1
|
Liu E, Gerritsen S, Lovell A, Gontijo de Castro T, Wall C. Food neophobia scores at 8 Years and associations with nutrition-related behaviors at home in early life: Findings from a New Zealand contemporary birth cohort. Appetite 2024; 202:107619. [PMID: 39097097 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Food neophobia (FN) reduces nutritional adequacy and variety which poses a significant concern for children's health and well-being We described the FN scores among 8-year-olds and examined its associations with nutrition-related behaviors at 45 months within the Growing Up in New Zealand cohort (n = 4621). FN was estimated using the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS). Mean FNS scores between variable categories were compared using t-tests for independent samples and ANOVA. Associations between FNS scores at 8 years and nutrition-related behaviors at 45-months were examined using multivariate linear regression. The mean (standard deviation) FN score was 46.2 (15.2) with statistically significant differences by sex (boys = 47.6 (15.7), girls = 43.8 (14.2), p=<0.001). For all children, in models adjusted by breastfeeding duration and sociodemographic characteristics: children who sometimes and never/almost never ate the same foods as their parents, scored, on average, 5.8 and 11 points higher in the FNS (versus those who did always/almost always); children who occasionally/never found mealtimes enjoyable scored on average 3.6 points lower in the FNS (versus mostly/quite often); children who always/almost always had the television on during mealtimes scored on average 2.7 higher in the FNS (versus never/almost never). In comparison to children who mostly/quite often had time to talk to others during mealtimes, those who never/occasionally did it scored on average higher points in the FNS overall (1.46 points higher) and within girls (1.73 points higher). These findings support the eating behavior statements in the National Children's Food and Nutrition Guidelines, which emphasize early exposure to food variety, limiting mealtime distractions, and acknowledge that parental role modeling shapes children's nutrition-related behaviors. Early adoption of preventative interventions for reducing FN in early and middle childhood are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Gerritsen
- Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Amy Lovell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Teresa Gontijo de Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Clare Wall
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Almeida PC, Nakano EY, Vasconcelos IAL, Zandonadi RP, Raposo A, Saraiva A, Alturki HA, Botelho RBA. Food Neophobia in Children: A Case Study in Federal District/Brazil. Nutrients 2024; 16:2962. [PMID: 39275284 PMCID: PMC11397450 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A reluctance to eat and/or avoidance of novel foods is characterized as food neophobia (FN). FN restricts the diet to familiar foods when, in fact, it should be much more varied. FN can be a barrier to healthy foods, affecting the quality of diet, and impairing children's growth and development. Therefore, according to their caregivers' perceptions, this study aimed to evaluate FN in children from Federal District/Brazil. The Brazilian Children's Food Neophobia Questionnaire (BCFNeo), a specific instrument developed and validated in Brazil, was answered by caregivers of children aged 4 to 11 y/o. Sampling occurred through snowball recruitment, being convenient and non-probabilistic. The Health Sciences Ethics Committee approved the study. The analysis evaluated FN in total (BCFNeoTot) and in the following domains: general (FNgen), for fruits (FNfru), and for vegetables (FNveg). FN scores were compared between sex and child's age and categorized according to three ordinal levels. FN levels were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Friedman test, followed by the Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni correction, was performed to analyze differences in FN according to the environment. Of the caregivers' answers for their children, 595 answers were included, because 19 were out of age. The prevalence of high FN was 42.9%. The domain with the highest prevalence of high FN was vegetables (48.6%). Children aged 8 to 11 y/o had a higher mean FN in two domains (FNgen p = 0.047 and FNveg p = 0.038) when compared to children aged 4 to 7 y/o. Boys were more neophobic in all domains (FNgen p = 0.017; FNfru p = 0.010; FNveg p = 0.013; BCFNeoTot p = 0.008), and FN tends not to decrease with age. The results showed that the children of the FD are more neophobic than Brazilian children in general, highlighting the importance of additional studies in FN determinants in this population and nutritional education interventions to reduce FN among FD children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Hmidan A Alturki
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute-Health Sector, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Białek-Dratwa A, Staśkiewicz-Bartecka W, Kiciak A, Wardyniec A, Grajek M, Aktaç Ş, Çelik ZM, Sabuncular G, İslamoğlu AH, Kowalski O. Food Neophobia and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake among Adults and Related Factors. Nutrients 2024; 16:2952. [PMID: 39275268 PMCID: PMC11397511 DOI: 10.3390/nu16172952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) includes age-inappropriate feeding behaviors in eating patterns, including food neophobia, defined as refusal or reluctance to eat new or unknown foods. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ARFID and food neophobia among adults and determine the related characteristics of these risks. The study used an anonymous survey questionnaire consisting of three parts as the research tool. The first part of the questionnaire was a metric and concerned socio-demographic data. The Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) and the Nine-Item Avoidance/Restrictive Food Disorder Screen Questionnaire (NIAS) were used to evaluate the eating disorders. The survey included 309 people (60.2% women, 39.8% men) aged 18-77 years. NIAS results indicated that 15.2% of the subjects showed food selectivity, and 11.0% had food anxiety. In the FNS assessment, 42.4% had a low risk of food neophobia, 38.2% a medium risk, and 19.4% a high risk. A higher risk of food neophobia correlated with higher NIAS scores, indicating a higher risk of ARFID (p = 0.00231). The NIAS score increased with the risk of food neophobia (p = 0.000). Respondents at low risk of neophobia were most likely to avoid several products (83.97%), while in the high-risk group, 56.67% did not want to eat a favorite food enriched with a new ingredient. A higher risk of neophobia was correlated with more food avoidance and adverse reactions to new foods (p = 0.000). A higher risk of food neophobia is strongly correlated with a higher risk of ARFID. Although demographics did not significantly impact NIAS results, some trends were noted, such as higher scores among older and underweight people. Those with a higher risk of food neophobia show more food avoidance and a greater reluctance to experiment with new ingredients. Public education should emphasize that eating disorders affect both sexes equally, with tailored interventions for high-risk groups such as the elderly, rural populations, and those with lower education. Health policies should promote access to nutrition education, psychological support, and diverse food options, while further research is needed to improve targeted interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka
- Department of Food Technology and Quality Assessment, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agata Kiciak
- Department of Food Technology and Quality Assessment, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wardyniec
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grajek
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Şule Aktaç
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Zehra Margot Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Güleren Sabuncular
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Hümeyra İslamoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chow CY, Bech AC, Olsen A, Keast R, Russell CG, Bredie WLP. Oral size perception and texture preferences for particle-containing foods in children aged 5-12. J Texture Stud 2024; 55:e12848. [PMID: 38952148 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Foods containing bits and pieces are often less liked by children; however, there is a limited understanding of how perceptions and preferences for foods with particles change during childhood. This study aimed to investigate preferences and perceptions of particle-containing foods in children aged 5-12 years. Children (n = 485) completed a forced-choice questionnaire on drawings of six pairs of foods, each available with or without particles. Additionally, children tasted yogurts added with muesli differing in particle size (median diameter: 3.9 or 7.5 mm) and evaluated their perception of particle size in mouth and their liking. The questionnaire results showed that children had a clear preference for foods without particles. The average probability of choosing the 'with-particle' foods was 28%, significantly below the midpoint of 50% (p < .0001). Preferences for particle-containing foods were lowest at age six and increased significantly with age (p = .0007). In the taste test, muesli particle size affected oral size perception (p < .0001) but not liking (p = .60). Older children were better able to differentiate particle size than younger children. However, there was no relationship between individual preferences for particle-containing foods and oral size perception of muesli particles. The observation that children's texture preferences changed with age highlights the role of increased experience in shaping preferences for foods with particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yue Chow
- Section for Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, CASS Food Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Arla Innovation Centre, Arla Foods AMBA, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne C Bech
- Arla Innovation Centre, Arla Foods AMBA, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Olsen
- Section for Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Russell Keast
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, CASS Food Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine G Russell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wender L P Bredie
- Section for Design and Consumer Behaviour, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breiner CE, Knedgen MM, Proctor KB, Zickgraf HF. Relation between ARFID symptomatology and picky eating onset and duration. Eat Behav 2024; 54:101900. [PMID: 38941675 PMCID: PMC11411639 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picky eating (PE) is common in early childhood, peaking between ages 1 and 5 years. However, PE may persist beyond this normative period and pose threats to health and psychosocial functioning. Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) involves restrictive eating driven by appetite, preference/selectivity, and/or fear of eating, leading to significant medical and/or psychosocial impairment. This retrospective study examined the relation between early childhood PE onset/duration and ARFID eating restrictions and symptoms. METHOD Parents of children ages 6-17 (N = 437) completed a survey about their child's eating behavior, including the Nine-item ARFID Screen (NIAS) and questions about PE onset and impacts. Children were then categorized into groups based on PE onset (before or after age 5) and duration: never picky, normative picky, persistent picky, and late-onset picky. RESULTS The groups differed (all p < .05) in mean NIAS subscales (picky eating, NIAS-PE; appetite, NIAS-A; fear, NIAS-F) and total scores (NIAS-T). Tukey post-hoc tests found that persistent PEs had significantly higher NIAS-PE, NIAS-A, and NIAS-T scores than never or normative PEs (all p < .05). Chi-Square tests found that persistent PEs were significantly more likely than all other groups to endorse ARFID criteria. CONCLUSION Findings from this study suggest that PE that persists beyond or is identified after the normative period is associated with elevated ARFID symptoms compared to normative and never PEs. Persistent PE increases risk of impairment from PE and other ARFID eating restrictions. Given the health and psychosocial risks associated with ARFID, early identification and intervention for this group is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Breiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Megan M Knedgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Proctor
