1
|
Jiménez-Fernández R, Herraiz Soria ME, Peña Granger M, Losa-Iglesias ME, Becerro de Bengoa-Vallejo R, Corral-Liria I. Reliability and validity of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) test for post-traumatic stress disorder in mental health nurses in Spain. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 50:122-128. [PMID: 38789224 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we report the reliability and test/re-test validity of a Castillan version of the PCL-5 (PCL5-C) in mental health nurses. METHODS A sample of 52 consecutive nurses was recruited from two psychiatric hospitals and four psychiatrists units of general hospitals in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS We detected high internal consistency for the study questionnaire at the test assessment (n = 52) and at retest 0.929 and 0.935, respectively, by total Cronbach's α. All of the items at test and re-test correlated with the total score. CONCLUSIONS Reproducibility analysis showed excellent test/re-test reliability for the total score and each item. Based on our findings, we conclude that the PCL5-C is a valid and reliable questionnaire when applied among Spanish mental health nurses population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Peña Granger
- Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Calle del Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Runyon MC, Copel LC, Trout KK. A concept analysis of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38762896 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To facilitate an understanding of the risk for psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses. DESIGN Concept analysis. METHODS The Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 56 articles. The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses were identified. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed articles in English from CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed on July 2023. RESULTS The characteristics of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses are overwhelming distress, intrusive symptoms, avoidance and numbing behaviours, hypervigilance or hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and interpersonal challenges. The antecedents are exposure to one or more of the following nurse-specific traumas: natural or person-made disasters, historical role limitations, second victim situations, secondary trauma, system-mediated or over-medicalized care, insufficient resources, or workplace incivility. The consequences are disruptions in mental health, diminished physical health, alterations in relationships, and variable work performance. CONCLUSION Labour and delivery nurses experience unique causes of psychological trauma due to their practice environment and patient population. The consequences of labour and delivery nurses' psychological trauma extend beyond individual health and impact the quality of patient care and organizational capacity. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Furthermore, research is needed to inform education, support and policy measures to mitigate harm effectively. WHAT PROBLEM DID THE STUDY ADDRESS?: Nurse-specific trauma theory has not been applied to the unique labour and delivery environment with a high incidence of patient trauma. WHAT WERE THE MAIN FINDINGS?: Multiple causes of trauma in the perinatal context have created a pervasive yet largely preventable issue. WHERE AND ON WHOM WILL THE RESEARCH HAVE AN IMPACT?: This research will impact labour and delivery nurses, their leadership, and their patients. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION No patient or public contribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie C Runyon
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda Carman Copel
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly K Trout
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hood TL, Copeland D. Students who witness critical events in the clinical setting: Recommendations for prevention of psychological trauma. J Prof Nurs 2024; 52:70-79. [PMID: 38777529 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student nurses often do not receive adequate preparation, support, and debriefing related to witnessing or experiencing critical events in the clinical setting. PURPOSE The purpose of this analysis was to describe the experiences of student nurses who have witnessed critical events in the clinical setting, the support and preparation they received, and staff and faculty actions they perceived as facilitating or hindering their processing of the event. METHODS This is a sub-analysis of a Straussian Grounded Theory qualitative study. RESULTS Staff and faculty actions that helped and hindered the processing of the critical event were identified at four time points: pre-event, during the critical event, immediately post-event, and in the days and weeks following. CONCLUSIONS Students exposed to critical events during their clinical rotations can experience psychological trauma. If unresolved, this can result in new nurses entering the profession already in distress. Preparation and support for witnessing critical patient events should start at the beginning of nursing school. During critical patient events, students need faculty or staff to be actively present to explain the event and support the student throughout the event. Immediate debrief and follow-up is recommended and should continue weeks or months after the event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Hood
- Annie Taylor Dee School of Nursing, Weber State University, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valeberg BT, Meland‐Tangen L, Sollie AK, Borgersen SK, von Heimburg L, Eide C, Leegaard M. 'Both assistant and specialist': Nurse Anaesthetists' experiences of being relocated during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Nurs Open 2024; 11:e2057. [PMID: 38268275 PMCID: PMC10728767 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of nurse anaesthetists being relocated during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN The study has a qualitative design. METHODS A total of 12 nurse anaesthetists from four different hospitals were included. Data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews and then analysed using content analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used. RESULTS The 12 respondents, of whom three were men, were between 46 and 64 years old and had 7 to 30 years of experience as NAs. Two themes emerged in the analysis: (1) 'Diverse experiences' with the sub-themes 'Preparedness' and 'Insecurity' and (2) 'Both assistant and specialist' with the sub-themes 'Exhausting' and 'Meaningful'. CONCLUSION This study shows that the NAs competencies made them prepared to handle many of the situations. They also experienced situations where they were uncomfortable being pressured to take responsibility. They were regarded as a uniform group without considering their prior experiences. Mapping the personnel's former experiences is required to utilize best possible matching of personnel to assignments and create less stress and insecurity among them.