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Wang W, Bhushan GL, Paz S, Stauft CB, Selvaraj P, Goguet E, Bishop-Lilly KA, Subramanian R, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Cong Y, Agan B, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Fries A, Fung CK, Conte MA, Holbrook MR, Wang TT, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.05.588359. [PMID: 38712124 PMCID: PMC11071293 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gitanjali L. Bhushan
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Paz
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles B. Stauft
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Prabhu Selvaraj
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian K. Fung
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A. Conte
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony T. Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Lusvarghi S, Stauft CB, Vassell R, Williams B, Baha H, Wang W, Neerukonda SN, Wang T, Weiss CD. Effects of N-glycan modifications on spike expression, virus infectivity, and neutralization sensitivity in ancestral compared to Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011788. [PMID: 37943965 PMCID: PMC10662749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein has 22 potential N-linked glycosylation sites per monomer that are highly conserved among diverse variants, but how individual glycans affect virus entry and neutralization of Omicron variants has not been extensively characterized. Here we compared the effects of specific glycan deletions or modifications in the Omicron BA.1 and D614G spikes on spike expression, processing, and incorporation into pseudoviruses, as well as on virus infectivity and neutralization by therapeutic antibodies. We found that loss of potential glycans at spike residues N717 and N801 each conferred a loss of pseudovirus infectivity for Omicron but not for D614G or Delta variants. This decrease in infectivity correlated with decreased spike processing and incorporation into Omicron pseudoviruses. Oligomannose-enriched Omicron pseudoviruses generated in GnTI- cells or in the presence of kifunensine were non-infectious, whereas D614G or Delta pseudoviruses generated under similar conditions remained infectious. Similarly, growth of live (authentic) SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of kifunensine resulted in a greater reduction of titers for the BA.1.1 variant than Delta or D614G variants relative to their respective, untreated controls. Finally, we found that loss of some N-glycans, including N343 and N234, increased the maximum percent neutralization by the class 3 S309 monoclonal antibody against D614G but not BA.1 variants, while these glycan deletions altered the neutralization potency of the class 1 COV2-2196 and Etesevimab monoclonal antibodies without affecting maximum percent neutralization. The maximum neutralization by some antibodies also varied with the glycan composition, with oligomannose-enriched pseudoviruses conferring the highest percent neutralization. These results highlight differences in the interactions between glycans and residues among SARS-CoV-2 variants that can affect spike expression, virus infectivity, and susceptibility of variants to antibody neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Stauft
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brittany Williams
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haseebullah Baha
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tony Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring Maryland, United States of America
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3
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Murakami M, Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Abel B, Vahedi S, Golin J, Ambudkar SV. Second-site suppressor mutations reveal connection between the drug-binding pocket and nucleotide-binding domain 1 of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Drug Resist Updat 2023; 71:101009. [PMID: 37797431 PMCID: PMC10842643 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or ABCB1 is overexpressed in many cancers and has been implicated in altering the bioavailability of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their efflux, resulting in the development of chemoresistance. To elucidate the mechanistic aspects and structure-function relationships of P-gp, we previously utilized a tyrosine (Y)-enriched P-gp mutant (15Y) and demonstrated that at least 15 conserved residues in the drug-binding pocket of P-gp are responsible for optimal substrate interaction and transport. To further understand the role of these 15 residues, two new mutants were generated, namely 6Y with the substitution of six residues (F72, F303, I306, F314, F336 and L339) with Y in transmembrane domain (TMD) 1 and 9Y with nine substitutions (F732, F759, F770, F938, F942, M949, L975, F983 and F994) in TMD2. Although both the mutants were expressed at normal levels at the cell surface, the 6Y mutant failed to transport all the tested substrates except Bodipy-verapamil, whereas the 9Y mutant effluxed all tested substrates in a manner very similar to that of the wild-type protein. Further mutational analysis revealed that two second-site mutations, one in intracellular helix (ICH) 4 (F916Y) and one in the Q loop of nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) 1 (F480Y) restored the transport function of 6Y. Additional biochemical data and comparative molecular dynamics simulations of the 6Y and 6Y+F916Y mutant indicate that the Q-loop of NBD1 of P-gp communicates with the substrate-binding sites in the transmembrane region through ICH4. This is the first evidence for the existence of second-site suppressors in human P-gp that allow recovery of the loss of transport function caused by primary mutations. Further study of such mutations could facilitate mapping of the communication pathway between the substrate-binding pocket and the NBDs of P-gp and possibly other ABC drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Biebele Abel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John Golin
- Department of Biology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Mühlemann B, Wilks SH, Baracco L, Bekliz M, Carreño JM, Corman VM, Davis-Gardner ME, Dejnirattisai W, Diamond MS, Douek DC, Drosten C, Eckerle I, Edara VV, Ellis M, Fouchier RAM, Frieman M, Godbole S, Haagmans B, Halfmann PJ, Henry AR, Jones TC, Katzelnick LC, Kawaoka Y, Kimpel J, Krammer F, Lai L, Liu C, Lusvarghi S, Meyer B, Mongkolsapaya J, Montefiori DC, Mykytyn A, Netzl A, Pollett S, Rössler A, Screaton GR, Shen X, Sigal A, Simon V, Subramanian R, Supasa P, Suthar M, Türeli S, Wang W, Weiss CD, Smith DJ. Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model Sera. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.27.559689. [PMID: 37808679 PMCID: PMC10557678 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires ongoing monitoring to judge the immune escape of newly arising variants. A surveillance system necessitates an understanding of differences in neutralization titers measured in different assays and using human and animal sera. We compared 18 datasets generated using human, hamster, and mouse sera, and six different neutralization assays. Titer magnitude was lowest in human, intermediate in hamster, and highest in mouse sera. Fold change, immunodominance patterns and antigenic maps were similar among sera. Most assays yielded similar results, except for differences in fold change in cytopathic effect assays. Not enough data was available for conclusively judging mouse sera, but hamster sera were a consistent surrogate for human first-infection sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel H Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Lauren Baracco
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Meriem Bekliz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meredith E Davis-Gardner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky the Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Venkata-Viswanadh Edara
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madison Ellis
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthew Frieman
- Center for Pathogen Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sucheta Godbole
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bart Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy R Henry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Centre of Vaccinology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Antonia Netzl
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Annika Rössler
- Institute of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogen Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mehul Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sina Türeli
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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5
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Rahman H, Ware MJ, Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Ambudkar SV. Residues from Homologous Transmembrane Helices 4 and 10 Are Critical for P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1)-Mediated Drug Transport. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3459. [PMID: 37444569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) transports structurally dissimilar hydrophobic and amphipathic compounds, including anticancer drugs, thus contributing to multidrug-resistant cancer. Cryo-EM structures of human P-gp revealed that TMHs 4 and 10 contribute to the formation of the drug-binding cavity and undergo conformational changes during drug transport. To assess the role of the conformational changes in TMH4 and TMH10 during drug transport, we generated two mutants (TMH4-7A and TMH10-7A), each containing seven alanine substitutions. Analysis of the drug efflux function of these mutants using 15 fluorescent substrates revealed that most of the substrates were transported, indicating that even seven mutations in an individual helix have no significant effect on transport function. We then designed the TMH4,10-14A mutant combining seven mutations in both TMHs 4 and 10. Interestingly, when the TMH4,10-14A mutant was tested with 15 substrates, there was no efflux observed for fourteen. The basal ATPase activity of the TMH4,10-14A mutant, similar to that of the WT protein, was inhibited by zosuquidar but was not stimulated by verapamil or rhodamine 6G. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the mutations cause TMHs 4 and 10 to pack tighter to their proximal helices, reducing their independent mobility. In aggregate, our findings demonstrate the critical role of the residues of homologous TMHs 4 and 10 for substrate transport, consistent with conformational changes observed in the structure of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiar Rahman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Mark J Ware
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
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6
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Goguet E, Weiss CD, Olsen C, Powers JH, Coggins SA, Tribble D, Davies J, Illinik L, Lusvarghi S, Edwards MS, Jackson-Thompson B, Hollis-Perry M, Pollett S, Wang G, Alcorta Y, Wong M, Saunders D, Mohammed R, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Haines-Hull H, Moser MS, Samuels EC, Tso MS, Graydon E, Malloy AM, Schully K, Burgess T, Broder CC, Laing ED, Mitre E. 1047. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections, BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 Vaccine-Related Symptoms, and Correlates of Immunity in Post-Vaccination Breakthrough Infections in the Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion (PASS) Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We sought to determine the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 vaccine-related symptoms, and the correlates of immunity in post-vaccination breakthrough infections in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers.
Methods
We have been conducting a single-center, observational cohort study of healthcare workers. 271 participants were enrolled since August 25, 2020. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific IgG antibodies is conducted using a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay interpolated against an internal standard curve for binding antibody (bAb) units (BAU) and has been performed on serum samples collected at monthly visits between September 2020 to August of 2021, and quarterly since then. Neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type (WT) virus are determined by microneutralization assays and against Delta and Omicron variants by lentiviral pseudovirus neutralization assays. For the first 6 months, participants completed a symptoms questionnaire every day they had any symptoms.
Results
12 participants were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, with at least mild symptoms. Of 206 participants evaluated for adverse effects after 1st and 2nd vaccine doses, no relationship was observed between vaccine-associated symptom scores and antibody titers 1 month after the 2nd dose. Longitudinal studies demonstrate that anti-S IgG bAbs decrease from a geometric mean (GM) of 1929 BAU/mL at 1 month post-vaccination to a GM of 442 BAU/mL at 6 months post-vaccination (P< 0.001, n=187), and that boosting increases S-specific IgG BAU. While only 5 of 39 participants had detectable anti-Omicron neutralizing activity 1 month after 2 vaccinations, booster vaccination resulted in detectable neutralizing activity for all participants.
