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Hajjo R, Sabbah DA, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Targeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:51-69. [PMID: 38450537 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent years have seen significant strides in drug developmenttargeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway which is critical forcell growth and proliferation. Protein-protein interaction networksamong EGFR, RAS, and RAF proteins offer insights for drug discovery. This review discusses the drug design and development efforts ofinhibitors targeting these proteins over the past 3 years, detailingtheir structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy.Strategies to combat drug resistance and minimize toxicities areexplored, along with future research directions. AREA COVERED This review encompasses clinical trials and patents on EGFR, KRAS,and BRAF inhibitors from 2020 to 2023, including advancements indesign and synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) forprotein degradation. EXPERT OPINION To tackle drug resistance, designing allosteric fourth-generationEGFR inhibitors is vital. Covalent, allosteric, or combinationaltherapies, along with PROTAC degraders, are key methods to addressresistance and toxicity in KRAS and BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Board Member, National Center for Epidemics and Communicable Disease Control (JCDC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
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Mai Y, Su J, Yang C, Xia C, Fu L. The strategies to cure cancer patients by eradicating cancer stem-like cells. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:171. [PMID: 37853413 PMCID: PMC10583358 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells, possess remarkable capability in proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. Their presence is recognized as a crucial factor contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. CSCs have garnered significant attention as a therapeutic focus and an etiologic root of treatment-resistant cells. Increasing evidence indicated that specific biomarkers, aberrant activated pathways, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and immunoevasion are considered the culprits in the occurrence of CSCs and the maintenance of CSCs properties including multi-directional differentiation. Targeting CSC biomarkers, stemness-associated pathways, TME, immunoevasion and inducing CSCs differentiation improve CSCs eradication and, therefore, cancer treatment. This review comprehensively summarized these targeted therapies, along with their current status in clinical trials. By exploring and implementing strategies aimed at eradicating CSCs, researchers aim to improve cancer treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges posed by CSC-mediated therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansui Mai
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Su
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Kou SB, Li L, Zhang RJ, Shi JH, Jiang SL. Elucidation of the interaction mechanism of olmutinib with human α-1 acid glycoprotein: insights from spectroscopic and molecular modeling studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:525-537. [PMID: 34844510 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Olmutinib, the third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is applied in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study is to elucidate the interaction mechanism of olmutinib with human α-1 acid glycoprotein (HAG), an important carrier protein, by mean of multi-spectroscopic and molecular simulation techniques. Fluorescence spectral results confirmed that the fluorescence of this carrier protein can be quenched by olmutinib in the static quenching mode, and this anticancer drug possesses a moderate binding affinity on HAG. The evidence from thermodynamic analysis, replacement interaction with ANS and sucrose, and computational simulation results showed that hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces involved the olmutinib-HAG complexation process. The results from UV-vis, 3D fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy proved that binding anticancer drug olmutinib caused the alteration in the microenvironment around Trp residues. And, circular dichroism spectral results provided the support for the conformational alterations in the carrier protein. The data also proved that olmutinib preferably bound to the hydrophobic cavity of HAG and the binding distance between the two was 2.21 nm. In addition, it can be found that the presence of some metal ions such as Zn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ would exert a certain extent effect on the olmutinib-HAG complexation process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Juan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Liang Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Li C, Xia C, Wah To KK, Guo Z, Ren C, Wen L, Wang F, Fu L, Liao N. Adagrasib, a KRAS G12C inhibitor, reverses the multidrug resistance mediated by ABCB1 in vitro and in vivo. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:142. [PMID: 36104708 PMCID: PMC9472360 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00955-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex phenomenon that frequently leads to chemotherapy failure during cancer treatment. The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represents the major mechanism contributing to MDR. To date, no effective MDR modulator has been applied in clinic. Adagrasib (MRTX849), a specific inhibitor targeting KRAS G12C mutant, is currently under investigation in clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study focused on investigating the circumvention of MDR by MRTX849.
