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Soltero-Rivera MM, Nguyen R, Goldschmidt SL, Hatcher DC, Arzi B. Diagnostic yield of dental radiography and digital tomosynthesis for the identification of anatomic structures in cats. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1408807. [PMID: 38756522 PMCID: PMC11096483 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1408807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Digital tomosynthesis (DT) has emerged as a potential imaging modality for evaluating anatomic structures in veterinary medicine. This study aims to validate the diagnostic yield of DT in identifying predefined anatomic structures in feline cadaver heads, comparing it with conventional intraoral dental radiography (DR). Methods A total of 16 feline cadaver heads were utilized to evaluate 19 predefined clinically relevant anatomic structures using both DR and DT. A semi-quantitative scoring system was employed to characterize the ability of each imaging method to identify these structures. Results DT demonstrated a significantly higher diagnostic yield compared to DR for all evaluated anatomic structures. Orthogonal DT imaging identified 13 additional anatomic landmarks compared to a standard 10-view feline set obtained via DR. Moreover, DT achieved statistically significant higher scores for each of these landmarks, indicating improved visualization over DR. Discussion These findings validate the utility of DT technology in reliably identifying clinically relevant anatomic structures in the cat skull. This validation serves as a foundation for further exploration of DT imaging in detecting dentoalveolar and other maxillofacial bony lesions and pathologies in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M. Soltero-Rivera
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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2
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Nguyen R, Barry M, Azevedo Loiola R, Ferret PJ, Andres E. PhotoSENSIL-18 assay development: Enhancing the safety testing of cosmetic raw materials and finished products to support the in vitro photosensitization assessment? Toxicology 2023; 495:153613. [PMID: 37558156 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Although photosensitization remains a major toxicological endpoint for the safety assessment of cosmetic products and their raw materials, there is no validated in vitro method available for the evaluation of this adverse effect so far. Given that previous studies have proposed that the Interleukine-18 (IL-18) plays a key role in keratinocyte-driven pro-inflammatory responses specific of the skin sensitization process, we hypothesize that IL-18 might be used as a specific biomarker for in vitro photosensitization assessment. The aim of the present study was the set-up of a new in vitro assay using IL-18 as a biomarker for the identification of photosensitizers in a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model. EpiCS™ RHE were incubated with a set of 16 known sensitising / phototoxic / photosensitizing substances and exposed to ultra-violet (UV) irradiation. Then, the cell viability was analysed by MTT assay, while the IL-18 secretion was quantified by ELISA. Preliminary assays have shown that 1 h of incubation followed by a recovery period of 23 h induced the highest IL-18 production in response to UV exposure. This protocol was used to test 16 substances and a ratio of IL-18 production (UV+/UV- ratio) was then generated. Our data shows that the cut-off of 1.5 (UV+/UV- ratio) is the most predictive model among the tested conditions, being capable of identifying true positive photosensitizers (8 of 9) with a good prediction in comparison with in vivo data. In a nutshell, our data suggests that the PhotoSENSIL-18 is a promising in vitro method for identification of photosensitizing substances. Although further studies are necessary to optimize the model, we foresee that the PhotoSENSIL-18 assay can be used in the context of an Integrative Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nguyen
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - M Barry
- Oroxcell SAS, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - R Azevedo Loiola
- Oroxcell SAS, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - P-J Ferret
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, BP 13562, 31035 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - E Andres
- Oroxcell SAS, 102 avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France.