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hana F Zickgraf
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hendriks-Hartensveld AEM, Havermans RC, Nederkoorn C, van den Heuvel E. Exploring within-meal variety to promote appeal of home-cooked meals in older adults. Appetite 2024; 197:107318. [PMID: 38548134 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition is highly prevalent in older adults and poses a major threat to physical and mental wellbeing. To foster healthy eating (and healthy aging), strategies are needed to improve dietary quality of older adults. In this study, the feasibility of increasing food variety in home-cooked meals is explored as strategy to promote meat and vegetable consumption in community dwelling older adults. Adults aged 50 years or older (N = 253) evaluated pictures of traditional Dutch dinner meals with more or less variety in the vegetable or meat component in an online questionnaire. Specifically, four different variety 'levels' were presented: (1) no variety, (2) meat variety, (3) vegetable variety, and (4) variety in both meat and vegetables (mixed). Participants indicated for each meal picture how much they would like the meal, whether it represented an ideal portion size, and whether they would be able and willing to prepare the meal. We expected that with increasing variety, liking and ideal portion size would increase, while ability and willingness to prepare the meals would decrease. Results showed that the meals with meat variety and mixed variety were liked less than meals with vegetable variety or no variety. Participants were all highly willing to prepare the meals, but they were less willing to prepare the meals with meat variety and mixed variety compared to the meals with vegetable variety and no variety. All meals were evaluated as being too large, but the meals with vegetable variety and mixed variety were evaluated as more oversized than the meals without variety and with meat variety. These results suggest that encouraging older adults to include variety in home-cooked meals might be more challenging than anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anouk E M Hendriks-Hartensveld
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands.
| | - Remco C Havermans
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands; Chair Youth, Food, and Health, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Nederkoorn
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Emmy van den Heuvel
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stuldreher IV, Van der Burg E, Velut S, Toet A, van Os DE, Hiraguchi H, Hogervorst MA, Zandstra EH, Van Erp JBF, Brouwer AM. Electrodermal activity as an index of food neophobia outside the lab. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 4:1297722. [PMID: 38234468 PMCID: PMC10790829 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1297722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Understanding how food neophobia affects food experience may help to shift toward sustainable diets. Previous research suggests that individuals with higher food neophobia are more aroused and attentive when observing food-related stimuli. The present study examined whether electrodermal activity (EDA), as index of arousal, relates to food neophobia outside the lab when exposed to a single piece of food. Methods The EDA of 153 participants was analyzed as part of a larger experiment conducted at a festival. Participants completed the 10-item Food Neophobia Scale. Subsequently, they saw three lids covering three foods: a hotdog labeled as "meat", a hotdog labeled as "100% plant-based", and tofu labeled as "100% plant-based". Participants lifted the lids consecutively and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the skin conductance response (SCR) was captured between 20 s before and 20 s after each food reveal. Results We found a significant positive correlation between food neophobia and AUC of SCR during presentation of the first and second hotdog and a trend for tofu. These correlations remained significant even when only including the SCR data prior to the food reveal (i.e., an anticipatory response). Discussion The association between food neophobia and EDA indicates that food neophobic individuals are more aroused upon the presentation of food. We show for the first time that the anticipation of being presented with food already increased arousal for food neophobic individuals. These findings also indicate that EDA can be meaningfully determined using wearables outside the lab, in a relatively uncontrolled setting for single-trial analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo V. Stuldreher
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Erik Van der Burg
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Velut
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Toet
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Demi E. van Os
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten A. Hogervorst
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth H. Zandstra
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Consumer Science Insight, Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan B. F. Van Erp
- Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Human Machine Teaming, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Brouwer
