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Salzer EB, Meireles JFF, Kirk E, Preston CEJ, Vasconcelos E Sá D, Neves CM. Body understanding measure for pregnancy scale (BUMPs): Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties among Brazilian pregnant women. Body Image 2024; 49:101689. [PMID: 38522365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The Body Understanding Measure for Pregnancy Scale (BUMPs) is a scale developed and validated for British pregnant women to assess body satisfaction during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and verify the psychometric properties of BUMPs for Brazilian adult pregnant women. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed using translation, back-translation, expert committee, expert analysis, and pre-testing, which showed easy comprehension by pregnant women. Psychometric analyses were evaluated in a sample of 618 pregnant women (31.08 ± 4.94 years old). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in 19 items and three factors, with satisfactory fit indices. BUMPs presented an invariant measurement across white vs. nonwhite women and across the three gestational trimesters. BUMPs showed good indicators of convergent, internal consistency, and test-retest reproducibility validity. It was concluded that the Brazilian version of BUMPs has adequate psychometric properties for Brazilian pregnant women, being an excellent instrument for analyzing body satisfaction in this population, facilitating additional investigations into these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Borba Salzer
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Clara Mockdece Neves
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
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2
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Olabisi OI, Ogunmodede E, Ojo S, Ilori O, Esan DT. Body image perception and social support as predictors of psychological distress among third trimester pregnant women in Nigeria. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:298. [PMID: 38649873 PMCID: PMC11034077 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image perception and social support during pregnancy can impact the psychological distress levels experienced by pregnant women. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between various components of social support and body image perception on psychological distress levels among pregnant women in their third trimester in Nigeria. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among 246 pregnant women who were in the third trimester and attending selected health care facilities in Ogbomoso, a semiurban city in Oyo State, Nigeria. Body image perception, social support, and psychological distress scales were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed and summarized using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA and multiple regression), with significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that 44% of the variation in psychological distress among pregnant women was explained by the background variables, marital status, body image perception, appraisal support, tangible support, belonging support, interaction between body image perception and appraisal support, belong support and tangible support. CONCLUSION Intervention programs focusing on bolstering tangible support, belonging support and appraisal support are recommended at reducing the psychological distress due to body image perception among pregnant women at third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Isaiah Olabisi
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
| | - Eunice Ogunmodede
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Simeon Ojo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Ilori
- Department of Medico-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Deborah T Esan
- Department of Community Health/Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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Tayhan F, Doğan G, Yabancı Ayhan N, Sancar C. Assessment of eating disorders and depression in postpartum women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:314-319. [PMID: 38093097 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of eating disorders and orthorexia in postpartum women and examine the relationship with postpartum depression. STUDY DESIGN Included in this study were 227 postpartum women. The Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) was used to determine the risk of eating disorders in the women, followed by the Orthorexia 11 Scale (ORTO-11) to identify orthorexia, and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) to identify postpartum depression. RESULTS 63 of the women (27.8%) exhibited an orthorexic tendency, which was also related to eating disorders and postpartum depression. Each one-point increase in the EAT-26 score led to a decrease of 0.32 points in the ORTO-11 score. Similarly, each one-point increase in the EPDS score caused a reduction of 0.18 points in the ORTO-11 score. The ORTO-11 score increased by 0.26 points per each live birth. CONCLUSION An obsessive focus on healthful nutrition may result in the impairment of health and numerous adverse psychological and physiological outcomes in the future. Healthy eating habits should be maintained to improve the quality of life without causing an obsession with healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Tayhan
- Çankırı Karatekin University, Health Science Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Çankırı, Türkiye.
