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Vinitchagoon T, Wongpipit W, Phansuea P. Gender Expression, Weight Status, and Risk of Experiencing Eating Disorders among Gender-Diverse Adults Assigned Male at Birth in Bangkok, Thailand. Nutrients 2023; 15:3700. [PMID: 37686732 PMCID: PMC10489815 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the association between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders among gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth living in Bangkok, Thailand. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires to provide demographic data and anthropometric measures, and an Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) to determine the risk of experiencing eating disorders. The associations between gender expression, weight status, and the risk of experiencing eating disorders were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. No significant differences were observed in weight-related variables based on gender expression. Participants self-described as feminine/androgynous had lower odds of experiencing a high risk of eating disorders compared to those self-described as masculine (odds ratio (OR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.27, 0.88). A higher body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) and BMI discrepancy (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.24) were associated with higher odds of engaging in extreme weight-control behaviors. The risk of experiencing eating disorders among Thai gender-diverse adults assigned male at birth could differ across gender expression and weight status. Further research is needed to expand the understanding of these relationships and develop tailored intervention programs to mitigate the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Vinitchagoon
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Waris Wongpipit
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Phenphop Phansuea
- Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
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2
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Nowicki GP, Marchwinski BR, O'Flynn JL, Griffths S, Rodgers RF. Body image and associated factors among sexual minority men: A systematic review. Body Image 2022; 43:154-169. [PMID: 36150358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that the risk of body image concerns among sexual minority men is high. Recent work has increasingly examined body image in relation to psychological, interpersonal, and behavioral constructs, but these findings have yet to be consolidated and critically examined to identify potential risk and protective factors. The present study sought to systematically review and synthesize published findings on body image among sexual minority men. A total of 136 articles published between January 2011 and March 2022 were included. Sexual minority men were generally reported to have more negative body image compared to heterosexual men, yet findings varied across body image constructs. In correlational work, body image was often examined in relation to disordered eating, mental health, internalization of appearance ideals, objectification, sexual behavior and relationships, gay community identification and discrimination, and health concerns (e.g., HIV, AIDS). Robust relationships emerged among body image and stigma variables, including internalized homophobia and harassment related to LGBTQ+ presentation and intersecting minority identities. Sociocultural, objectification, and minority stress theories were employed to interpret findings and to delineate future directions grounded in intersectional approaches. Additional work focused on the role of stigma and discrimination in the development of these concerns across the lifespan is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve P Nowicki
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Simmons University, Boston, USA
| | - Breana R Marchwinski
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Simmons University, Boston, USA; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Jennifer L O'Flynn
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott Griffths
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU, Montpellier, France
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3
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Smith M, Wilson K, Janes E, Goodloe J, Guzman A, Sisemore A. Body Image and Gay Men: Adaptation of Emotionally-Focused Family Therapy for Gay Clients with Negative Body Image. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-022-09642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Soulliard ZA, Layland EK, Smith JC, Kipke MD, Bray BC. Body Image Concerns, Correlates, and Community Connection Among Black and Latinx Sexual Minority Cisgender Men and Transgender/Gender Nonconforming Young Adults. LGBT Health 2022; 9:122-130. [PMID: 34981966 PMCID: PMC8968849 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurpose: We extended the focus on body image research beyond cisgender, White sexual minority men (SMM) by describing body image concerns among Black and Latinx SMM and transgender/gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults and by examining protective effects of community connection. Methods: From 2016 to 2020, 447 Black and Latinx SMM (94%) and TGNC (6%) individuals in Los Angeles provided data semiannually. Participant endorsement of any body image concerns was determined by five body image codes (weight, fitness, appearance, body area dissatisfaction, and general body image) applied to participants' open-ended lists of health and body concerns. Fixed effects multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between gay and racial/ethnic community connection and odds of any body image concerns, accounting for multiple records per person. An interaction term between gay and racial/ethnic community connection approximated the protective effect of connection to multiple, intersecting communities. Results: The majority of participants (51%) reported a body image concern, most commonly weight concerns, at least once across three years. Body image concerns were more common among Latinx participants (χ2 = 17.79, p < 0.001) and participants experiencing food insecurity (χ2 = 4.11, p = 0.04) and unmet basic financial needs (χ2 = 10.56, p = 0.001). Gay community connection was protective against body image concerns, but only for participants who had high racial/ethnic community connection (adjusted odds ratio = 0.87, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Body image concerns were notable, especially among those with low community connection and higher socioeconomic burden. These findings suggest that building connections within SMM/TGNC and racial/ethnic communities may aid in building a support network that buffers against body image concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Soulliard
