive protocols for patients with stroke in the future if it proves to be efficacious.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Healthcare and Public Health Research, National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seon-Deok Eun
- Department of Healthcare and Public Health Research, National Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su Z, Guo Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Chen W, Zheng M, Michael N, Lu S, Wang W, Xiao H. The effect of telerehabilitation on balance in stroke patients: is it more effective than the traditional rehabilitation model? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1156473. [PMID: 37265467 PMCID: PMC10229885 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1156473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Telerehabilitation and telemedicine have gradually gained popularity. In 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 started in Wuhan and then spread across the world. To date, most countries have opted to coexist with the virus. However, patients, especially those who have suffered a stroke, should take measures to avoid being infected with any disease as much as possible since any infectious disease can lead to adverse events for them. Telerehabilitation can be beneficial to stroke patients as they are less likely to be infected by the virus. In recent years, several studies on telerehabilitation have been conducted globally. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of telerehabilitation on the balance ability of stroke patients, compare the efficacy of conventional rehabilitation with telerehabilitation, explore the characteristics of telerehabilitation and conventional rehabilitation, and provide recommendations for rehabilitation programs in the context of the global pandemic. Methods We searched Pubmed, Embase, the Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2022 for randomized controlled trials published in English that evaluated the improvement of balance function in stroke patients after telerehabilitation and compared the differences between telerehabilitation (TR) and conventional rehabilitation (CR). The random-effects model was utilized to calculate mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate intervention effects. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed according to the I2 values. The risk of bias was measured using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool. Results We included nine studies in the system evaluation, all of which were included in the pooled analysis. All outcomes in the experimental and control groups improved over time. The comparison between groups concluded that people who received the telerehabilitation intervention had a significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale (MD = 2.80; 95% CI 0.61, 4.98, P < 0.05, I2 = 51.90%) and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (MD = 8.12; 95% CI 6.35, 9.88, P < 0.05, I2 = 0) compared to controls. The Timed Up and Go test (MD = -4.59; 95% CI -5.93, -.25, P < 0.05, I2 = 0) and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment-Balance (MD = 2.50; 95% CI 0.39, 4.61, P < 0.05) scored better in the control group than in the experimental group. There were no significant differences in other outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion Studies on changes in medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic also demonstrated that, for stroke patients, telerehabilitation achieves similar effects as the conventional rehabilitation model and can act as a continuation of the conventional rehabilitation model. Owing to the different equipment and intervention programs of telerehabilitation, its curative effect on the static balance and reactive balance of stroke patients may be different. Currently, telerehabilitation may be more conducive to the rehabilitation of patients' static balance abilities, while conventional rehabilitation is more effective for the rehabilitation of patients' reactive balance. Therefore, further studies are needed for investigating the difference in efficacy between varied devices and telerehabilitation programs. Further research is needed on static and reactive balance. In addition, such research should have a large body of literature and a large sample size to support more definitive findings based on the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Systematic review registration CRD42023389456.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyin Su
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhenxia Guo
- Department of Trauma Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yatao Liu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesia Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wanqiang Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maohua Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nerich Michael
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shuai Lu
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weining Wang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Handan Xiao
- The Second Clinical College of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee JH, Kim EJ. The Effect of Diagonal Exercise Training for Neurorehabilitation on Functional Activity in Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050799. [PMID: 37239271 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional movements of the human body occur multifacetedly. This pilot study investigated the effects of neurorehabilitation training, including diagonal movements, balance, gait, fall efficacy, and activities of daily living in stroke patients. Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with stroke by a specialist were divided into experimental groups applying diagonal exercise training and control groups applying sagittal exercise training. The five times sit-to-stand test (FTSST), timed up and go (TUG) test, and Berg balance scale (BBS) were used to evaluate balance ability, the falls efficacy scale (FES) was used to evaluate fall efficacy, and the modified Barthel index (MBI) was used to evaluate activities of daily living. All evaluations were conducted once prior to intervention implementation and again six weeks after the final intervention. In the study results, the experimental group to which the diagonal exercise training was applied had statistically significant changes in FTSST, BBS, and FES compared to the control group. In conclusion, the rehabilitation program, including diagonal exercise training, increased the patient's balance and reduced the fear of falling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungdong University, 815, Gyeonhwon-ro, Munmak-eup, Wonju-si 26495, Gang-won-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ja Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kyungdong University, 815, Gyeonhwon-ro, Munmak-eup, Wonju-si 26495, Gang-won-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee YH, Ko LW, Hsu CY, Cheng YY. Therapeutic Effects of Robotic-Exoskeleton-Assisted Gait Rehabilitation and Predictive Factors of Significant Improvements in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050585. [PMID: 37237654 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Robotic-exoskeleton-assisted gait rehabilitation improves lower limb strength and functions in post-stroke patients. However, the predicting factors of significant improvement are unclear. We recruited 38 post-stroke hemiparetic patients whose stroke onsets were <6 months. They were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group receiving a regular rehabilitation program, and an experimental group receiving in addition a robotic exoskeletal rehabilitation component. After 4 weeks of training, both groups showed significant improvement in the strength and functions of their lower limbs, as well as health-related quality of life. However, the experimental group showed significantly better improvement in the following aspects: knee flexion torque at 60°/s, 6 min walk test distance, and the mental subdomain and the total score on a 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12). Further logistic regression analyses showed that robotic training was the best predictor of a greater improvement in both the 6 min walk test and the total score on the SF-12. In conclusion, robotic-exoskeleton-assisted gait rehabilitation improved lower limb strength, motor performance, walking speed, and quality of life in these stroke patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Heng Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Ko
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Control Engineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B) in College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Biostatistics Task Force, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yang Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Intelligent Long Term Medical Care Research Center, Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Garay-Sánchez A, Marcén-Román Y, Ferrando-Margelí M, Franco-Sierra MÁ, Suarez-Serrano C. Effect of Physiotherapy Treatment with Immersive Virtual Reality in Subjects with Stroke: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091335. [PMID: 37174877 PMCID: PMC10177902 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many stroke survivors suffer from sensorimotor deficits, especially balance impairments. The purpose of this trial is to investigate whether the designed Immersive Virtual Reality training program is better in the short term (15 sessions) and in the medium term (30 sessions) than physiotherapy training with Bayouk, Boucher and Leroux exercises, with respect to static balance in sitting and standing, dynamic balance and quality of life in patients with balance impairment in stroke survivors. METHODS This study is a randomized controlled trial with two treatment arms and evaluators blinded, and a functionality treatment group in combination with specific balance exercise training according to Bayouk, Boucher and Leroux (control group) or a balanced treatment using Immersive VR. The primary outcome will be static, Dynamic balance and gait measured by Bestest Assessment Score (BESTest), Berg Scale (BBS), Pass Scale (PASS) and Time Up and Go test (TUG). The secondary outcome will be the stroke-associated quality of life using the Stroke Quality of Life Scale (ECVI-38). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study may add new insights into how to address balance using Immersive Virtual Reality after a stroke. If the new training approach proves effective, the results may provide insight into how to design more comprehensive protocols in the future for people with balance impairments after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Garay-Sánchez