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3
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Karuppagounder SS, Wang H, Kelly T, Rush R, Nguyen R, Bisen S, Yamashita Y, Sloan N, Dang B, Sigmon A, Lee HW, Marino Lee S, Watkins L, Kim E, Brahmachari S, Kumar M, Werner MH, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. The c-Abl inhibitor IkT-148009 suppresses neurodegeneration in mouse models of heritable and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabp9352. [PMID: 36652533 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abp9352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system, with an estimated 5,000,000 cases worldwide. PD pathology is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein, which is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Animal models of PD suggest that activation of Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) plays an essential role in the initiation and progression of α-synuclein pathology and initiates processes leading to degeneration of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons. Given the potential role of c-Abl in PD, a c-Abl inhibitor library was developed to identify orally bioavailable c-Abl inhibitors capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier based on predefined characteristics, leading to the discovery of IkT-148009. IkT-148009, a brain-penetrant c-Abl inhibitor with a favorable toxicology profile, was analyzed for therapeutic potential in animal models of slowly progressive, α-synuclein-dependent PD. In mouse models of both inherited and sporadic PD, IkT-148009 suppressed c-Abl activation to baseline and substantially protected dopaminergic neurons from degeneration when administered therapeutically by once daily oral gavage beginning 4 weeks after disease initiation. Recovery of motor function in PD mice occurred within 8 weeks of initiating treatment concomitantly with a reduction in α-synuclein pathology in the mouse brain. These findings suggest that IkT-148009 may have potential as a disease-modifying therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Terence Kelly
- Inhibikase Therapeutics Inc., Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Roger Rush
- Inhibikase Therapeutics Inc., Atlanta, GA 30339, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Shivani Bisen
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas Sloan
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Brianna Dang
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Sigmon
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hyeun Woo Lee
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Shirley Marino Lee
- Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Leslie Watkins
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Erica Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Piotrowski-Daspit AS, Barone C, Lin CY, Deng Y, Wu D, Binns TC, Xu E, Ricciardi AS, Putman R, Garrison A, Nguyen R, Gupta A, Fan R, Glazer PM, Saltzman WM, Egan ME. In vivo correction of cystic fibrosis mediated by PNA nanoparticles. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabo0522. [PMID: 36197984 PMCID: PMC9534507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. We sought to correct the multiple organ dysfunction of the F508del CF-causing mutation using systemic delivery of peptide nucleic acid gene editing technology mediated by biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles. We confirmed phenotypic and genotypic modification in vitro in primary nasal epithelial cells from F508del mice grown at air-liquid interface and in vivo in F508del mice following intravenous delivery. In vivo treatment resulted in a partial gain of CFTR function in epithelia as measured by in situ potential differences and Ussing chamber assays and correction of CFTR in both airway and GI tissues with no off-target effects above background. Our studies demonstrate that systemic gene editing is possible, and more specifically that intravenous delivery of PNA NPs designed to correct CF-causing mutations is a viable option to ameliorate CF in multiple affected organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Barone
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Douglas Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Thomas C. Binns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Adele S. Ricciardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Rachael Putman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alannah Garrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anisha Gupta
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marie E. Egan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Foster-Hartnett D, Mwakalundwa G, Bofenkamp L, Patton L, Nguyen R, Goodman-Mamula P. Beyond the Traditional Classroom: Increased Course Structure and Cooperative Learning Remove Differences in Achievement between Students in an In-Person versus Hybrid Microbiology Course. CBE Life Sci Educ 2022; 21:ar33. [PMID: 35471097 PMCID: PMC9508932 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.21-01-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increase in online learning brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic will likely result in a greater availability of online and hybrid course offerings. In this study, students enrolled in parallel sections of a microbiology lab course with in-person labs and either face-to-face (F2F) or all-online lectures (hybrid, H). Course material and method of assessment in the two sections were identical; student demographics were similar. In the first year, F2F students scored significantly higher on two out of four exams. In the second year, two interventions were introduced: team-building activities (in both sections) and online group discussions (H only). Students in both the F2F and H sections reported similar positive teamwork reviews based on Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (catme.org) and survey data. Although the COVID-19 pandemic eventually forced all learning online, exam scores from the two sections in the first half of the semester were similar, suggesting that the interventions were effective. In both sections, exam scores were positively correlated with entering grade point averages. This study adds to the body of literature supporting the effectiveness of hybrid learning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwantwa Mwakalundwa
- Natural Sciences Department, Metropolitan State University, St. Paul, MN 55106
| | - Lisa Bofenkamp
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Liz Patton
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN 55454