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Address correspondence to: Zachary A. Soulliard, PhD, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, Suite 316, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric K. Layland
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Bethany C. Bray
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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Naamani M, El Jamil F. Correlates of disordered eating among gay men in Lebanon. Eat Behav 2021; 40:101477. [PMID: 33549961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional design study examined six factors and their associations with disordered eating among 129 Lebanese men who identified themselves as gay. The factors under study were self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, shame-proneness, guilt-proneness, positive minority identity, and a sense of connectedness to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Nongovernmental organizations that advocate for LGBT individuals assisted in the recruitment of participants. Data were analyzed through a hierarchical multiple regression, and age, education level, socioeconomic status, and religious affiliation were controlled for. The control variables alone explained 6% of the variance, and the six variables of interest within this study explained an additional 25% after being entered into the model. Self-objectification and shame-proneness were significantly, positively related to disordered eating among the participants in this study. In contrast to prior research, body dissatisfaction was not significantly associated with disordered eating in the present study. Results of this study indicate that self-objectification and shame-proneness might be important issues to consider in clinical work with gay Lebanese men exhibiting disordered eating symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Naamani
- American University of Beirut, Department of Psychology, Mail Box: Riad El-Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fatimah El Jamil
- American University of Beirut, Department of Psychology, Mail Box: Riad El-Solh, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon.
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Souleymanov R, Brennan DJ, George C, Utama R, Ceranto A. Experiences of racism, sexual objectification and alcohol use among gay and bisexual men of colour. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:525-541. [PMID: 29457468 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1439895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Previous research has shown that experiences of racial discrimination and sexual objectification are associated with health risk behaviours among gay and bisexual men of colour. However, little is known about whether racial discrimination and sexual objectification are associated with alcohol use among this population. This community-based study examined the association between racial discrimination, sexual objectification and alcohol use in a sample of 369 gay and bisexual men of colour (Black/African/Caribbean, Latino/Latin American, South Asian, and East and Southeast Asian) in Toronto.Design: Data were drawn from an online survey designed to examine issues of racism, homophobia, health and well-being among gay and bisexual men of colour in Toronto. Regression analysis assessed the relationship between scores on the Racism and Life Experiences Scale, Sexual Objectification Scale, and the CAGE questionnaire (a screen for alcohol use disorder).Results: Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that experiences of racism and sexual objectification are significantly and positively associated with a screening for alcohol use disorder. The interactions between Latino/Latin American race/ethnicity and experience of sexual objectification were also positively associated with a screening for alcohol use disorder.Conclusions: Health professionals should consider the role of racial discrimination and sexual objectification within the context of risk and treatment for alcohol use disorders, harm reduction, and HIV prevention for gay and bisexual men of colour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusty Souleymanov
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J Brennan
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clemon George
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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7
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Kamody RC, Grilo CM, Udo T. Disparities in DSM-5 defined eating disorders by sexual orientation among U.S. adults. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:278-287. [PMID: 31670848 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increased occurrence of disordered eating behaviors among sexual minorities is well established; however, few studies have examined disparities in eating disorder diagnoses among this population. This study sought to examine lifetime prevalence estimates of DSM-5 defined EDs, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) as a function of sexual orientation. We then compared prevalence of EDs based on experiences with perceived discrimination. METHOD A nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 35,995) participating in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III completed structured diagnostic interviews. RESULTS Prevalence rates were significantly higher among sexual minorities than heterosexual respondents for all EDs: AN = 1.71% (SE = 0.50) versus 0.77% (SE = 0.07), BN = 1.25% (SE = 0.37) versus 0.24% (SE = 0.03), BED = 2.17% (SE = 0.52) versus 0.81% (SE = 0.05). Odds of lifetime diagnosis were significantly greater among sexual minorities for AN (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.93), BN (AOR = 3.69), and BED (AOR = 2.32), after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Sexual minorities reporting experiences with perceived discrimination had significantly higher prevalence of AN than those not endorsing perceived discrimination: 3.78% (SE = 1.43) versus 0.82% (SE = 0.33); AOR = 5.06. There were no significant differences in prevalence of BN or BED by perceived discrimination. DISCUSSION Findings indicate that sexual minorities are disproportionately affected by EDs. Further research is needed to better understand mechanisms contributing to these disparities and heightened risk for EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Kamody
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tomoko Udo
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
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8