Conclusion
Asymptomatic infection is likely rare, that there is no relationship between vaccine-associated symptom severity and antibody titers 1 month after the 2nd vaccination, and that booster results in better protection against the Omicron variant. Ongoing studies are evaluating serological and cellular immune responses immediately prior to 38 breakthrough infections in an attempt to identify immune correlates of protection and will be reported at the conference.
Disclosures
John H. Powers, III, MD, Arrevus: Advisor/Consultant|Eicos: Advisor/Consultant|Evofem: Advisor/Consultant|Eyecheck: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|OPKO: Advisor/Consultant|Resolve: Advisor/Consultant|Romark: Advisor/Consultant|SpineBioPharma: Advisor/Consultant|UTIlity: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Advisor/Consultant David Tribble, MD, DrPH, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Simon Pollett, MBBS, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Timothy Burgess, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol D Weiss
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Cara Olsen
- Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julian Davies
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Admninistration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Margaret Sanchez Edwards
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory Wang
- Naval Medical Research Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- CTC, NMRC , General Dynamics Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mimi Wong
- CTC, NMRC , General Dynamics Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Saunders
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Orlando Ortega
- HJF, Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison M Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward Mitre
- Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland
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7
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Wang W, Lusvarghi S, Subramanian R, Epsi NJ, Wang R, Goguet E, Fries AC, Echegaray F, Vassell R, Coggins SA, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ewers EC, Larson DT, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Joseph JO, Rozman JS, Smith A, Lalani T, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Jones MU, Mody R, Huprikar N, Livezey J, Saunders D, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Ganesan A, Simons MP, Broder CC, Tribble DR, Laing ED, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1745-1758.e7. [PMID: 36356586 PMCID: PMC9584854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, or both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural variants and 7 variants with engineered spike mutations and analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps of primary infection sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased neutralization of BA.1 more than BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited higher neutralization titers to all variants than three vaccinations alone, although with less neutralization to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralization titer magnitude and antigenic recognition. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants when interpreting neutralization titers can aid the understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity that informs the selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Fernando Echegaray
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | | | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Janet O Joseph
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Livezey
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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8
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Neerukonda SN, Wang R, Vassell R, Baha H, Lusvarghi S, Liu S, Wang T, Weiss CD, Wang W. Characterization of Entry Pathways, Species-Specific Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Residues Determining Entry, and Antibody Neutralization Evasion of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Variants. J Virol 2022; 96:e0114022. [PMID: 36000843 PMCID: PMC9472608 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01140-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants were first detected in November 2021, and several Omicron lineages (BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5) have since rapidly emerged. Studies characterizing the mechanisms of Omicron variant infection and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies induced upon vaccination are ongoing by several groups. In the present study, we used pseudoviruses to show that the transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) enhances infection of BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 Omicron variants to a lesser extent than ancestral D614G. We further show that Omicron variants have higher sensitivity to inhibition by soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the endosomal inhibitor chloroquine compared to D614G. The Omicron variants also more efficiently used ACE2 receptors from 9 out of 10 animal species tested, and unlike the D614G variant, used mouse ACE2 due to the Q493R and Q498R spike substitutions. Finally, neutralization of the Omicron variants by antibodies induced by three doses of Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was 7- to 8-fold less potent than the D614G. These results provide insights into the transmissibility and immune evasion capacity of the emerging Omicron variants to curb their ongoing spread. IMPORTANCE The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants with an extensive number of spike mutations poses a significant public health and zoonotic concern due to enhanced transmission fitness and escape from neutralizing antibodies. We studied three Omicron lineage variants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3) and found that transmembrane serine protease 2 has less influence on Omicron entry into cells than on D614G, and Omicron exhibits greater sensitivity to endosomal entry inhibition compared to D614G. In addition, Omicron displays more efficient usage of diverse animal species ACE2 receptors than D614G. Furthermore, due to Q493R/Q498R substitutions in spike, Omicron, but not D614G, can use the mouse ACE2 receptor. Finally, three doses of Pfizer/BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination elicit high neutralization titers against Omicron variants, although the neutralization titers are still 7- to 8-fold lower those that against D614G. These results may give insights into the transmissibility and immune evasion capacity of the emerging Omicron variants to curb their ongoing spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Haseebullah Baha
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shufeng Liu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation, Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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9
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Yang Y, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Ji N, Chen ZS. Abstract 407: OTS964, a TOPK inhibitor, is susceptible to ABCG2-mediated drug resistance. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has known to be one of the most important mechanisms responsible for the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). OTS964 is a potent T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) inhibitor. Herein, we investigated the interaction of OTS964 and MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2, breast cancer resistance protein/BCRP). The cell viability assay indicated that the effectiveness of OTS964 is limited in drug-resistant and gene-transfected cells overexpressing ABCG2. We found that the known ABCG2 inhibitor is able to sensitize ABCG2-overexpressing cells to OTS964. In mechanism-based studies, OTS964 shows inhibitory effect on the efflux function mediated by ABCG2, and in turn, affects the pharmacokinetic profile of other ABCG2 substrate-drugs. Furthermore, OTS964 upregulates ABCG2 protein and mRNA expression levels, resulting in enhanced resistance to ABCG2 substrate-drugs. The ATPase assay demonstrated that OTS964 stimulates ATPase activity of ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner, and that this stimulation can be antagonized by a verified ABCG2 ATPase inhibitor. Additionally, the computational molecular docking analysis combined with results from ATPase assay suggested that OTS964 interacts with drug-binding pocket of ABCG2 protein and has substrate-like behaviors. Thus, OTS964 is an MDR-susceptible agent due to its interactions with ABCG2, and overexpression of ABCG2 transporter may attenuate its therapeutic effect in cancer cells.
Citation Format: Yuqi Yang, Zhuo-Xun Wu, Jing-Quan Wang, Qiu-Xu Teng, Zi-Ning Lei, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Ning Ji, Zhe-Sheng Chen. OTS964, a TOPK inhibitor, is susceptible to ABCG2-mediated drug resistance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 407.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Ji
- 3Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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10
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Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, Goguet E, Hollis-Perry M, Coggins SA, Simons MP, Katzelnick LC, Wang G, Tribble DR, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Broder CC, Erlandson KJ, Laing ED, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Weiss CD. SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 variant is neutralized by vaccine booster-elicited serum but evades most convalescent serum and therapeutic antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn8543. [PMID: 35380448 PMCID: PMC8995032 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the highly contagious Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) along with its high number of mutations in the spike gene has raised alarms about the effectiveness of current medical countermeasures. To address this concern, we measured the neutralization of the Omicron BA.1 variant pseudovirus by postvaccination serum samples after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BioNTech162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA (Pfizer/BNT162b2) vaccine, convalescent serum samples from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies. We found that titers against the Omicron variant were low or undetectable after two immunizations and in many convalescent serum samples, regardless of the infecting variant. A booster vaccination increased titers more than 30-fold against Omicron to values comparable to those seen against the D614G variant after two immunizations. Neither age nor sex was associated with the differences in postvaccination antibody responses. We also evaluated 18 clinical-stage therapeutic antibody products and an antibody mimetic protein product obtained directly from the manufacturers. Five monoclonal antibodies, the antibody mimetic protein, three antibody cocktails, and two polyclonal antibody preparations retained measurable neutralization activity against Omicron with a varying degree of potency. Of these, only three retained potencies comparable to the D614G variant. Two therapeutic antibody cocktails in the tested panel that are authorized for emergency use in the United States did not neutralize Omicron. These findings underscore the potential benefit of mRNA vaccine boosters for protection against Omicron and the need for rapid development of antibody therapeutics that maintain potency against emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - Anthony C. Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH, USA, 45433
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - David A. Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston; TX, USA, 78234
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Christopher J. Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord; WA, USA, 98431
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso; TX, USA, 799218
| | - Evan C. Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir; VA, USA, 22060
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth; VA, USA, 23708
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20889
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD, USA, 20910
| | - Si’Ana A. Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Mark P. Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD, USA, 20910
- General Dynamics Information Technology; Falls Church, VA, USA, 22042
| | - David R. Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistance Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Human Health and Services; Washington D.C., USA, 20201
| | - Ann E. Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, Maryland, USA, 20892
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Karl J. Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Washington, D.C., USA, 20024
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
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11
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Abel B, Murakami M, Tosh DK, Yu J, Lusvarghi S, Campbell RG, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Ambudkar SV. Interaction of A 3 adenosine receptor ligands with the human multidrug transporter ABCG2. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114103. [PMID: 35152062 PMCID: PMC8893036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Various adenosine receptor nucleoside-like ligands were found to modulate ATP hydrolysis by the multidrug transporter ABCG2. Both ribose-containing and rigidified (N)-methanocarba nucleosides (C2-, N6- and 5'-modified), as well as adenines (C2-, N6-, and deaza modified), were included. 57 compounds out of 63 tested either stimulated (50) or inhibited (7) basal ATPase activity. Structure-activity analysis showed a separation of adenosine receptor and ABCG2 activities. The 7-deaza modification had favorable effects in both (N)-methanocarba nucleosides and adenines. Adenine 37c (MRS7608) and (N)-methanocarba 7-deaza-5'-ethyl ester 60 (MRS7343) were found to be potent stimulators of ABCG2 ATPase activity with EC50 values of 13.2 ± 1.7 and 13.2 ± 2.2 nM, respectively. Both had affinity in the micromolar range for A3 adenosine receptor and lacked the 5'-amide agonist-enabling group (37c was reported as a weak A3 antagonist, Ki 6.82 μM). Compound 60 significantly inhibited ABCG2 substrate transport (IC50 0.44 μM). Docking simulations predicted the interaction of 60 with 21 residues in the drug-binding pocket of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biebele Abel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (BA, MM, SL, SVA), USA
| | - Megumi Murakami
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (BA, MM, SL, SVA), USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DKT, JY, RGC, ZGG, KAJ), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinha Yu
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DKT, JY, RGC, ZGG, KAJ), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (BA, MM, SL, SVA), USA
| | - Ryan G Campbell
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DKT, JY, RGC, ZGG, KAJ), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DKT, JY, RGC, ZGG, KAJ), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DKT, JY, RGC, ZGG, KAJ), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (BA, MM, SL, SVA), USA.