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yolanda Marcén-Román
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrando-Margelí
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Franco-Sierra
- Institute for Health Research Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Suarez-Serrano
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chang JL, Chen HJ, Chen PY, Chou LW, Lai CH, Lu YH, Chiang SL, Lin CH, Wang XM, Lin CH. Validating stroke-induced bilateral ankle coordination deficits using bilateral ankle measure relationship with motor functions in lower limbs. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2023; 20:32. [PMID: 36932449 PMCID: PMC10022551 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-023-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coordinated control between the bilateral ankle joints plays an important role in performing daily life functions, such as walking and running. However, few studies have explored the impact of stroke on movement disorders that decrease the coordination control of the bilateral extremities and may decrease daily activities that require coordination control of the bilateral ankles. This study aimed to investigate the coordination control of the bilateral ankles using a novel bilateral ankle measurement system and evaluate the relationship of bilateral movement coordination control deficits with motor and functional performances of the lower extremities in patients with stroke. METHODS Twenty-one healthy adults (36.5 ± 13.2 y/o) and 19 patients with chronic stroke (58.7 ± 10.5 y/o) were enrolled. A novel measurement device with embedded rotary potentiometers was used to evaluate bilateral ankle coordination control. Participants were asked to move their dominant (non-paretic) foot from dorsiflexion to plantarflexion position and non-dominant (paretic) foot from dorsiflexion to plantarflexion position (condition 1) simultaneously, and vice versa (condition 2). Alternating time and angle for coordination control with movements of both ankles were calculated for each condition. Motor and functional performance measurements of the lower extremities included the lower-extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA-LE), Berg Balance Test (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Barthel Index (BI). RESULTS Compared with the healthy group, alternating time was shorter in the stroke group by 8.3% (p = 0.015), and the alternating angles of conditions 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those of the healthy group by 1.4° (p = 0.001) and 2.5° (p = 0.013), respectively. The alternating angle in condition 2 showed moderate correlations with TUG (r = 0.512; p = 0.025), 10-m walk (r = 0.747; p < 0.001), gait speed (r = - 0.497 to - 0.491; p < 0.05), length (r = - 0.518 to - 0.551; p < 0.05), and BI (r = - 0.457; p = 0.049). CONCLUSION Stroke decreases alternating time, increases alternating angle, and shows bilateral ankle coordination control deficits temporally and spatially. A higher alternating angle is moderately to highly associated with motor function and lower limb function in patients with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lan Chang
- grid.412955.e0000 0004 0419 7197Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei, 23561 Taiwan
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung-Ju Chen
- grid.59784.370000000406229172National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Rd., Zhunan Town, Miaoli County, 350 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Po-Yin Chen
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Li-Wei Chou
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- grid.412897.10000 0004 0639 0994Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yueh-Hsun Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Rd., New Taipei City, 235 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shang-Lin Chiang
- grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Taipei, 114 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chia-Huei Lin
- grid.278244.f0000 0004 0638 9360Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Rd., Taipei, 114 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Xin-Miao Wang
- Faculty of Humanities, Zhejiang Dong Fang Polytechnic College, 47Th Floor, China Resources Building B 1366 Qianjiang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chueh-Ho Lin
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Master Program in Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- grid.416930.90000 0004 0639 4389Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Taipei, 116 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ng SSM, Tse MMY, Chen P, Lam TPS, Yeung THT, Liu TW, So BCL. Assessing the Turning Ability during Walking in People with Stroke Using L Test. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3618. [PMID: 36834318 PMCID: PMC9963585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The L Test of Functional Mobility (L Test) was developed to assess the advanced mobility, which includes both turning and walking ability. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the intra-rater reliability of the L Test in four turning conditions, (2) the correlation with other stroke-specific impairment for community-dwelling older adults with stroke, and (3) the optimal cut-off completion time of the L Test to distinguish the difference of performance between healthy older adults and people with stroke. METHODS This is a cross-sectional design. Thirty older adults with stroke and healthy older adults were included. The subjects were assessed by L Test along with other stroke-specific outcomes. RESULTS The L Test showed excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.945-0.978) for the four turning conditions. There were significant correlations between L Test completion times and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE) scores, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) scores, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test scores. The cut-off of the L Test was established as 23.41-24.13 s. CONCLUSION The L Test is an easy-to-administer clinical test for assessing the turning ability of people with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamay S. M. Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mimi M. Y. Tse
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony P. S. Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tony H. T. Yeung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tai-Wa Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Billy C. L. So
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Innovation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
LI K, YU H, KORTAS JA, LIN X, LIPOWSKI M. The effect of 12 weeks of Baduanjin exercise on cognitive function, lower limb balance and quality of life of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
26
|
Nindorera F, Nduwimana I, Sinzakaraye A, Havyarimana E, Bleyenheuft Y, Thonnard JL, Kossi O. Effect of mixed and collective physical activity in chronic stroke rehabilitation: A randomized cross-over trial in low-income settings. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2022; 66:101704. [PMID: 36115574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of physical inactivity after stroke is high and exercise training improves many outcomes. However, access to community training protocols is limited, especially in low-income settings. OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a new intervention: Circuit walking, balance, cycling and strength training (CBCS) on activity of daily living (ADL) limitations, motor performance, and social participation restrictions in people after stroke. METHODS Forty-six community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke who were no longer in conventional rehabilitation were randomized into an immediate CBCS group (IG; initially received CBCS training for 12 weeks in phase 1), and a delayed CBCS group (DG) that first participated in sociocultural activities for 12 weeks. In phase 2, participants crossed over so that the DG underwent CBCS and the IG performed sociocultural activities. The primary outcome was ADL limitations measured with the ACTIVLIM-Stroke scale. Secondary outcomes included motor performance (balance: Berg Balance Scale [BBS], global impairment: Stroke Impairment Assessment Set [SIAS] and mobility: 6-minute and 10-metre walk tests [6MWT and 10mWT] and psychosocial health [depression and participation]). Additional outcomes included feasibility (retention, adherence) and safety. RESULTS ADL capacity significantly improved pre to post CBCS training (ACTIVLIM-stroke, +3,4 logits, p < 0.001; effect size [ES] 0.87), balance (BBS, +21 points, p < 0.001; ES 0.9), impairments (SIAS, +11 points, p < 0.001; ES 0.9), and mobility (+145 m for 6MWT and +0.37 m/s for 10mWT; p < 0.001; ES 0.7 and 0.5 respectively). Similar improvements in psychosocial health occurred in both groups. Adherence and retention rates were 95% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION CBCS was feasible, safe and improved functional independence and motor abilities in individuals in the chronic stage of stroke. Participation in CBCS improved depression and social participation similarly to participation in sociocultural activities. The benefits persisted for at least 3 months after intervention completion. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER PACTR202001714888482.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Nindorera
- MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; National Center of Reference in Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospital Roi-Khaled, Bujumbura, Burundi.