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye WQW, Griffin C, Sverdlichenko I, Vegas DB. The impact of patient death experiences early in training on resident physicians: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open 2023; 11:E1006-E1011. [PMID: 37907213 PMCID: PMC10620010 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient death is an inevitability during medical training, with subsequent psychologic distress, decreased empathy and worse learning outcomes. We aimed to explore resident experiences with patient death early in training, including the immediate and delayed impacts of these experiences, preparedness of trainees for these events and coping strategies used, potentially identifying gaps and opportunities to further support trainees during difficult or traumatic events. METHODS We performed a qualitative study using phenomenology methodology to understand trainees' personal experiences with patient death. Resident physicians who had completed an internal medicine rotation at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, were invited to participate from December 2020 to April 2021. Semistructured interviews were conducted to understand circumstances, emotional responses, support, coping mechanisms and preparedness regarding the patient death experience. Interviews were transcribed and coded to identify emerging themes with the use of thematic and interpretive analysis. RESULTS Eighteen participants were interviewed. On average, the interviews were 40 minutes in length. The participants' mean age was 27 years. The majority of trainees (10 [56%]) were in their first year of residency, with 5 (28%) from family medicine and 4 (22%) from internal medicine. Most participants (13 [72%]) had experienced their first patient death during medical school. Three themes were identified: patient death circumstances, immediate and delayed emotional impact, and preparedness and coping mechanisms. Unexpected death, pronouncing death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and communicating with families were common challenges. Feelings of guilt, helplessness and grief followed the events. Feeling underprepared contributed to emotional consequences, including difficulties sleeping, intrusive thoughts and emotional distancing; however, these experiences were consistently normalized by participants. INTERPRETATION Patient death during medical training can be traumatic for trainees and may perpetuate loss of empathy, changes to practice and residual emotional effects. Educational initiatives to prepare trainees for patient death and teach adaptive coping strategies may help mitigate psychologic trauma and loss of empathy; further research is required to explore these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qing Wendy Ye
- McMaster University (Ye, Griffin, Brandt Vegas), Hamilton, Ont.; University of Toronto (Ye, Griffin, Sverdlichenko), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Brandt Vegas), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Candice Griffin
- McMaster University (Ye, Griffin, Brandt Vegas), Hamilton, Ont.; University of Toronto (Ye, Griffin, Sverdlichenko), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Brandt Vegas), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Irina Sverdlichenko
- McMaster University (Ye, Griffin, Brandt Vegas), Hamilton, Ont.; University of Toronto (Ye, Griffin, Sverdlichenko), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Brandt Vegas), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Daniel Brandt Vegas
- McMaster University (Ye, Griffin, Brandt Vegas), Hamilton, Ont.; University of Toronto (Ye, Griffin, Sverdlichenko), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Internal Medicine (Brandt Vegas), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang J, Han P, Liu Y, Wu Q, Shao H, Duan X, Shi Y. Promotion factors of emergency nurses' post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:298. [PMID: 37658377 PMCID: PMC10472696 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2022, Shanghai, China, has experienced a severe wave of SARS-CoV-2 transmission caused by the Omicron variant strain. The pandemic has severely constrained the local healthcare system. After treating critically ill COVID-19 patients, emergency nurses may experience some positive changes due to new insights or gains in their work, even if they have had traumatic experiences. This study aimed to explore the promoting factors of emergency nurses' post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai. We hoped to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for intervening in and promoting the psychological rehabilitation of medical staff after traumatic circumstances. METHODS This study employed a qualitative design based on the phenomenological approach. 18 participants from the emergency department of a third-level class-A hospital in Shanghai who participated in treating COVID-19 patients were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data collection was through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching data saturation. The seven-step Colaizzi process was used for data analysis. RESULTS The investigation uncovered two themes and six subthemes. Internal factors contained self-affirmation, deliberate rumination, and cognitive restructuring, which constituted attitudes and behaviours that participants could subjectively determine. External factors included social support, transformational leadership, and role modelling, which constituted factors influenced by others or the environment. CONCLUSIONS The promoting factors of PTG of emergency nurses originated from different sources such as individuals, organizations, and society. In addition to good psychological adjustment of the individual, society, hospitals, and nursing managers should focus on establishing supportive PTG strategies. The ultimate purpose is to improve the retention rate and career growth of nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Jiang
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Peng Han
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haiyan Shao
- Emergency Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xia Duan
- Nursing Department, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Yan Shi