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12
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Lusvarghi S, Wang W, Herrup R, Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Weiss CD. Key Substitutions in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Can Predict Resistance to Monoclonal Antibodies, but Other Substitutions Can Modify the Effects. J Virol 2022; 96:e0111021. [PMID: 34668774 PMCID: PMC8754225 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01110-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants can compromise the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies. Most clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies target the spike receptor binding domain (RBD), but variants often have multiple mutations in several spike regions. To help predict antibody potency against emerging variants, we evaluated 25 clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies for neutralization activity against 60 pseudoviruses bearing spikes with single or multiple substitutions in several spike domains, including the full set of substitutions in B.1.1.7 (alpha), B.1.351 (beta), P.1 (gamma), B.1.429 (epsilon), B.1.526 (iota), A.23.1, and R.1 variants. We found that 14 of 15 single antibodies were vulnerable to at least one RBD substitution, but most combination and polyclonal therapeutic antibodies remained potent. Key substitutions in variants with multiple spike substitutions predicted resistance, but the degree of resistance could be modified in unpredictable ways by other spike substitutions that may reside outside the RBD. These findings highlight the importance of assessing antibody potency in the context of all substitutions in a variant and show that epistatic interactions in spike can modify virus susceptibility to therapeutic antibodies. IMPORTANCE Therapeutic antibodies are effective in preventing severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), but their effectiveness may be reduced by virus variants with mutations affecting the spike protein. To help predict resistance to therapeutic antibodies in emerging variants, we profiled resistance patterns of 25 antibody products in late stages of clinical development against a large panel of variants that include single and multiple substitutions found in the spike protein. We found that the presence of a key substitution in variants with multiple spike substitutions can predict resistance against a variant but that other substitutions can affect the degree of resistance in unpredictable ways. These findings highlight complex interactions among substitutions in the spike protein affecting virus neutralization and, potentially, virus entry into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Herrup
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Human Health and Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ann E. Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl J. Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Product, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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13
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Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, Goguet E, Hollis-Perry M, Coggins SA, Simons MP, Katzelnick LC, Wang G, Tribble DR, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Broder CC, Erlandson KJ, Laing ED, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Weiss CD. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron neutralization by therapeutic antibodies, convalescent sera, and post-mRNA vaccine booster. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.22.473880. [PMID: 34981057 PMCID: PMC8722594 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.22.473880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 along with its high number of mutations in the spike gene has raised alarm about the effectiveness of current medical countermeasures. To address this concern, we measured neutralizing antibodies against Omicron in three important settings: (1) post-vaccination sera after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BNT162b2 vaccine, (2) convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and (3) clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies. Using a pseudovirus neutralization assay, we found that titers against Omicron were low or undetectable after two immunizations and in most convalescent sera. A booster vaccination significantly increased titers against Omicron to levels comparable to those seen against the ancestral (D614G) variant after two immunizations. Neither age nor sex were associated with differences in post-vaccination antibody responses. Only three of 24 therapeutic antibodies tested retained their full potency against Omicron and high-level resistance was seen against fifteen. These findings underscore the potential benefit of booster mRNA vaccines for protection against Omicron and the need for additional therapeutic antibodies that are more robust to highly mutated variants. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY Third dose of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variant compared to a second dose, while neutralization of Omicron by convalescent sera, two-dose vaccine-elicited sera, or therapeutic antibodies is variable and often low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson, OH, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistance Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Human Health and Services, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Ann E Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karl J Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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14
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Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Wang R, Echegaray F, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD, Wang W. SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Displays Moderate Resistance to Neutralizing Antibodies and Spike Protein Properties of Higher Soluble ACE2 Sensitivity, Enhanced Cleavage and Fusogenic Activity. Viruses 2021; 13:2485. [PMID: 34960755 PMCID: PMC8707919 DOI: 10.3390/v13122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage variants, Kappa (B.1.617.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2, AY) emerged during the second wave of infections in India, but the Delta variants have become dominant worldwide and continue to evolve. Here, we compared B.1.617 variants for neutralization resistance by convalescent sera, mRNA vaccine-elicited sera, and therapeutic neutralizing antibodies using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and AY.1 pseudoviruses showed a modest 1.5- to 4.4-fold reduction in neutralization by convalescent sera and vaccine-elicited sera. In comparison, similar modest reductions were also observed for C.37, P.1, R.1, and B.1.526 pseudoviruses, but 7- and 16-fold reductions for vaccine-elicited and convalescent sera, respectively, were seen for B.1.351 pseudoviruses. Among twenty-three therapeutic antibodies tested, four antibodies showed either complete or partial loss of neutralization against B.1.617.2 pseudoviruses and six antibodies showed either complete or partial loss of neutralization against B.1.617.1 and AY.1 pseudoviruses. Our results indicate that the current mRNA-based vaccines will likely remain effective in protecting against B.1.617 variants. Finally, the P681R substitution confers efficient cleavage of B.1.617 variants' spike proteins and the spike of Delta variants exhibited greater sensitivity to soluble ACE2 neutralization, as well as fusogenic activity, which may contribute to enhanced spread of Delta variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Fernando Echegaray
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.E.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistance Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Ann E. Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Karl J. Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (F.E.); (L.C.K.)
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (S.N.N.); (R.V.); (S.L.); (R.W.)
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15
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Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Wang R, Echegaray F, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Erlandson KJ, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD, Wang W. SARS-COV-2 Delta variant displays moderate resistance to neutralizing antibodies and spike protein properties of higher soluble ACE2 sensitivity, enhanced cleavage and fusogenic activity. bioRxiv 2021:2021.11.05.467523. [PMID: 34790980 PMCID: PMC8597883 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.05.467523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 lineage variants, Kappa (B.1.617.1) and Delta (B.1.617.2, AY) emerged during the second wave of infections in India, but the Delta variants have become dominant worldwide and continue to evolve. The spike proteins of B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and AY.1 variants have several substitutions in the receptor binding domain (RBD), including L452R+E484Q, L452R+T478K, and K417N+L452R+T478K, respectively, that could potentially reduce effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies and current vaccines. Here we compared B.1.617 variants, and their single and double RBD substitutions for resistance to neutralization by convalescent sera, mRNA vaccine-elicited sera, and therapeutic neutralizing antibodies using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Pseudoviruses with the B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and AY.1 spike showed a modest 1.5 to 4.4-fold reduction in neutralization titer by convalescent sera and vaccine-elicited sera. In comparison, similar modest reductions were also observed for pseudoviruses with C.37, P.1, R.1, and B.1.526 spikes, but seven- and sixteen-fold reduction for vaccine-elicited and convalescent sera, respectively, was seen for pseudoviruses with the B.1.351 spike. Four of twenty-three therapeutic neutralizing antibodies showed either complete or partial loss of neutralization against B.1.617.2 pseudoviruses due to the L452R substitution, whereas six of twenty-three therapeutic neutralizing antibodies showed either complete or partial loss of neutralization against B.1.617.1 pseudoviruses due to either the E484Q or L452R substitution. Against AY.1 pseudoviruses, the L452R and K417N substitutions accounted for the loss of neutralization by four antibodies and one antibody, respectively, whereas one antibody lost potency that could not be fully accounted for by a single RBD substitution. The modest resistance of B.1.617 variants to vaccine-elicited sera suggest that current mRNA-based vaccines will likely remain effective in protecting against B.1.617 variants, but the therapeutic antibodies need to be carefully selected based on their resistance profiles. Finally, the spike proteins of B.1.617 variants are more efficiently cleaved due to the P681R substitution, and the spike of Delta variants exhibited greater sensitivity to soluble ACE2 neutralization, as well as fusogenic activity, which may contribute to enhanced spread of Delta variants.