| | - Gökcen Doğan
- Lokman Hekim University, Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Nurcan Yabancı Ayhan
- Ankara University, Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Sancar
- Izmir Private ATA Sağlık Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Izmir, Türkiye
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Wang Q, Lin J, Zheng Q, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang K, Lin R, Lin R. Validation and psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the prenatal body image questionnaire. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:102. [PMID: 38302902 PMCID: PMC10835852 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06281-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body image during pregnancy potentially affects both short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including pregnancy mood, postpartum weight recovery, and the quality of mother-child interactions. However, research on the impact of body changes during pregnancy in the Chinese population is scarce. A comprehensive, practical, and reliable tool for assessing pregnant women is needed to detect, intervene in, and implement the reduction of physical dissatisfaction risk. This study translated the Prenatal Body Image Questionnaire (PBIQ) into the Chinese version (PBIQ-C) to assess the body image of pregnant women and evaluated its reliability and validity. METHODS An improved Brislin translation model was used for the translation. A panel of experts determined the content validity. A convenience sample of 429 pregnant women was chosen from three third-class hospitals in different regions of Fujian Province, China. Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha were employed to evaluate structural validity and reliability. RESULTS The final PBIQ-C had five dimensions with 21 items. Exploratory factor analysis obtained a five-factor solution, which accounted for a total of 60.34%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the five-factor model also reached a satisfactory model fit after modifying: The Comparative Fit Index was 0.93, and the Tucker-Lewis Index was 0.92; the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.079. The content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.63 ~ 1.00. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95 for the total scale, and the test-retest reliability was 0.80. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that the PBIQ-C is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing women's body image during pregnancy, which helps in the early identification of body dissatisfaction during pregnancy and enables the early prevention of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosong Wang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Jingjing Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Qirong Zheng
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Liping Kang
- Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, China
| | - Xueling Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Rong Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, China.
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Spinoni M, Singh Solorzano C, Grano C. A prospective study on body image disturbances during pregnancy and postpartum: the role of cognitive reappraisal. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1200819. [PMID: 37621944 PMCID: PMC10444978 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, body size rapidly modifies over a relatively short period. Literature emphasizes the need to identify the factors that influence body image during peripartum as the extent of women's adaptation to these changes has significant repercussions on both mother's and newborn's health. Emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal) were linked to body image in the general and clinical population, but no studies were conducted in the peripartum. The present study aims to investigate the longitudinal impact of prepartum body image disturbances on postpartum body image disturbances and to evaluate the mediational role of emotional regulation strategies. Methods A total of 133 pregnant women completed a three-phase longitudinal study. Women answered online questionnaires during the second (T1) and the third (T2) trimesters of pregnancy, and at about 6 months postpartum (T3). Results Findings indicated that body image disturbances at T1 were a significant predictor of body image disturbances in the postpartum (1 year after the first assessment). Moreover, cognitive reappraisal measured at T2 partially mediated this relationship: body image disturbances in the second trimester of pregnancy were linked to less use of cognitive reappraisal in the third trimester of pregnancy, and this, in turn, was associated with worse body image disturbances at 6 months after birth. Conclusion Findings of this longitudinal study highlight the importance of assessing body image disturbances during pregnancy to early identify women at risk, and suggest cognitive reappraisal as a possible target intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caterina Grano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Via dei Marsi, Rome, Italy
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Laifer LM, Maras OR, Sáez G, Gervais SJ, Brock RL. Self-objectification during the perinatal period: The role of body surveillance in maternal and infant wellbeing. SEX ROLES 2023; 88:459-473. [PMID: 37206990 PMCID: PMC10191413 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-023-01360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique time during which women's bodies undergo significant physical changes (e.g., expanding belly, larger breasts, weight gain) that can elicit increased objectification. Experiences of objectification set the stage for women to view themselves as sexual objects (i.e., self-objectification) and is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Although women may experience heightened self-objectification and behavioral consequences (such as body surveillance) due to the objectification of pregnant bodies in Western cultures, there are remarkably few studies examining objectification theory among women during the perinatal period. The present study investigated the impact of body surveillance, a consequence of self-objectification, on maternal mental health, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional outcomes in a sample of 159 women navigating pregnancy and postpartum. Utilizing a serial mediation model, we found that mothers who endorsed higher levels of body surveillance during pregnancy reported more depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction, which were associated with greater impairments in mother-infant bonding following childbirth and more infant socioemotional dysfunction at 1-year postpartum. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms emerged as a unique mechanism through which body surveillance predicted bonding impairments and subsequent infant outcomes. Results highlight the critical need for early intervention efforts that not only target general depression, but also promote body functionality and acceptance over the Western "thin ideal" of attractiveness among expecting mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Laifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Olivia R. Maras
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gemma Sáez
- Department of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sarah J. Gervais
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Brock
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Hill IF, Angrish K, Nutter S, Ramos-Salas X, Minhas H, Nagpal TS. Exploring body dissatisfaction in pregnancy and the association with gestational weight gain, obesity, and weight stigma. Midwifery 2023; 119:103627. [PMID: 36804829 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body dissatisfaction in pregnancy has been associated with negative psychological maternal outcomes, including increased risk of postpartum depression. This study aimed to explore weight-related factors that influence body dissatisfaction in pregnancy, including gestational weight gain (GWG), weight stigma, obesity, and weight loss attempts before pregnancy. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey administered via Qualtrics. PARTICIPANTS ≥12 weeks pregnant, ≥18 years of age, having a singleton pregnancy and residing in Canada. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS A battery of questionnaires were completed, including the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale (BIPS) sub-scale. The BIPS scores were compared based on experiences of weight stigma in pregnancy, perception towards their GWG, weight loss attempts before pregnancy, obesity, and GWG category classified as excessive or not referring to Institute of Medicine (2009) guidelines. Significant differences were entered into a linear regression model with BIPS scores as the dependent variable. Significance was accepted as p<0.05. A total of 182 participants completed the survey. There were no differences in BIPS scores based on GWG category (p = 0.160), or obesity (p = 0.230). Poorer BIPS scores were reported by those who felt they had gained 'too much' pregnancy weight than 'appropriate' (p<0.001), and among those who were trying to lose weight before pregnancy compared to those who were not (p = 0.002). Poorer BIPS scores were also reported by individuals who indicated they had experienced weight stigma during pregnancy compared to those who had not (p<0.001). Regression results showed that significant variables were perceptions towards GWG (p = 0.003) and experiencing weight stigma in pregnancy (p = 0.011). KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Perceptions towards GWG and experiencing weight stigma can influence body dissatisfaction in pregnancy. Given the detrimental physical and psychological consequences of body dissatisfaction, effective strategies to reduce prenatal weight stigma are needed, such as training maternal healthcare providers to offer sensitive preconception and prenatal weight counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle F Hill
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Kirina Angrish
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Nutter
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Harneet Minhas
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, ON, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, AB, Canada.
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Laifer LM, Maras OR, Sáez G, Gervais SJ, Brock RL. Self-objectification during the perinatal period: The role of body surveillance in maternal and infant wellbeing. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2714781. [PMID: 36993503 PMCID: PMC10055659 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2714781/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy represents a unique time during which women's bodies undergo significant physical changes (e.g., expanding belly, larger breasts, weight gain) that can elicit increased objectification. Experiences of objectification set the stage for women to view themselves as sexual objects (i.e., self-objectification) and is associated with adverse mental health outcomes. Although women may experience heightened self-objectification and behavioral consequences (such as body surveillance) due to the objectification of pregnant bodies in Western cultures, there are remarkably few studies examining objectification theory among women during the perinatal period. The present study investigated the impact of body surveillance, a consequence of self-objectification, on maternal mental health, mother-infant bonding, and infant socioemotional outcomes in a sample of 159 women navigating pregnancy and postpartum. Utilizing a serial mediation model, we found that mothers who endorsed higher levels of body surveillance during pregnancy reported more depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction, which were associated with greater impairments in mother-infant bonding following childbirth and more infant socioemotional dysfunction at 1-year postpartum. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms emerged as a unique mechanism through which body surveillance predicted bonding impairments and subsequent infant outcomes. Results highlight the critical need for early intervention efforts that not only target general depression, but also promote body functionality and acceptance over the Western "thin ideal" of attractiveness among expecting mothers.