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6
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Nguyen R. Ocular conjunctivitis in biological therapies for atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:391-392. [PMID: 35174481 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Nguyen
- Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia; Skin Health Institute, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Schwartz C, Khan M, Nguyen R, Pasquinelli M, Feldman L. P76.33 Concurrent EGFR and KRAS Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Single Institution Case Series. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Collons D, Nguyen R, Khan M, Schwartz C, Pasquinelli M, Feldman L. P33.11 Immunotherapy Outcomes in KRAS Mutated vs KRAS Wild-Type Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Yang Y, Shi W, Abiona OM, Nazzari A, Olia AS, Ou L, Phung E, Stephens T, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Wang S, Werner A, Yap C, Ambrozak D, Bylund T, Liu T, Nguyen R, Wang L, Zhang B, Zhou T, Chuang GY, Graham BS, Mascola JR, Corbett KS, Kwong PD. Newcastle Disease Virus-Like Particles Displaying Prefusion-Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spikes Elicit Potent Neutralizing Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:73. [PMID: 33494381 PMCID: PMC7912142 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlights an urgent need for vaccines that confer protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. One approach to an effective COVID-19 vaccine may be through the display of SARS-CoV-2 spikes on the surface of virus-like particles, in a manner structurally mimicking spikes on a native virus. Here we report the development of Newcastle disease virus-like particles (NDVLPs) displaying the prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain (S2P). Immunoassays with SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies revealed the antigenicity of S2P-NDVLP to be generally similar to that of soluble S2P, and negative-stain electron microscopy showed S2P on the NDVLP surface to be displayed with a morphology corresponding to its prefusion conformation. Mice immunized with S2P-NDVLP showed substantial neutralization titers (geometric mean ID50 = 386) two weeks after prime immunization, significantly higher than those elicited by a molar equivalent amount of soluble S2P (geometric mean ID50 = 17). Neutralizing titers at Week 5, two weeks after a boost immunization with S2P-NDVLP doses ranging from 2.0 to 250 μg, extended from 2125 to 4552, and these generally showed a higher ratio of neutralization versus ELISA than observed with soluble S2P. Overall, S2P-NDVLP appears to be a promising COVID-19 vaccine candidate capable of eliciting substantial neutralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Wei Shi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Olubukola M. Abiona
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Alexandra Nazzari
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Adam S. Olia
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Emily Phung
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (T.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Shuishu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Anne Werner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Christina Yap
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Tatsiana Bylund
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Tracy Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (Y.Y.); (W.S.); (O.M.A.); (A.N.); (A.S.O.); (L.O.); (E.P.); (R.V.); (S.W.); (A.W.); (C.Y.); (D.A.); (T.B.); (T.L.); (R.N.); (L.W.); (B.Z.); (T.Z.); (G.-Y.C.); (B.S.G.); (J.R.M.); (K.S.C.)
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10
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Silva de Castro I, Gorini G, Mason R, Gorman J, Bissa M, Rahman MA, Arakelyan A, Kalisz I, Whitney S, Becerra-Flores M, Ni E, Peachman K, Trinh HV, Read M, Liu MH, Van Ryk D, Paquin-Proulx D, Shubin Z, Tuyishime M, Peele J, Ahmadi MS, Verardi R, Hill J, Beddall M, Nguyen R, Stamos JD, Fujikawa D, Min S, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Galli V, Doster MN, Liyanage NPM, Sarkis S, Caccuri F, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Tomaras GD, Shen X, Rosati M, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN, Venzon DJ, Magnanelli W, Breed M, Kramer J, Keele BF, Eller MA, Cicala C, Arthos J, Ferrari G, Margolis L, Robert-Guroff M, Kwong PD, Roederer M, Rao M, Cardozo TJ, Franchini G. Anti-V2 antibodies virus vulnerability revealed by envelope V1 deletion in HIV vaccine candidates. iScience 2021; 24:102047. [PMID: 33554060 PMCID: PMC7847973 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of ALVAC-based HIV and SIV vaccines in humans and macaques correlates with antibodies to envelope variable region 2 (V2). We show here that vaccine-induced antibodies to SIV variable region 1 (V1) inhibit anti-V2 antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reverse their ability to block V2 peptide interaction with the α4β7 integrin. SIV vaccines engineered to delete V1 and favor an α helix, rather than a β sheet V2 conformation, induced V2-specific ADCC correlating with decreased risk of SIV acquisition. Removal of V1 from the HIV-1 clade A/E A244 envelope resulted in decreased binding to antibodies recognizing V2 in the β sheet conformation. Thus, deletion of V1 in HIV envelope immunogens may improve antibody responses to V2 virus vulnerability sites and increase the efficacy of HIV vaccine candidates. HIV vaccine candidate protects against SIVmac251 acquisition V1 deleted envelope immunogens with V2 in α-helical conformation are protective V2-specific ADCC as correlate of risk Anti-V1 antibodies interfere with V2-specific ADCC
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad A Rahman
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Kalisz
- Advanced Bioscience Laboratories, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Ni
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristina Peachman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Hung V Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Michael Read
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Mei-Hue Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald Van Ryk
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Zhanna Shubin
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Marina Tuyishime
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Jennifer Peele
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Mohammed S Ahmadi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliane Hill