- Human Performance, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ayre SK, Harris HA, White MJ, Byrne RA. Food Parenting Practices and Child Eating Behaviors in Australian Families: A Cross-Sectional Sibling Design. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:42-57.e8. [PMID: 37661083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on feeding in early childhood has focused primarily on parent-child dyadic interactions, despite parents enacting these practices within the complex dynamic of the family system. OBJECTIVE Using a sibling design, this study aimed to assess how parents may adapt their food parenting practices for siblings in response to differences in their eating behaviors. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey was conducted between October and December 2022. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Data were collected from parents (97.5% women) in Australia with 2 children aged 2 to 5 years (n = 336 parents and n = 672 children). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Survey items were completed for each sibling, and included four subscales of the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire and seven subscales of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire-28. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Multiple linear regression models examined associations between within-sibling pair differences in child eating behaviors and food parenting practices, adjusting for differences in child body mass index z score, age, gender, and early feeding method. RESULTS Within-sibling pair differences in eating behaviors were associated with differences in some food parenting practices. For the fussier sibling, parents reported using more control-based practices, including persuasive feeding, reward for eating, and reward for behavior, and less of the structure-based practice, family meal settings (P values < 0.001). Similar directions of associations were found for persuasive feeding, reward for eating, and family meal settings with siblings who were slower eaters or more satiety responsive (P values < 0.007); however, no significant differences in reward for behavior were observed in relation to sibling differences in these eating behaviors. For the more food responsive sibling, parents reported using more control-based practices, including reward for behavior and overt restriction (P values < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Within families, parents may adapt certain practices in response to differences in their children's eating behaviors. Interventions promoting responsive feeding should be designed to acknowledge the integral role of siblings in shaping parents' feeding decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susannah K Ayre
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Holly A Harris
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie J White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca A Byrne
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Nucci A, Pilloni S, Scognamiglio U, Rossi L. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Food Neophobia Occurrence in Children: A Study Carried out in Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:5078. [PMID: 38140336 PMCID: PMC10746015 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Food Neophobia (FN), defined as the reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods, mainly concerns fruit, vegetables, and legumes, typical of the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Considering these premises, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between FN and AMD in a sample of Italian children and their association with some socio-demographic factors and children's nutritional status. A sample of 288 children aged 3-11 years participated in an assessment carried out with a questionnaire evaluating FN and AMD, respectively, with the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) and the KIDMED test. Most of the sample showed an intermediate (67.3%) or high level of FN (18.1%), with high rates among 6-11-year-old children (63.9%) and especially in those who were the only child (50%). The AMD was mostly low (29.5%) or medium (54.8%) and reached lower levels among higher neophobic children (51.9%; p value < 0.05). The present results confirm the study hypothesis that FN is a driver of MD abandonment and shows the positive effects on children's eating habits and siblings. Finally, this study proves the relevance of adopting effective feeding strategies against FN to avoid its maintenance in adulthood and the detrimental effects on future overall health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Di Nucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simone Pilloni
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Umberto Scognamiglio
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| | - Laura Rossi
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.P.); (U.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Białek-Dratwa A, Kowalski O. Prevalence of Feeding Problems in Children and Associated Factors-A Cross-Sectional Study among Polish Children Aged 2-7 Years. Nutrients 2023; 15:3185. [PMID: 37513602 PMCID: PMC10384107 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Food neophobia is an aversion to eating or a reluctance to try unfamiliar or new foods. From an evolutionary perspective, this behaviour may minimise the risk of consuming foods that are harmful to health. However, such aversion causes food monotony, which may result in nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of feeding problems among Polish children aged 2-7 years using the Montreal Children's Hospital Feeding Scale and to investigate the correlation between age, gender, mode of feeding in infancy, including complementary feeding, and the prevalence of feeding difficulties in the study group of children. MATERIAL AND METHOD The study group consisted of 585 children: 299 boys (51.11%) and 286 girls (48.89%). The study was conducted using a questionnaire-based method, with an indirect survey technique using a web-based form (CAWI). The research tool used was the Montreal Children's Hospital-Pediatric Feeding Program. RESULTS Groups with the lowest risk feeding problems, risk 0, comprised 445 children (76.06%); group 1, middle difficulties, 59 children (10.08%); group 2, moderate difficulties, 40 children (6.84%); and group 3, most difficulties, 40 children (7.01%). The mean MCH-FS score for the entire study group was calculated and was 37.29 points ± 12.02; for 2 year olds, 35.69 points; for 3 year olds, 37.41 points; for 4 year olds, 38.31 points; for 5 year olds, 38.46 points; for 6 year olds, 37.95 points; and for 7 year olds, 36.06 points. The mean value of the MCH-FS scale for girls was 37.44 points, and for boys, 37.32 points. None of the above parameters correlated with the risk of feeding problems, including age, except with a non-significative tendency to be higher in the youngest age. CONCLUSION Breast milk feeding and the time of complementary feeding (CF) in the study group did not influence the risk of feeding problems. Using the full BLW method during CF can protect the child against the occurrence of feeding problems such a food selectivity or picky eating in the future. In our study, children with difficulties during CF, mainly the vomiting reflex, were more likely to develop feeding problems such as food neophobia. Based on our study, we did not observe a correlation between age, gender, and the occurrence of feeding problems, and there was only a non-significant tendency to be higher in the youngest age. However, further research needs to be undertaken to assess how such behaviour affects subsequent feeding difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jansen E, Thapaliya G, Beauchemin J, D’Sa V, Deoni S, Carnell S. The Development of Appetite: Tracking and Age-Related Differences in Appetitive Traits in Childhood. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061377. [PMID: 36986108 PMCID: PMC10056659 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Appetitive traits are associated with body weight. Increased understanding of how appetitive traits evolve from early life could advance research on obesity risk and inform intervention development. We report on tracking and age-related differences in appetitive traits in childhood within the RESONANCE cohort. Parents of RESONANCE children aged 6.02 ± 2.99 years completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Pearson correlations of appetitive traits and age were tested for all participants contributing at least one observation, using each participant’s first observation (N = 335). Children’s first and second observations of the CEBQ (n = 127) were used to test tracking (paired correlations) and age-related differences (paired t-tests) within individuals. CEBQ correlations with age suggested that satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, emotional undereating, and desire to drink decreased with age (r = −0.111 to r = −0.269, all p < 0.05), while emotional overeating increased with age (r = 0.207, p < 0.001). Food fussiness demonstrated a quadratic relationship with age. Paired t-tests further supported an increase in emotional overeating with age (M: 1.55 vs. 1.69, p = 0.005). All CEBQ subscales demonstrated moderate to high tracking (r = 0.533 to r = 0.760, p < 0.001). Our initial findings within the RESONANCE cohort suggest that food avoidant traits are negatively related with age, while emotional overeating increases with age, and that appetitive traits track through childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jansen
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Gita Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jennifer Beauchemin
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University & Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Viren D’Sa
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University & Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sean Deoni
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 500 5th Ave North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
De Cianni R, Pippinato L, Mancuso T. A systematic review on drivers influencing consumption of edible mushrooms and innovative mushroom-containing products. Appetite 2023; 182:106454. [PMID: 36623772 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are attractive for their low calorie content, high-quality protein, low lipid levels, and therapeutic properties; furthermore, mushroom-containing products are gaining interest in light of the world's increasing need for protein source diversification to meet the global protein demand. At present, there is a strong heterogeneity worldwide in terms of mushroom consumption and, to date, few surveys exist on the factors influencing this. This review, through the PICo and PRISMA statements, identified and analysed 31 papers to answer the question: What are the determinants that drive consumers towards the consumption and purchase of edible mushrooms and novel products containing mushrooms? The expected outcome is to provide an overview of key research issues used thus far, identify current research gaps, and discuss implications for industries and policy-makers. Consumer attitude - including fear of poisoning - towards innovative mushroom-containing products has been poorly analysed in Europe and USA; what we do know is that processed mushrooms appeared more attractive to European and American mainlanders. Few studies have considered the ethnicity of participants, which is an important factor since mushrooms and their culinary applications appear to be known mainly thanks to family tradition. New strategies are needed to increase people's familiarity with these products and to contrast neophobic phenomena. If mushroom price is an obstacle for both companies and purchasers, intrinsic characteristics such as umami taste and positive health and sustainability benefits are strengths to consider in the development of the supply chain, public education, and information initiatives. This should be useful in directing consumer preferences towards meat alternatives containing mushrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele De Cianni
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Liam Pippinato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | - Teresina Mancuso
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo W, Cai Q, Chen R, Yin Y, Sun XX, Cai YP, Song HZ, Zhang YR, Liao Y. The Chinese version of the child food neophobia scale and its reliability and validity in preschool children. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 69:1-5. [PMID: 36584591 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To translate the English version Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) into the Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in preschool children. METHODS To create the Chinese version of the CFNS, it was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted. The use of the Chinese version of CFNS by 575 parents of preschool children in two kindergartens in Yangzhou City was investigated using cluster sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. RESULTS The Chinese version of CFNS has nine items in total. The scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 2 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 49.437%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the 2-factor model was well fitted. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.759, the Cronbach'α coefficients of the two factors were 0.735 and 0.713, the split-half reliability was 0.788, and the test-retest reliability was 0.756. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale has good reliability and validity in preschool children and can be used as an assessment tool for food neophobia in preschool children in China. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study has gone through a rigorous translation process, and the CFNS may support future exploration of food neophobia in preschool children. Food allergy factors in the results may be the next step in the research, and several studies are still needed to understand the relationship between food allergy and food neophobia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Luo