| | - Ildephonse Nduwimana
- MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; National Center of Reference in Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospital Roi-Khaled, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Alexis Sinzakaraye
- National Center of Reference in Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospital Roi-Khaled, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Eric Havyarimana
- National Center of Reference in Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, University Hospital Roi-Khaled, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Yannick Bleyenheuft
- MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Thonnard
- MSL-IN Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oyéné Kossi
- Service de Kinésithérapie et d'Appareillage Orthopédique, Hôpital Universitaire de Parakou, Parakou, Benin; ENATSE, Ecole Nationale de Santé Publique et d'Epidémiologie, Université de Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su C, Yang X, Wei S, Zhao R. Periventricular white matter hyperintensities are associated with gait and balance in patients with minor stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:941668. [PMID: 35937058 PMCID: PMC9355320 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.941668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated with gait and balance deficits in older adults. However, the effect of CSVD-related brain injury on post-stroke mobility is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of CSVD with gait and balance impairment after a minor stroke.MethodsA total of 273 patients with a minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 5 points) who were hospitalized at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled. The manifestations of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), and cerebral microbleeds (CMB) were statistically analyzed according to magnetic resonance imaging results, and the total burden score of CSVD was calculated. Gait function was assessed by a 6-m walking speed test, and balance function was assessed by the timed-up-and-go (TUG) test. Linear regression analysis was applied to determine the association after adjusting for key variables.ResultsThe correlation results showed that in patients with minor stroke, age, sex, smoking history, and the infarct site were associated with gait speed, and age and the infarct site were associated with the TUG test. In the univariate linear regression model, periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH), deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH), and the total burden of CSVD were correlated with gait speed, while only PVWMH correlated with the TUG test. After adjusting for confounders, only PVWMH were independent predictors of gait speed (β = −0.089, p < 0.05) and the TUG test (β = 0.517, p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study confirmed that CSVD is associated with gait and balance disorders after a minor stroke. PVWMH are independent predictors of gait and balance disorders in patients with minor stroke. These findings should be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Su C, Yang X, Wei S, Zhao R. Association of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease With Gait and Balance Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:834496. [PMID: 35875801 PMCID: PMC9305071 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.834496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cerebrovascular disease and an important cause of gait and balance disorders. Gait and balance disorders can further lead to an increased risk of falls and a decreased quality of life. CSVD can damage gait and balance function by affecting cognitive function or directly disrupting motor pathways, and different CSVD imaging features have different characteristics of gait and balance impairment. In this article, the correlation between different imaging features of sporadic CSVD and gait and balance disorders has been reviewed as follows, which can provide beneficial help for standardized management of CSVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Renliang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yoo YJ, Lim SH. Assessment of Lower Limb Motor Function, Ambulation, and Balance After Stroke. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2022; 15:e17. [PMID: 36743203 PMCID: PMC9833471 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2022.15.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoration of ambulation is important for stroke patients. Valid and reliable methods are required for the assessment of lower limb functional status. We reviewed the psychometric properties of methods employed to assess lower extremity motor function, ambulation, and balance, with a focus on stroke patients. We define "motor function" as the ability to produce bodily movements when the brain, motor neurons, and muscles interact. "Ambulation" is defined as the ability to walk with or without a personal assistive device, and "balance" as the ability to maintain stability (without falling) during various physical activities. The Motricity Index and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Lower Extremities assess the motor function of the lower limbs. The Functional Ambulation Category, 10-m Walk Test, and 6-minute Walk Test assess ambulation. The Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test, Functional Reach Test, and Trunk Impairment Scale explore balance. All these tests exhibit high-level validity and have good inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. However, only 3 methods have been formally translated into Korean. The methods discussed here can be used for standardized assessment, personalized goal setting, rehabilitation planning, and estimation of therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeun Jie Yoo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Buraschi R, Pollet J, Villafañe JH, Piovanelli B, Negrini S. Temporal and kinematic analyses of timed up and go test in chronic low back pain patients. Gait Posture 2022; 96:137-142. [PMID: 35635989 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze temporal and kinematic parameters of chronic Low-Back Pain (cLBP) subjects compared to healthy subjects during Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) execution implemented with an Inertial Measurement Unit and to explore the correlations of those parameters with pain and disability. METHODS Observational cross-sectional study. Thirty-one subjects with cLBP [(19 females - 61%), mean age 61 ± 19] were allocated to the case group, and 14 healthy [(10 females - 71%), mean age 62 ± 6] subjects to the control group. Instrumented TUG was administered to both groups. The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were also administered for disability and pain assessment in the case group. RESULTS Mean TUG time to completion [12.2 ± 3.5 s for cLBP; 8.1 ± 0.9 s for healthy] and the most of sub-phases duration significantly differed between groups (p < 0.05). As for kinematic parameters, significant differences (p < 0.05) were mainly retrieved in acceleration components during the sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit phase, with the cLBP group showing lower accelerations. Significant correlation [from strong (ρ = 0.75 of time to completion) to moderate (ρ = 0.43 of sit-to-stand)] was observed between RMQD score and all temporal parameters and with most of the kinematic parameters. No correlation with NPRS score was found. CONCLUSIONS Instrumented TUG application into a cLBP population provides valuable information about movement behaviors with a deeper assessment of objective functional impairment and disability in respect of the classical stop-watch outcome of TUG, possibly allowing a better design of the rehabilitative intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Negrini
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan "La Statale", Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Stance Phase Gait Training Post Stroke Using Simultaneous Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Motor Learning-Based Virtual Reality-Assisted Therapy: Protocol Development and Initial Testing. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060701. [PMID: 35741586 PMCID: PMC9221094 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait deficits are often persistent after stroke, and current rehabilitation methods do not restore normal gait for everyone. Targeted methods of focused gait therapy that meet the individual needs of each stroke survivor are needed. Our objective was to develop and test a combination protocol of simultaneous brain stimulation and focused stance phase training for people with chronic stroke (>6 months). We combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) with targeted stance phase therapy using Virtual Reality (VR)-assisted treadmill training and overground practice. The training was guided by motor learning principles. Five users (>6 months post-stroke with stance phase gait deficits) completed 10 treatment sessions. Each session began with 30 min of VR-assisted treadmill training designed to apply motor learning (ML)-based stance phase targeted practice. During the first 15 min of the treadmill training, bihemispheric tDCS was simultaneously delivered. Immediately after, users completed 30 min of overground (ML)-based gait training. The outcomes included the feasibility of protocol administration, gait speed, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), paretic limb stance phase control capability, and the Fugl−Meyer for lower extremity coordination (FMLE). The changes in the outcome measures (except the assessments of stance phase control capability) were calculated as the difference from baseline. Statistically and clinically significant improvements were observed after 10 treatment sessions in gait speed (0.25 ± 0.11 m/s) and FGA (4.55 ± 3.08 points). Statistically significant improvements were observed in TUG (2.36 ± 3.81 s) and FMLE (4.08 ± 1.82 points). A 10-session intervention combining tDCS and ML-based task-specific gait rehabilitation was feasible and produced clinically meaningful improvements in lower limb function in people with chronic gait deficits after stroke. Because only five users tested the new protocol, the results cannot be generalized to the whole population. As a contribution to the field, we developed and tested a protocol combining brain stimulation and ML-based stance phase training for individuals with chronic stance phase deficits after stroke. The protocol was feasible to administer; statistically and/or clinically significant improvements in gait function across an array of gait performance measures were observed with this relatively short treatment protocol.