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Beddall
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dai Fujikawa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susie Min
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William Magnanelli
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Matthew Breed
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Josh Kramer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21704, USA
| | - Michael A Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Structural Biology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Timothy J Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Roark RS, Li H, Williams WB, Chug H, Mason RD, Gorman J, Wang S, Lee FH, Rando J, Bonsignori M, Hwang KK, Saunders KO, Wiehe K, Moody MA, Hraber PT, Wagh K, Giorgi EE, Russell RM, Bibollet-Ruche F, Liu W, Connell J, Smith AG, DeVoto J, Murphy AI, Smith J, Ding W, Zhao C, Chohan N, Okumura M, Rosario C, Ding Y, Lindemuth E, Bauer AM, Bar KJ, Ambrozak D, Chao CW, Chuang GY, Geng H, Lin BC, Louder MK, Nguyen R, Zhang B, Lewis MG, Raymond DD, Doria-Rose NA, Schramm CA, Douek DC, Roederer M, Kepler TB, Kelsoe G, Mascola JR, Kwong PD, Korber BT, Harrison SC, Haynes BF, Hahn BH, Shaw GM. Recapitulation of HIV-1 Env-antibody coevolution in macaques leading to neutralization breadth. Science 2021; 371:eabd2638. [PMID: 33214287 PMCID: PMC8040783 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies elicited by HIV-1 coevolve with viral envelope proteins (Env) in distinctive patterns, in some cases acquiring substantial breadth. We report that primary HIV-1 envelope proteins-when expressed by simian-human immunodeficiency viruses in rhesus macaques-elicited patterns of Env-antibody coevolution very similar to those in humans, including conserved immunogenetic, structural, and chemical solutions to epitope recognition and precise Env-amino acid substitutions, insertions, and deletions leading to virus persistence. The structure of one rhesus antibody, capable of neutralizing 49% of a 208-strain panel, revealed a V2 apex mode of recognition like that of human broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) PGT145 and PCT64-35S. Another rhesus antibody bound the CD4 binding site by CD4 mimicry, mirroring human bNAbs 8ANC131, CH235, and VRC01. Virus-antibody coevolution in macaques can thus recapitulate developmental features of human bNAbs, thereby guiding HIV-1 immunogen design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Roark
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wilton B Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hema Chug
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fang-Hua Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Juliette Rando
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kwan-Ki Hwang
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Anthony Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter T Hraber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Kshitij Wagh
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Elena E Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ronnie M Russell
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Frederic Bibollet-Ruche
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Weimin Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jesse Connell
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew G Smith
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Julia DeVoto
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander I Murphy
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenge Ding
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chengyan Zhao
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Neha Chohan
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maho Okumura
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christina Rosario
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yu Ding
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anya M Bauer
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katharine J Bar
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cara W Chao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Geng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bob C Lin
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark K Louder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Donald D Raymond
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Garnett Kelsoe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bette T Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Stephen C Harrison
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - George M Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Vayndorf E, Pitt J, Wu J, Chang E, Nguyen R, Liang A, Ruan R, Kaeberlein M. A robotic system for high-throughput automated lifespan and phenotyping analysis in C. elegans. Innov Aging 2020. [PMCID: PMC7742045 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A goal of gerontology-related research is to develop therapies to improve the healthy period of life by understanding and targeting the molecular hallmarks of biological aging. Much progress has been made toward understanding the genetic and biochemical nature of these hallmarks through studies using simple invertebrate model organisms, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Over the past decade, the identification of potential genetic and pharmacological modifiers of lifespan and age-related pathologies in C. elegans and other model organisms has yielded fruitful leads for follow-up investigation. However, such studies are typically time- consuming and labor-intensive. The goal of our work is to automate tasks that require frequent, repeated observations and hours of manual labor to collect and analyze lifespan, motility, and other behavioral data in C. elegans and other nematode models. The advent of affordable high-quality digital cameras, robotics systems, and 3D printers, as well as the decreasing financial and computational costs of image storage and processing, have allowed us to automate data capture and analysis on a large scale. To this end, our group recently developed a tool, we call the WormBot, consisting of an unbiased, high-throughput, automated robotic system and corresponding software, to perform genetic and pharmacological quantification of lifespan and health measures in C. elegans and related nematode species. We will report updates recently made to this system, including significant improvements to hardware, and present screening results from proteasome stimulator drugs known to reduce the accumulation of proteotoxic proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vayndorf