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Parker LL, Harriger JA. Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in the LGBT population: a review of the literature. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:51. [PMID: 33088566 PMCID: PMC7566158 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to past research, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience a higher prevalence of psychopathology, which is attributable to the increased stress (i.e., stigma and prejudice) that they experience, as detailed by the minority stress model (MSM). MAIN This current literature review examined the empirical literature regarding the rates and types of, and risk factors for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors in LGBT adults and adolescents, in addition to each individual subgroup (i.e., lesbians, gay males, bisexuals, transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals). CONCLUSION LGBT adults and adolescents experience greater incidence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Additionally, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults and adolescents were all at increased risk for eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Mixed results were found for lesbian adults and adolescents. Results are discussed within the framework of the MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacie L Parker
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Suite 106, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA
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9
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Badenes-Ribera L, Rubio-Aparicio M, Sánchez-Meca J, Fabris MA, Longobardi C. The association between muscle dysmorphia and eating disorder symptomatology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:351-371. [PMID: 31505966 PMCID: PMC7044626 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Research shows inconsistent findings about the link between muscle dysmorphia (MD) and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology. The aim of this study is to synthesize the scientific evidence available on this topic, the researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The literature search enabled us to identify 39 published articles, which provided 36 independent estimations of the correlation between the two variables. RESULTS Our analysis found a positive association between MD and ED symptoms (r+ = .36; 95% CI = 0.30, 0.41). Moderator analyses showed that the type of sample and the tools for assessing MD and ED were statistically associated with the MD-ED effect sizes. The methodological quality of the studies exhibited a positive, statistically significant association with the MD-ED effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of MD were related to greater ED symptomatology, but several study characteristics may moderate the association between the two variables. In this study, we discuss limitations and implications for clinical practice and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Badenes-Ribera
- Departamento de Methodologia and Behavioral Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Julio Sánchez-Meca
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Matteo Angelo Fabris
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy,Corresponding author: Matteo Angelo Fabris; Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Verdi 10, Turin 10124, Italy; Phone: +39 011 6703056; Fax: +39 011 8126231; E-mail:
| | - Claudio Longobardi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
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10
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Bhambhani Y, Flynn MK, Kellum KK, Wilson KG. Examining sexual racism and body dissatisfaction among men of color who have sex with men: The moderating role of body image inflexibility. Body Image 2019; 28:142-148. [PMID: 30682702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Body image research with men who have sex with men (MSM) has largely focused on White MSM. The current study aimed to investigate whether men of color who have sex with men (MCSM) report similar levels of body dissatisfaction as White MSM. We also studied whether (a) the experience of sexual racism, a unique stressor for MCSM, is related to body dissatisfaction and (b) body image inflexibility moderates the relationship between sexual racism and muscularity-oriented behaviors. White MSM and MCSM (total N = 887) recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk completed questionnaires assessing body dissatisfaction, body image flexibility, and experienced sexual racism on Qualtrics. We found that MCSM report more engagement in behaviors aimed at changing their bodies than White MSM. Additionally, experiencing sexual racism was related to higher body dissatisfaction and body image inflexibility in MCSM. In addition, body image inflexibility moderated by strengthening the association between experiencing sexual racism and muscularity-oriented behaviors. The present study highlights the need for further research with this understudied population, including intervention studies on mitigating the impact of experiencing sexual racism by increasing psychological and body image flexibility and studies aimed at reducing the incidence of sexual racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Bhambhani
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States.
| | - Maureen K Flynn
- Department of Psychology, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Karen Kate Kellum
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
| | - Kelly G Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
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Social Support, Loneliness, Depressive Symptoms, and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors of Middle-Aged Hispanic Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2019; 30:98-110. [DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Calzo JP, Blashill AJ, Brown TA, Argenal RL. Eating Disorders and Disordered Weight and Shape Control Behaviors in Sexual Minority Populations. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2017; 19:49. [PMID: 28660475 PMCID: PMC5555626 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-017-0801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarized trends and key findings from empirical studies conducted between 2011 and 2017 regarding eating disorders and disordered weight and shape control behaviors among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) populations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research has examined disparities through sociocultural and minority stress approaches. Sexual minorities continue to demonstrate higher rates of disordered eating; disparities are more pronounced among males. Emerging data indicates elevated risk for disordered eating pathology among sexual minorities who are transgender or ethnic minorities. Dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs may hold promise for sexual minority males. Continued research must examine the intersections of sexual orientation, gender, and ethnic identities, given emergent data that eating disorder risk may be most prominent among specific subgroups. More research is needed within sexual minorities across the lifespan. There is still a lack of eating disorder treatment and prevention studies for sexual minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerel P Calzo
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA.