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16
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Liang B, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Mechanistic Insights into Photodynamic Regulation of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Drug Transporters. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1578-1587. [PMID: 36118950 PMCID: PMC9476936 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to overcome cancer multidrug resistance through inhibition of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 have largely failed in the clinic. The challenges faced during the development of non-toxic modulators suggest a need for a conceptual shift to new strategies for the inhibition of ABC drug transporters. Here, we reveal the fundamental mechanisms by which photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be exploited to manipulate the function and integrity of ABC drug transporters. PDT is a clinically relevant, photochemistry-based tool that involves the light activation of photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species. ATPase activity and in silico molecular docking analyses show that the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) binds to ABCB1 and ABCG2 with micromolar half-maximal inhibitory concentrations in the absence of light. Light activation of BPD generates singlet oxygen to further reduce the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by up to 12-fold in an optical dose-dependent manner. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed that light-activated BPD induces the aggregation of these transporters by covalent cross-linking. We provide a proof of principle that PDT affects the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by modulating the ATPase activity and protein integrity of these transporters. Insights gained from this study concerning the photodynamic manipulation of ABC drug transporters could aid in the development and application of new optical tools to overcome the multidrug resistance that often develops after cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry
J. Liang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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17
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Abstract
Accurate detection of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter ABCB1 expression is imperative for precise identification of drug-resistant tumors. Existing detection methods fail to provide the necessary molecular details regarding the functional state of the transporter. Photo-immunoconjugates are a unique class of antibody-dye conjugates for molecular diagnosis and therapeutic treatment. However, conjugating hydrophobic photosensitizers to hydrophilic antibodies is quite challenging. Here, we devise a photoimmunoconjugate that combines a clinically approved benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) photosensitizer and the conformational-sensitive UIC2 monoclonal antibody to target functionally active human ABCB1 (i.e., ABCB1 in the inward-open conformation). We show that PEGylation of UIC2 enhances the BPD conjugation efficiency and reduces the amount of non-covalently conjugated BPD molecules by 17%. Size exclusion chromatography effectively separates the different molecular weight species found in the UIC2-BPD sample. The binding of UIC2-BPD to ABCB1 was demonstrated in lipidic nanodiscs and ABCB1-overexpressing triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. UIC2-BPD was found to retain the conformation sensitivity of UIC2, as the addition of ABCB1 modulators increases the antibody reactivity in vitro. Thus, the inherent fluorescence capability of BPD can be used to label ABCB1-overexpressing TNBC cells using UIC2-BPD. Our findings provide insight into conjugation of hydrophobic photosensitizers to conformation-sensitive antibodies to target proteins expressed on the surface of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Liang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; and Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Room 2120, Bldg 37, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8278 Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MD 20742-5031, USA; and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1595, USA
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18
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Wu CP, Hung TH, Lusvarghi S, Chu YH, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Chang YT, Ambudkar SV. The third-generation EGFR inhibitor almonertinib (HS-10296) resensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114516. [PMID: 33713643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporter ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) or ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP) in cancer cells often contributes significantly to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer patients. Previous reports have demonstrated that some epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could modulate the activity of ABCB1 and/or ABCG2 in human cancer cells, whereas some EGFR TKIs are transport substrates of these transporters. Almonertinib (HS-10296) is a promising, orally available third-generation EGFR TKI for the treatment of EGFR T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in patients who have progressed on or after other EGFR TKI therapies. Additional clinical trials are currently in progress to study almonertinib as monotherapy and in combination with other agents in patients with NSCLC. In the present work, we found that neither ABCB1 nor ABCG2 confers significant resistance to almonertinib. More importantly, we discovered that almonertinib was able to reverse MDR mediated by ABCB1, but not ABCG2, in multidrug-resistant cancer cells at submicromolar concentrations by inhibiting the drug transport activity of ABCB1 without affecting its expression level. These findings are further supported by in silico docking of almonertinib in the drug-binding pocket of ABCB1. In summary, our study revealed an additional activity of almonertinib to re-sensitize ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, which may be beneficial for cancer patients and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tzu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Lusvarghi S, Durell SR, Ambudkar SV. Does the ATP-bound EQ mutant reflect the pre- or post-ATP hydrolysis state in the catalytic cycle of human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)? FEBS Lett 2021; 595:750-762. [PMID: 33547668 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is an ABC transporter associated with the development of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy. During its catalytic cycle, P-gp undergoes significant conformational changes. Recently, atomic structures of some of these conformations have been resolved using cryo-electron microscopy. The ATP hydrolysis-defective mutant of the catalytic glutamate residue of the Walker B motif (E556Q/E1201Q) has been used to determine the structure of the ATP-bound inward-closed conformation of P-gp. Here, we show that this mutant does not appear to undergo the same steps as wild-type P-gp. We discuss conformational differences in the EQ mutant that may lead to a better understanding of the catalytic cycle of P-gp and propose that additional structural studies with wild-type P-gp are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Yang Y, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS, Yang DH. OTS964, a TOPK Inhibitor, Is Susceptible to ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:620874. [PMID: 33658942 PMCID: PMC7917255 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.620874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OTS964 is a potent T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) inhibitor. Herein, we investigated the interaction of OTS964 and multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2). The cell viability assay indicated that the effect of OTS964 is limited in cancer drug-resistant and transfected cells overexpressing ABCG2. We found that the known ABCG2 transporter inhibitor has the ability to sensitize ABCG2-overexpressing cells to OTS964. In mechanism-based studies, OTS964 shows inhibitory effect on the efflux function mediated by ABCG2, and in turn, affects the pharmacokinetic profile of other ABCG2 substrate-drugs. Furthermore, OTS964 upregulates ABCG2 protein expression, resulting in enhanced resistance to ABCG2 substrate-drugs. The ATPase assay demonstrated that OTS964 stimulates ATPase activity of ABCG2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The computational molecular docking analysis combined with results from ATPase assay suggested that OTS964 interacts with drug-binding pocket of ABCG2 and has substrate-like behaviors. Thus, OTS964 is an MDR-susceptible agent due to its interactions with ABCG2, and overexpression of ABCG2 transporter may attenuate its therapeutic effect in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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21
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Kita DH, Guragossian N, Zattoni IF, Moure VR, Rego FGDM, Lusvarghi S, Moulenat T, Belhani B, Picheth G, Bouacida S, Bouaziz Z, Marminon C, Berredjem M, Jose J, Gonçalves MB, Ambudkar SV, Valdameri G, Le Borgne M. Mechanistic basis of breast cancer resistance protein inhibition by new indeno[1,2-b]indoles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1788. [PMID: 33469044 PMCID: PMC7815716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79892-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 mediates the efflux of several chemotherapeutic drugs, contributing to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in many cancers. The most promising strategy to overcome ABCG2-mediated MDR is the use of specific inhibitors. Despite many efforts, the identification of new potent and specific ABCG2 inhibitors remains urgent. In this study, a structural optimization of indeno[1,2-b]indole was performed and a new generation of 18 compounds was synthesized and tested as ABCG2 inhibitors. Most compounds showed ABCG2 inhibition with IC50 values below 0.5 µM. The ratio between cytotoxicity (IG50) and ABCG2 inhibition potency (IC50) was used to identify the best inhibitors. In addition, it was observed that some indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives produced complete inhibition, while others only partially inhibited the transport function of ABCG2. All indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives are not transported by ABCG2, and even the partial inhibitors are able to fully chemosensitize cancer cells overexpressing ABCG2. The high affinity of these indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives was confirmed by the strong stimulatory effect on ABCG2 ATPase activity. These compounds did not affect the binding of conformation-sensitive antibody 5D3 binding, but stabilized the protein structure, as revealed by the thermostabilization assay. Finally, a docking study showed the indeno[1,2-b]indole derivatives share the same binding site as the substrate estrone-3-sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Henrique Kita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathalie Guragossian
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Ingrid Fatima Zattoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Vivian Rotuno Moure
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Moulenat
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Billel Belhani
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Geraldo Picheth
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Sofiane Bouacida
- Département Sciences de la Matière, Faculté des Sciences exactes et Sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université Larbi Ben M'hidi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria.,Research Unit for Chemistry of the Environment and Molecular Structural, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zouhair Bouaziz
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Marminon
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France.,Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, PharmaCampus, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos Brown Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80230-901, Brazil
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France. .,Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373, Lyon, France.
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22
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Ashar YV, Zhou J, Gupta P, Teng QX, Lei ZN, Reznik SE, Lusvarghi S, Wurpel J, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS. BMS-599626, a Highly Selective Pan-HER Kinase Inhibitor, Antagonizes ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092502. [PMID: 32899268 PMCID: PMC7565406 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary ABC transporters comprise a large group of ATP binding plasma membrane proteins, classified into subfamilies A-G, that transport substrates out of cells to maintain homeostasis. Prolonged exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs leads to increased expression of ABC transporters in cancer cells, resulting in increased efflux and decreased efficacy of anti-neoplastic agents. We found that BMS-599626, at 300 nM, inhibited the function of ABCG2, thereby increasing the efficacy of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs in wild-type as well as mutant ABCG2 overexpressing cells. In addition, BMS-599626 did not alter the expression or intracellular localization of ABCG2 but produced its reversal effect by decreasing efflux and increasing the intracellular accumulation of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs. Finally, BMS-5999626 also inhibited ABCG2 mediated ATP hydrolysis. Overall, our results show that administration of BMS-599626 along with chemotherapeutic drugs can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy in ABC transporter overexpressing cancer cells. Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with the overexpression of ABC transporters is one of the key causes of chemotherapy failure. Various compounds blocking the function and/or downregulating the expression of these transporters have been developed over the last few decades. However, their potency and toxicity have always been a concern. In this report, we found that BMS-599626 is a highly potent inhibitor of the ABCG2 transporter, inhibiting its efflux function at 300 nM. Our study repositioned BMS-599626, a highly selective pan-HER kinase inhibitor, as a chemosensitizer in ABCG2-overexpressing cell lines. As shown by the cytotoxicity assay results, BMS-599626, at noncytotoxic concentrations, sensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing cells to topotecan and mitoxantrone, two well-known substrates of ABCG2. The results of our radioactive drug accumulation experiment show that the ABCG2-overexpressing cells, treated with BMS-599626, had an increase in the accumulation of substrate chemotherapeutic drugs, as compared to their parental subline cells. Moreover, BMS-599626 did not change the protein expression or cell surface localization of ABCG2 and inhibited its ATPase activity. Our in-silico docking study also supports the interaction of BMS-599626 with the substrate-binding site of ABCG2. Taken together, these results suggest that administration of chemotherapeutic drugs, along with nanomolar concentrations (300 nM) of BMS-599626, may be effective against ABCG2-mediated MDR in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunali V. Ashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingchun Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China;
| | - Pranav Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Sandra E. Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
- Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - John Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Y.V.A.); (P.G.); (Q.-X.T.); (Z.-N.L.); (S.E.R.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-990-1432; Fax: +1-718-990-1877
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23
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Wu CP, Hung CY, Lusvarghi S, Huang YH, Tseng PJ, Hung TH, Yu JS, Ambudkar SV. Overexpression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 contributes to reduced efficacy of the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor samotolisib (LY3023414) in cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114137. [PMID: 32634436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