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason Pitt
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Judy Wu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Emily Chang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Richard Nguyen
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ashley Liang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Renee Ruan
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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13
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Lacy JL, Athanasiades A, Martin CS, Nguyen R, Davenport S, Lyons T, Liu Y. Recent improvements in straw neutron detectors for large-scale neutron science instruments. JNR 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/jnr-190138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Modified boron-coated straw (BCS) detector configurations are introduced, in order to improve detection efficiency, and reduce the number of layers required to match the response of high-pressure 3He tubes, in large-scale neutron science instruments. A new 7-straw design employing thin-walled aluminum tubes facilitates operation in vacuum, and substantially reduces the scattering material by a factor of 5 compared with the flow-through design of the Multi-Grid detector. Another design introduces 18 radial walls inside each straw, coated on both sides with enriched boron carbide, to increase the coated wall perimeter 4.3 times. The so-called Pie straw offers a significant benefit in detection efficiency compared with round straws used in LoKI. An example of such a straw having 18 septa is explored in modeling and experimental studies, that can potentially reduce the number of layers needed in large-scale instruments like LoKI by a factor of 2.8. In a parallel development, a totally new configuration of boron-coated detectors is introduced, aimed to address the need for high spatial resolution, and high-rate capability in single crystal diffractometers, like MaNDi and TOPAZ at the SNS, and in neutron reflectometers. The proposed structure is a close-packed array of rectangular cells, each fabricated by wrapping copper foil having a coating of 10B4C on one side and electroplated tin on the other side, around precisely machined rectangular bars. The array is pressed together and then vacuum brazed together. The resulting structure is quite strong and precise in geometry. This so-called Microcell Straw Array can be configured with channel dimensions as small as 0.5 mm × 2.5 mm. Due to its ultra thin walls (25 μm) secondary scattering of neutrons is minimized. It is sealed inside a fully welded thin aluminum containment vessel that allows convenient operation in vacuum. A mature low power readout system capable of an estimated count rate of 22 MHz in a 15 × 15 cm2 detector is also proposed. The improvements are the result of recent advances in BCS design, spurred by the development of compact, high-sensitivity monitors for homeland security and military applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L. Lacy
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | | | - Christopher S. Martin
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Stephen Davenport
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Tom Lyons
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
| | - Yangwei Liu
- Proportional Technologies, Inc., 12233 Robin Blvd, Houston, TX 77045, USA. E-mails: , ,
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Li H, Charruyer A, Weisenberger T, Khalifa A, Nguyen R, Ghadially R. 781 IL1α, IL6, and GMCSF are Downstream Mediators of IL17A that Promote Asymmetric Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Reifel KM, Swan BK, Jellison ER, Ambrozak D, Baijer J, Nguyen R, Monard S, Lyon G, Fontes B, Perfetto SP. Procedures for Flow Cytometry-Based Sorting of Unfixed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infected Cells and Other Infectious Agents. Cytometry A 2020; 97:674-680. [PMID: 32488957 PMCID: PMC7300747 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In response to the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, many laboratories are involved in research supporting SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine development and clinical trials. Flow cytometry laboratories will be responsible for a large part of this effort by sorting unfixed antigen‐specific lymphocytes. Therefore, it is critical and timely that we have an understanding of risk assessment and established procedures of infectious cell sorting. Here we present procedures covering the biosafety aspects of sorting unfixed SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells and other infectious agents of similar risk level. These procedures follow the ISAC Biosafety Committee guidelines and were recently approved by the National Institutes of Health Institutional Biosafety Committee for sorting SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Reifel
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon K Swan
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan R Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jan Baijer
- CEA-DSV-IRCM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Monard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Lyon
- Yale University Flow Cytometry Facility, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin Fontes
- Yale University Environmental Health and Safety Office, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Taylor ML, Giffei BL, Dang CL, Wilden AE, Altrichter KM, Baker EC, Nguyen R, Oki DS. Reproductive ecology and postpollination development in the hydrophilous monocot Ruppia maritima. Am J Bot 2020; 107:689-699. [PMID: 32170723 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Water-pollination (hydrophily) is a rare but important pollination mechanism that has allowed angiosperms to colonize marine and aquatic habitats. Hydrophilous plants face unique reproductive challenges, and many have evolved characteristic pollen traits and pollination strategies that may have downstream consequences for pollen performance. However, little is known about reproductive development in the life history stage between pollination and fertilization (the progamic phase) in hydrophilous plants. The purpose of this study was to characterize reproductive ecology and postpollination development in water-pollinated Ruppia maritima L. METHODS Naturally pollinated inflorescences of R. maritima were collected from the field. Experimental pollinations using both putatively outcross and self pollen were conducted in the greenhouse