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9
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Salzer EB, Meireles JFF, Toledo AFÂ, de Siqueira MR, Ferreira MEC, Neves CM. Body Image Assessment Tools in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2258. [PMID: 36767624 PMCID: PMC9915266 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a remarkable time and generates several changes in women in a short period. Body image is understood as the mental representation of the body itself, and, although bodily changes are considered healthy, they can impact pregnant women's body image. Problems related to body image during pregnancy can affect the health of the mother and fetus; thus, it is essential for health professionals to detect potential disorders as soon as possible. The objective of this systematic review was to identify instruments for assessing body image in pregnant women, highlighting their main characteristics. To this end, we applied the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to searches in the EMBASE, PubMed, and American Psychological Association databases from 5 January to 10 August 2021. We included studies on adult pregnant women without comorbidities in the validation and adaptation of (sub)scales that analyze components of body image. We excluded studies that considered nonpregnant, adolescent, postpartum, and/or clinical populations, as well as smoking/drug use studies that were not validation studies or did not assess any aspect of body image. We investigated the quality of the studies using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. In all, we examined 13 studies. The results point to a growing concern over body image during pregnancy, as there has been an increase in the number of validation and adaptation studies involving scales for different cultures that scrutinize different constructs. The findings suggest that the listed instruments be used in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Borba Salzer
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Clara Mockdece Neves
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
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10
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Gibson AH, Zaikman Y. The influence of disordered eating and social media's portrayals of pregnancy on young women's attitudes toward pregnancy. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:38. [PMID: 36707828 PMCID: PMC9883907 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the heightened emphasis on physical appearance and the prevalence of social media in young women, they are particularly vulnerable to experiencing negative body image and disordered eating. Therefore, modified social media portrayals of pregnancy could cause young women to have negative attitudes toward a potential pregnancy and subsequently not properly utilize care and resources. The present study examined the influence of disordered eating and modified portrayals of pregnancy on young women's attitudes toward a potential pregnancy and various feelings associated with pregnancy. METHODS The sample consisted of 154 women aged 18-30, who were given the Eating-Attitudes Test-26, randomly shown either modified or unmodified social media portrayals of pregnancy, then given the Attitudes Toward Potential Pregnancy Scale and the Gestational Weight Gain Psychosocial Risk Assessment Tool. RESULTS A series of hierarchal regressions revealed that there were no significant main effects or interactions for young women's attitudes toward potential pregnancy. However, women who viewed modified portrayals of pregnancy had higher self-efficacy, and women with higher levels of disordered eating had lower self-efficacy, more positive attitudes toward gestational weight gain, and lower current body image satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the myriad of different attitudes that young women have toward a potential pregnancy and how these attitudes are influenced by disordered eating and social media. Our findings can be used for educating caregivers and implementing intervention strategies for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hope Gibson
- grid.264759.b0000 0000 9880 7531Department of Psychology and Sociology, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - Yuliana Zaikman
- grid.264759.b0000 0000 9880 7531Department of Psychology and Sociology, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr., Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
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11
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Linde K, Lehnig F, Nagl M, Stepan H, Kersting A. Course and prediction of body image dissatisfaction during pregnancy: a prospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:719. [PMID: 36127633 PMCID: PMC9487034 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During pregnancy, women`s bodies undergo rapid changes in body weight and body size within a relatively short period of time. Pregnancy may therefore be associated with an increased vulnerability for the development of body image dissatisfaction that has been linked to adverse health outcomes for mother and child. The present study aims to examine changes in body image during pregnancy as well as predictors of body image dissatisfaction. This is the first study using a tailored, multidimensional measure of body image especially developed for the pregnant population. Methods A prospective longitudinal design with a quantitative approach was applied. Healthy pregnant women (N = 222) were assessed using standardized instruments at two time points (T1: 18th-22th week of gestation, T2: 33th-37th week of gestation). The impact of demographic, weight- and health-related, behavioral, and psychological factors assessed at T1 on body image dissatisfaction at T1 and T2 was examined using stepwise linear regression analyses. Results T-tests for paired samples revealed that dissatisfaction with strength-related aspects of body image, dissatisfaction with body parts, and concerns about sexual attractiveness increased significantly from the middle to the end of pregnancy. In contrast, preoccupation with appearance, dissatisfaction with complexion, and prioritization of appearance over function were significantly reduced over time. Stepwise linear regression analyses revealed that factors influencing body image depend on the component of body image investigated. Overall, a low level of self-esteem and a high level of pregnancy-specific worries were risk factors for several components of body image dissatisfaction. Besides these, poor sleep quality, low levels of physical activity, disturbed eating behavior, and higher levels of BMI and weight gain were significant predictors. Conclusions The results highlight the multidimensional nature of body image and show positive as well as negative changes during pregnancy. Overall, modifiable psychological, behavioral, and weight-related factors appear relevant to the extent of body image dissatisfaction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05050-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linde
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Lehnig
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Nagl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anette Kersting