Methods
The cytotoxicity and MDR reversal effect of MRTX849 were assessed by MTT assay. Drug accumulation and drug efflux were evaluated by flow cytometry. The MDR reversal by MRTX849 in vivo was investigated in two ABCB1-overexpressing tumor xenograft models in nude mice. The interaction between MRTX849 and ABCB1 substrate binding sites was studied by the [125I]-IAAP-photoaffinity labeling assay. The vanadate-sensitive ATPase assay was performed to identify whether MRTX849 would change ABCB1 ATPase activity. The effect of MRTX849 on expression of ABCB1 and PI3K/AKT signaling molecules was examined by flow cytometry, Western blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR analyses.
Results
MRTX849 was shown to enhance the anticancer efficacy of ABCB1 substrate drugs in the transporter-overexpressing cells both in vitro and in vivo. The MDR reversal effect was specific against ABCB1 because no similar effect was observed in the parental sensitive cells or in ABCG2-mediated MDR cells. Mechanistically, MRTX849 increased the cellular accumulation of ABCB1 substrates including doxorubicin (Dox) and rhodamine 123 (Rho123) in ABCB1-overexpressing MDR cells by suppressing ABCB1 efflux activity. Additionally, MRTX849 stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activity and competed with [125I]-IAAP for photolabeling of ABCB1 in a concentration-dependent manner. However, MRTX849 did not alter ABCB1 expression or phosphorylation of AKT/ERK at the effective MDR reversal drug concentrations.
Conclusions
In summary, MRTX849 was found to overcome ABCB1-mediated MDR both in vitro and in vivo by specifically attenuating ABCB1 efflux activity in drug-resistant cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to translate the combination of MRTX849 and conventional chemotherapy to clinical application for circumvention of MDR.
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Pan Z, Wang K, Wang X, Jia Z, Yang Y, Duan Y, Huang L, Wu ZX, Zhang JY, Ding X. Cholesterol promotes EGFR-TKIs resistance in NSCLC by inducing EGFR/Src/Erk/SP1 signaling-mediated ERRα re-expression. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:77. [PMID: 35303882 PMCID: PMC8932110 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01547-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) brings remarkable benefits for the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. Unfortunately, acquired resistance seems to be inevitable and limits the application of EGFR-TKIs in clinical practice. This study reported a common molecular mechanism sustaining resistance and potential treatment options to overcome EGFR-TKIs resistance. METHODS EGFR-TKIs resistant NSCLC cells were established and confirmed by MTT assay. Cholesterol content was detected and the promotional function of cholesterol on NSCLC growth was determined in vivo. Then, we identified ERRα expression as the downstream factor of cholesterol-mediated drug resistance. To dissect the regulatory mechanism, we conducted experiments, including immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS Long-term exposure to EGFR-TKIs generate drug resistance with the characteristic of cholesterol accumulation in lipid rafts, which promotes EGFR and Src to interact and lead EGFR/Src/Erk signaling reactivation-mediated SP1 nuclear translocation and ERRα re-expression. Further investigation identifies ERRα as a target gene of SP1. Functionally, re-expression of ERRα sustains cell proliferation by regulating ROS detoxification process. Lovastatin, a drug used to decrease cholesterol level, and XCT790, an inverse agonist of ERRα, overcome gefitinib and osimertinib resistance both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that cholesterol/EGFR/Src/Erk/SP1 axis-induced ERRα re-expression promotes survival of gefitinib and osimertinib-resistant cancer cells. Besides, we demonstrate the potential of lowing cholesterol and downregulation of ERRα as effective adjuvant treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiniao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhirong Jia
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yalei Duan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianzhan Huang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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Luo M, Xia Y, Wang F, Zhang H, Su D, Su C, Yang C, Wu S, An S, Lin S, Fu L. PD0325901, an ERK inhibitor, enhances the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3120-3133. [PMID: 34729305 PMCID: PMC8546891 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ERK pathway regulated the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression which was linked to the response of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 blockade therapy. So it is deducible that ERK inhibitor could enhance the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor in cancer immunotherapy. In this study, PD0325901, an oral potent ERK inhibitor, strongly enhanced the efficacy of PD-1 antibody in vitro and in vivo models in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Mechanistically, PD0325901 or shRNA-ERK1/2 significantly downregulated the PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells and increased the CD3+ T cells infiltration and functions in tumor tissue. There was a positive correlation between the p-ERK1/2 expression and PD-L1 expression in patients with NSCLC. And the patients with low p-ERK1/2 expression were observed a high response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy. Our results demonstrate that PD0325901, an ERK inhibitor, can enhance the efficacy of PD-1 blockage against NSCLC in vitro and in vivo models. And the combination of ERK inhibitor such as PD0325901 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockage is a promising regimen and encouraged to be further confirmed in the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Danting Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chaoyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Pharmacy College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shaocong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sainan An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Suxia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 20 873431-63, fax: +86 20 87343170.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 20 873431-63, fax: +86 20 87343170.