LY3023414 (samotolisib) is a promising new dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Currently, multiple clinical trials are underway to evaluate the efficacy of LY3023414 in patients with various types of cancer. However, the potential mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to LY3023414 in human cancer cells still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated whether the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters such as ABCB1 and ABCG2, one of the most common mechanisms for developing multidrug resistance, may potentially reduce the efficacy of LY3023414 in human cancer cells. We demonstrated that the intracellular accumulation of LY3023414 in cancer cells was significantly reduced by the drug efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Consequently, the cytotoxicity and efficacy of LY3023414 for inhibiting the activation of the PI3K pathway and induction of G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest were substantially reduced in cancer cells overexpressing ABCB1 or ABCG2, which could be restored using tariquidar or Ko143, respectively. Furthermore, stimulatory effect of LY3023414 on the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2, as well as in silico molecular docking analysis of LY3023414 binding to the substrate-binding pockets of these transporters provided additional insight into the manner in which LY3023414 interacts with both transporters. In conclusion, we report that LY3023414 is a substrate for ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters implicating their role in the development of resistance to LY3023414, which can have substantial clinical implications and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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24
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Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Hsiao SH, Liu TC, Li YQ, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Licochalcone A Selectively Resensitizes ABCG2-Overexpressing Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells to Chemotherapeutic Drugs. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1461-1472. [PMID: 32347726 PMCID: PMC7402219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 has been linked to clinical multidrug resistance in solid tumors and blood cancers, which remains a significant obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. For years, the potential modulatory effect of bioactive compounds derived from natural sources on ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance has been investigated, as they are inherently well tolerated and offer a broad range of chemical scaffolds. Licochalcone A (LCA), a natural chalcone isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, is known to possess a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, including pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects in various cancer cell lines. In this study, the chemosensitization effect of LCA was examined in ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Experimental data demonstrated that LCA inhibits the drug transport function of ABCG2 and reverses ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in human multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner. Results of LCA-stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity and the in silico docking analysis of LCA to the inward-open conformation of human ABCG2 suggest that LCA binds ABCG2 in the transmembrane substrate-binding pocket. This study provides evidence that LCA should be further evaluated as a modulator of ABCG2 in drug combination therapy trials against ABCG2-expressing drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suresh. V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, United States
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25
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Yang Y, Ji N, Teng QX, Cai CY, Wang JQ, Wu ZX, Lei ZN, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Chen ZS. Sitravatinib, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Inhibits the Transport Function of ABCG2 and Restores Sensitivity to Chemotherapy-Resistant Cancer Cells in vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:700. [PMID: 32477943 PMCID: PMC7236772 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sitravatinib, also called MGCD516 or MG-516, is a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) under phase III clinical evaluation. Herein, we explored the activity of sitravatinib toward multidrug resistance (MDR) by emphasizing its inhibitory effect on ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2). ABCG2 is a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family and plays a critical role in mediating MDR. Sitravatinb received an outstanding docking score for binding to the human ABCG2 model (PDB code: 6ETI) among thirty screened TKIs. Also, an MTT assay indicated that sitravatinib at 3 μM had the ability to restore the antineoplastic effect of various ABCG2 substrates in both drug-selected and gene-transfected ABCG2-overexpressing cell lines. In further tritium-labeled mitoxantrone transportation study, sitravatinib at 3 μM blocked the efflux function mediated by ABCG2 and as a result, increased the intracellular concentration of anticancer drugs. Interestingly, sitravatinib at 3 μM altered neither protein expression nor subcellular localization of ABCG2. An ATPase assay demonstrated that ATPase activity of ABCG2 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner with sitravatinib; thus, the energy source to pump out compounds was interfered. Collectively, the results of this study open new avenues for sitravatinib working as an ABCG2 inhibitor which restores the antineoplastic activity of anticancer drugs known to be ABCG2 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Ning Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Chao-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
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26
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Abstract
P-glycoprotein, ABCG2, and MRP1 are members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that utilize energy from ATP-binding and hydrolysis to efflux a broad range of chemically dissimilar substrates including anticancer drugs. As a consequence, they play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of many drugs; in particular, their role in multidrug resistance in cancer cells as well as at the blood-brain barrier has been the subject of studies for decades. However, the atomic structures of these transporters in the presence of substrates or modulators and at different stages of the ATP-hydrolysis cycle have only recently been resolved by using cryo-electron microscopy. In addition, new animal models have shed new light on our understanding of the role of these transporters at the blood-brain barrier. This new information should open doors for the design of novel chemotherapeutics and treatments to bypass recognition by ABC drug pumps to overcome clinical drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in our understanding of ligand interactions and mechanistic aspects of drug transport based on atomic structures of these transporters as well as the development of new in vivo models to study their role in clinical drug resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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27
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Wu ZX, Yang Y, Teng QX, Wang JQ, Lei ZN, Wang JQ, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Tivantinib, A c-Met Inhibitor in Clinical Trials, Is Susceptible to ABCG2-Mediated Drug Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010186. [PMID: 31940916 PMCID: PMC7017082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tivantinib, also known as ARQ-197, is a potent non-ATP competitive selective c-Met inhibitor currently under phase 3 clinical trial evaluation for liver and lung cancers. In this study, we explored factors that may lead to tivantinib resistance, especially in regards to its interaction with ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2). ABCG2 is one of the most important members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, a group of membrane proteins that play a critical role in mediating multidrug resistance (MDR) in a variety of cancers, including those of the liver and lung. Tivantinib received a high score in docking analysis, indicating a strong interaction between tivantinib and ABCG2, and an ATPase assay indicated that tivantinib stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. An MTT assay showed that ABCG2 overexpression significantly desensitized both the cancer cells and ABCG2 transfected-HEK293 cells to tivantinib and that this drug resistance can be reversed by ABCG2 inhibitors. Furthermore, tivantinib upregulated the protein expression of ABCG2 without altering the cell surface localization of ABCG2, leading to increased resistance to substrate drugs, such as mitoxantrone. Altogether, these data demonstrate that tivantinib is a substrate of ABCG2, and, therefore, ABCG2 overexpression may decrease its therapeutic effect. Our study provides evidence that the overexpression of ABCG2 should be monitored in clinical settings as an important risk factor for tivantinib drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
| | - Jing-Qiu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.L.); (S.V.A.)
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.-H.Y.); (Z.-S.C.); Tel.: +1-718-990-6468 (D.-H.Y.); +1-718-990-1432 (Z.-S.C.); Fax: +1-718-990-1877 (D.-H.Y. & Z.-S.C.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (Z.-X.W.); (Y.Y.); (Q.-X.T.); (J.-Q.W.); (Z.-N.L.); (J.-Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (D.-H.Y.); (Z.-S.C.); Tel.: +1-718-990-6468 (D.-H.Y.); +1-718-990-1432 (Z.-S.C.); Fax: +1-718-990-1877 (D.-H.Y. & Z.-S.C.)
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28
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Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Tseng PJ, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. MY-5445, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, resensitizes ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:164-178. [PMID: 32064159 PMCID: PMC7017726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of one or multiple ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCB1, ABCC1 or ABCG2 in cancer cells often leads to the development of multidrug resistance phenotype and consequent treatment failure. Therefore, these transporters constitute an important target to improve the therapeutic outcome in cancer patients. In this study, we employed a drug repurposing approach to identify MY-5445, a known phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, as a selective modulator of ABCG2. We discovered that by inhibiting the drug transport function of ABCG2, MY-5445 potentiates drug-induced apoptosis in ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells and resensitizes these cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. Our data of MY-5445 stimulating the ATPase activity of ABCG2 and molecular docking analysis of its binding to the substrate-binding pocket of ABCG2 provide additional insight into the manner in which MY-5445 interacts with ABCG2. Furthermore, we found that ABCG2 does not confer resistance to MY-5445 in human cancer cells. Overall, our study revealed an additional action of MY-5445 to resensitize ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional anticancer drugs, and this should be evaluated in future drug combination trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pin-Jung Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaipei, Taiwan
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29
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Sava GP, Fan H, Fisher RA, Lusvarghi S, Pancholi S, Ambudkar SV, Martin LA, Charles Coombes R, Buluwela L, Ali S. ABC-transporter upregulation mediates resistance to the CDK7 inhibitors THZ1 and ICEC0942. Oncogene 2020; 39:651-663. [PMID: 31530935 PMCID: PMC6962093 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CDK7 inhibitors (CDK7i) ICEC0942 and THZ1, are promising new cancer therapeutics. Resistance to targeted drugs frequently compromises cancer treatment. We sought to identify mechanisms by which cancer cells may become resistant to CDK7i. Resistant lines were established through continuous drug selection. ABC-transporter copy number, expression and activity were examined using real-time PCR, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Drug responses were measured using growth assays. ABCB1 was upregulated in ICEC0942-resistant cells and there was cross-resistance to THZ1. THZ1-resistant cells upregulated ABCG2 but remained sensitive to ICEC0942. Drug resistance in both cell lines was reversible upon inhibition of ABC-transporters. CDK7i response was altered in adriamycin- and mitoxantrone-resistant cell lines demonstrating ABC-transporter upregulation. ABCB1 expression correlated with ICEC0942 and THZ1 response, and ABCG2 expression with THZ2 response, in a panel of cancer cell lines. We have identified ABCB1 upregulation as a common mechanism of resistance to ICEC0942 and THZ1, and confirmed that ABCG2 upregulation is a mechanism of resistance to THZ1. The identification of potential mechanisms of CDK7i resistance and differences in susceptibility of ICEC0942 and THZ1 to ABC-transporters, may help guide their future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina P Sava
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Hailing Fan
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Rosemary A Fisher
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sunil Pancholi
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lesley-Ann Martin
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Lakjaya Buluwela
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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30
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Lee TD, Lee OW, Brimacombe KR, Chen L, Guha R, Lusvarghi S, Tebase BG, Klumpp-Thomas C, Robey RW, Ambudkar SV, Shen M, Gottesman MM, Hall MD. A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:629-640. [PMID: 31515284 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs. Although US Food and Drug Administration guidelines require that potential interactions of investigational drugs with P-gp be explored, often this information does not enter the literature. In response, we developed a high-throughput screen to identify substrates of P-gp from a series of chemical libraries, testing a total of 10,804 compounds, most of which have known mechanisms of action. We used the CellTiter-Glo viability assay to test library compounds against parental KB-3-1 human cervical adenocarcinoma cells and the colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11 that overexpresses P-gp. KB-8-5-11 cells were also tested in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor (tariquidar) to assess reversibility of transporter-mediated resistance. Of the tested compounds, a total of 90 P-gp substrates were identified, including 55 newly identified compounds. Substrates were confirmed using an orthogonal killing assay against human embryonic kidney-293 cells overexpressing P-gp. We confirmed that AT7159 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), AT9283, (Janus kinase 2/3 inhibitor), ispinesib (kinesin spindle protein inhibitor), gedatolisib (PKI-587, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rampamycin inhibitor), GSK-690693 (AKT inhibitor), and KW-2478 (heat-shock protein 90 inhibitor) were substrates. In addition, we assessed direct ATPase stimulation. ABCG2 was also found to confer high levels of resistance to AT9283, GSK-690693, and gedatolisib, whereas ispinesib, AT7519, and KW-2478 were weaker substrates. Combinations of P-gp substrates and inhibitors were assessed to demonstrate on-target synergistic cell killing. These data identified compounds whose oral bioavailability or brain penetration may be affected by P-gp. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be expressed at barrier sites, where it acts to limit oral bioavailability and brain penetration of substrates. In order to identify novel compounds that are transported by P-gp, we developed a high-throughput screen using the KB-3-1 cancer cell line and its colchicine-selected subline KB-8-5-11. We screened the Mechanism Interrogation Plate (MIPE) library, the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS) pharmaceutical collection (NPC), the NCATS Pharmacologically Active Chemical Toolbox (NPACT), and a kinase inhibitor library comprising 977 compounds, for a total of 10,804 compounds. Of the 10,804 compounds screened, a total of 90 substrates were identified of which 55 were novel. P-gp expression may adversely affect the oral bioavailability or brain penetration of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobie D Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Olivia W Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Bethilehem G Tebase
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Carleen Klumpp-Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Robert W Robey
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland (T.D.L., O.W.L., K.R.B., L.C., R.G., C.K.-T., M.S., M.D.H.) and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (S.L., B.G.T., R.W.R., S.V.A., M.M.G.)
