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Pfeifer D, Rešetar J, Šteković M, Czlapka-Matyasik M, Verbanac D, Gajdoš Kljusurić J. Diet Quality and Its Association with Lifestyle and Dietary Behaviors among Croatian Students during Two COVID-19 Lockdowns. Foods 2023; 12:2532. [PMID: 37444271 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the diet quality, the relationship between diet quality and lifestyle, and the association of diet quality with body mass index and students' field of study during COVID-19 lockdown periods (spring and winter) in 2020. Datasets were collected via an anonymous online self-reported questionnaire distributed during two time periods using social media. A total of 1939 Croatian students (82.4% women and 17.6% men) completed the questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using the pro-healthy diet index (pHDI) and non-healthy diet index (nHDI). An increase in diet quality was noted during both lockdown periods but was lower during the winter lockdown. Cooking for oneself was associated with a high level of pHDI, while ordering or buying ready-to-eat food was linked to a low level of pHDI. Additionally, a decrease in screen time and increased physical activity was associated with high pHDI values. Furthermore, during both lockdown periods, students with a BMI above 30 kg/m2 had the highest nHDI values compared to other students. Although positive changes were found during both lockdown periods, they were less pronounced throughout the winter lockdown. Further studies are needed to elucidate the real impact of these changes in the post-COVID period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Pfeifer
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josip Rešetar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martin Šteković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Donatella Verbanac
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Wei W, Liu H, Cheng B, Qin X, He D, Zhang N, Zhao Y, Cai Q, Shi S, Chu X, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Association between electronic device use and health status among a middle-aged and elderly population: a cross-sectional analysis in the UK Biobank. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37361277 PMCID: PMC10041511 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Aim Few previous studies have investigated the impact of multiple types of electronic devices on health status, and the moderating effects of gender, age, and BMI. Our aim is to examine the relationships between the use of four types of electronics and three health status indicators in a middle-aged and elderly population, and how these relationships varied by gender, age, and BMI. Subject and methods Using data from 376,806 participants aged 40-69 years in the UK Biobank, we conducted a multivariate linear regression to estimate the association between electronic device use and health status. Electronics use was categorized as TV watching, computer use, computer gaming, and mobile phone use, and health status included self-rated health (SRH), multisite chronic pain (MCP), and total physical activity (TPA). Interaction terms were utilized to assess whether the above associations were modified by BMI, gender, and age. Further stratified analysis was performed to explore the role of gender, age, and BMI. Results Higher levels of TV watching (BSRH = 0.056, BMCP = 0.044, BTPA= -1.795), computer use (BSRH = 0.007, BTPA= -3.469), and computer gaming (BSRH = 0.055, BMCP = 0.058, BTPA= -6.076) were consistently associated with poorer health status (all P < 0.05). Contrastingly, earlier exposure to mobile phones (BSRH = -0.048, BTPA= 0.933, BMCP = 0.056) was inconsistent with health (all P < 0.05). Additionally, BMI (Bcomputer use-SRH= 0.0026, Bphone-SRH= 0.0049, BTV-MCP= 0.0031, and BTV-TPA= -0.0584) exacerbated the negative effects of electronics use, and male (Bphone-SRH = -0.0414, Bphone-MCP = -0.0537, Bphone-TPA= 2.8873) were healthier with earlier exposure to mobile phones (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the adverse health effects associated with watching TV, computer use, and computer gaming were consistent and were moderated by BMI, gender, and age, which advances a comprehensive understanding of the association between multiple types of electronic devices and health status, and provides new perspectives for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-023-01886-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Wei
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan He