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Foli KJ, Choflet A, Matthias-Anderson D, Mercer M, Thompson RA, Squires A. The power of the language we use: Stigmatization of individuals and fellow nurses with substance use issues. Res Nurs Health 2023; 46:3-8. [PMID: 36571705 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Foli
- School of Nursing, Purdue University West Lafayette Campus, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda Choflet
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences School of Nursing, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Maile Mercer
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Roy A Thompson
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Allison Squires
- NYU Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu-Chin C, Forster AK, Zhang L, Foli KJ. Nurses' Psychological Trauma and Cognitive Control in the COVID-19 Pandemic. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231214601. [PMID: 38020321 PMCID: PMC10655673 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses have faced various nurse-specific traumas in their workplaces, but there is limited understanding of the resulting outcomes and factors that contribute to them. Objective To address this gap, the study employed the middle-range theory of nurses' psychological trauma (NPT) to examine these relationships among frontline nurses working in critical care areas. Methods In a quantitative cross-sectional study, the study compared nurses identified as probable cases of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with those identified as not probable cases. The study investigated the nurse-specific traumas they experienced, their individual personality traits, and the buffers they possessed. The study also sought to identify specific types of nurse-specific traumas that could be associated with negative outcomes, such as alcohol and drug use. Results It was found that PTSD-probable nurses reported higher levels of trauma from disasters and system/medically induced trauma compared to not-probable nurses. They also experienced more nonwork-related humankind traumas and displayed lower resilience. Furthermore, PTSD-probable nurses identified with trait urgency and trait avoidance motivation. Additionally, trauma from disasters was associated with alcohol use. Conclusion The study highlights the elevated levels of trauma, lower resilience, and specific psychological traits associated with PTSD-probable nurses, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and support to mitigate the negative outcomes experienced by frontline nurses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Yu-Chin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anna K. Forster
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karen J. Foli
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayer KA, Linehan KJ, MacMillan NK. Student perspectives on potential sources of trauma exposure during nursing school. Nurs Forum 2022; 57:833-842. [PMID: 35485449 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of events experienced by nursing students as harmful during nursing school have included moral distress, prolonged grief reactions, secondary traumatic stress, and anxiety and depression during nursing school. Nursing student perceptions of potential sources of trauma exposure also known as potentially traumatic events (PTEs) during nursing school are lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to describe nursing students' perceptions of potential sources of trauma exposure during nursing school at one private school of nursing. Four online, synchronous focus groups with undergraduate nursing students were conducted in April 2020. Four themes emerged from analysis of focus group transcripts related to potential sources of trauma exposure: Individual-oriented interpersonal sources, nursing student-oriented interpersonal sources, nursing student-oriented institutional and organizational sources, and individual-oriented community sources. Participants focused on nursing student-oriented, interpersonal, and institutional and organizational potential sources of trauma exposure, while minimizing individual-oriented, community, and macro-level potential sources of student trauma exposure during nursing school. Findings advance discussions of organizational, systems, and community PTEs in nursing education. Trauma-informed educational and healthcare systems that promote the academic and career success of nursing students should be considered in PTE prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kala A Mayer
- School of Nursing, University of Portland, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lalani N, Cai Y, Wang Y. "Hard to Say Goodbye Over iPad": Experiences of Palliative Care Providers and Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rural Communities of Indiana, United States. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2022; 24:E94-E100. [PMID: 35285462 PMCID: PMC9052352 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The need for palliative care (PC) has gained increased attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Palliative care adds an extra layer of support and care for patients with advanced chronic illnesses and their families. Because of pandemic restrictions, access and provision of PC services were challenging and resulted in huge suffering and caregiving burden among patients with advanced chronic illnesses and their families, especially those living in smaller towns and rural communities. The study aimed to describe the impact of COVID-19 on PC services and examine various ethical, moral, and practice issues and challenges experienced by rural providers. Using a community-based participatory research approach, a purposive sample of health care providers (n = 15) was obtained from smaller towns and rural communities in Indiana, United States. Online individual interviews were used for data collection. Thematic analysis showed several concerns including restricted visitation, communication challenges, "hard to say goodbye over iPad", moral distress among providers, and preference for home hospice services. Findings call for strategies to implement best PC practices and programs to support providers and families in smaller towns and rural communities.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kusumawaty I, Suzanna S, Yunike Y, Marlinda M, Upoyo AS. Female Nurses’ Experience of Psychological Changes when Caring COVID-19 Patients in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nurses as health workers at the frontline have major challenges in dealing with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic can cause the risk of psychological changes in nurses in maintaining the quality of public health services.