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31
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Sajid A, Raju N, Lusvarghi S, Vahedi S, Swenson RE, Ambudkar SV. Synthesis and Characterization of Bodipy-FL-Cyclosporine A as a Substrate for Multidrug Resistance-Linked P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1). Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1013-1023. [PMID: 31371421 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent conjugates of drugs can be used to study cellular functions and pharmacology. These compounds interact with proteins as substrates or inhibitors, helping in the development of unique fluorescence-based methods to study in vivo localization and molecular mechanisms. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that effluxes most anticancer drugs from cells, contributing to the development of drug resistance. To study the transport function of P-gp, we synthesized a Bodipy-labeled fluorescent conjugate of cyclosporine A (BD-CsA). After synthesis and characterization of its chemical purity, BD-CsA was compared with the commonly used 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD)-CsA probe. In flow cytometry assays, the fluorescence intensity of BD-CsA was almost 10 times greater than that of NBD-CsA, enabling us to use significantly lower concentrations of BD-CsA to achieve the same fluorescence levels. We found that BD-CsA is recognized as a transport substrate by both human and mouse P-gp. The rate of efflux of BD-CsA by human P-gp is comparable to that of NBD-CsA. The transport of BD-CsA was inhibited by tariquidar, with similar IC50 values to those for NBD-CsA. BD-CsA and NBD-CsA both partially inhibited the ATPase activity of P-gp with similar IC50 values. In silico docking of BD-CsA and NBD-CsA to the human P-gp structure indicates that they both bind in the drug-binding pocket with similar docking scores and possibly interact with similar residues. Thus, we demonstrate that BD-CsA is a sensitive fluorescent substrate of P-gp that can be used to efficiently study the transporter's localization and function in vitro and in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The goal of this study was to develop an effective probe to study drug transport by P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Fluorophore-conjugated substrates are useful to study the P-gp transport mechanism, structural characteristics, and development of its inhibitors. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a cyclic peptide comprising 11 amino acids, is a known substrate of P-gp. P-gp affects CsA pharmacokinetics and interactions with other coadministered drugs, especially during transplant surgeries and treatment of autoimmune disorders, when CsA is given as an immunosuppressive agent. We synthesized and characterized Bodipy-FL-CsA as an avid fluorescent substrate that can be used to study the function of P-gp both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that Bodipy-FL-conjugation does not affect the properties of CsA as a P-gp substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (A.S., S.L., S.V., S.V.A.), and Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (N.R., R.E.S.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Murakami M, Chufan EE, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV. Abstract 1270: Human P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport: Two aromatic residues in the drug-binding pocket are critical for function. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux pump that transports cytotoxic agents, thereby affecting the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and conferring resistance to chemotherapeutic agents in many cancers. P-gp utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis for the efflux of a number of amphipathic natural products or small molecule anticancer drugs. However, the nature and number of translocation pathways for the transport of substrate-drugs by P-gp is not yet known. Previously we showed that substitution of certain aromatic residues in the drug-binding pocket switched the modulation of ATPase activity from inhibition to stimulation. Molecular modeling studies led to identification of two T-shaped structural motifs formed by F728/Y310 and F978/Y953. In this study, we demonstrate that substitution of all four residues of the T-shaped structural motifs with alanine (Y310A/F728A/Y953A/F978A) results in complete loss of transport of ten fluorescent substrates. Furthermore, alanine substitution of one or two of these residues revealed that when F728 and F978 are both substituted, this has the greatest impact on the binding and/or translocation of drug-substrates. ATPase assays and in silico analyses were performed to gain insight into interactions of these residues with substrates and modulators. These results indicate that the F728 and F978 residues together are critical to maintaining the conformation of the drug-binding pocket for binding and translocation of substrates by P-gp.
Citation Format: Megumi Murakami, Eduardo E. Chufan, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Suresh V. Ambudkar. Human P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport: Two aromatic residues in the drug-binding pocket are critical for function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1270.
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Wu CP, Lusvarghi S, Wang JC, Hsiao SH, Huang YH, Hung TH, Ambudkar SV. Avapritinib: A Selective Inhibitor of KIT and PDGFRα that Reverses ABCB1 and ABCG2-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3040-3052. [PMID: 31117741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) conferred by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 in cancer cells remains a therapeutic obstacle for scientists and clinicians. Consequently, developing or identifying modulators of ABCB1 and ABCG2 that are suitable for clinical practice is of great importance. Therefore, we have explored the drug repositioning approach to identify candidate modulators of ABCB1 and ABCG2 from tyrosine kinase inhibitors with known pharmacological properties and anticancer activities. In this study, we discovered that avapritinib (BLU-285), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable tyrosine kinase inhibitor against mutant forms of KIT and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), attenuates the transport function of both ABCB1 and ABCG2. Moreover, avapritinib restores the chemosensitivity of ABCB1- and ABCG2-overexpressing MDR cancer cells at nontoxic concentrations. These findings were further supported by results of apoptosis induction assays, ATP hydrolysis assays, and docking of avapritinib in the drug-binding pockets of ABCB1 and ABCG2. Altogether, our study highlights an additional action of avapritinib on ABC drug transporters, and a combination of avapritinib with conventional chemotherapy should be further investigated in patients with MDR tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taipei 105 , Taiwan
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taipei 105 , Taiwan
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
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Sajid A, Natarajan R, Lusvarghi S, Vahedi S, Swenson R, Ambudkar SV. Synthesis and characterization of BODIPY‐FL‐cyclosporine A as a substrate for both human and mouse multidrug resistance‐linked P‐glycoprotein. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.656.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMD
| | - Raju Natarajan
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMD
| | - Shahrooz Vahedi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMD
| | - Rolf Swenson
- Imaging Probe Development Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaMD
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Nandigama K, Lusvarghi S, Shukla S, Ambudkar SV. Large-scale purification of functional human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). Protein Expr Purif 2019; 159:60-68. [PMID: 30851394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that has been implicated in altering the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs in normal tissues and development of multidrug resistance in tumor cells via drug efflux. There is still no definitive explanation of the mechanism by which P-gp effluxes drugs. One of the challenges of large-scale purification of membrane transporters is the selection of a suitable detergent for its optimal extraction from cell membranes. In addition, further steps of purification can often lead to inactivation and aggregation, decreasing the yield of purified protein. Here we report the large-scale purification of human P-gp expressed in High-Five insect cells using recombinant baculovirus. The purification strategies we present yield homogeneous functionally active wild type P-gp and its E556Q/E1201Q mutant, which is defective in carrying out ATP hydrolysis. Three detergents (1,2-diheptanoyol-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, dodecyl maltoside and n-octyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) were used to solubilize and purify P-gp from insect cell membranes. P-gp purification was performed first using immobilized metal affinity chromatography, then followed by a second step of either anion exchange chromatography or size exclusion chromatography to yield protein in concentrations of 2-12 mg/mL. Size exclusion chromatography was the preferred method, as it allows separation of monomeric transporters from aggregates. We show that the purified protein, when reconstituted in proteoliposomes and nanodiscs, exhibits both basal and substrate or inhibitor-modulated ATPase activity. This report thus provides a convenient and robust method to obtain large amounts of active homogeneously purified human P-gp that is suitable for biochemical, biophysical and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamachary Nandigama
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suneet Shukla
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Hsiao SH, Lusvarghi S, Huang YH, Ambudkar SV, Hsu SC, Wu CP. The FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin selectively resensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Lett 2019; 445:34-44. [PMID: 30639533 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) protein ABCB1 in cancer cells remains a significant obstacle to successful cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, discovering modulators that are capable of inhibiting the drug efflux function or expression of ABCB1 and re-sensitizing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to anticancer agents is of great clinical importance. Regrettably, due to potential adverse events associated with drug-drug interactions and toxicity in patients, researchers have struggled to develop a synthetic inhibitor of ABCB1 that is clinically applicable to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Alternatively, through drug repositioning of approved drugs, we discovered that the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) inhibitor midostaurin blocks the drug transport function of ABCB1 and re-sensitizes ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Our findings were further supported by results demonstrating that midostaurin potentiates drug-induced apoptosis in ABCB1-overexpressing cancer cells and inhibits the ATPase activity of ABCB1. Considering that midostaurin is a clinically approved anticancer agent, our findings revealed an additional action of midostaurin and that patients with multidrug-resistant tumors may benefit from a combination therapy of midostaurin with standard chemotherapy, which should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Han Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Yang-Hui Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | - Sheng-Chieh Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Pu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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Sajid A, Lusvarghi S, Chufan EE, Ambudkar SV. Evidence for the critical role of transmembrane helices 1 and 7 in substrate transport by