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sirong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yan Ta West Road, Shaanxi 710061 Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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Moore D, Morrell JS. Do dietary patterns differ with video game usage in college men? JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35997702 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To assess differences in dietary quality among college men reporting high, moderate, and non-video game usage. Participants: College men aged 18-24. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected between 2012 and 2020. Participants (n = 1259) were categorized according to self-reported video game usage: non-users (NVG), <1 h/day (MVG), and ≥1 h/day (HVG). ANCOVA identified group differences in nutrient intake from 3-day food records. Results: College men reported 30% NVG, 39% MVG, and 31% HVG. Higher saturated fat (30.2 ± 0.4 g and 30.1 ± 0.3 g, vs. 28.5 ± 0.4 g, p < .01, p < .01) and lower fruit/vegetable intake (3.00 ± 0.1 cups and 2.91 ± 0.1 cups, vs. 3.45 ± 0.1 cups, p < .00, p < .00) was observed in HVG and MVG vs. NVG. Higher discretionary calories (750 ± 13 kcals, vs. 686 ± 13 kcals, p < .00) in HVG and sodium (3922 ± 44 mg, vs. 3860 ± 50 mg, p < .02) in MVG were reported vs. NVG. Conclusion: Video game usage was associated with higher saturated fat, sodium, discretionary calories, and lower F/V intake in college men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Moore
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jesse Stabile Morrell
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Wells JCK, Michael P, Fewtrell MS, Siervo M, Cortina‐Borja M. Fright but not fight‐or‐flight: Violent video games elevated stress markers, but did not impact muscle function, memory recall or food intake, in a randomized trial in healthy young men. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9546372 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Regular video game playing has been linked with obesity, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Drawing on evolutionary life history theory, we hypothesized that playing violent video games, through activating the stress response, might increase the immediate demand for fuel by muscle and brain tissue, resulting in elevated appetite and food consumption. Methods We randomized 71 young adult men to play video games, involving either violent content or nonviolent puzzle‐solving, for 1 h. Over this period, we measured stress markers (blood pressure [BP], heart rate, visual‐analogue scale [VAS] self‐ratings), muscle function (handgrip strength) and cognitive function (memory recall test). Appetite was assessed by VAS, and by food intake using a test‐meal after the intervention. Linear mixed‐effects models were fitted to assess group effects and group:time effects. Results During the intervention, the violent video game group showed elevated systolic BP (∆ = 4.7 mm Hg, 95% CI 1.0, 8.4) and reported feeling more alert but less calm or happy. They showed no difference in grip strength or memory recall. They reported lower feelings of “fullness” but consumed similar food‐energy during the test‐meal. Conclusions Although playing a video game with violent content elevated physiological and perceived stress markers compared with a nonviolent game, this was not associated with markers of altered fuel distribution toward two tissues (muscle and brain) that contribute to the “fight‐or‐flight” response. Rather than more energy being allocated to the brain overall, energy may have been reallocated within the brain. This may explain why there was no compensatory increase in energy intake in the violent video game group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK
| | - Panos Michael
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK
| | - Mary S. Fewtrell
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham UK
| | - Mario Cortina‐Borja
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health London UK
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Kracht CL, Wilburn JG, Broyles ST, Katzmarzyk PT, Staiano AE. Association of Night-Time Screen-Viewing with Adolescents' Diet, Sleep, Weight Status, and Adiposity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020954. [PMID: 35055781 PMCID: PMC8775933 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Night-time screen-viewing (SV) contributes to inadequate sleep and poor diet, and subsequently excess weight. Adolescents may use many devices at night, which can provide additional night-time SV. Purpose: To identify night-time SV patterns, and describe differences in diet, sleep, weight status, and adiposity between patterns in a cross-sectional and longitudinal manner. Methods: Adolescents (10–16 y) reported devices they viewed at night and completed food recalls. Accelerometry, anthropometrics, and imaging were conducted to measure sleep, weight status, and adiposity, respectively. Latent class analysis was performed to identify night-time SV clusters. Linear regression analysis was used to examine associations between clusters with diet, sleep, weight status, and adiposity. Results: Amongst 273 adolescents (12.5 ± 1.9 y, 54% female, 59% White), four clusters were identified: no SV (36%), primarily cellphone (32%), TV and portable devices (TV+PDs, 17%), and multiple PDs (17%). Most differences in sleep and adiposity were attenuated after adjustment for covariates. The TV+PDs cluster had a higher waist circumference than the no SV cluster in cross-sectional analysis. In longitudinal analysis, the primarily cellphone cluster had less change in waist circumference compared to the no SV cluster. Conclusions: Directing efforts towards reducing night-time SV, especially TV and PDs, may promote healthy development.