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Cai
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yin
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Sun
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Peng Cai
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui-Zi Song
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Ran Zhang
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuexia Liao
- School of Nursing, School of public health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Almeida PC, Zandonadi RP, Nakano EY, Vasconcelos IAL, Botelho RBA. Food Neophobia in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Nationwide Study in Brazil. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121907. [PMID: 36553350 PMCID: PMC9776952 DOI: 10.3390/children9121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food neophobia (FN) is common among children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), potentially impairing their health and diet quality. This study aimed to investigate and classify the prevalence of FN among 4-to-11-year-old Brazilian children with ASD. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by applying online a validated instrument to identify FN in Brazilian children with ASD through their caregivers' responses for a national prevalence of FN in this group. The final sample included 593 children with ASD, 80.1% of boys, with a mean age of 6.72 ± 2.31 years, and 83% having only ASD. Almost 75% (n = 436) of the children with ASD had high food neophobia scores. The fruit neophobia domain had the lowest prevalence of high neophobia (63.7%). No significant difference in FN (total, fruit, and vegetable domains) was found, considering gender and age. There was no statistical difference in FN (all domains) by the number of residents in the same household, income, or the caregivers' educational level. FN did not decrease in older children with ASD. FN is a more complex problem, requiring a multidisciplinary trained team to face the problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Claudino de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-61-98220-2078
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Masento NA, Dulay KM, Harvey K, Bulgarelli D, Caputi M, Cerrato G, Molina P, Wojtkowska K, Pruszczak D, Barlińska J, Messer D, Houston-Price C. Parent, child, and environmental predictors of vegetable consumption in Italian, Polish, and British preschoolers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958245. [PMID: 36337641 PMCID: PMC9633668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the vegetable intake of preschool children from three European countries [Italy, Poland, and the United Kingdom (UK)] and explored the parent, child, and environmental factors that predicted intake in each country. A total of 408 parents of preschoolers (Italy: N = 61, Poland: N = 124, and UK: N = 225; child mean age = 32.2 months, SD = 9.47) completed an online survey comprising a set of standardised questionnaires. For all three countries, the questionnaires included measures of children's vegetable intake (VegFFQ), child eating behaviour (CEBQ-FF), parents' mealtime goals (FMGs), and sociodemographic questions about family background and environment. In the UK and Italy, additional questionnaires were used to assess child temperament (EAS-T) and parents' feeding practices (CFPQ). The results showed that the number of child-sized portions of vegetables consumed per day varied significantly across countries; Polish children consumed the most (∼3 portions) and Italian children the least (∼1.5 portions). Between-country differences were seen in parents' goals for family mealtimes; compared to Italian parents, Polish and UK parents were more motivated to minimise mealtime stress, increase family involvement in meal preparation, and share the same foods with family members. British and Italian parents also adopted different feeding practices; parents in the UK reported more use of healthy modelling behaviours and more use of foods to support their child's emotion regulation. In terms of child factors, Italian children were reported to be more emotional and more sociable than British children. Analyses of the relationships between the parent, child, and environmental factors and children's vegetable intake revealed both similarities and differences between countries. Negative predictors of vegetable intake included child food fussiness in the UK and Poland, child temperament (especially, shyness) in Italy, and the use of food as a reward and child emotionality in the UK. Positive predictors included the parental mealtime goal of 'family involvement' in the UK. These results highlight differences in the extent to which European preschoolers achieve recommended levels of vegetable intake, and in the factors that influence whether they do. The results suggest a need to develop healthy eating interventions that are adopted to meet the specific needs of the countries in which they are implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Masento
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina May Dulay
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Harvey
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Paola Molina
- Department of Regional & Urban Studies and Planning, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Messer
- Faculty of Wellbeing, Education & Language Studies, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel Houston-Price
- School of Psychology & Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Food Neophobia and scarce olfactory performances are linked to oral microbiota. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|