human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204693. [PMID: 30265721 PMCID: PMC6161881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ABC transporter that exports many amphipathic or hydrophobic compounds, including chemically and functionally dissimilar anticancer drugs, from cells. To understand the role of transmembrane helices (TMH) 1 and 7 in drug-binding and transport, we selected six residues from both TMH1 (V53, I59, I60, L65, M68 and F72) and TMH7 (V713, I719, I720, Q725, F728 and F732); and substituted them with alanine by gene synthesis to generate a variant termed "TMH1,7 mutant P-gp". The expression and function of TMH1,7 mutant P-gp with twelve mutations was characterized using the BacMam baculovirus-HeLa cell expression system. The expression and conformation of TMH1,7 mutant P-gp was not altered by the introduction of the twelve mutations, as confirmed by using the human P-gp-specific antibodies UIC2, MRK16 and 4E3. We tested 25 fluorescently-labeled substrates and found that only three substrates, NBD-cyclosporine A, Rhod-2-AM and X-Rhod-1-AM were transported by the TMH1,7 mutant. The basal ATPase activity of TMH1,7 mutant P-gp was lower (40-50%) compared to wild-type (WT) P-gp, despite similar level of expression. Although most of the substrates modulate ATPase activity of P-gp, the activity of TMH1,7 mutant transporter was not significantly modulated by any of the tested substrates. Docking of selected substrates in homology models showed comparable docking scores for the TMH1,7 mutant and WT P-gp, although the binding conformations were different. Both the ATPase assay and in silico docking analyses suggest that the interactions with residues in the drug-binding pocket are altered as a consequence of the mutations. We demonstrate that it is possible to generate a variant of P-gp with a loss of broad substrate specificity and propose that TMH1 and TMH7 play a critical role in the drug efflux function of this multidrug transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andaleeb Sajid
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eduardo E. Chufan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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38
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Vahedi S, Lusvarghi S, Pluchino K, Shafrir Y, Durell SR, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV. Mapping discontinuous epitopes for MRK-16, UIC2 and 4E3 antibodies to extracellular loops 1 and 4 of human P-glycoprotein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12716. [PMID: 30143707 PMCID: PMC6109178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump, is associated with the development of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. Antibody-mediated blockade of human P-gp activity has been shown to overcome drug resistance by re-sensitizing resistant cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Despite the potential clinical application of this finding, the epitopes of the three human P-gp-specific monoclonal antibodies MRK-16, UIC2 and 4E3, which bind to the extracellular loops (ECLs) have not yet been mapped. By generating human-mouse P-gp chimeras, we mapped the epitopes of these antibodies to ECLs 1 and 4. We then identified key amino acids in these regions by replacing mouse residues with homologous human P-gp residues to recover binding of antibodies to the mouse P-gp. We found that changing a total of ten residues, five each in ECL1 and ECL4, was sufficient to recover binding of both MRK-16 and 4E3 antibodies, suggesting a common epitope. However, recovery of the conformation-sensitive UIC2 epitope required replacement of thirteen residues in ECL1 and the same five residues replaced in the ECL4 for MRK-16 and 4E3 binding. These results demonstrate that discontinuous epitopes for MRK-16, UIC2 and 4E3 are located in the same regions of ECL1 and 4 of the multidrug transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrooz Vahedi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Kristen Pluchino
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Yinon Shafrir
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-4256, USA.
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Abstract
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins unrelated to antibodies or enzymes. While carbohydrates are present on all cells and pathogens, lectins are also ubiquitous in nature and their interactions with glycans mediate countless biological and physical interactions. Due to the multivalency found in both lectins and their glycan-binding partners, complete characterization of these interactions can be complex and typically requires the use of multiple complimentary techniques. In this chapter, we provide a general strategy and protocols for chemical and biophysical approaches that can be used to characterize carbohydrate-mediated interactions in the context of individual oligosaccharides, as part of a glycoprotein, and ending with visualization of interactions with whole virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jack R Davison
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Lusvarghi S, Lohith K, Morin-Leisk J, Ghirlando R, Hinshaw JE, Bewley CA. Binding Site Geometry and Subdomain Valency Control Effects of Neutralizing Lectins on HIV-1 Viral Particles. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:882-891. [PMID: 27669574 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate binding proteins such as griffithsin, cyanovirin-N, and BanLec are potent HIV entry inhibitors and promising microbicides. Each binds to high-mannose glycans on the surface envelope glycoprotein gp120, yet the mechanisms by which they engage viral spikes and exhibit inhibition constants ranging from nanomolar to picomolar are not understood. To determine the structural and mechanistic basis for recognition and potency, we selected a panel of lectins possessing different valencies per subunit, oligomeric states, and relative orientations of carbohydrate binding sites to systematically probe their contributions to inhibiting viral entry. Cryo-electron micrographs and immuno gold staining of lectin-treated viral particles revealed two distinct effects-namely, viral aggregation or clustering of the HIV-1 envelope on the viral membrane-that were dictated by carbohydrate binding site geometry and valency. "Sandwich" surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed that a second binding event occurs only for those lectins that could aggregate viral particles. Furthermore, picomolar Kd values were observed for the second binding event, providing a mechanism by which picomolar IC50 values are achieved. We suggest that these binding and aggregation phenomena translate to neutralization potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Katheryn Lohith
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeanne Morin-Leisk
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rodolfo Ghirlando
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jenny E. Hinshaw
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Carole A. Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic
Chemistry, ‡Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology and #Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA. Griffithsin: An Antiviral Lectin with Outstanding Therapeutic Potential. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100296. [PMID: 27783038 PMCID: PMC5086628 DOI: 10.3390/v8100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Griffithsin (GRFT), an algae-derived lectin, is one of the most potent viral entry inhibitors discovered to date. It is currently being developed as a microbicide with broad-spectrum activity against several enveloped viruses. GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. The potential to inhibit other viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated. Griffithsin's antiviral activity stems from its ability to bind terminal mannoses present in high-mannose oligosaccharides and crosslink these glycans on the surface of the viral envelope glycoproteins. Here, we review structural and biochemical studies that established mode of action and facilitated construction of GRFT analogs, mechanisms that may lead to resistance, and in vitro and pre-clinical results that support the therapeutic potential of this lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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42
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Abstract
Functional analysis of viral RNA requires knowledge of secondary structure arrangements and tertiary base interactions. Thus, high-throughput and comprehensive methods for assessing RNA structure are highly desirable. Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) has proven highly useful for modeling the secondary structures of HIV and other retroviral RNAs in recent years. This technology is not without its limitations however, as SHAPE data can be severely compromised when the RNA under study is structurally heterogeneous. In addition, the method reveals little information regarding the three-dimensional (3D) organization of an RNA. This chapter outlines four detailed SHAPE-related methodologies that circumvent these limitations. "Ensemble" and "in-gel" variations of SHAPE permit structural analysis of individual conformers within structurally heterogeneous mixtures of RNA, while probing strategies that utilize "through-space" cleavage reagents such as methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE) and peptides appended with an ATCUN (amino terminal copper/nickel binding motif) can provide insight into 3D organization. Combinational application of these techniques provides a formidable arsenal for exploring the structures of HIV RNAs and associated nucleoprotein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Rausch
- Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Joanna Sztuba-Solinska
- Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stuart F J Le Grice
- Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Building 535, Room 312, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Dogo-Isonagie C, Lee SL, Lohith K, Liu H, Mandadapu SR, Lusvarghi S, O'Connor RD, Bewley CA. Design and synthesis of small molecule-sulfotyrosine mimetics that inhibit HIV-1 entry. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1718-28. [PMID: 26968647 PMCID: PMC7261409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of a cure or vaccine for HIV/AIDS, small molecule inhibitors remain an attractive choice for antiviral therapeutics. Recent structural and functional studies of the HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp120 have revealed sites of vulnerability that can be targeted by small molecule and peptide inhibitors, thereby inhibiting HIV-1 infection. Here we describe a series of small molecule entry inhibitors that were designed to mimic the sulfated N-terminal peptide of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5. From a panel of hydrazonothiazolyl pyrazolinones, we demonstrate that compounds containing naphthyl di- and tri-sulfonic acids inhibit HIV-1 infection in single round infectivity assays with the disulfonic acids being the most potent. Molecular docking supports the observed structure activity relationship, and SPR confirmed binding to gp120. In infectivity assays treatment with a representative naphthyl disulfonate and a disulfated CCR5 N-terminus peptide results in competitive inhibition, with combination indices >2. In total this work shows that gp120 and HIV-1 infection can be inhibited by small molecules that mimic the function of, and are competitive with the natural sulfated CCR5 N-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajetan Dogo-Isonagie
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Su-Lin Lee
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Katheryn Lohith
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Sivakoteswara R Mandadapu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Robert D O'Connor
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States
| | - Carole A Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, United States.