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Nagata JM, Iyer P, Chu J, Baker FC, Gabriel KP, Garber AK, Murray SB, Bibbins-Domingo K, Ganson KT. Contemporary screen time usage among children 9-10-years-old is associated with higher body mass index percentile at 1-year follow-up: A prospective cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12827. [PMID: 34180585 PMCID: PMC10044498 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a paucity of prospective research exploring the relationship among contemporary screen time modalities (e.g., video streaming, video chatting, texting and social networking) and body mass index (BMI) percentile. The objective of this study was to determine the prospective associations between screen time behaviours in a large and demographically diverse population-based cohort of 9-10-year-old children and BMI percentile at 1-year follow-up. METHODS We analyzed prospective cohort data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 11 066). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate associations between baseline screen time behaviours (exposure) and BMI percentile at 1-year follow-up, adjusting for race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, depression, binge-eating disorder and baseline BMI percentile. RESULTS Each additional hour of total screen time per day was prospectively associated with a 0.22 higher BMI percentile at 1-year follow-up (95% CI 0.10-0.34) after adjusting for covariates. When examining specific screen time behaviours, each additional hour of texting (B = 0.92, 95% CI 0.29-1.55), video chat (B = 0.72, 95% CI 0.09-1.36) and video games (B = 0.42, 95% CI 0.06-0.78) was significantly prospectively associated with higher BMI percentile. CONCLUSIONS Screen time is prospectively associated with a higher BMI percentile 1 year later among children 9-10 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Puja Iyer
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Chu
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrea K Garber
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Park SH, Park H, Faith M. Body Weight Perception and Health-Related Behaviors Among U.S. Adolescents: Mediating Effects of Body Weight Control Behaviors. J Sch Nurs 2021; 38:397-409. [PMID: 33759617 DOI: 10.1177/10598405211003800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined mediating effects of body weight control behaviors in the relationship between body weight perception and health-related behaviors among 11,458 U.S. adolescents from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey. Parallel multiple mediation analysis was performed for the secondary data analysis. Nearly one third of adolescents (32.5%) had overweight or obesity; one quarter (25.0%) perceived themselves as slightly overweight and 5.1% thought they were very overweight. More girls (58.6%) had tried to lose weight than boys (32.3%), while boys were more physically active than girls. Healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors significantly mediated the relationship between adolescents' body weight perception and health-related behaviors (physical activity and screen time). Teachers and parents should help adolescents have accurate weight perception and utilize reliable and healthy weight control strategies. Future studies should consider the intercorrelated relationships among adolescents' perceptions and behaviors regarding weight to provide successful weight control intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Park
- College of Nursing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Hanjong Park
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myles Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo-The State University of New York, NY, USA
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Mougharbel F, Valois DD, Lamb M, Buchholz A, Obeid N, Flament M, Goldfield GS. Mediating role of disordered eating in the relationship between screen time and BMI in adolescents: longitudinal findings from the Research on Eating and Adolescent Lifestyles (REAL) study. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3336-3345. [PMID: 32787984 PMCID: PMC10200635 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002000049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether the duration and type of screen time (ST) (TV viewing, recreational computer use, video gaming) is longitudinally associated with z-BMI and if these relationships are mediated by disordered eating (emotional, restrained). DESIGN At baseline, participants were n 1197 (T1; 60 % female) adolescents (mean age = 13·51 years) who completed surveys over 2 years. ST was assessed by a self-reported measure created by the investigative team, while emotional and restrained eating was measured by the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEB-Q). Height and weight were objectively measured to quantify z-BMI. SETTING Thirty-one public and two private schools from the region of Ottawa, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Students in grades 7-12. RESULTS Parallel multiple mediation analyses revealed that more time spent watching TV at baseline is associated with higher z-BMI at T3 (total effect; B = 0·19, se = 0·07, P = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·34), but no relationships were observed for total ST exposure or other types of ST and z-BMI. Disordered eating did not mediate the positive association between baseline TV viewing and z-BMI at T3. CONCLUSIONS TV viewing was longitudinally associated with higher z-BMI in a community-based sample of adolescents, but disordered eating behaviours did not mediate this relationship. However, other non-pathological eating behaviours may mediate the association between ST and obesity and warrant further investigation. Finding suggests that targeting reduction in youth's TV viewing may be an effective component in the prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mougharbel