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University Medical Center, IFB AdiposityDiseases, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Gow ML, Jebeile H, Lister NB, Roth H, Skouteris H, Bergmeier H. Content Analysis of #Postpartumbody Images Posted to Instagram. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091802. [PMID: 36141414 PMCID: PMC9498984 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the imagery on social media targeting postpartum women is an important step in determining the utility of Instagram as a potential avenue for targeting public health messages to this group. This study (1) describes the content of images on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody and; (2) compares images from ‘Top’ posts (‘trending’ or ‘popular’) with ‘Recent’ posts. 600 images tagged with #postpartumbody (300 ‘Top’ and 300 ‘Recent’) were systematically captured from Instagram and coded using a predefined framework. Images of women were coded for adiposity, muscularity, pose and attire. Chi-square tests were used to compare ‘Top’ and ‘Recent’ posts. Most (n = 409) images were of a woman who generally had low/average adiposity (91%) and little-to-none/some visible muscle definition (93%). Most women (52%) were posing in a non-specific manner, 5% were posing to accentuate a postpartum body feature and 40% were wearing fitness attire. Compared with ‘Recent’, ‘Top’ posts were less likely to be text-focused (p < 0.001), photos of food (p < 0.001) or linked to a product/program (p < 0.001). Women of lower adiposity are more likely to post images of themselves on Instagram tagged with #postpartumbody than women of higher adiposity, which may reflect increased body pride in this group, but could reduce body satisfaction for some viewers. Conveying health information on Instagram may be necessary to interrupt potentially harmful content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Gow
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Jebeile
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Natalie B. Lister
- Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- The Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Heike Roth
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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13
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Jensen SD, Andreassen P, Knorr S, Rasmussen L, Ovesen P, Kampmann U, Bruun JM. Ambivalence and moral dilemmas in women's lived experiences of obesity and pregnancy: Qualitative insights for maternal lifestyle interventions. Scand J Caring Sci 2021; 36:416-425. [PMID: 34877704 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is a global health concern that is associated with significant effects on both short- and long-term health of both mother and child. However, maternal lifestyle interventions tend to focus solely on diet and physical activity in ways that disembody and disengage the social context in which women live their lives. AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of maternal obesity and delve into how experiences of the body and motherhood affect women's motivation for participating in a postpartum lifestyle intervention. METHOD A qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews based on participant-generated photographs was used to allow the women to openly express their lived experiences of maternal obesity. The study emanated from a gynaecological department of a major Danish hospital, and five pregnant or postpartum women living with obesity participated. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using an Interpretive Phenomenological Approach. RESULTS The analysis identified an overall theme of ambivalence and four subthemes among the participating women. The themes reflected contrasting feelings where the obese body was simultaneously an arena for aesthetic failure, functional success and moral dilemmas. Experiences of weight stigma and moral accusations in healthcare settings further increased the women's sense of ambivalence and challenged their strong desire to lose weight. CONCLUSION This study highlights an ambivalent and vulnerable situation of maternal obesity which makes moral sensitivity towards weight and body concerns crucial to consider in future maternal health interventions. Our data suggest that an emphasis on functionality and capability rather than aesthetics and measured ideals would be useful in providing care and support in postpartum lifestyle interventions for women living with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sissel D Jensen
- Danish National Centre for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sine Knorr
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Louise Rasmussen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Ovesen
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens M Bruun
- Danish National Centre for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Centre Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Carbonneau N, Holding A, Lavigne G, Robitaille J. Feel Good, Eat Better: The Role of Self-Compassion and Body Esteem in Mothers' Healthy Eating Behaviours. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113907. [PMID: 34836162 PMCID: PMC8625178 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mothers’ eating behaviours are important to ensure the health and well-being of themselves and their families. Recent research has pointed to self-compassion, defined as extending kindness to oneself in times of perceived inadequacy or general suffering, as a trait associated with healthy forms of eating, such as intuitive eating, and reduced maladaptive forms of eating, such as emotional eating. However, little is known about the psychological mechanism through which self-compassion relates to healthy eating behaviours. This study examined 100 mothers’ levels of self-compassion, body esteem and eating behaviours. Structural equation modelling revealed that self-compassion was positively associated with diet quality and intuitive eating, while being negatively associated with emotional eating. Moreover, these links occurred, in part, due to higher body esteem. This points to a mechanism through which self-compassion may positively contribute to mothers’ healthy eating behaviours. The implications for eating outcomes and women’s health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Carbonneau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-376-5011 (ext. 3532)
| | - Anne Holding
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Julie Robitaille
- Nutrition, Health and Society (NUTRISS) Research Center, School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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15
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Do Older Women of Reproductive Age Have Better Diet Quality than Younger Women of Reproductive Age? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113830. [PMID: 34836086 PMCID: PMC8625416 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the importance of nutrition for reproductive health, but little is known regarding the diet quality of younger vs. older reproductive aged women, and how their intakes relate to dietary recommendations. The purpose of the study was to examine the diets of younger (19–35 years old) compared to older (35–50 years old) reproductive aged women, and how they align with dietary recommendations. Women aged 19–50 years from the 2011–13 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were included (n = 2323). Dietary intakes were assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall and were compared to (i) Australian Dietary Guidelines; (ii) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution for protein, carbohydrates, and fat; and (iii) Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Regression analyses comparing younger and older women against recommendations were undertaken, with confounders determined a priori. There was no difference between older and younger women in meeting food group recommendations, with 26% of all women meeting recommendations for fruit, and meat and alternatives, and <20% meeting recommendations for vegetables and alternatives, grains, and dairy. Although there was no difference between older and younger women in total DGI score (mean (SE) 75.6 (1.7) vs. 74.5 (2.5), p > 0.05), older women had higher component scores in limiting saturated fat, consuming low-fat milk, and limiting adding salt during cooking. Continued health promotion for women of reproductive age should be a key priority to improve their own health and that of future generations.