Collapse
|
32
|
Guerra ZF, Bellose LC, Ferreira AP, Faria CD, Paz CC, Lucchetti G. Effects of mental practice on mobility of individuals in the early subacute post-stroke phase: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 32:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang X, Li J, Sui X, Xu L, Zhu L, Pang Y, Yu T, Lian X, Yu T, Li Y, Xu H, Li F. Effects of Remotely Supervised Physical Activity on Health Profile in Frail Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:807082. [PMID: 35431897 PMCID: PMC9008828 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.807082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty is considered a major public health challenge of the 21st century, characterized by the decline of multiform body functions. Physical activity may be the most effective intervention to delay frailty. This study aims to verify the effect of remotely supervised physical activity on health profile in community-dwelling frail older adults. Design This is a multicenter, three-blind, two-arm, and cohort randomized controlled study. Methods The intelligent exercise rehabilitation management system (IERMS) is an integrated digital platform that involves evaluation, guidance, monitoring, and feedback. A total of 120 participants aged ≥ 65 years and diagnosed as frailty on the FRAIL scale will be recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 will receive a 12-week IERMS-based intervention, and Group 2 will receive the usual care. Data will be collected at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. The primary outcome is the physical function, and secondary outcomes include gait parameters, psychology, and cognition measurements. Analyses will be performed using DSS statistics, version 25. P < 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Conclusion We believe that intervention plays a positive role in delaying the frailty. If our program is effective, we will provide a viable means to promote healthy aging in primary healthcare. Trial registration number ChiCTR2100052286; Pre-results.
Collapse
|
34
|
Alzaabi HS, Walton LM, Arumugam A. Association between demographic characteristics, lower limb range of motion, functional performance, ability to dual task, quality of life and risk of falls in older adults of the United Arab Emirates - A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08869. [PMID: 35141442 PMCID: PMC8814690 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
|
35
|
Giraldo-Pedroza A, Lee WCC, Lam WK, Coman R, Alici G. A Wearable Biofeedback Device to Increase Gait Swing Time Could Have Positive Effects on Gait among Older Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:s22010102. [PMID: 35009646 PMCID: PMC8747130 DOI: 10.3390/s22010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Older adults walk with a shorter stride length, reduced hip range of motion (ROM) and higher cadence. These are signs of reductions in walking ability. This study investigated whether using a wireless smart insole system that monitored and provided biofeedback to encourage an extension of swing time could increase stride length and hip flexion, while reducing the cadence. Seven older adults were tested in this study, with and without the biofeedback device, in an outdoor environment. Gait analysis was performed by using GaitRite system and Xsens MVN. Repeated measures analysis demonstrated that with biofeedback, the swing time increased by 6.45%, stride length by 4.52% and hip flexion by 14.73%, with statistical significance. It also decreased the cadence significantly by 5.5%. This study has demonstrated that this smart insole system modified positively the studied gait parameters in older adults and has the potential to improve their walking ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Giraldo-Pedroza
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Winson Chiu-Chun Lee
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: (W.C.-C.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Wing-Kai Lam
- Li Ning Sports Science Research Center, Beijing 101111, China
- Department of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang 110102, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.-C.L.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Robyn Coman
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Gursel Alici
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.G.-P.); (G.A.)
- Applied Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering Research (AMBER) Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kang CJ, Chun MH, Lee J, Lee JY. Effects of robot (SUBAR)-assisted gait training in patients with chronic stroke: Randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27974. [PMID: 35049203 PMCID: PMC9191384 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SUBAR is a new ground walking exoskeletal robot. The objective of this study is to investigate SUBAR-assisted gait training's effects in patients with chronic stroke. METHODS This preliminary study is a prospective randomized controlled trial. Thirty adults were enrolled 6 months after the onset of stroke with functional ambulation category scores ≥ 3. Patients were randomly assigned to receive robot-assisted gait training (SUBAR group, n = 15) or conventional physiotherapy (control group, n = 15). All patients received a total of 10 treatment sessions of 30 minutes each for 3 weeks. Before and after the 10-treatment sessions, patients were evaluated. The primary outcome is the 10 meter walk test and the secondary outcomes were the functional ambulation category scale, the Motricity Index-Lower, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), timed up and go, Rivermead Mobility Index, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and gait analysis. RESULTS In the SUBAR group, MAS and step length were significantly improved between pre- and posttreatment measurements (Δmean ± SD: -1.1 ± 1.6 and 5.5 ± 7.6, P = .019 and .016, respectively). The SUBAR group improved the stride length and step length of the affected limb but not significantly. The control group had significant improvements in the BBS, MAS, and stride length between pre- and posttreatment measurements (Δmean ± SD: 3.5 ± 4.6, -0.8 ± 1.5, and 6.5 ± 9.5; P = .004, .031, and .035, respectively). The BBS improved more in the control group than in the SUBAR group. There were no other differences between the SUBAR group and the control group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SUBAR-assisted gait training improved gait parameters in patients with chronic stroke. However, there was no significant difference in most outcome measures compared to conventional physiotherapy. Further research is warranted to measure the effects of SUBAR-assisted gait training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheon Ji Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Chun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junekyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Asan Laboratory for Rehabilitation Robot Biomedical Engineering Institute, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wei N, Cai M. Optimal frequency of whole body vibration training for improving balance and physical performance in the older people with chronic stroke: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2021; 36:342-349. [PMID: 34796725 DOI: 10.1177/02692155211050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the optimal frequency of whole-body vibration training for improving the balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke. DESIGN a single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING Two rehabilitation units in the Wuhan Brain Hospital in China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 78 seniors with chronic stroke. INTERVENTIONS Low-frequency group (13 Hz), high-frequency group (26 Hz), and zero-frequency group (Standing on the vibration platform with 0 Hz) for 10 sessions of side-alternating WBV training. MAIN MEASURES The timed-up-and-go test, five-repetition sit-to-stand test, 10-metre walking test, and Berg balance scale were assessed pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Significant time × group interaction effects in five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.014) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.028) were observed. The high-frequency group outperformed the zero-frequency group in both five-repetition sit-to-stand test (p = 0.039) and timed-up-and-go test at self-preferred speed (p = 0.024) after 10-sessions training. The low-frequency group displayed only a significant improvement in five-repetition sit-to-stand test after training (p = 0.028). No significant within- or between-group changes were observed in the Berg balance scale and walking speed (p > 0.05). No significant group-difference were found between low-frequency and high-frequency groups. No adverse events were reported during study. CONCLUSIONS Compared with 13 Hz, 26 Hz had no more benefits on balance and physical performance in older people with chronic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 74615Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 74615Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