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44
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Mason RD, Welles HC, Adams C, Chakrabarti BK, Gorman J, Zhou T, Nguyen R, O’Dell S, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Li H, Shaw GM, Sheng Z, Shapiro L, Wyatt R, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Roederer M. Targeted Isolation of Antibodies Directed against Major Sites of SIV Env Vulnerability. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005537. [PMID: 27064278 PMCID: PMC4827850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge model of lentiviral infection is often used as a model to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for studying vaccine mediated and immune correlates of protection. However, knowledge of the structure of the SIV envelope (Env) glycoprotein is limited, as is knowledge of binding specificity, function and potential efficacy of SIV antibody responses. In this study we describe the use of a competitive probe binding sort strategy as well as scaffolded probes for targeted isolation of SIV Env-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We isolated nearly 70 SIV-specific mAbs directed against major sites of SIV Env vulnerability analogous to broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targets of HIV-1, namely, the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), CD4-induced (CD4i)-site, peptide epitopes in variable loops 1, 2 and 3 (V1, V2, V3) and potentially glycan targets of SIV Env. The range of SIV mAbs isolated includes those exhibiting varying degrees of neutralization breadth and potency as well as others that demonstrated binding but not neutralization. Several SIV mAbs displayed broad and potent neutralization of a diverse panel of 20 SIV viral isolates with some also neutralizing HIV-27312A. This extensive panel of SIV mAbs will facilitate more effective use of the SIV non-human primate (NHP) model for understanding the variables in development of a HIV vaccine or immunotherapy. An antibody-based approach targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) protein may eventually prove to be effective in treating or preventing HIV infection. However, before any candidate HIV treatment or vaccine can be tested in humans, it must first be evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs)–the closest living relatives to humans. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is the closest available non-chimeric virus—NHP model for studying and testing HIV vaccines or therapies. The SIV model complements the simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) model in distinctive ways, although less is known about SIV Env-specific antibody responses in NHPs. There are several sites on HIV Env that are vulnerable to antibody-mediated protection, and here we isolated and analyzed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from NHPs targeting analogous sites on SIV Env. In particular, we studied mAbs for their ability to bind the viral Env protein and to block infection of cells by widely divergent strains of SIV. These well-characterized SIV Env-specific antibodies will allow for more thorough NHP pre-clinical testing of various antibody-based SIV/HIV vaccine and immunotherapeutic strategies before proceeding to human clinical trials and may yield unanticipated findings relating to molecular mechanisms underlying the unusual breadth of neutralization observed in HIV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie D. Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDM); (MR)
| | - Hugh C. Welles
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cameron Adams
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bimal K. Chakrabarti
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) HIV Vaccine Design Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Wyatt
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDM); (MR)
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45
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Lusvarghi S, Ghirlando R, Wong CH, Bewley CA. Glycopeptide Mimetics Recapitulate High-Mannose-Type Oligosaccharide Binding and Function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Lusvarghi S, Ghirlando R, Wong CH, Bewley CA. Glycopeptide mimetics recapitulate high-mannose-type oligosaccharide binding and function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5603-8. [PMID: 25776945 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-mannose-type glycans (HMTGs) decorating viral spike proteins are targets for virus neutralization. For carbohydrate-binding proteins, multivalency is important for high avidity binding and potent inhibition. To define the chemical determinants controlling multivalent interactions we designed glycopeptide HMTG mimetics with systematically varied mannose valency and spacing. Using the potent antiviral lectin griffithsin (GRFT) as a model, we identified by NMR spectroscopy, SPR, analytical ultracentrifugation, and microcalorimetry glycopeptides that fully recapitulate the specificity and kinetics of binding to Man9 GlcNAc2 Asn and a synthetic nonamannoside. We find that mannose spacing and valency dictate whether glycopeptides engage GRFT in a face-to-face or an intermolecular binding mode. Surprisingly, although face-to-face interactions are of higher affinity, intermolecular interactions are longer lived. These findings yield key insights into mechanisms involved in glycan-mediated viral inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892 (USA)
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47
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The HIV-1 gp120 envelope (Env) glycoprotein mediates attachment of virus to human target cells that display requisite receptors, CD4 and co-receptor, generally CCR5. Despite high-affinity interactions with host receptors and proof-of-principle by the drug maraviroc that interference with CCR5 provides therapeutic benefit, no licensed drug currently targets gp120. AREAS COVERED An overview of the role of gp120 in HIV-1 entry and of sites of potential gp120 vulnerability to therapeutic inhibition is presented. Viral defenses that protect these sites and turn gp120 into a moving labyrinth are discussed together with strategies for circumventing these defenses to allow therapeutic targeting of gp120 sites of vulnerability. EXPERT OPINION The gp120 envelope glycoprotein interacts with host proteins through multiple interfaces and has conserved structural features at these interaction sites. In spite of this, targeting gp120 for therapeutic purposes is challenging. Env mechanisms that have evolved to evade the humoral immune response also shield it from potential therapeutics. Nevertheless, substantial progress has been made in understanding HIV-1 gp120 structure and its interactions with host receptors, and in developing therapeutic leads that potently neutralize diverse HIV-1 strains. Synergies between advances in understanding, needs for therapeutics against novel viral targets and characteristics of breadth and potency for a number of gp120-targetting lead molecules bodes well for gp120 as a HIV-1 therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamvada Acharya
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Structural Biology Section , Room 4609B, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 , USA
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48
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Lusvarghi S, Sztuba-Solinska J, Purzycka KJ, Rausch JW, Le Grice SFJ. RNA secondary structure prediction using high-throughput SHAPE. J Vis Exp 2013:e50243. [PMID: 23748604 DOI: 10.3791/50243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the function of RNA involved in biological processes requires a thorough knowledge of RNA structure. Toward this end, the methodology dubbed "high-throughput selective 2' hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension", or SHAPE, allows prediction of RNA secondary structure with single nucleotide resolution. This approach utilizes chemical probing agents that preferentially acylate single stranded or flexible regions of RNA in aqueous solution. Sites of chemical modification are detected by reverse transcription of the modified RNA, and the products of this reaction are fractionated by automated capillary electrophoresis (CE). Since reverse transcriptase pauses at those RNA nucleotides modified by the SHAPE reagents, the resulting cDNA library indirectly maps those ribonucleotides that are single stranded in the context of the folded RNA. Using ShapeFinder software, the electropherograms produced by automated CE are processed and converted into nucleotide reactivity tables that are themselves converted into pseudo-energy constraints used in the RNAStructure (v5.3) prediction algorithm. The two-dimensional RNA structures obtained by combining SHAPE probing with in silico RNA secondary structure prediction have been found to be far more accurate than structures obtained using either method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- RT Biochemistry Section, HIV Drug Resistance Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, USA
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49
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Lusvarghi S, Sztuba-Solinska J, Purzycka KJ, Pauly GT, Rausch JW, Grice SFJL. The HIV-2 Rev-response element: determining secondary structure and defining folding intermediates. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6637-49. [PMID: 23640333 PMCID: PMC3711434 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between the viral protein Rev and the RNA motifs known as Rev response elements (RREs) is required for transport of unspliced and partially spliced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 RNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during the later stages of virus replication. A more detailed understanding of these nucleoprotein complexes and the host factors with which they interact should accelerate the development of new antiviral drugs targeting cis-acting RNA regulatory signals. In this communication, the secondary structures of the HIV-2 RRE and two RNA folding precursors have been identified using the SHAPE (selective 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension) chemical probing methodology together with a novel mathematical approach for determining the secondary structures of RNA conformers present in a mixture. A complementary chemical probing technique was also used to support these secondary structure models, to confirm that the RRE2 RNA undergoes a folding transition and to obtain information about the relative positioning of RRE2 substructures in three dimensions. Our analysis collectively suggests that the HIV-2 RRE undergoes two conformational transitions before assuming the energetically most favorable conformer. The 3D models for the HIV-2 RRE and folding intermediates are also presented, wherein the Rev-binding stem–loops (IIB and I) are located coaxially in the former, which is in agreement with previous models for HIV-1 Rev-RRE binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- HIV Drug Resistance Program, Reverse Transcriptase Biochemistry Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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50
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Huang Q, Purzycka KJ, Lusvarghi S, Li D, LeGrice SF, Boeke JD. Retrotransposon Ty1 RNA contains a 5'-terminal long-range pseudoknot required for efficient reverse transcription. RNA 2013; 19:320-32. [PMID: 23329695 PMCID: PMC3677243 DOI: 10.1261/rna.035535.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ty1 retrotransposon RNA has the potential to fold into a variety of distinct structures, mutation of which affects retrotransposition frequencies. We show here that one potential functional structure is located at the 5' end of the genome and can assume a pseudoknot conformation. Chemoenzymatic probing of wild-type and mutant mini-Ty1 RNAs supports the existence of such a structure, while molecular genetic analyses show that mutations disrupting pseudoknot formation interfere with retrotransposition, indicating that it provides a critical biological function. These defects are enhanced at higher temperatures. When these mutants are combined with compensatory changes, retrotransposition is restored, consistent with pseudoknot architecture. Analyses of mutants suggest a defect in Ty1 reverse transcription. Collectively, our data allow modeling of a three-dimensional structure for this novel critical cis-acting signal of the Ty1 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Katarzyna J. Purzycka
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Donghui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | | | - Jef D. Boeke
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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