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16
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Differential Effects of Intuitive and Disordered Eating on Physical and Psychological Outcomes for Women with Young Children. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:407-414. [PMID: 34655423 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pressure to lose weight can increase the risk of developing disordered eating behaviours, negative body image and depressive symptomatology. Eating intuitively may counteract these negative outcomes. This research examined the unique relationship between intuitive eating and disordered eating on body mass index (BMI), body image and depressive symptoms for women of young children. METHODS A survey of women with a child aged between six and 48 months, included the Intuitive Eating Scale, Eating Attitudes Test-26, Body Shape Questionnaire and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted as an omnibus test to estimate the effect of intuitive and disordered eating on BMI, negative body image and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 419 sample (M age = 32.06), 32% were classified with disordered and 32% with intuitive eating. MANOVA and regression analysis found disordered eating positively associated with depressive symptoms, (β = 0.303) and negative body image (β = 0.318). Intuitive eating was associated with lower depressive symptoms (β = - 0.183) and negative body image (β = - 0.615). Disordered eating (β = - 0.194) and intuitive eating (β = - 0.586) both contributed to lower BMI, with the association stronger for intuitive eating. CONCLUSION The early parenting period involves a high risk for developing disordered eating behaviours. Eating patterns are modifiable factors, illustrating the potential for positive and preventive health outcomes through adopting intuitive eating behaviours. There is an opportunity for healthcare professionals to promote physical and psychological health including for women in the early parenting period.
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17
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Fealy S, Leigh L, Hazelton M, Attia J, Foureur M, Oldmeadow C, Collins CE, Smith R, Hure AJ. Translation of the Weight-Related Behaviours Questionnaire into a Short-Form Psychosocial Assessment Tool for the Detection of Women at Risk of Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189522. [PMID: 34574447 PMCID: PMC8472452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification and measurement of psychosocial factors that are specific to pregnancy and relevant to gestational weight gain is a challenging task. Given the general lack of availability of pregnancy-specific psychosocial assessment instruments, the aim of this study was to develop a short-form psychosocial assessment tool for the detection of women at risk of excessive gestational weight gain with research and clinical practice applications. A staged scale reduction analysis of the weight-related behaviours questionnaire was conducted amongst a sample of 159 Australian pregnant women participating in the Women and Their Children’s Health (WATCH) pregnancy cohort study. Exploratory factor analysis, univariate logistic regression, and item response theory techniques were used to derive the minimum and most predictive questions for inclusion in the short-form assessment tool. Of the total 49 questionnaire items, 11 items, all 4 body image items, n = 4 attitudes towards weight gain, and n = 3 self-efficacy items, were retained as the strongest predictors of excessive gestational weight gain. These within-scale items were highly correlated, exhibiting high item information function value statistics, and were observed to have high probability (p < 0.05) for excessive gestational weight gain, in the univariate analysis. The short-form questionnaire may assist with the development of tailored health promotion interventions to support women psychologically and physiologically to optimise their pregnancy weight gain. Confirmatory factor analysis is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Fealy
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine, and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, 7 Major Innes Road, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia;
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.); (R.S.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Michael Hazelton
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine, and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, 7 Major Innes Road, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia;
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.); (R.S.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Maralyn Foureur
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Hunter New England Health Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
| | - Clare E. Collins
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.); (R.S.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
- Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Alexis J. Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (J.A.); (R.S.); (A.J.H.)