AIM: This study aims to explore nurses’ experiences through their psychological changes when giving treatment to COVID-19 patients.
DESIGN AND METHOD: This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach. Purposive sampling was applied to determine the participants with criteria of female nurses caring COVID-19 patients and working in hospitals until achieved data saturation. The data were collected by interviewing participants through phone and video calls. In-depth interview recordings were presented in transcriptions, and the contents were analyzed into codes, categories, and themes.
RESULTS: Eight nurses participated in this study. This research resulted three themes: Self-surrender during early nursing care for COVID-19 patients, acceptance of the feelings and achievements as COVID-19 nurses, and self-empowerment supported by the environment.
CONCLUSIONS: The psychological changes during the nursing care start from self-surrender in the early period of COVID-19 patient care, self-acceptance for any feelings and achievements as COVID-19 nurses, to the forms of self-empowerment and environmental support.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Vicarious trauma, secondary trauma, and workplace violence are the common forms of psychological trauma associated with nurses. Additional areas of nurses' trauma have not been adequately described, defined, or conceptually organized in the literature. In this article, a new middle-range theory of nurses' psychological trauma is presented with a novel discourse of nurse-specific traumas, theoretical statements, and outcomes of psychological traumas that are unique to nurses and the professional worlds in which they live. A middle-range theory is forwarded so that future scholars may test this theory and derive implications for practice, education, policy, and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Foli
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Foli KJ, Forster A, Bostic LA, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Stone L. Nurse Anesthetists: Current Perceptions and Practices Related to Substance Use. JOURNAL OF NURSING REGULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2155-8256(22)00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Hallgren J, Larsson M, Kjellén M, Lagerroth D, Bäckström C. 'Who will do it if I don't?' Nurse anaesthetists' experiences of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aust Crit Care 2021; 35:52-58. [PMID: 34955333 PMCID: PMC8602969 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, the workload on the intensive care unit (ICU) increased nationally in Sweden as well as globally. Certified registered nurse anaesthetists (CRNAs) in Sweden were transferred at short notice to work with seriously ill patients with COVID-19 in the ICU, which is not part of the CRNAs' specialist area. However, limited research has shed light on healthcare professionals' experiences of the pandemic. OBJECTIVES This study illuminates CRNAs' experiences of working in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study used a qualitative method with an inductive approach to interview nurse anaesthetists who worked in the ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS The participants experienced ambivalent feelings towards their work in the ICU. They also lacked information, which created feelings of uncertainty and resulted in expectations that did not correspond to the reality. They described that owing to an inadequate introduction, they could only provide "sufficient" care, which in many cases caused ethical stress. Not being able to get to know their new colleagues well enough to create effective cooperation created frustration. Even though the participants experienced the work in the ICU as demanding and challenging, overall, they enjoyed their time in the ICU and were treated well by their colleagues. CONCLUSIONS Although CRNAs cannot replace intensive care nurses, they are a useful resource in the ICU in the care of patients with COVID-19. Healthcare workers who are allocated from their ordinary units to the ICU need adequate information and support from their work managers to be able to provide the best possible care and to stay healthy themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hallgren
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Margaretha Larsson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Research Group Family Centered Health (FamCeH), University of Skövde, Sweden
| | - Malin Kjellén
- Skaraborg Hospital, Surgical Department, Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Caroline Bäckström
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden; Research Group Family Centered Health (FamCeH), University of Skövde, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Seney V. Mental health nurses: Are you okay? JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2021; 34:257-258. [PMID: 34766673 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Seney