The Efficacy of Interlimb-Coordinated Intervention on Gait and Motor Function Recovery in Patients with Acute Stroke: A Multi-Center Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111495. [PMID: 34827494 PMCID: PMC8615375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of interlimb-coordinated training on gait and upper limb functional improvement remains unclear. The latest published randomized controlled trials have supported the potential benefits of interlimb-coordinated training to enhance gait function. Upper limb functional recovery may also benefit from interlimb-coordinated training since most everyday activities require the coordinated use of both hands to complete a task. This study investigates the efficacy of interlimb-coordinated training on gait and upper limb functional recovery over a short-medium term period. METHODS A total of 226 acute stroke patients will be recruited from four centres over four years. Patients will be randomly allocated to either conventional therapy or conventional therapy plus interlimb-coordinated training. Outcomes will be recorded at baseline, after 2 weeks of intervention, and at 3- and 6-months post-intervention. Gait speed is the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures include Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Action Research Arm Test, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION The results of this trial will provide an in-depth understanding of the efficacy of early interlimb-coordinated intervention on gait and upper functional rehabilitation and how it may relate to the neural plasticity process.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pilkar R, Veerubhotla A, Ehrenberg N, Ibironke O. A Novel Core-Strengthening Program for Improving Trunk Function, Balance and Mobility after Stroke: a Case Study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:4749-4752. [PMID: 34892271 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the feasibility of a core-strengthening program delivered to a chronic stroke participant using a novel robotic device, AllCore360°, which targets trunk muscles through a systematic, consistent, high-intensity exercise. A 58-year old male with hemiplegia post stroke (time since injury: 18 years) was enrolled and performed 12-sessions of the core-strengthening program on AllCore360°. The participant completed a total of 142 360°-rotating-planks (called as 'spins') at four inclination angles, over 12 sessions. Assessments at baseline and follow up included posturography during quiet standing, electromyography (EMG) during AllCore360° spins, and assessments for trunk function (Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS)), balance (Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and mobility (Timed-Up and Go (TUG), 10-meter Walk test (10MWT), 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT)). Clinically meaningful improvements were observed in the TIS (73%), the BBS (45.2%), and the TUG test (22.7%). Medial-lateral Center of Pressure (MLCoP) data showed reduced RMS and range by 32.3% and 29.2%, respectively. EMG data from left and right rectus abdominis (RAB) muscles showed increased levels of activations for both inclination angles, 65° (LRAB: 74%, RRAB: 48.4%) and 55° (LRAB: 22.3%, RRAB: 28.7%). The participant rated the core-strengthening program 71 (scale: 0-126) on Physical ACtivity Enjoyment Scale at the follow up, showing a high level of satisfaction and engagement toward the training program. The preliminary results suggest that the novel robotic design and enhanced engagement of neuromuscular mechanisms features of AllCore360° core-strengthening program could facilitate improvements in trunk function, balance and mobility post stroke. A study with a large sample and an appropriate control group needs to be performed in the future.Clinical Relevance- The majority of clinical programs include core-stability exercises for improving trunk function. The current investigation presents a novel robotic-device based core-strengthening program that can provide systematic, consistent, and repetitive practice for optimal functional gains.
Collapse
|
40
|
Kossi O, Agbetou M, Noukpo SI, Triccas LT, Dossou-Yovo DE, Amanzonwe ER, Adoukonou T. Factors associated with balance impairments amongst stroke survivors in northern Benin: A cross-sectional study. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021; 77:1559. [PMID: 34693069 PMCID: PMC8517725 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Balance impairment is the predominant risk factor for falls in stroke survivors. A fear of falling after stroke can contribute to sedentary lifestyles, increased disability and risk of recurrence, leading to poor quality of life. Objective To determine the frequency and factors associated with balance impairments amongst stroke survivors at the University Hospital of Parakou. Method This cross-sectional study included adult stroke survivors. Stroke survivors after discharge were enrolled at the University Hospital of Parakou between 01 January 2020 and 30 September 2020. Balance impairments were measured by using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the Get Up and Go (GUG) tests. Results A total of 54 stroke survivors were included, with a mean age of 58.37 ± 12.42 years and a male predominance of 68.52%. The mean BBS score was 36.87 ± 14.34 with a minimum and a maximum of 10 and 56, respectively. Thirteen (24.07%) had balance impairments (BBS score ≤ 20), 34 (62.96%) had a TUG score ≥ 14 s (abnormal), 9 (16.67%) presented a moderate risk of falling and 6 (11.11%) presented high risk of fall with the GUG test. Post-stroke duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.04–0.30; p < 0.01), severity of disability (OR = 8.33; 95% CI: 1.03–67.14; p = 0.03) and the number of physiotherapy sessions (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03–0.93; p = 0.02) were significantly associated with balance impairments. Conclusion Our results showed that almost one quarter of stroke survivors after discharge at the University Hospital of Parakou had balance impairments. Post-stroke duration, severity of disability and the number of physiotherapy sessions were significantly associated with balance impairments. Clinical implications [AQ1] Balance should be regularly assessed in people post-stroke. Further studies should document the content of rehabilitation and any rehabilitative efforts to improve balance in people post-stroke in Benin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oyéné Kossi
- National School of Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance (ENATSE), University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.,Unit of Neuro Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.,REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Mendinatou Agbetou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Sènadé I Noukpo
- Unit of Neuro Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Lisa T Triccas
- REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Daniel-Eude Dossou-Yovo
- National School of Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance (ENATSE), University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| | - Elogni R Amanzonwe
- REVAL, Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Thierry Adoukonou
- National School of Public Health and Epidemiological Surveillance (ENATSE), University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Parakou, Parakou, Benin
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Kinesio Taping Improves Range of Motion of Ankle Dorsiflexion and Balance Ability in Chronic Stroke Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111426. [PMID: 34828473 PMCID: PMC8619064 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) pattern Kinesio taping (KT) application on the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) and balance ability in patients with chronic stroke. This crossover study included 18 patients with stroke. The subjects were randomly assigned to three interventions: barefoot, ankle KT (A-KT), and PNF-KT. The A-KT was applied to the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, and subtalar eversion. The PNF-KT was applied on the extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum, and TA muscles. DR-ROM was measured using the iSen™, a wearable sensor. Balance ability was assessed based on static balance, measured by the Biodex Balance System (BBS), and dynamic balance, measured by the timed up and go (TUG) test and dynamic gait index (DGI). Compared with the barefoot and A-KT interventions, PNF-KT showed significant improvements in the ankle DF-ROM and BBS scores, TUG, and DGI. PNF-KT, for functional muscle synergy, improved the ankle DF-ROM and balance ability in patients with chronic stroke. Therefore, the application of PNF-KT may be a feasible therapeutic method for improving ankle movement and balance in patients with chronic stroke. Additional research is recommended to identify the long-term effects of the PNF-KT.