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONK1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Darcie D Valois
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Lamb
- Carleton University Department of Psychology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Centre for Healthy Active Living, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Obeid
- Eating Disorders Program, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Martine Flament
- The Institute for Mental Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ONK1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine associations between video game play and obesity in children. RECENT FINDINGS Based on a scoping review of 26 studies (25 cross-sectional; 1 longitudinal) published in 2013-2018, 14 studies (53%) reported no association between video game play and obesity, and 12 studies reported positive associations. In a review of 8 systematic reviews, there was preliminary evidence on the effectiveness of exergame (physically active) play for weight reduction and to attenuate weight gain but little indication that interventions effectively reduced video game play or general screen time. This review found ambiguous evidence on the extent to which video game play is or is not significantly associated with obesity in children and preliminary evidence of exergame play as a tool for weight reduction and attenuation of weight gain. Several gaps existed in understanding the relationship between video game play and obesity, and prospective and interventional trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Joseph
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Amanda E Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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Mayne SL, Virudachalam S, Fiks AG. Clustering of unhealthy behaviors in a nationally representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents. Prev Med 2020; 130:105892. [PMID: 31715216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet, low physical activity, sedentary behavior and smoking are modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases that often develop early in life. An improved understanding of how unhealthy behaviors co-occur within individual children across childhood and adolescence could inform the development of more effective prevention approaches. Using data from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we calculated weighted prevalence of five unhealthy behaviors - excessive screen time, poor diet quality, low physical activity, fast food consumption, and smoking (adolescents only) - alone and in combination among U.S. children and adolescents, stratified by age group (2-5, 6-11, 12-15, and 16-19 years). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate associations between health behavior clustering (≥2 unhealthy behaviors) and sociodemographic characteristics by age group. Among 7714 children and adolescents, the most prevalent behaviors were excessive screen time and poor diet quality. Unhealthy behavior clustering increased significantly with age (from 29.0% for ages 2-5 to 73.9% for ages 16-19 years, p-trend: <0.0001). The most common health behavior combination was excessive screen time and poor diet (from 14.4% prevalence for ages 2-5 to 45.3% for ages 16-19 years). Smoking prevalence was low, but 97% of smokers had ≥1 other unhealthy behavior. Unhealthy behavior clustering was significantly more prevalent among black than white children (ages 2-5 and 6-11) and less prevalent among Hispanic older adolescents (age 16-19). Associations with household characteristics varied by age group. These results provide a population-level understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors co-occur in U.S. children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- PolicyLab and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pediatrics and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Senbagam Virudachalam
- PolicyLab and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pediatrics and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Alexander G Fiks
- PolicyLab and the Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Pediatrics and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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方 乐, 许 晓, 林 晓, 陈 燚, 郑 馥, 贝 燕, 张 璐, 张 斌. [Association of mobile phone overuse with sleep disorder and unhealthy eating behaviors in college students of a medical university in Guangzhou]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:1500-1505. [PMID: 31907144 PMCID: PMC6942992 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.12.