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Liang X, Wu P, Yang Q, Xie Y, He C, Yin L, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. An update of new small-molecule anticancer drugs approved from 2015 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113473. [PMID: 33906047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of cancer has given rise to the development of more anti-tumor drugs. From 2015 to 2020, fifty-six new small-molecule anticancer drugs, divided into ten categories according to their anti-tumor target activities, have been approved. These include TKIs (30 drugs), MAPK inhibitors (3 drugs), CDK inhibitors (3 drugs), PARP inhibitors (3 drugs), PI3K inhibitors (3 drugs), SMO receptor antagonists (2 drugs), AR antagonists (2 drugs), SSTR inhibitors (2 drugs), IDH inhibitors (2 drugs) and others (6 drugs). Among them, PTK inhibitors (30/56) have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment with less toxicity and more potency. Each of their structures, approval statuses, applications, SAR analyses, and original research synthesis routes have been summarized, giving us a more comprehensive map for further efforts to design more specific targeted agents for reducing cancer in the future. We believe this review will help further research of potential antitumor agents in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yunyu Xie
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
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Wu CP, Hung TH, Lusvarghi S, Chu YH, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Chang YT, Ambudkar SV. The third-generation EGFR inhibitor almonertinib (HS-10296) resensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114516. [PMID: 33713643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) or ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP) in cancer cells often contributes significantly to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer patients. Previous reports have demonstrated that some epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could modulate the activity of ABCB1 and/or ABCG2 in human cancer cells, whereas some EGFR TKIs are transport substrates of these transporters. Almonertinib (HS-10296) is a promising, orally available third-generation EGFR TKI for the treatment of EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have progressed on or after other EGFR TKI therapies. Additional clinical trials are currently in progress to study almonertinib as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in patients with NSCLC. In the present work, we found that neither ABCB1 nor ABCG2 confers significant resistance to almonertinib. More importantly, we discovered that almonertinib was able to reverse MDR mediated by ABCB1, but not ABCG2, in multidrug-resistant cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations by inhibiting the drug transport activity of ABCB1 without affecting its expression level. These findings are further supported by in silico docking of almonertinib in the drug-binding pocket of ABCB1. In summary, our study revealed an additional activity of almonertinib to re-sensitize ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, which may be beneficial for cancer patients and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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9
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Luo M, Wang F, Zhang H, To KKW, Wu S, Chen Z, Liang S, Fu L. Mitomycin C enhanced the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:141. [PMID: 32855386 PMCID: PMC7452895 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents for treating cancers but the response rate is <20%. Some chemotherapeutic drugs could also activate an anticancer immune response to kill cancer cells, apart from their direct cytotoxicity. Our study investigated the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with PD-L1 antibody to enhance the response rate of PD-L1 blockade. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were pre-treated with mitomycin C (MMC) and then co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to investigate the effect of the combination of MMC with PD-L1 antibody. The drug combination was also evaluated in vivo in Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells-bearing C57BL/6 mice. MMC increased the expressions of PD-L1 and MHC-I in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo and enhanced the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes on NSCLC in vitro. In LLC-bearing mouse model, the combination of MMC and PD-L1 antibody was found to be more effective in retarding tumor growth and prolonging overall survival than either single treatment alone, which was associated with increased lymphocyte infiltration and granzyme B release. Mechanistically, MMC activated the ERK pathway, which subsequently enhanced the binding of c-JUN to the PD-L1 promoter and recruited its co-factor STAT3 to increase PD-L1 expression. The upregulated ERK pathway was shown to activate p65 to increase the MHC-I expression. MMC was shown to enhance the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in NSCLC cells. Further study is warranted to translate the findings to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaocong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaobo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Zhong J, Zhang J, Yu X, Zhang X, Dian L. Olmutinib Reverses Doxorubicin Resistance in ETS1-Overexpressing Leukemia Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e924922. [PMID: 32830792 PMCID: PMC7466836 DOI: 10.12659/msm.924922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug resistance is a major problem in the treatment of leukemia with doxorubicin (Dox), and the erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) gene is associated with drug resistance. Olmutinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) reported to play a role in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether olmutinib could reverse Dox resistance in leukemia cells overexpressing ETS1. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 and its Dox-resistant cell line K562/ADR were used. Western blot and qPCR detected the expression of ETS1 and ABCB1. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting kit-8 and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium. Cell apoptosis was observed by western blot and flow cytometry. A nude mice K562/ADR xenograft model was used to investigate the inhibitory effects of olmutinib on tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions of ETS1 and ABCB1 were up-regulated in Dox-resistant leukemia cell line K562/ADR. We overexpressed ETS1 in both cell lines, finding that olmutinib inhibited the cell viability of K562 and K562/ADR in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of Dox to EST1-overexpressing K562/ADR cells was enhanced by olmutinib. Olmutinib also promoted apoptosis of K562 and K562/ADR cells compared with Dox treatment alone. In vivo, olmutinib enhanced the inhibitory effects of Dox on ETS1-overexpressing K562/ADR cell xenograft growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the novel EGFR TKI olmutinib enhances the sensitivity of ETS1-overexpressing leukemia cells to Dox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Linping Dian
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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11
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Rociletinib (CO-1686) enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:799-811. [PMID: 32528828 PMCID: PMC7280144 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer cells is known to cause multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely limits the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. Currently, there is no FDA-approved MDR modulator for clinical use. In this study, rociletinib (CO-1686), a mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was found to significantly improve the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate chemotherapeutic agents in the transporter-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in MDR tumor xenografts in nude mice, without incurring additional toxicity. Mechanistic studies revealed that in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells, rociletinib inhibited ABCG2-mediated drug efflux and increased intracellular accumulation of ABCG2 probe substrates. Moreover, rociletinib, inhibited the ATPase activity, and competed with [125I] iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) photolabeling of ABCG2. However, ABCG2 expression at mRNA and protein levels was not altered in the ABCG2-overexpressing cells after treatment with rociletinib. In addition, rociletinib did not inhibit EGFR downstream signaling and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our results collectively showed that rociletinib reversed ABCG2-mediated MDR by inhibiting ABCG2 efflux function, thus increasing the cellular accumulation of the transporter substrate anticancer drugs. The findings advocated the combination use of rociletinib and other chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer patients with ABCG2-overexpressing MDR tumors.