Collapse
|
42
|
de Rooij IJM, Riemens MMR, Punt M, Meijer JWG, Visser-Meily JMA, van de Port IGL. To What Extent is Walking Ability Associated with Participation in People after Stroke? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:106081. [PMID: 34507257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to 1) identify the relation between walking ability and participation after stroke and 2) explore whether change in walking ability is associated with change in participation over time in community living-people after stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-two people after stroke were assessed at baseline and after a 6-week gait training intervention. People were included between two weeks and six months after stroke. The Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation was used to measure participation. Assessment of walking ability included the six-minute walking test for walking endurance, Timed-up & Go test for functional mobility, Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test for dynamic balance, and total duration of walking activity per day to measure walking activity. RESULTS At baseline, six-minute walking test, Timed-up & Go test, and Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test were univariately associated with participation (P < 0.001). Backward multiple regression analysis showed that the Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test independently explained 55.7% of the variance in participation at baseline. Over time, only change in the six-minute walking test was positively associated with change in participation (R2 = 0.087, P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional associations showed that walking ability, and especially dynamic balance, contributes to participation after stroke. Dynamic balance, as underlying variable for walking, was an important independently related factor to participation after stroke which needs attention during rehabilitation. Longitudinally, improvement in walking endurance was significantly associated with improvement in participation, which indicates the relevance of training walking endurance to improve participation after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona J M de Rooij
- Revant Rehabilitation Centres, Breda, the Netherlands; Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel Punt
- Research Group Lifestyle and Health, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem G Meijer
- Revant Rehabilitation Centres, Breda, the Netherlands; Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands; De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M A Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Traxler K, Schinabeck F, Baum E, Klotz E, Seebacher B. Feasibility of a specific task-oriented training versus its combination with manual therapy on balance and mobility in people post stroke at the chronic stage: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:146. [PMID: 34311772 PMCID: PMC8313417 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Large studies have shown that stroke is among the most relevant causes of acquired adult disability. Walking and balance impairment in stroke survivors often contribute to a restriction in daily activities and social participation. Task-oriented training (TOT) is an effective treatment strategy and manual therapy (MT) is used successfully to enhance ankle joint flexibility in this population. No study, however, has compared TOT against its combination with MT in a randomised controlled trial. Aims of this pilot study are therefore to explore the feasibility of a full-scale RCT using predefined feasibility criteria. Secondary aims are to explore the preliminary effects of specific TOT with a combined specific TOT-MT versus a control group in people post stroke. Methods This is a protocol of a 4-week prospective randomised controlled parallel pilot trial in people post stroke at the chronic stage with limited upper ankle joint mobility and an impairment in balance and mobility. At a German outpatient therapy centre using 1:1:1 allocation, 36 patients will be randomised into one of three groups: 15-min talocrural joint MT plus 30-min specific TOT (group A), 45-min specific TOT (group B), and controls (group C). Training will be goal-oriented including tasks that are based on daily activities and increased in difficulty utilising predefined progression criteria based on patients’ skill levels. Interventions will be provided face-to-face 2 times per week, for 4 weeks, in addition to 20-min concurrent x4 weekly home-based training sessions. Data will be collected by blinded assessors at baseline, post-intervention and 4-week follow-up. The primary outcome will be feasibility assessed by recruitment, retention and adherence rates, compliance, adverse events, falls and the acceptability of the intervention. Secondary outcomes will be walking speed, single and dual tasking functional mobility, ankle range of motion, disability and health-related quality of life. Discussion Feasibility provided, results from this study will be used to calculate the sample size of a larger randomised controlled trial to investigate the effects of specific TOT and specific TOT-MT compared to a post stroke control group. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00023068. Registered on 21.09.2020, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00023068. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00886-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Traxler
- Therapiezentrum "Kinema", Neukirchen b. hl. Blut, Germany.,Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Danube University Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Franz Schinabeck
- Überörtliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Hohenwarth/ Lam, Hohenwarth, Germany
| | - Eva Baum
- Therapiezentrum "Kinema", Neukirchen b. hl. Blut, Germany
| | - Edith Klotz
- Praxis Mittelpunkt Mensch, Furth im Wald, Germany
| | - Barbara Seebacher
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. .,VASCAGE GmbH, Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahn SY, Lee NG, Lee TH. Relation of exercise capacity to comprehensive physical functions in individuals with ischemic stroke. NeuroRehabilitation 2021; 48:375-383. [PMID: 33814473 DOI: 10.3233/nre-201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired motor control, balance, muscle strength, and respiratory function may affect the exercise capacity related to motor performance and activities in individuals with stroke. OBJECTIVE To identify a physical parameter that the exercise capacity has the most significant relationship among physical parameters related to motor function, trunk control, balance, and motor performance and activities in individuals with ischemic stroke. METHODS In total, 241 ischemic stroke patients were recruited in this retrospective study. The clinical measurements included the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Fugl-Meyer assessment-lower extremity motor function (FMA-LE), trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), 10-meter walk test (10 MWT), functional ambulation category (FAC), and functional independence measure (FIM). RESULTS The 6 MWT was significantly correlated with the FMA-LE, BBS, TUG, 10 MWT, FAC, and FIM, indicating negative or positive moderate correlations. Additionally, the FMA-LE, TIS, BBS, TUG, 10 MWT, FAC, and FIM, excluding the 6 MWT, showed moderate to strong correlations with all of the other outcome measures, whereas the MoCA showed significant correlations only with the BBS and FIM. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the exercise capacity has the most significant relationship with the TUG parameter in stroke patients. Additionally, we suggest that significant relationships between 6 MWT and other comprehensive physical functions measurements are closely related to walking ability in individuals with stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Ahn