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of mobile phone use with sleep disorder and unhealthy eating behavior among college students of a medical university in Guangzhou. METHODS Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised 21 Item (TFEQ-R21) were used to survey 2122 undergraduates of the medical university. One-sample t test, One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Age, body mass index (BMI), phone use before sleep, phone use frequency, sleep quality (assessed by total PSQI score) and the dimension scores of TFEQ-R21 for uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraint, and emotional eating were all significantly correlated with the total score of MPIQ (P < 0.05). Phone use before sleep, high frequency of mobile phone use, poor sleep quality and emotional eating were associated with high MPIQ scores, while lower cognitive restraint and emotional eating tendency were correlated with lower scores of MPIQ. Bivariate analysis revealed that age (r=0.088, P < 0.001), BMI (r=0.055, P < 0.05), PSQI scores (r=0.204, P < 0.001), TFEQ-UE scores (r=0.199, P < 0.001), TFEQ-CR scores (r=-0.076, P < 0.001), TFEQ-EE scores (r=0.170, P < 0.001), phone use before sleep (r=0.429, P < 0.001), and phone use frequency (r=0.316, P < 0.001) were all significantly correlated with MPIQ scores; multiple linear regression analysis showed that model 4 incorporating the scores of TFEQ-UE, TFEQ-CR, and TFEQ-EE explained up to 21.8% of the main effect (adjusted R2= 21.5%). CONCLUSIONS Mobile phone overuse is associated with poor sleep quality and unhealthy eating behaviors, and education and interventions for mobile phone use is essential among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- 乐琴 方
- 南方医科大学南方医院精神心理科,广东 广州 510515Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓珩 许
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 晓敏 林
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 燚林 陈
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 馥盈 郑
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 燕柔 贝
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 璐 张
- 南方医科大学,广东 广州 510515Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 斌 张
- 南方医科大学南方医院精神心理科,广东 广州 510515Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Kracht CL, Chaput JP, Martin CK, Champagne CM, Katzmarzyk PT, Staiano AE. Associations of Sleep with Food Cravings, Diet, and Obesity in Adolescence. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122899. [PMID: 31801259 PMCID: PMC6950738 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep and dietary intake/quality can contribute to excess weight gain, but food cravings may influence these relationships. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of adolescents’ sleep characteristics with dietary intake/quality and obesity and whether food cravings mediated these relationships. Methods: Sleep measures were calculated based on 24-h accelerometry, and height and weight were directly measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) z-scores. Food cravings were assessed by the Food Craving Inventory (FCI). Dietary intake and quality were calculated based on dietary recalls. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the associations among sleep, food cravings, dietary intake/quality, and obesity, adjusting for confounders. Results: In total, 256 adolescents (ages 10–16 years) had complete data; 42% were non-White and 45% were boys. Sleep efficiency was inversely associated with sweet cravings and FCI-28. Sleep duration, meeting the sleep duration guidelines, and fruit/vegetable cravings were each positively associated with dietary quality. Sleep duration was negatively associated with BMI z-score. Mediation models were not performed as no sleep parameter was associated with both cravings and dietary intake/quality or BMI z-score. Conclusions: Associations existed among poor sleep, quantity and quality, with more frequent food cravings and worse dietary quality. Sleep may underlie adolescent obesogenic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Kracht
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.L.K.); (C.K.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada;
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.L.K.); (C.K.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.L.K.); (C.K.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.L.K.); (C.K.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Amanda E. Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.L.K.); (C.K.M.); (C.M.C.); (P.T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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The association between excessive screen-time behaviors and insufficient sleep among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 youth risk behavior surveillance system. Psychiatry Res 2019; 281:112586. [PMID: 31629305 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although studies have examined the association between television viewing and poor sleep quality, few studies have considered the association between excessive screen-time behaviors and insufficient sleep among adolescents drawing on a large nationally representative sample. The objective of this study was to examine the association between excessive screen-time behaviors and insufficient sleep among adolescents. Data for this study came from the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. A sample of 14,603 adolescents aged 14-18 years (51.5% female) was analyzed using logistic regression with insufficient sleep as the outcome variable and excessive screen-time behaviors as the main explanatory variable. Of the 14,603 adolescents, almost three out of four (74.8%) had less than 8 h of sleep on an average school night, and about 43% engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors on an average school day. Controlling for all other predictors, odds were 1.34 times higher for adolescents who engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors to have insufficient sleep when compared to adolescents who did not engage in excessive screen-time behaviors (AOR = 1.34, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.22-1.48). School-based behavior interventions that focus on reduction in excessive screen-time and sedentary behaviors might be beneficial in reducing excessive screen-time behaviors and consequently improve sleep quality among adolescents.
