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Dominguez-Viera ME, de Vries Mecheva M, Nguyen T, van den Berg M. Relaxed minds for healthier food choice at school: A field experiment in southern Mexico. Appetite 2024; 200:107529. [PMID: 38801995 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Stress leads to unhealthy food choices since the school-age stage. Yet, there is limited evidence particularly in low- and middle-income countries regarding the impact of stress-reduction strategies on school-age children's food choices. Such aspects were crucial during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which exacerbated psychological distress and unhealthier food choices among children. Two years after the pandemic began, we conducted a field experiment in southern Mexico to assess the impact of stress-reduction strategies on the food choices of over 1400 children aged 9-12. Half of the school-classes in the sample were randomly assigned to a stress reduction strategy namely meditation, which comprised six audios with basic relaxation techniques and intuitive messages to guide food choices. Additionally, all participants received information signalling that an amaranth snack was nutritious (i.e., the healthy snack), which was paired with a chocolate bar (i.e., the unhealthy snack) as part of a snack choice experiment. Students that practiced meditation were slightly more likely to choose the healthy snack than those in the control group, but the effect was not statistically significant. Upon collecting their snack, students had the chance to exchange their original choice for the other snack. Students that meditated were more likely to exchange their originally chosen "unhealthy snack" towards the healthy snack than students in the control group. The meditation program effectively reduced chronic stress among treated children. The effect was larger among students attending schools in lower-income areas. Our study sheds some light on the challenges to translate an improved psychological well-being into healthier food choices at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Dominguez-Viera
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Margarita de Vries Mecheva
- The International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kortenaerkade 12, 2518 AX, Den Haag, Netherlands
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marrit van den Berg
- Development Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Salama M, Balagopal B, Fennoy I, Kumar S. Childhood Obesity, Diabetes. and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3051-3066. [PMID: 37319430 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review aims to briefly summarize the pathophysiology of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children and adolescents. Recent data on efficacy of lifestyle interventions, medications, and metabolic surgery for obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors are also reviewed. We conducted a PubMed search of English-language original and review articles relevant to childhood obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors, and biomarkers in children with an emphasis on recent publications. Childhood obesity arises from an intricate interaction between genetic, physiologic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. The rise in the prevalence of childhood obesity is associated with the development of comorbidities including T2DM and CVD at an early age. A multipronged approach is central to the detection, monitoring, and management of childhood obesity and associated adverse metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Salama
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Babu Balagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA
| | - Ilene Fennoy
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seema Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Bektas İ, Gürkan KP. Investigation of the relationships between mindfulness, emotional eating, weight control self-efficacy, and obesity in adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 73:e381-e387. [PMID: 37827859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was conducted to examine the relationships between mindfulness, emotional eating, weight control self-efficacy, and obesity in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS The research was conducted with 198 adolescents aged 13-18 years in three high schools in the central county of a province in Türkiye. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescents, the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents, and the Weight-Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire for Adolescents-Short Form. In this study, adolescents' height and weight were measured to determine the effects of the study variables on their body mass indexes (BMIs). RESULTS The variables were analyzed according to BMI. The mean age of the adolescents participating in the research was 15.25 ± 1.01 years; 52% were female, and 85% were ninth-grade high school students. Their mean height was 170.33 ± 8.59 cm, and their mean weight was 62.24 ± 12.84 kg. The adolescents' BMI was found to have a low-level, significant negative correlation with their mindfulness, a low-level, significant positive correlation with their emotional eating, and a low-level significant negative correlation with their weight control self-efficacy. Adolescents' mindfulness, emotional eating, and weight control self-efficacy scores significantly predicted their BMI and explained 14.1% of the variance in their BMI levels. CONCLUSIONS Mindfulness, emotional eating, and weight control self-efficacy in adolescents have a facilitating effect on the management of obesity. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Multidimensional programs should be developed that take into account the interaction of parents, children, and the environment, which will pave the way for the development of healthy nutrition behaviors and contribute to the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- İlknur Bektas
- lzmir Bakırcay University Faculty of Health Science, Seyrek, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Pınar Gürkan
- lzmir Bakırcay University Faculty of Health Science, Seyrek, Izmir, Turkey