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Aaron J Blashill
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany A Brown
- Eating Disorders Center for Treatment and Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Russell L Argenal
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA
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Gonzalez-Guarda RM, McCabe BE, Leblanc N, De Santis JP, Provencio-Vasquez E. The contribution of stress, cultural factors, and sexual identity on the substance abuse, violence, HIV, and depression syndemic among Hispanic men. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 22:563-571. [PMID: 27159650 PMCID: PMC5053835 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to confirm the substance abuse, violence, HIV, and depression syndemic among Hispanic men, and to test whether stress and sociocultural factors, including acculturation, family support, and sexual orientation, predict this syndemic. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was administered to 164 Hispanic men using standardized measures for Hispanic Stress (Cervantes, Padilla, & Salgado de Snyder, 1991), substance abuse (Kelly et al., 1994), violence (Peragallo et al., 2005), risk for HIV (González-Guarda, Peragallo, Urrutia, Vasquez, & Mitrani, 2008), and depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale, CES-D; Radloff, 1977). RESULTS Results from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supported the syndemic factor among Hispanic men. While family/cultural stress and homosexual identity were risk factors for the syndemic factor, family support was protective. CONCLUSIONS More longitudinal research is needed to identify influences on the syndemic factor among diverse Hispanic communities. Interventions that address stress and enhance family supports may show promise in addressing and preventing syndemics among Hispanic men. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Gonzalez-Guarda
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro
| | - Brian E. McCabe
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro
| | - Natalie Leblanc
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro
| | - Joseph P. De Santis
- University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Center of Excellence for Health Disparities Research: El Centro
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Thorley H, Porter K, Fleming C, Jones T, Kesten J, Marques E, Richards A, Savović J. Interventions for preventing or treating malnutrition in problem drinkers who are homeless or vulnerably housed: protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev 2015; 4:131. [PMID: 26424296 PMCID: PMC4589081 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem alcohol drinking in homeless and vulnerably housed people can lead to malnutrition, which is associated with complications such as alcohol-related brain damage. Homeless alcohol drinkers are likely to have worse health outcomes and different nutritional needs compared with housed alcohol-drinking persons. It is not clear whether interventions to improve nutritional status in this population have been effective. The purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for preventing or correcting micronutrient deficiencies and other forms of malnutrition and related comorbidities in this population. METHODS/DESIGN A systematic search for studies of a nutrition-based intervention applied in the homeless or vulnerably housed population with problem drinking will be conducted. The following electronic databases will be systematically searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CAB abstracts, CINAHL, Cochrane Public Health Group Register and Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group Register. Screening of identified abstracts for relevance and assessment of papers for inclusion will be done in duplicate. One reviewer will extract data from the studies and assess quality, and this will be checked by another reviewer. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus. The primary outcomes are (mal)nutrition status or micronutrient deficiencies or change in (mal)nutrition status or micronutrient deficiencies, measures of liver damage and cognitive function. Secondary outcomes include comorbidities, quality of life and functional scales, resources used to deliver treatment, uptake/acceptability of the intervention and engagement with treatment services. Results will be analysed descriptively, and, if appropriate, meta-analyses will be performed. DISCUSSION The results of this review should help to inform the development of effective interventions that can be implemented in the community to improve the health of homeless people who are problem drinkers. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42015024247.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thorley
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Katie Porter
- Bristol City Council, St Anne's House, St Anne's Road, Bristol, BS4 4AB, UK.
| | - Clare Fleming
- Compass Health, The Compass Centre, 1 Jamaica Street, Bristol, BS2 8JP, UK.
| | - Tim Jones
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Joanna Kesten
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Elsa Marques
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Alison Richards
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jelena Savović
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor Whitefriars, Lewins Mead, Bristol, BS1 2NT, UK. .,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Shattell MM, Chinn PL. Nursing silent on LGBTQ health: rebel nurses provide hope. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2014; 28:76-7. [PMID: 24506992 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Shattell
- College of Science and Health, School of Nursing, DePaul University, 1110 West Belden Avenue, Chicago, IL60614.