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14
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Spence C, Mancini M, Huisman G. Digital Commensality: Eating and Drinking in the Company of Technology. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2252. [PMID: 31649587 PMCID: PMC6794350 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensality is a key aspect of social dining. However, previous research has identified a number of pros and cons associated with the incorporation of digital technology into eating and drinking episodes. For instance, those who are distracted by digital technology may eat/drink more (that is, they may overconsume) as a result of their failure to attend to the food-related sensations that are thought to cue the termination of eating. Similarly, it has often been suggested that the use of mobile devices at mealtimes can disrupt the more commensal aspects of dining/drinking (at least among those who are physically present together). At the same time, however, looking to the future, it seems clear that digital technologies also hold the promise of delivering opportunities for enhanced multisensory experiential dining. For instance, they might be used to match the auditory, visual, or audiovisual entertainment to the eating/drinking episode (e.g., think only about watching a Bollywood movie while eating a home-delivery Indian meal, say). Indeed, given the growing societal problems associated with people dining by themselves, there are a number of routes by which digital technologies may increasingly help to connect the solo diner with physically co-located, remote, or even virtual dining partners. In this review of the literature, our focus is specifically on the role of technology in inhibiting/facilitating the more pleasurable social aspects of dining, what one might call "digital commensality." The focus is primarily on Westernized adults with reasonable access to, and familiarity with, digital technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Mancini
- School of Computer Science and IT, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gijs Huisman
- Digital Society School, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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15
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An examination of how age of onset for alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco are associated with physical activity, screen time and BMI as students are preparing to graduate from high school. Prev Med Rep 2019; 15:100956. [PMID: 31417843 PMCID: PMC6692055 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In this study we examined the co-occurrence of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco among a large cohort of grade 12 students in Canada, and then explored if the age of initiation of these substances was associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time, and BMI. Methods This cross-sectional study used student-level data from grade 12 students in years 1 to 5 (2012–2016) of the COMPASS study. Random intercept linear regression models were used to examine the impact of age of initiation of alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use on student average daily physical activity, daily screen time and BMI. Results Twenty-eight percent of students had only tried one substance with alcohol being the most reported single substance used (25%). The most common co-occurrence was students reporting having tried all three substances (27%). Nineteen percent of students reported no substance use by grade 12. Younger age of first use of alcohol was associated with increased MVPA in grade 12. Earlier initiation of cannabis and tobacco were associated with increased screen time in grade 12. Age of first use of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco were not associated with BMI in grade 12. Conclusion While no specific cut-off age was identified this study indicates that for every year tobacco and cannabis use are delayed among children, there are subsequent reductions to screen time in grade 12. Early initiation of alcohol was associated with increased MVPA in grade 12. Early initiation of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco were not associated with BMI in grade 12. Less than 1 in 5 students reported no substance use by grade 12. 75% of students had tried alcohol by the end of high school. Initiating cannabis and tobacco earlier was associated with increased screen time. Age of first use of all substances not associated with BMI in grade 12. Initiating alcohol use at a younger age was associated with more MVPA in grade 12.