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Maffeis C, Olivieri F, Valerio G, Verduci E, Licenziati MR, Calcaterra V, Pelizzo G, Salerno M, Staiano A, Bernasconi S, Buganza R, Crinò A, Corciulo N, Corica D, Destro F, Di Bonito P, Di Pietro M, Di Sessa A, deSanctis L, Faienza MF, Filannino G, Fintini D, Fornari E, Franceschi R, Franco F, Franzese A, Giusti LF, Grugni G, Iafusco D, Iughetti L, Lera R, Limauro R, Maguolo A, Mancioppi V, Manco M, Del Giudice EM, Morandi A, Moro B, Mozzillo E, Rabbone I, Peverelli P, Predieri B, Purromuto S, Stagi S, Street ME, Tanas R, Tornese G, Umano GR, Wasniewska M. The treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: consensus position statement of the Italian society of pediatric endocrinology and diabetology, Italian Society of Pediatrics and Italian Society of Pediatric Surgery. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:69. [PMID: 37291604 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This Position Statement updates the different components of the therapy of obesity (lifestyle intervention, drugs, and surgery) in children and adolescents, previously reported in the consensus position statement on pediatric obesity of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Lifestyle intervention is the first step of treatment. In children older than 12 years, pharmacotherapy is the second step, and bariatric surgery is the third one, in selected cases. Novelties are available in the field of the medical treatment of obesity. In particular, new drugs demonstrated their efficacy and safety and have been approved in adolescents. Moreover, several randomized control trials with other drugs are in process and it is likely that some of them will become available in the future. The increase of the portfolio of treatment options for obesity in children and adolescents is promising for a more effective treatment of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maffeis
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Olivieri
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Department of Health Science, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Licenziati
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuro-Endocrine Diseases and Obesity Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Buganza
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Corica
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Destro
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Procolo Di Bonito
- Department of Internal Medicine, S. Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, Naples, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mario Di Pietro
- Pediatric and Neonatal Unit, Hospital of Teramo and Atri, Teramo, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa deSanctis
- Department of Sciences of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionan Area, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Fintini
- Refernce Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Fornari
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Franco
- Pediatric Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria del Friuli Centrale, Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Franzese
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lia Franca Giusti
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Lucca, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Verbania, Italy
| | - Dario Iafusco
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Lera
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Alessandria, Italy
| | | | - Alice Maguolo
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Mancioppi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Melania Manco
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anita Morandi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Moro
- UOSD Diabetology, Complesso Ai Colli, AULSS 6 Euganea, Padua, Italy
| | - Enza Mozzillo
- Department of Traslational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivana Rabbone
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Paola Peverelli
- Department of Pediatrics and Gynecology, Hospital of Belluno, Belluno, Italy
| | - Barbara Predieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of Mother, Children and Adults, Pediatric Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Stagi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Paediatrics, University of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Rita Tanas
- Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology (SIEDP), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tornese
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Wasniewska
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Wang D, Hu Y, Zhou H, Ye Z, Fu J. Translation and Modification of a Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children Assisted by Item Response Theory in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142854. [PMID: 35889811 PMCID: PMC9318944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mindful eating has gained attention in studies on healthy eating. However, measurement of it is scarce, particularly in pediatrics. This study aimed to translate and modify the 12-item Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children (MEQ-C) using techniques based on both classical test theory (ICC) and item response theory (IRT) in Chinese children and adolescents. Of the 426 participants enrolled and randomly grouped, the test (n = 223) and validation (n = 203) subsamples were well-matched in age, gender, body mass index z score (BMIz), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) (p > 0.556). Three items were eliminated due to deviating from the mindful eating concept (content validity index < 0.71) and presenting as an independent dimension in parallel analysis, or yielding a poor distribution (−4.331 < b < −0.111). The final 5-item Mindless Eating and 4-item Awareness subscales were identified with sound Cronbach’s α of 0.802 and 0.779, respectively. The remaining items functioned well (a > 1, −3 < b < 3), and the Mindless Eating subscale was accurate for the low-to-medium range (−2 to 0) of the mindful eating measure. The Awareness one was reliable for the relatively high range (0 to 2). Participants’ mindful eating characteristics should be taken into consideration in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Nursing Department, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China;
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China; (Y.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhihong Ye
- Nursing Department, SirRunrun Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (J.F.)
| | - Junfen Fu
- Endocrinology Department, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Y.); (J.F.)
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