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; (L.L.); (C.O.); (C.E.C.)
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18
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Savard C, Yan E, Plante AS, Bégin C, Robitaille J, Michaud A, Lemieux S, Provencher V, Morisset AS. Positive attitudes toward weight gain in late pregnancy are associated with healthy eating behaviours. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2051-2058. [PMID: 33128720 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study examined the associations between 3rd trimester attitudes toward weight gain and (1) pre-pregnancy BMI, (2) gestational weight gain (GWG) and (3) eating behaviours assessed in the 3rd trimester. METHODS Seventy-nine (79) pregnant women completed the French version of the Pregnancy Weight Gain Attitude Scale (PWGAS), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) in their 3rd trimester. Total GWG was calculated as the difference between the weight recorded before delivery and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. RESULTS Most (55.6%) women gained weight above the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendations, but there was no association between PWGAS scores and total or 3rd trimester GWG. Women with obesity had lower PWGAS total scores compared to women with overweight (3.48 ± 0.6 vs. 3.99 ± 0.3, p = 0.005), indicating more negative attitudes in women with obesity vs. overweight. Higher total PWGAS scores were positively correlated with intuitive eating scores (r = 0.28, p < 0.05), and inversely associated with unfavourable eating behaviours such as dietary restraint (r = - 0.42, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Women with positive attitudes toward weight gain reported healthier eating behaviours in late pregnancy, which remains to be confirmed in prospective studies. Interventions addressing body image issues during pregnancy may positively influence pregnant women's health, including eating behaviours. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, case-control analytic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Savard
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Emmanuelle Yan
- Biology's Formation and Research Unit, Clermont-Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Plante
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Julie Robitaille
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada
| | - Andréanne Michaud
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Véronique Provencher
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Morisset
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, NUTRISS Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU of Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Canada.
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19
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Fealy S, Attia J, Leigh L, Oldmeadow C, Hazelton M, Foureur M, Collins CE, Smith R, Hure A. Demographic and social-cognitive factors associated with gestational weight gain in an Australian pregnancy cohort. Eat Behav 2020; 39:101430. [PMID: 32942238 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify and describe the demographic and social-cognitive factors associated with excessive gestational weight gain using the Weight-Related Behaviours Questionnaire, within an Australian pregnancy cohort. BACKGROUND Supporting women to achieve optimal weight gain in pregnancy is complex. Social-cognitive factors are recognised antecedents to, and mediators of, weight related behaviour change. Less is known about their role during pregnancy. METHODS 159 women enrolled in a pregnancy cohort study completed the Weight-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (WRBQ) at approximately 19 weeks gestation, and total gestational weight gain was later measured at 36 weeks. Summary scores were reported descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test demographic (maternal age, pre pregnancy body mass index, parity, smoking status, marital status, education) and social-cognitive factors (weight locus of control, self- efficacy, attitudes towards weight gain, body image, feelings about motherhood, career orientation) as predictors of excessive gestational weight gain. FINDINGS Maternal age was the sole demographic factor predictive of excessive gestational weight gain. Older participants (34-41 yrs) were less likely to gain excessive weight when compare to younger participants (18-24 yrs): Odds Ratio 0.20, 95% Confidence Interval 0.05, 0.82. Body image (measured as personal satisfaction and perception of own weight) was the sole social-cognitive factor associated with excessive gestational weight gain. For every one unit improvement in body image score, there was a 33% decreased odds of excessive gestational weight gain (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53, 0.85). CONCLUSION This study suggests that younger maternal age and lower perceived body image are predictive of excessive gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Fealy
- Charles Sturt University, Faculty of Science, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, 7 Major Innes Road, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Lucy Leigh
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michael Hazelton
- Charles Sturt University, Faculty of Science, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Indigenous Health, 7 Major Innes Road, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444, Australia; University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Maralyn Foureur
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter New England Health Nursing and Midwifery Research Centre, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Ring Road, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Roger Smith
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; University of Newcastle Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- University of Newcastle, Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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20