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16
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Gheller BJF, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Welch JM, Rossiter MD, Luhovyy B, Brett NR, Bellissimo N. Effect of video game playing and a glucose preload on subjective appetite, subjective emotions, and food intake in overweight and obese boys. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:248-254. [PMID: 30096245 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Video game playing (VGP) is associated with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). VGP and caloric preloads in the pre-meal environment influence short-term food intake (FI) in healthy-weight children. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of pre-meal VGP and a glucose preload on subjective emotions, subjective appetite, and FI in boys with OW/OB. On 4 separate mornings, boys with OW/OB (n = 22; mean ± SD: age = 11.9 ± 1.6 years; body mass index percentile = 94.3 ± 3.9) participated in 4 test conditions. Two hours after a standardized breakfast, boys consumed equally sweetened preloads (250 mL) of sucralose (0 kcal) or glucose (200 kcal), with or without 30 min of subsequent VGP. Immediately after each test condition, FI was evaluated during an ad libitum pizza meal. Subjective appetite was measured at 0 (baseline), 15, and 30 min. Subjective emotions (aggression, anger, excitement, disappointment, happiness, upset, and frustration) were measured at 0 and 30 min. VGP did not affect FI, but the glucose preload decreased FI compared with the sucralose control (Δ = -103 ± 48 kcal, p < 0.01). However, cumulative FI (preload kcal + meal kcal) was 9% higher after the glucose preload (p < 0.01). Subjective appetite increased with time (p < 0.05) but was not influenced by preload or VGP. Frustration was the only subjective emotion that increased following VGP (p < 0.01). A glucose preload, but not VGP, suppressed FI in boys with OW/OB, suggesting a primary role of physiological factors in short-term FI regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J F Gheller
- a Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | | | - Jo M Welch
- c Division of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Melissa D Rossiter
- d Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Bohdan Luhovyy
- a Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - Neil R Brett
- e School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Nick Bellissimo
- e School of Nutrition, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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17
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Tabak RG, Morshed AB, Schwarz CD, Haire-Joshu D. Impact of a Healthy Weight Intervention Embedded Within a National Home Visiting Program on the Home Food Environment. Front Public Health 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 29998092 PMCID: PMC6028746 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine whether a lifestyle intervention embedded within Parents as Teachers (PAT), a national child development and parenting home visiting program, helped families make food-related home environment changes. Design: Secondary data analysis of a stratified randomized pragmatic trial. (Trial Registration: This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01567033). Setting: Participant homes in St. Louis, Missouri. Subjects: Women (n = 179 with pre-post data, of 230 with baseline) participating in standard PAT, with overweight or obesity, and at least one preschool child with BMI percentile ≥60%. Intervention: PAT + Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH), embedded elements of the Diabetes Prevention Program within the standard PAT curriculum. PAT + HEALTH addressed specific behaviors that impact caloric intake (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages), focusing on behavioral and environmental strategies. Consistent with PAT practice, the frequency, number, and focus (i.e., time spent on intervention components) of home visits were determined by the family's needs; dose structure was flexible [on average intervention: 23 (SD = 9), usual care: 13 (SD = 6) visits]. Measures: Food availability/accessibility and distractions in the home were assessed with items drawn largely from the HomeSTEAD Survey. Analysis: Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to test equality of changes between baseline and 24 months in the intervention and usual care groups. Results: The only significant difference in the pattern of change between usual care and intervention was soda availability/accessibility (p = 0.013). Conclusion: This embedded intervention successfully reduced availability/accessibility of sugar-sweetened beverages in the home. However, given the limited impact on other food-related home environment factors, future interventions could seek to more effectively intervene on all aspects of the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Tabak
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,The Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alexandra B Morshed
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.,The Prevention Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Cynthia D Schwarz
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Debra Haire-Joshu
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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