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gi Lee
- Rehabilitation Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Heon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu TW, Ng SS, Cheung KY, Cheung MY, Hung RN, Lam MF, Wong AT, Lai CY, Tse MM. Reliability and validity of Six-Spot Step Test (SSST) in stroke survivors. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:879-888. [PMID: 34128605 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Six-Spot Step Test (SSST) was originally developed to assess walking ability while challenging balance during walking in patients with multiple sclerosis. It provides more comprehensive information on ambulatory abilities than several existing measures such as the Timed Up & Go test (TUG test), the Functional Gait Assessment, and the Dynamic Gait Index. To assess the advanced balance control ability of stroke survivors, we modified the SSST to serve this purpose. AIM The aim of this study was to expand the current understanding of the psychometric properties of the SSST using healthy older adults and stroke survivors. DESIGN This study adopted an experimental design. SETTING University-affiliated neurorehabilitation laboratory. POPULATION A total of 50 study participants, including 25 chronic stroke survivors and 25 healthy older adults, were recruited from the community. METHODS The SSST was administered to the stroke survivors twice (day 1 & 2) with a 1-week interval. The Fugl-Meyer assessment for the lower extremities (FMA-LE), the Berg Balance scale (BBS), the limit of stability (LOS) test, the Timed Up & Go test (TUG test), and the Chinese version of the Community Integration Measures (CIM-C) were assessed on day 1 by random order. The healthy control group was assessed with the Six-Spot Step Test only on day 1. RESULTS The SSST showed excellent inter-rater, intra-rater, and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient>0.95, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between SSST performance and the FMA-LE results (r=0.517, p<0.05), BBS scores (q r =-0.531, p<0.05), and TUG test scores (r =0.828, p<0.001). The MDC in the mean SSST time for the affected leg and the unaffected leg in stroke survivors was 6.05s. The cutoff time was 10.11s (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 92%) when kicking obstacles with the affected leg and 10.18s (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 92%) when kicking obstacles with the unaffected leg. CONCLUSIONS The SSST was a reliable test and showed a significant correlation with FMA-LE scores, BBS scores, and TUG test times in stroke survivors. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT The SSST can be used to assess the advanced balance control of stroke survivors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wa Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shamay S Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong -
| | - Ka-Yuen Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Ming-Yeung Cheung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Ryan N Hung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Fai Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Adrian T Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Cynthia Y Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Mimi M Tse
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ruescas-Nicolau MA, Sánchez-Sánchez ML, Cortés-Amador S, Pérez-Alenda S, Arnal-Gómez A, Climent-Toledo A, Carrasco JJ. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form for Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Subjects with Chronic Stroke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094729. [PMID: 33946690 PMCID: PMC8125179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Validation studies of questionnaires used to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in stroke survivors are scarce. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long-form (IPAQ-LF) in community living adults with post-stroke sequelae (≥6 months) and preserved ambulation. Participants’ functional mobility, lower limb strength, ambulatory level, stroke severity, and disability were assessed. An accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) was worn for ≥7 consecutive days. Subsequently, the IPAQ-LF was interview-administered. Fifty-six participants (58.1 ± 11.1 years, 66.1% male) were included. A strong correlation between the two methods was found for total PA time (ρ = 0.55, p < 0.001). According to the Bland-Altman analyses, over-reporting moderate-to-vigorous PA and under-reporting total PA in the IPAQ-LF were found in those participants with higher PA levels. Both methods measured sedentary time similarly, though random error was observed between them. Moderate-strong correlations were found between the IPAQ-LF and physical function (ρ = 0.29–0.60, p < 0.05). In conclusion, in people with chronic stroke, the IPAQ-LF presented acceptable levels of validity for estimating total PA time in those who are insufficiently active. Therefore, it could be a useful tool to screen for inactive individuals with chronic stroke who can benefit from PA interventions addressed to implement healthier lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Arantzazu Ruescas-Nicolau
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.-A.R.-N.); (S.P.-A.); (A.C.-T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - María Luz Sánchez-Sánchez
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.-A.R.-N.); (S.P.-A.); (A.C.-T.); (J.J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-983-853
| | - Sara Cortés-Amador
- Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanics-UBIC, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.C.-A.); (A.A.-G.)
| | - Sofía Pérez-Alenda
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.-A.R.-N.); (S.P.-A.); (A.C.-T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Anna Arnal-Gómez
- Research Unit in Clinical Biomechanics-UBIC, Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.C.-A.); (A.A.-G.)
| | - Assumpta Climent-Toledo
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.-A.R.-N.); (S.P.-A.); (A.C.-T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Juan J. Carrasco
- Physiotherapy in Motion, Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.-A.R.-N.); (S.P.-A.); (A.C.-T.); (J.J.C.)