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Key Words
- ABC, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette
- ABCB1, ABC transporter subfamily B member 1
- ABCG2
- ABCG2, ABC transporter subfamily G member 2
- AKT, protein kinase B
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- ATPase
- DDP, cisplatin
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DOX, doxorubicin
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FTC, fumitremorgin C
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IAAP, iodoarylazidoprazosin
- IC50, half maximal (50%) inhibitory concentration
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide
- MX, mitoxantrone
- Multidrug resistance
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PTK, protein tyrosine kinases
- Rho 123, rhodamine 123
- Rociletinib
- TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- VCR, vincristine
- VRP, verapamil
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12
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Fan GH, Zhu TY, Huang J. FNDC5 promotes paclitaxel sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancers via inhibiting MDR1. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109665. [PMID: 32353410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits and clinical application of paclitaxel for treating non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are extremely hampered due to the chemoresistance. A recent study found that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) was downregulated in NSCLCs cells and negatively correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics in patients with NSCLCs. However, the role and potential molecular basis for FNDC5 in paclitaxel sensitivity of NSCLCs remain unclear. Paclitaxel-sensitive or resistant NSCLCs cell lines were exposed to small interfering RNA against FNDC5 (siFndc5) or recombinant irisin in the presence or absence of paclitaxel. NSCLCs cell lines have decreased FNDC5 expression compared with the normal human lung epithelial cells, which was further downregulated in paclitaxel-resistant cells. Irisin treatment suppressed, whereas Fndc5 silence promoted NSCLCs cells proliferation under basal conditions. Besides, we found that FNDC5 increased paclitaxel chemosensitivity in paclitaxel-sensitive or resistant NSCLCs cell lines via downregulating multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). Further studies revealed that FNDC5 inhibited MDR1 expression via blocking nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. FNDC5 promotes paclitaxel sensitivity of NSCLCs cells via inhibiting NF-κB/MDR1 signaling, and FNDC5 might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hua Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tie-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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13
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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14
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Ayati A, Moghimi S, Salarinejad S, Safavi M, Pouramiri B, Foroumadi A. A review on progression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors as an efficient approach in cancer targeted therapy. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103811. [PMID: 32278207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of molecular agents inhibiting specific functions in cancer cells progression is considered as one of the most successful plans in cancer treatment. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) over-activation is observed in a vast number of cancers, so, targeting EGFR and its downstream signaling cascades are regarded as a rational and valuable approach in cancer therapy. Several synthetic EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been evaluated in recent years, mostly exhibited clinical efficacy in relevant models and categorized into first, second, third and fourth-generation. However, studies are still ongoing to find more efficient EGFR inhibitors in light of the resistance to the current inhibitors. In this review, the importance of targeting EGFR signaling pathway in cancer therapy and related epigenetic mutations are highlighted. The recent advances on the discovery and development of different EGFR inhibitors and the use of various therapeutic strategies such as multi-targeting agents and combination therapies have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adileh Ayati
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Salarinejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3353-5111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behjat Pouramiri
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Wu ZX, Peng Z, Yang Y, Wang JQ, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Fu YG, Patel K, Liu L, Lin L, Zou C, Chen ZS. M3814, a DNA-PK Inhibitor, Modulates ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Lung Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:674. [PMID: 32477940 PMCID: PMC7235170 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
M3814, also known as nedisertib, is a potent and selective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) inhibitor under phase 2 clinical trials. ABCG2 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family that is closely related to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that M3814 can modulate the function of ABCG2 and overcome ABCG2-mediated MDR. Mechanistic studies showed that M3814 can attenuate the efflux activity of ABCG2 transporter, leading to increased ABCG2 substrate drugs accumulation. Furthermore, M3814 can stimulate the ABCG2 ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the ABCG2 protein expression or cell surface localization of ABCG2. Moreover, the molecular docking analysis indicated a high affinity between M3814 and ABCG2 transporter at the drug-binding cavity. Taken together, our work reveals M3814 as an ABCG2 modulator and provides a potential combination of co-administering M3814 with ABCG2 substrate-drugs to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zheng Peng
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Yi-Ge Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ketankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Lili Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhu Lin
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Zou
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
- Zhe-Sheng Chen
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16