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16
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Brennan DJ, Asakura K, George C, Newman PA, Giwa S, Hart TA, Souleymanov R, Betancourt G. "Never reflected anywhere": body image among ethnoracialized gay and bisexual men. Body Image 2013; 10:389-98. [PMID: 23648108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has highlighted the increased prevalence of body image concerns and associations with health outcomes among gay and bisexual men (GBM). Little research, however, has examined the link between body image and social oppression for ethnoracialized GBM. Using an intersectionality lens and qualitative inductive analysis, data were collected through focus groups and interviews with GBM (n=61) who identify with one of four ethnoracial groups (Black, East/Southeast Asian, South Asian, Latino/Brazilian). Three main themes emerged: (1) body image idealization in gay/bisexual male culture, (2) negotiating a racialized body image, and (3) negotiating the impact of body image on relationship with self and others. The study results highlighted how multiple forms of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism) intersected with one another to impact the body image and overall well-being among ethnoracialized GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brennan
- University of Toronto, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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17
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Gonzalez-Guarda RM, De Santis JP, Vasquez EP. Sexual orientation and demographic, cultural, and psychological factors associated with the perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence among Hispanic men. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2013; 34:103-9. [PMID: 23369121 PMCID: PMC3563281 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2012.728280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hispanics are disproportionately affected by intimate partner violence (IPV). Most of the research describing factors associated with intimate partner violence among Hispanics has focused on Hispanic women or Hispanics in heterosexual relationships. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among sexual orientation (heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual), and demographic, cultural, and psychological factors and intimate partner violence among Hispanic men. A cross sectional questionnaire was administered to 160 Hispanic heterosexual men and men who have sex with men. Demographic factors (age, education, and income), acculturation, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem were assessed using standardized instruments. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, and simple and multiple logistical regression. Differences in education, income, and self-esteem were noted across participants identifying as heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. Bisexual Hispanic men had almost four times greater odds of reporting the perpetration of IPV than homosexual Hispanic men, even when differences in education, income, and self-esteem were controlled for (AOR = 3.92, 95%CI = 1.11, 14.19). This study suggests the importance of specifically targeting bisexual Hispanic men in IPV research and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M. Gonzalez-Guarda
- University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health Studies, 5030 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL. ; Office: 305-284-8374
| | - Joseph P. De Santis
- University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health Studies, 5030 Brunson Drive, Coral Gables, FL, ; Office: 305-284-5039
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18
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Jacobs RJ, Kane MN, Ownby RL. Condom Use, Disclosure, and Risk for Unprotected Sex in HIV-Negative Midlife and Older Men Who Have Sex With Men. Am J Mens Health 2012; 7:186-97. [DOI: 10.1177/1557988312463417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual risk behaviors account for most HIV infections in men who have sex with men (MSM), and the risk of exposure from each sexual encounter increases with age. The focus of this study was to investigate which behaviors in midlife and older MSM influence their sexual risk/protection. Cross-sectional data were collected from a community-based sample of 802 MSM aged 40 years and older from community venues (e.g., bars) who completed an anonymous questionnaire. Data from a subset of 420 MSM who were HIV-negative (aged 40-81 years) were used to investigate which behaviors were associated with greater risk for unprotected anal sex. Regression analyses indicated that erection difficulties (odds ratio [OR] = 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-12.2), practicing safe sex with outside partners but not with one’s primary partner (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.3-0.94), and recreational drug use (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3-5.1) were associated with higher risk for unprotected receptive anal intercourse. Younger age (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.9- 0.9), not telling partners about HIV status (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.5-6.5), finding partners in backrooms/sex clubs (OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.1- 6.8), and erection difficulties (OR = 10.3; 95% CI = 2.8-37.8) were associated with higher risk for unprotected insertive anal intercourse. These data indicate there may be certain factors specific to older MSM that influence their sexual risk taking behaviors. Programs may be more effective if they are tailored for older cohorts of MSM and address interpersonal communication, erection problems, and substance use to reduce health risks and promote healthier lifestyles.
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