and inflorescences were collected at appropriate intervals after pollination. Pollen reception, pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and carpel morphology were characterized. RESULTS Ruppia maritima exhibits incomplete protogyny, allowing for delayed selfing. Pollen germinated within 15 min after pollination. The average shortest possible pollen tube pathway was 425 μm and pollen tubes first reached the ovule at 45 min after pollination. The mean adjusted pollen tube growth rate was 551 μm/h. CONCLUSIONS Ruppia pollen is adapted for rapid pollen germination, which is likely advantageous in an aquatic habitat. Small effective pollen loads suggest that pollen competition intensity is low. Selection for traits such as a long period of stigma receptivity, fast pollen germination, and carpel morphology likely played a larger role in shaping postpollination reproductive development in Ruppia than evolution in pollen tube growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Taylor
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | - Bridget L Giffei
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | - Christie L Dang
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | - Ana E Wilden
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | | | - Emma C Baker
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
| | - Dayton S Oki
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA
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Gorman J, Mason RD, Nettey L, Cavett N, Chuang GY, Peng D, Tsybovsky Y, Verardi R, Nguyen R, Ambrozak D, Biris K, LaBranche CC, Ramesh A, Schramm CA, Zhou J, Bailer RT, Kepler TB, Montefiori DC, Shapiro L, Douek DC, Mascola JR, Roederer M, Kwong PD. Isolation and Structure of an Antibody that Fully Neutralizes Isolate SIVmac239 Reveals Functional Similarity of SIV and HIV Glycan Shields. Immunity 2019; 51:724-734.e4. [PMID: 31586542 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV- and SIV-envelope (Env) trimers are both extensively glycosylated, and antibodies identified to date have been unable to fully neutralize SIVmac239. Here, we report the isolation, structure, and glycan interactions of antibody ITS90.03, a monoclonal antibody that completely neutralized the highly neutralization-resistant isolate, SIVmac239. The co-crystal structure of a fully glycosylated SIVmac239-gp120 core in complex with rhesus CD4 and the antigen-binding fragment of ITS90.03 at 2.5-Å resolution revealed that ITS90 recognized an epitope comprised of 45% glycan. SIV-gp120 core, rhesus CD4, and their complex could each be aligned structurally to their human counterparts. The structure revealed that glycans masked most of the SIV Env protein surface, with ITS90 targeting a glycan hole, which is occupied in ∼83% of SIV strains by glycan N238. Overall, the SIV glycan shield appears to functionally resemble its HIV counterpart in coverage of spike, shielding from antibody, and modulation of receptor accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosemarie D Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard Nettey
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Cavett
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dongjun Peng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raffaello Verardi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Biris
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Celia C LaBranche
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Akshaya Ramesh
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas B Kepler
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Francis J, Cross D, Schultz A, Armstrong D, Nguyen R, Branch-Smith C. ePS5.01 CyFi Space: a smartphone application to support social connectedness and well-being in young people living with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems are RNA-guided nucleases that provide adaptive immune protection for bacteria and archaea against intruding genomic materials. The programmable nature of CRISPR-targeting mechanisms has enabled their adaptation as powerful genome engineering tools. Cas9, a type II CRISPR effector protein, has been widely used for gene-editing applications owing to the fact that a single-guide RNA can direct Cas9 to cleave desired genomic targets. An understanding of the role of different domains of the protein and guide RNA-induced conformational changes of Cas9 in selecting target DNA has been and continues to enable development of Cas9 variants with reduced off-targeting effects. It has been previously established that an arginine-rich bridge helix (BH) present in Cas9 is critical for its activity. In the present study, we show that two proline substitutions within a loop region of the BH of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 impair the DNA cleavage activity by accumulating nicked products and reducing target DNA linearization. This in turn imparts a higher selectivity in DNA targeting. We discuss the probable mechanisms by which the BH-loop contributes to target DNA recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Babu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Nadia Amrani
- RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, Sherman Center, AS5.2007, Worcester MA 01605, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3430 S. Vermont Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - S.D. Yogesha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Current Address: Krystal Biotech, Inc. 2100 Wharton Street, Suite 701 Pittsburgh, PA, 15203, USA
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Current Address: College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Stanton L Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73117