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He P, Niu S, Wang S, Shi X, Feng S, Du L, Zhang X, Ma Z, Yu B, Liu H. Discovery of WS-157 as a highly potent, selective and orally active EGFR inhibitor. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1193-1203. [PMID: 31867165 PMCID: PMC6900553 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) has been used successfully in clinic for the treatment of solid tumors. In the present study, we reported the discovery of WS-157 from our in-house diverse compound library, which was validated to be a potent and selective EGFR-TKI. WS-157 showed excellent inhibitory activities against EGFR (IC50 = 0.81 nmol/L), EGFR[d746-750] (IC50 = 1.2 nmol/L) and EGFR[L858R] (IC50 = 1.1 nmol/L), but was less effective or even inactive against other nine kinases. WS-157 also displayed excellent antiproliferative activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines, and exhibited the ability to reduce colony formation and wound healing the same as gefitinib. We found that WS-157 upon oral administration showed better anti-tumor activity in A431 bearing xenograft mouse models compared to gefitinib. In addition, WS-157 showed better intestinal absorption than gefitinib and had favorable pharmacokinetic properties and microsomal metabolic stability in different species. These studies indicate that WS-157 has strong antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and could be used for the development of anti-lung cancer agent targeting EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxing He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shenghui Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Siqi Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linna Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhilu Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Chen CP, Chen K, Feng Z, Wen X, Sun H. Synergistic antitumor activity of artesunate and HDAC inhibitors through elevating heme synthesis via synergistic upregulation of ALAS1 expression. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:937-951. [PMID: 31649844 PMCID: PMC6804493 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) were reported to display heme-dependent antitumor activity. On the other hand, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) were known to be able to promote heme synthesis in erythroid cells. Nevertheless, the effect of HDACi on heme homeostasis in non-erythrocytes remains unknown. We envisioned that the combination of HDACi and artesunate (ARS) might have synergistic antitumor activity through modulating heme synthesis. In vitro studies revealed that combination of ARS and HDACi exerted synergistic tumor inhibition by inducing cell death. Moreover, this combination exhibited more effective antitumor activity than either ARS or HDACi monotherapy in xenograft models without apparent toxicity. Importantly, mechanistic studies revealed that HDACi coordinated with ARS to increase 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS1) expression, and subsequent heme production, leading to enhanced cytotoxicity of ARS. Notably, knocking down ALAS1 significantly blunted the synergistic effect of ARS and HDACi on tumor inhibition, indicating a critical role of ALAS1 upregulation in mediating ARS cytotoxicity. Collectively, our study revealed the mechanism of synergistic antitumor action of ARS and HDACi. This finding indicates that modulation of heme synthesis pathway by the combination based on ARTs and other heme synthesis modulators represents a promising therapeutic approach to solid tumors.
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Key Words
- ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid
- ALAD, 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase
- ALAS, 5-aminolevulinate synthase
- ALAS1
- ARS, artesunate
- ART, artemisinin
- Antitumor
- Artesunate
- CCK-8, cell counting kit 8
- CI, combination index
- CMCNa, carboxymethyl cellulose
- DHA, dihydroartemisinin
- DMAB, (dimethylamino)benzaldehyde
- FECH, ferrochelatase
- GSDME, gasdermin E
- HDAC inhibitor
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDACi, HDAC inhibitor
- HMBS, hydroxymethylbilane synthase
- Heme
- KD, knockdown
- KO, knockout
- LBH589, panobinostat
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PI, propidium iodide
- PpIX, protoporphyrin IX
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA, succinyl acetone
- SAHA, vorinostat
- WT, wild-type
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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18
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Development of precision medicine approaches based on inter-individual variability of BCRP/ ABCG2. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:659-674. [PMID: 31384528 PMCID: PMC6664102 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a rapidly-developing modality of medicine in human healthcare. Based on each patient׳s unique characteristics, more accurate dosages and drug selection can be made to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and less adverse reactions in precision medicine. A patient׳s individual parameters that affect drug transporter action can be used to develop a precision medicine guidance, due to the fact that therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs can both be affected by expression and function of drug transporters on the cell membrane surface. The purpose of this review is to summarize unique characteristics of human breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP) and the genetic variability in the BCRP encoded gene ABCG2 in the development of precision medicine. Inter-individual variability of BCRP/ABCG2 can impact choices and outcomes of drug treatment for several diseases, including cancer chemotherapy. Several factors have been implicated in expression and function of BCRP, including genetic, epigenetic, physiologic, pathologic, and environmental factors. Understanding the roles of these factors in controlling expression and function of BCRP is critical for the development of precision medicine based on BCRP-mediated drug transport.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- 5-aza-C, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- ABCG2, ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2
- ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- AUC, area under curve
- BCRP
- BCRP, breast cancer resistant protein
- Epigenetics
- FTC, fumitremorgin C
- Gene polymorphisms