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Yager Z, Prichard I, Hart L, Damiano SR. Mumbod? A comparison of body image and dietary restraint among women with younger, older, and no children. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:778-789. [PMID: 33111572 PMCID: PMC8855394 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320967422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of significant body, and body image changes for women. Adult women (N = 885) aged 21 to 47 years old completed an online questionnaire. Mothers of young children (0-5 years) had significantly lower levels of body shame, self-objectification, and dietary restraint than women without children, and women with school-aged (6-10 years) children had significantly lower self objectification than women without children, once we controlled for age. BMI predicted body shame more than motherhood status. This research has implications for the development of appropriate body image interventions for adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Hart
- La Trobe University, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Australia
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21
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Green TL, Son YK, Simuzingili M, Mezuk B, Bodas M, Hagiwara N. Pregnancy-Related Weight and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms: Do the Relationships Differ by Race/Ethnicity? J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 30:816-828. [PMID: 33085545 PMCID: PMC10163440 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are significant racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of postpartum depression. Prior research in the general population suggests that weight status is related to depression and that this relationship varies by race/ethnicity. However, few studies have investigated whether race/ethnicity moderates the relationship between pregnancy-related weight and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS). The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between pregnancy-related weight and maternal PPDS overall and by race/ethnicity. Materials and Methods: This study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (n ≈ 6950). Ordinary least-squares and logistic regression was used to examine whether pregnancy-related weight, including preconception weight status and gestational weight gain (GWG), was associated with PPDS measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). Stratified analyses were used to assess whether these relationships varied by race/ethnicity. Results: Preconception obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) was associated with higher levels of PPDS (β = 0.601, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.149-1.053). GWG adequacy was not associated with PPDS. Among non-Hispanic (NH) whites, preconception obesity was positively associated with PPDS (β = 1.016, 95% CI, 0.448-1.584). In contrast, among Hispanics, preconception overweight (25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2) was associated with lower levels of PPDS (β = -0.887, 95% CI, -1.580 to -0.195). There were no statistically significant relationships between pregnancy-related weight and PPDS among NH black or Asian women, but both groups were significantly more likely than NH whites to report PPDS. Conclusion: Whether and how pregnancy-related weight is associated with PPDS varies by race/ethnicity. Addressing preconception weight could help reduce overall levels of PPDS among NH whites but would likely fail to mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in postpartum mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany L Green
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yena K Son
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Muloongo Simuzingili
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Briana Mezuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mandar Bodas
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nao Hagiwara
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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22
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Skouteris H, Bergmeier HJ, Berns SD, Betancourt J, Boynton-Jarrett R, Davis MB, Gibbons K, Pérez-Escamilla R, Story M. Reframing the early childhood obesity prevention narrative through an equitable nurturing approach. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 17:e13094. [PMID: 33067918 PMCID: PMC7729646 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High‐quality mother–child interactions during the first 2,000 days, from conception to age 5 years, are considered crucial for preventing obesity development during early life stages. However, mother–child dyads interact within and are influenced by broader socio‐ecological contexts involved in shaping child development outcomes, including nutrition. Hence, the coexistence of both undernutrition and obesity has been noted in inequitable social conditions, with drivers of undernutrition and overnutrition in children sharing common elements, such as poverty and food insecurity. To date, a holistic life‐course approach to childhood obesity prevention that includes an equitable developmental perspective has not emerged. The World Health Organization (WHO) Nurturing Care Framework provides the foundation for reframing the narrative to understand childhood obesity through the lens of an equitable nurturing care approach to child development from a life‐course perspective. In this perspective, we outline our rationale for reframing the childhood narrative by integrating an equitable nurturing care approach to childhood obesity prevention. Four key elements of reframing the narrative include: (a) extending the focus from the current 1,000 to 2,000 days (conception to 5 years); (b) highlighting the importance of nurturing mutually responsive child‐caregiver connections to age 5; (c) recognition of racism and related stressors, not solely race/ethnicity, as part of adverse child experiences and social determinants of obesity; and (d) addressing equity by codesigning interventions with socially marginalized families and communities. An equitable, asset‐based engagement of families and communities could drive the transformation of policies, systems and social conditions to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Heidi J Bergmeier
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott D Berns
- National Institute for Children's Health Quality, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kay Gibbons
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mary Story
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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