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Eveleens Maarse BC, Eggink HM, Warnke I, Bijlsma S, van den Broek TJ, Oosterman JE, Caspers MPM, Sybesma W, Gal P, van Kraaij SJW, Schuren FHJ, Moerland M, Hoevenaars FPM. Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1416-1426. [PMID: 38499450 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The gut microbiome exerts important roles in health, e.g., functions in metabolism and immunology. These functions are often exerted via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by gut bacteria. Studies demonstrating causal relationships between interventions targeting the microbiome and clinical outcomes are limited. This study aimed to show a causal relationship between microbiome modulation through fibre intervention and health. METHODS AND RESULTS This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study included 65 healthy subjects, aged 45-70 years, with increased metabolic risk (i.e., body mass index [BMI] 25-30 kg/m2, low to moderate daily dietary fibre intake, <30g/day). Subjects took daily a fibre mixture of Acacia gum and carrot powder or placebo for 12 weeks, with an 8-week wash-out period. Faecal samples for measurement of SCFAs and microbiome analysis were collected every 4 weeks. Before and after each intervention period subjects underwent the mixed-meal PhenFlex challenge Test (PFT). Health effects were expressed as resilience to the stressors of the PFT and as fasting metabolic and inflammatory state. The fibre mixture exerted microbiome modulation, with an increase in β-diversity (p < 0.001). α-diversity was lower during fibre mixture intake compared to placebo after 4, 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.002; p = 0.012; p = 0.031). There was no effect observed on faecal SCFA concentrations, nor on any of the primary clinical outcomes (Inflammatory resilience: p = 0.605, Metabolic resilience: p = 0.485). CONCLUSION Although the intervention exerted effects on gut microbiome composition, no effects on SCFA production, on resilience or fasting metabolic and inflammatory state were observed in this cohort. REGISTRATION NUMBER CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT04829396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ines Warnke
- dsm-firmenich, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Bijlsma
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J van den Broek
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank H J Schuren
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P M Hoevenaars
- TNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Al-Jubori Y, Ahmed NTB, Albusaidi R, Madden J, Das S, Sirasanagandla SR. The Efficacy of Gum Arabic in Managing Diseases: A Systematic Review of Evidence-Based Clinical Trials. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010138. [PMID: 36671523 PMCID: PMC9855968 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gum arabic (GA) is a natural product commonly used as a household remedy for treating various diseases in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. Despite its claimed benefits, there has been a lack of research on the findings of current clinical trials (CTs) that investigated its efficacy in the treatment of various medical diseases. The aim of this systematic review was to study CTs which focused on GA and its possible use in the management of various medical diseases. A search of the extant literature was performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to retrieve CTs focusing on evidence-based clinical indications. The databases were searched using the keywords ("Gum Arabic" OR "Acacia senegal" OR "Acacia seyal" OR "Gum Acacia" OR "Acacia Arabica") AND ("Clinical Trial" OR "Randomized Controlled Trial" OR "Randomized Clinical Trial"). While performing the systematic review, data were obtained on the following parameters: title, authors, date of publication, study design, study aim, sample size, type of intervention used, targeted medical diseases, and main findings. Twenty-nine papers were included in this systematic review. The results showed that ingestion of GA altered lipid profiles, renal profiles, plaque, gingival scores, biochemical parameters, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and adiposity. GA exhibited anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and antibacterial properties. GA has been successfully used to treat sickle cell anemia, rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic disorders, periodontitis, gastrointestinal conditions, and kidney diseases. Herein, we discuss GA with respect to the underlying mechanisms involved in each medical disease, thereby justifying GA's future role as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamamh Al-Jubori
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | | | - Rawan Albusaidi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - James Madden
- GKT School of Medicine, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Srijit Das
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla
- Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +968-24141176
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Rawi M, Abdullah A, Ismail A, Sarbini SR. Manipulation of Gut Microbiota Using Acacia Gum Polysaccharide. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17782-17797. [PMID: 34308014 PMCID: PMC8296006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Acacia gum (AG) is a branched-polysaccharide gummy exudate that consists of arabinose and galactose. The traditional practice in African-Middle Eastern countries uses this gum as medicine. Traditional use of AG is to treat stomach disease, which can be a potential functional food. In this research, commercially available AG from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal was investigated as the prebiotic. The experiment employed a pH-controlled in vitro colon model inoculated with human fecal microbiota to mimic the human colon. Fermentation samples at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h were brought for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and bacterial enumeration via fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results showed that AG significantly promotes Bifidobacteria proliferation similar to fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) while inhibiting the Clostridium histolyticum group, commonly associated with gut dysbiosis. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed a similar trend to FOS (p > 0.05). The AG shows potential against gut dysbiosis, as it promotes gut-probiotics, through modulation of microbial population and SCFA production, especially butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad
Hanif Rawi
- Faculty
of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
| | - Aminah Abdullah
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Amin Ismail
- Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Faculty
of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu Sarawak, Bintulu, Sarawak 97008, Malaysia
- Halal
Products Research Institute, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Putra
Infoport, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM, Malaysia
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Larson R, Nelson C, Korczak R, Willis H, Erickson J, Wang Q, Slavin J. Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:618. [PMID: 33672963 PMCID: PMC7918852 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Larson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Courtney Nelson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Renee Korczak
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Holly Willis
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Jennifer Erickson
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA;
| | - Joanne Slavin
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Falcon Heights, MN 55108, USA; (R.L.); (C.N.); (R.K.); (H.W.); (J.E.)