- H3K4me3, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation
- H3K9me3, histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation
- H3S10P, histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HIF-1α, hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type-1
- HMG-CoA, β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MDR1, multidrug resistance 1
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- Physiologic factors
- Precision medicine
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- Tat, transactivator protein
- miRNA, microRNA
- siRNA, small RNA interference
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19
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Zhou X, Wang A, Wang L, Yin J, Wang L, Di L, Hoi MPM, Shan L, Wu X, Wang Y. A Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-010 Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Human Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:722. [PMID: 31293428 PMCID: PMC6606714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously demonstrated that a Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine conjugate DT-010 enhanced anticancer effect of doxorubicin (Dox) in Dox-sensitive human breast cancer cells, and protected against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. This work was designed to see whether DT-010 overcomes Dox resistance in resistant human breast cancer cells. Methods: The effects of DT-010, Dox or their combination on cell viability of Dox-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells were conducted using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry after Annexin V-FITC/PI co-staining. Dox accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells was detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. A fluorometric multidrug resistance (MDR) assay kit was used to evaluate the effect of DT-010 on MDR transporter activity. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and activity were analyzed by Western blot and rhodamine 123 (Rh123) efflux assay, respectively. The effects of DT-010 on glycolysis and mitochondrial stress were detected using an Extracellular Flux Analyzer. A Succinate Dehydrogenase Activity Assay kit was used to measure mitochondrial complex II activity. Results: At non-cytotoxic concentrations, DT-010 in combination with Dox led to a significant growth inhibition of MCF-7/ADR cells, suggesting a synergy between DT-010 and Dox to reverse Dox resistance. DT-010 restored Dox-mediated apoptosis and p53 induction in MCF-7/ADR cells. DT-010 increased Dox accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells via inhibiting P-gp activity, but without changing P-gp expression. Further studies showed that DT-010 significantly inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial function of MCF-7/ADR cells. Mitochondrial complex II activity was inhibited by DT-010 or DT-010/Dox combination, but not by Dox. The DT-010-mediated suppression of metabolic process may render cells more vulnerable to Dox treatment and thus result in enhanced efficacy. Conclusions: The results indicate that DT-010 overcomes Dox resistance in human breast cancer cells through a dual action via simultaneously inhibiting P-gp-mediated drug efflux and influencing metabolic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.,PU-UM Innovative Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhuhai, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Lijun Di
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Maggie Pui-Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Salaroglio IC, Mungo E, Gazzano E, Kopecka J, Riganti C. ERK is a Pivotal Player of Chemo-Immune-Resistance in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102505. [PMID: 31117237 PMCID: PMC6566596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs) act as pleiotropic molecules in tumors, where they activate pro-survival pathways leading to cell proliferation and migration, as well as modulate apoptosis, differentiation, and senescence. Given its central role as sensor of extracellular signals, ERK transduction system is widely exploited by cancer cells subjected to environmental stresses, such as chemotherapy and anti-tumor activity of the host immune system. Aggressive tumors have a tremendous ability to adapt and survive in stressing and unfavorable conditions. The simultaneous resistance to chemotherapy and immune system responses is common, and ERK signaling plays a key role in both types of resistance. In this review, we dissect the main ERK-dependent mechanisms and feedback circuitries that simultaneously determine chemoresistance and immune-resistance/immune-escape in cancer cells. We discuss the pros and cons of targeting ERK signaling to induce chemo-immune-sensitization in refractory tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Mungo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Transporter and Lysosomal Mediated (Multi)drug Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Potential Strategies to Overcome Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120503. [PMID: 30544701 PMCID: PMC6315453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that target specific protein kinases. These tyrosine kinase inhibitors constitute a relatively new class of drugs which target for instance Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR). Despite some initial successes, the overall therapeutic benefit of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the clinic has been mixed. Next to mutations in the target, multidrug resistance is a major obstacle for which still no clinically effective strategies have been developed. Major mechanisms of multidrug resistance are mediated by drug efflux transporter proteins. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that multidrug resistance can also be caused by lysosomal sequestration of drugs, effectively trapping tyrosine kinase inhibitors and preventing them from reaching their target. Lysosomal drug sequestration seems to work together with ATP-binding cassette transporters, increasing the capacity of lysosomes to mediate sequestration. Both membrane efflux transporter proteins and lysosomes present potential therapeutic targets that could reverse multidrug resistance and increase drug efficacy in combination therapy. This review describes both mechanisms and discusses a number of proposed strategies to circumvent or reverse tyrosine kinase inhibitor-related multidrug resistance.
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