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen SC, Lin CH, Su SW, Chang YT, Lai CH. Feasibility and effect of interactive telerehabilitation on balance in individuals with chronic stroke: a pilot study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:71. [PMID: 33902646 PMCID: PMC8077813 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke survivors need continuing exercise intervention to maintain functional status. This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of an interactive telerehabilitation exergaming system to improve balance in individuals with chronic stroke, compared to conventional one-on-one rehabilitation. Methods In this prospective case–control pilot study, 30 Taiwanese individuals with chronic stroke were enrolled and randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group. All participants received intervention 3 times per week for 4 weeks in the study hospital. The experiment group underwent telerehabilitation using a Kinect camera-based interactive telerehabilitation system in an independent room to simulate home environment. In contrast, the control group received conventional one-on-one physiotherapy in a dedicated rehabilitation area. The effectiveness of interactive telerehabilitation in improving balance in stroke survivors was evaluated by comparing outcomes between the two groups. The primary outcome was Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores. Secondary outcomes were performance of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, Motricity Index, and Functional Ambulation Category. Results Comparison of outcomes between experimental and control groups revealed no significant differences between groups at baseline and post-intervention for all outcome measures. However, BBS scores improved significantly in both groups (control group: p = 0.01, effect size = 0.49; experimental group: p = 0.01, effect size = 0.70). Completion times of TUG tests also improved significantly in the experimental group (p = 0.005, effect size = 0.70). Conclusion The Kinect camera-based interactive telerehabilitation system demonstrates superior or equal efficacy compared to conventional one-on-one physiotherapy for improving balance in individuals with chronic stroke. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03698357. Registered October 4, 2018, retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12984-021-00866-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ching Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 252, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Ho Lin
- Masters Program in Long-Term Care & School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 252, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei City, 110, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gallamini M, Piastra G, Lucarini S, Porzio D, Ronchi M, Pirino A, Scoppa F, Masiero S, Tognolo L. Revisiting the Instrumented Romberg Test: Can Today's Technology Offer a Risk-of-Fall Screening Device for Senior Citizens? An Experience-Based Approach. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020161. [PMID: 33672455 PMCID: PMC7923416 DOI: 10.3390/life11020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk of fall (ROF) is a worldwide major concern for its prevalence and consequent dramatic outcomes in the elderly population. The growing age-related risk appears to be associated with increasing motor, sensory, and cognitive problems in the elderly population. There is a consensus on the need to screen for these balance dysfunctions, but the available methods are largely based on subjectively assessed performances. The instrumented Romberg test using a force plate represents a validated assessment process for the evaluation of balance performances. The purpose of this study is to propose an innovative instrumental method to identify balance deficits, assess their severity, and give an automated indication of the most likely etiology. The proposed new method was applied to the instrumented Romberg test, using force plate data recorded in a cohort of 551 females aged >65 participating in adapted physical activity courses. The method allowed us to identify 145 dysfunctional subjects and to determine the likely origin of their deficit: 21 central, 5 vestibular, 9 visual, 59 proprioceptive (musculoskeletal etiology), and 51 functional. Based on the preliminary findings of the study, this test could be an efficient and cost-effective mass screening tool for identifying subjects at risk of fall, since the procedure proves to be rapid, non-invasive, and apparently devoid of any contraindications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gallamini
- Eng. Freelance MD Consultant, Sal. Maggiolo di Nervi, 16167 Genoa, Italy;
- Ben-Essere Sport and Wellness Association Rapallo, Third-Sector Liguria Region Registry, 16135 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Giorgio Piastra
- ASL 4 Liguria (Liguria Regional Health Service), Sports Medicine, N.S. di Montallegro Hospital, 16035 Rapallo, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Lucarini
- ASL 4 Liguria (Liguria Regional Health Service), Geriatric Service, Chiavari, 16043 Chiavari, Italy;
| | - Debora Porzio
- Ben-Essere Sport and Wellness Association Rapallo, Third-Sector Liguria Region Registry, 16135 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Matteo Ronchi
- Ben-Essere Sport and Wellness Association Rapallo, Third-Sector Liguria Region Registry, 16135 Genoa, Italy; (D.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Alessio Pirino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Fabio Scoppa
- Faculty of Medicine and Dental Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Chinesis I.F.O.P. Istituto di Formazione in Osteopatia e in Posturologia, Osteopathy School, 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Rehabilitation Unit, Laboratory of Robotic and Bioengineering and Clinical of Movement, Padua University-General Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Tognolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498-213-353
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bowden MG, Monsch ED, Middleton A, Daughtry C, Powell T, Kraft SV. Lessons Learned: The Difficulties of Incorporating Intensity Principles Into Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2021; 2:100052. [PMID: 33543079 PMCID: PMC7853341 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a rehabilitation approach focusing on cardiovascular, strength, and gait training intensity in the inpatient rehabilitation setting after a new onset of stroke. We additionally aimed to determine the efficacy of this intensity-based program on rehabilitation outcomes compared with usual care. Design Participants were pseudo-randomized to an intensity-based program focusing on gait, cardiovascular, and strength training or to usual care. Outcomes included FIM, 10-meter walk, 2-minute walk, timed Up and Go test, 5-time sit-to-stand test, and Tinetti balance assessment. Intervention The intervention consisted of 6 20-minute sessions per week dedicated to intensity of activity: 2 each for walking, cardiovascular training, and strength training. Participants Patients (N=49) with new onset stroke admitted to inpatient rehabilitation over the course of 1 year. Setting Four inpatient rehabilitation facilities with comprehensive neurologic rehabilitation teams. Results Thirty-five individuals (16 intervention, 19 controls) completed all testing. Subject compliance to the intensity intervention demonstrated completion of approximately half the prescribed sessions. All outcomes improved significantly from admission to discharge, and a significant interaction between treatment group and time was observed for the 2-minute walk and the Tinetti balance assessment. The 2-minute walk, Tinetti balance assessment, 10-meter walk, and FIM demonstrated between-group effect sizes greater than 0.60 in favor of the intervention group. Conclusions The intensity-based protocol was safe, and several measures demonstrated efficacy when compared with usual care. Results may have been limited by poor program compliance, showing a need to identify and ameliorate obstacles to integration of comprehensive intensity-based programs addressing endurance, strength, and gait training. Applying physiological principles of exercise to acute stroke rehabilitation demonstrates great promise for improving independent physical function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Bowden
- Division of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Eric D Monsch
- Division of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Addie Middleton
- Division of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | | | - Troy Powell
- HealthSouth Rehabilitation Hospital, Charleston, SC
| | - Sara V Kraft
- Division of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cai H, Lin T, Chen L, Weng H, Zhu R, Chen Y, Cai G. Evaluating the effect of immersive virtual reality technology on gait rehabilitation in stroke patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:91. [PMID: 33494805 PMCID: PMC7836462 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of cerebral apoplexy makes it one of the most important causes of adult disability. Gait disorder is one of the hallmark symptoms in the sequelae of cerebral apoplexy. The recovery of walking ability is critical for improving patients' quality of life. Innovative virtual reality technology has been widely used in post-stroke rehabilitation, whose effectiveness and safety have been widely verified. To date, however, there are few studies evaluating the effect of immersive virtual reality on stroke-related gait rehabilitation. This study outlines the application of immersive VR-assisted rehabilitation for gait rehabilitation of stroke patients for comparative evaluation with traditional rehabilitation. METHODS The study describes a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Thirty-six stroke patients will be screened and enrolled as subjects within 1 month of initial stroke and randomized into two groups. The VRT group (n = 18) will receive VR-assisted training (30 min) 5 days/week for 3 weeks. The non-VRT group (n = 18) will receive functional gait rehabilitation training (30 min) 5 days/week for 3 weeks. The primary outcomes and secondary outcomes will be conducted before intervention, 3 weeks after intervention, and 6 months after intervention. The primary outcomes will include time "up & go" test (TUGT). The secondary outcomes will include MMT muscle strength grading standard (MMT), Fugal-Meyer scale (FMA), motor function assessment scale (MAS), improved Barthel index scale (ADL), step with maximum knee angle, total support time, step frequency, step length, pace, and stride length. DISCUSSION Virtual reality is an innovative technology with broad applications, current and prospective. Immersive VR-assisted rehabilitation in patients with vivid treatment scenarios in the form of virtual games will stimulate patients' interest through active participation. The feedback of VR games can also provide patients with performance awareness and effect feedback, which could be incentivizing. This study may reveal an improved method of stroke rehabilitation which can be helpful for clinical decision-making and future practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025375 . Registered on 25 August 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ruihan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| |
Collapse
|