- Community Nursing Department, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Foli KJ, Forster A, Cheng C, Zhang L, Chiu Y. Voices from the COVID-19 frontline: Nurses' trauma and coping. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77:3853-3866. [PMID: 34314068 PMCID: PMC8447369 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the experiences of frontline nurses who are working in critical care areas during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on trauma and the use of substances as a coping mechanism. DESIGN A qualitative study based on content analysis. METHODS Data were collected from mid-June 2020 to early September 2020 via an online survey. Nurses were recruited through the research webpage of the American Association of Critical Care Nurses as well as an alumni list from a large, public Midwest university. Responses to two open-ended items were analysed: (1) personal or professional trauma the nurse had experienced; and (2) substance or alcohol use, or other mental health issues the nurse had experienced or witnessed in other nurses. RESULTS For the item related to psychological trauma five themes were identified from 70 nurses' comments: (1) Psychological distress in multiple forms; (2) Tsunami of death; (3) Torn between two masters; (4) Betrayal; and (5) Resiliency/posttraumatic growth through self and others. Sixty-five nurses responded to the second item related to substance use and other mental health issues. Data supported three themes: (1) Mental health crisis NOW!!: 'more stressed than ever and stretched thinner than ever'; (2) Nurses are turning to a variety of substances to cope; and (3) Weakened supports for coping and increased maladaptive coping due to ongoing pandemic. CONCLUSIONS This study brings novel findings to understand the experiences of nurses who care for patients with COVID-19, including trauma experienced during disasters, the use of substances to cope and the weakening of existing support systems. Findings also reveal nurses in crisis who are in need of mental health services. IMPACT Support for nurses' well-being and mental health should include current and ongoing services offered by the organization and include screening for substance use issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Foli
- School of NursingPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Anna Forster
- School of NursingPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Chang Cheng
- Department of StatisticsPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- Department of StatisticsPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
- Department of StatisticsPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Yu‐Chin Chiu
- Department of Psychological SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Sheng Q, Wang X, Cai C. The experience of frontline nurses four months after COVID-19 rescue task in China: A qualitative study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35:358-363. [PMID: 34176576 PMCID: PMC8126517 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study was to explore the experience of frontline nurses four months after COVID-19 rescue task. BACKGROUND Frontline medical staff are prone to follow-up mental health problems and different feeling after COVID-19 rescue task. However, the experience of frontline nurses after COVID-19 rescue task has not been well described. METHODS The study used a qualitative study design with semi-structured interview guide. Individual semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 15 frontline nurses who were involved COVID-19 rescue task from two tertiary-A hospitals in Hefei, China from July 10, to August 28, 2020. We followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist. RESULTS Four main themes emerged from the interviews: recurring involuntary memories about the experience, feeling guilty and depressed, cultivation of occupational ability, increased professional pride and happiness. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that frontline nurses had both positive and negative experiences four months after COVID-19 rescue task. It is necessary to long-term follow up and attention to the experience of the frontline nurses after COVID-19 rescue task. These insights provide a specific direction for the psychological reconstruction of frontline nurses and the construction of nursing team. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nursing managers should formulate psychological reconstruction plan according to the experience of frontline nurses after COVID-19 rescue task, so as to relieve the psychological stress and promote the mental health of nurses. At the same time, we should strengthen the disaster rescue ability training of nurses should be strengthened to better respond to future rescue task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Sheng
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunfeng Cai
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan university, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT Little is known about the psychological impact of trauma from pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores a descriptive study on the impact of COVID-19 and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder among RNs caring for patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hill
- Richard Hill is an inpatient wound care nurse at Natchitoches Regional Medical Center in Shreveport, La
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Amberson T. Postpandemic Psychological Recovery and Emergency Nursing: Creating a Narrative for Change. J Emerg Nurs 2021; 47:362-365. [PMID: 33840517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|