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The Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010194. [PMID: 33435475 PMCID: PMC7826716 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gum Arabic (GA) is a widely-used additive in food processing, but is also historically used in a number of traditional therapies. It has been shown to have a broad range of health benefits, particularly in improving important cardiovascular risk indicators. Metabolic syndrome and its associated cardiac outcomes are a significant burden on modern healthcare systems, and complementary interventions to aid in its management are required. We aimed to examine the effect of GA on those with, or at risk of, metabolic syndrome to identify an effect on improving important disease parameters related to cardiovascular outcomes. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to identify the effects of daily GA supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. A total of 80 participants were randomized to receive 20 g of GA daily (n = 40) or placebo (1 g pectin, n = 40) for 12 weeks. Key endpoints included body-anthropometric indices, diet and physical activity assessment, and blood chemistry (HbA1c, fasting glucose, and blood lipids). Of the 80 enrolled, 61 completed the study (intervention: 31, control: 30) with 19 dropping out due to poor treatment compliance. After 12 weeks, the participants receiving the GA showed significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat-free body mass, energy and carbohydrate consumption, and fasting plasma glucose, as well as increased intake of dietary fiber. They also reported improvements in self-perceived bloating and quality of bowel movements, as well as a decreased appetite score following GA consumption. These results suggest that GA could be a safe and beneficial adjunct to other treatments for those with, or at risk of, metabolic syndrome.
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Huang M, Luo J, Luo G, Berahmand F, Găman MA, Sedanur Macit M, Zhang X. The effect of gum consumption on anthropometric characteristics and cardiac disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2020; 54:102578. [PMID: 33183674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province 341000, China
| | - Farnoush Berahmand
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Melahat Sedanur Macit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Xuanguo Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 2. Xihua Men, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Provice 710003, China.
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Jangra S, Pothuraju R. Functional Significance of Gum acacia in the Management of Obesity. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:293-295. [DOI: 10.2174/138161282603200306092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surender Jangra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68105, United States
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Jangra S, K. RS, Sharma RK, Pothuraju R, Mohanty AK. Ameliorative effect of fermentable fibres on adiposity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat and sucrose diet. Food Funct 2019; 10:3696-3705. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of diets rich in fat and refined sugars is recognized to be one of the causes of lifestyle disorders, and dietary fibres are being advocated to ameliorate the complications associated with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Jangra
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Raja Shekar K.
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Raj Kumar Sharma
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Division of Animal Biochemistry
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
| | - A. K. Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
- Karnal
- India
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9
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Patel S, Goyal A. Applications of Natural Polymer Gum Arabic: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2013.809541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Glycaemic index and perceived satiety following ingestion of sourdough breads enriched with soluble fibres. Proc Nutr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Solah VA, Brand-Miller JC, Atkinson FS, Gahler RJ, Kacinik V, Lyon MR, Wood S. Dose–response effect of a novel functional fibre, PolyGlycopleX®, PGX®, on satiety. Appetite 2014; 77:72-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Babiker R, Merghani TH, Elmusharaf K, Badi RM, Lang F, Saeed AM. Effects of Gum Arabic ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage in healthy adult females: two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. Nutr J 2012; 11:111. [PMID: 23241359 PMCID: PMC3570285 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gum Arabic (acacia Senegal) is a complex polysaccharide indigestible to both humans and animals. It has been considered as a safe dietary fiber by the United States, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since the 1970s. Although its effects were extensively studied in animals, there is paucity of data regarding its quantified use in humans. This study was conducted to determine effects of regular Gum Arabic (GA) ingestion on body mass index and body fat percentage among healthy adult females. Methods A two-arm randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial was conducted in the Department of Physiology at the Khartoum University. A total of 120 healthy females completed the study. They were divided to two groups: A test group of 60 volunteers receiving GA (30 gm /day) for 6 weeks and a placebo group of 60 volunteers receiving pectin (1 gm/day) for the same period of time. Weight and height were measured before and after intervention using standardized height and weight scales. Skin fold thickness was measured using Harpenden Skin fold caliper. Fat percentage was calculated using Jackson and Pollock 7 caliper method and Siri equation. Results Pre and post analysis among the study group showed significant reduction in BMI by 0.32 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.47; P<0.0001) and body fat percentage by 2.18% (95% CI: 1.54 to 2.83; P<0.0001) following regular intake of 30 gm /day Gum Arabic for six weeks. Side effects caused by GA ingestion were experienced only in the first week. They included unfavorable viscous sensation in the mouth, early morning nausea, mild diarrhea and bloating abdomen. Conclusions GA ingestion causes significant reduction in BMI and body fat percentage among healthy adult females. The effect could be exploited in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Babiker
- Department of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
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Hull S, Re R, Tiihonen K, Viscione L, Wickham M. Consuming polydextrose in a mid-morning snack increases acute satiety measurements and reduces subsequent energy intake at lunch in healthy human subjects. Appetite 2012; 59:706-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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