| | - Peter Z. Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 3430 S. Vermont Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rakhi Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Price Family Foundation Institute of Structural Biology, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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Perfetto SP, Hogarth PJ, Monard S, Fontes B, Reifel KM, Swan BK, Baijer J, Jellison ER, Lyon G, Lovelace P, Nguyen R, Ambrozak D, Holmes KL. Novel Impactor and Microsphere-Based Assay Used to Measure Containment of Aerosols Generated in a Flow Cytometer Cell Sorter. Cytometry A 2018; 95:173-182. [PMID: 30561906 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Today's state-of-the-art cell sorting flow cytometers are equipped with aerosol containment systems designed to evacuate aerosols from the sort chamber during a sort. This biosafety device is especially important when the sort operator is sorting infectious or potentially infections samples. Hence, it is critical to evaluate the performance for this system in normal operation and in "failure" mode to determine the efficacy of containment. In the past decade, the most popular published method for evaluating containment has been the Glo-Germ bead procedure. These highly fluorescent and multisize particles can easily be detected on a microscope slide and enumerated using a fluorescent microscope. Collecting particles on this slide is accomplished using an Aerotech impactor. This sampler collects potentially escaping aerosols from the sort chamber before enumerating any particles. Although the Glo-Germ procedure has been adopted by many labs, there are several drawbacks with the procedure that have limited its adoption by cell sorter laboratories: The Aerotech impactor is a reusable device that requires rigorous cleaning between measurements. The surface area of the collection slide is large and difficult to scan on a fluorescence microscope. These beads produce a wide variation in sizes resulting in inconsistency in flow rates. Here, we describe a novel and replacement method utilizing a Cyclex-d impactor and Dragon Green beads. This method was compared for sensitivity of detection of escaped aerosols with a published method for aerosol detection which utilizes a UV-APS aerodynamic particle sizer and a UV-excitable dye. One of the advantages of the Cyclex-d system is the narrow-defined field of collection as compared to the standard Glo-Germ bead procedure, this means a smaller sampling area is used in the Cyclex-d impactor as compared to the AeroTech impactor. In addition, the sensitivity of detection was found to be better using the Cyclex-d collection device as compared to the standard Glo-Germ bead procedure. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Monard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Fontes
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kristen M Reifel
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Brandon K Swan
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jan Baijer
- CEA-DSV-IRCM, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Geoffrey Lyon
- Yale University Environmental Health & Safety, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patty Lovelace
- The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, California
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Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine if cortical metrics-a unique set of sensory-based assessment tools-could be used to characterize and differentiate concussed individuals from nonconcussed individuals. Cortical metrics take advantage of the somatotopic relationship between skin and cortex, and the protocols are designed to evoke interactions between adjacent cortical regions to investigate fundamental mechanisms that mediate cortical-cortical interactions. Student athletes, aged 18 to 22 years, were recruited into the study through an athletic training center that made determinations of postconcussion return-to-play status. Sensory-based performance tasks utilizing vibrotactile stimuli applied to tips of the index and middle fingers were administered to test an individual's amplitude discrimination, temporal order judgment, and duration discrimination capacity in the presence and absence of illusion-inducing conditioning stimuli. Comparison of the performances in the presence and absence of conditioning stimuli demonstrated differences between concussed and nonconcussed individuals. Additionally, mathematically combining results from the measures yields a unique central nervous system (CNS) profile that describes an individual's information processing capacity. A comparison was made of CNS profiles of concussed vs. nonconcussed individuals and demonstrated with 99% confidence that the two populations are statistically distinct. The study established solid proof-of-concept that cortical metrics have significant potential as a quantitative biomarker of CNS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tommerdahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert G Dennis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | | | | | | | - Oleg V Favorov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB No. 7575, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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22
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Mason RD, Welles HC, Adams C, Chakrabarti BK, Gorman J, Zhou T, Nguyen R, O’Dell S, Lusvarghi S, Bewley CA, Li H, Shaw GM, Sheng Z, Shapiro L, Wyatt R, Kwong PD, Mascola JR, Roederer M. Targeted Isolation of Antibodies Directed against Major Sites of SIV Env Vulnerability. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005537. [PMID: 27064278 PMCID: PMC4827850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenge model of lentiviral infection is often used as a model to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) for studying vaccine mediated and immune correlates of protection. However, knowledge of the structure of the SIV envelope (Env) glycoprotein is limited, as is knowledge of binding specificity, function and potential efficacy of SIV antibody responses. In this study we describe the use of a competitive probe binding sort strategy as well as scaffolded probes for targeted isolation of SIV Env-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We isolated nearly 70 SIV-specific mAbs directed against major sites of SIV Env vulnerability analogous to broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) targets of HIV-1, namely, the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), CD4-induced (CD4i)-site, peptide epitopes in variable loops 1, 2 and 3 (V1, V2, V3) and potentially glycan targets of SIV Env. The range of SIV mAbs isolated includes those exhibiting varying degrees of neutralization breadth and potency as well as others that demonstrated binding but not neutralization. Several SIV mAbs displayed broad and potent neutralization of a diverse panel of 20 SIV viral isolates with some also neutralizing HIV-27312A. This extensive panel of SIV mAbs will facilitate more effective use of the SIV non-human primate (NHP) model for understanding the variables in development of a HIV vaccine or immunotherapy. An antibody-based approach targeting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) protein may eventually prove to be effective in treating or preventing HIV infection. However, before any candidate HIV treatment or vaccine can be tested in humans, it must first be evaluated in nonhuman primates (NHPs)–the closest living relatives to humans. Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is the closest available non-chimeric virus—NHP model for studying and testing HIV vaccines or therapies. The SIV model complements the simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) model in distinctive ways, although less is known about SIV Env-specific antibody responses in NHPs. There are several sites on HIV Env that are vulnerable to antibody-mediated protection, and here we isolated and analyzed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from NHPs targeting analogous sites on SIV Env. In particular, we studied mAbs for their ability to bind the viral Env protein and to block infection of cells by widely divergent strains of SIV. These well-characterized SIV Env-specific antibodies will allow for more thorough NHP pre-clinical testing of various antibody-based SIV/HIV vaccine and immunotherapeutic strategies before proceeding to human clinical trials and may yield unanticipated findings relating to molecular mechanisms underlying the unusual breadth of neutralization observed in HIV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie D. Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDM); (MR)
| | - Hugh C. Welles
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cameron Adams
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bimal K. Chakrabarti
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) HIV Vaccine Design Program, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Haryana, India
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sijy O’Dell
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole A. Bewley
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hui Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - George M. Shaw
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Wyatt
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RDM); (MR)
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Nguyen R, Robinson A, Nicholls K, Varigos G, Dolianatis C. Withdrawn: An unusual urticarial eruption: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:e1. [PMID: 25988551 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nguyen R, McPherson T. An unexplained rash. Assoc Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.h2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Perfetto SP, Chattopadhyay PK, Wood J, Nguyen R, Ambrozak D, Hill JP, Roederer M. Q and B values are critical measurements required for inter-instrument standardization and development of multicolor flow cytometry staining panels. Cytometry A 2014; 85:1037-48. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Wood
- Department of Cancer Biology; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Richard Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center; NIAID, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20724
| | - David Ambrozak
- Vaccine Research Center; NIAID, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20724
| | | | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center; NIAID, NIH Bethesda Maryland 20724
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Cale EM, Doria-Rose NA, Tong T, Crooks ET, Nguyen R, Ambrozak DR, Perfetto SP, Roederer M, Binley JM, Mascola JR. Use of Enzyme-digested Virus-like Particles as Probes for Flow Cytometric Sorting of HIV-specific Neutralizing Ab-producing B-cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.5025.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Cale
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole A. Doria-Rose
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tommy Tong
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA, United States
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ema T. Crooks
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA, United States
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Richard Nguyen
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David R. Ambrozak
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen P. Perfetto
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James M. Binley
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA, United States
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John R. Mascola
- NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Nguyen R, Jouault N, Zanirati S, Rawiso M, Allouche L, Fuks G, Buhler E, Giuseppone N. Core-shell inversion by pH modulation in dynamic covalent micelles. Soft Matter 2014; 10:3926-3937. [PMID: 24699990 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent surfactants have been obtained by the reversible condensation of a hydrophobic aldehyde (ended by an ionic tip) with various neutral polyethylene glycol based hydrophilic amines. In water, the duality between the two hydrophilic domains (charged and neutral) leads to their segregation when the surfactants are self-assembled within micelles. Depending on the number of polyethylene glycol units, a core-shell inversion leading to a switching orientation of the ionic tips from the inside to the outside of the micelles has been demonstrated by a combination of scattering techniques. In competition experiments, when several amines of different pKas and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol chains are competing for the same aldehyde, it becomes possible to trigger this core-shell inversion by pH modulation and associated dynamic constitutional reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nguyen
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.
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Tubiana R, Mandelbrot L, Le Chenadec J, Delmas S, Rouzioux C, Hirt D, Treluyer JM, Ekoukou D, Bui E, Chaix ML, Blanche S, Warszawski J, Ngondi J, Chernai N, Teglas JP, Laurent C, Huyn P, Le Chenadec J, Delmas S, Warszawski J, Muret P, Baazia Y, Jeantils V, Lachassine E, Rodrigues A, Sackho A, Sagnet-Pham I, Tassi S, Breilh D, Iriard X, Andre G, Douard D, Reigadas S, Roux D, Louis I, Morlat P, Pedebosq S, Barre J, Estrangin E, Fauveau E, Garrait V, Ledudal P, Pichon C, Richier L, Thebault A, Touboul C, Bornarel D, Chambrin V, Clech L, Dubreuil P, Foix L'helias L, Picone O, Schoen H, Stralka M, Crenn-Hebert C, Floch-Tudal C, Hery E, Ichou H, Mandelbrot L, Meier F, Tournier V, Walter S, Chevojon P, Devidas A, Granier M, Khanfar-boudjemai M, Malbrunot C, Nguyen R, Ollivier B, Radideau E, Turpault I, Jault T, Barrail A, Colmant C, Fourcade C, Goujard C, Pallier C, Peretti D, Taburet AM, Bocket L, D'angelo S, Godart F, Hammou Y, Houdret N, Mazingue F, Thielemans B, Brochier C, Cotte L, Januel F, Le Thi T, Gagneux MC, Bozio A, Massardier J, Kebaïli K, Ben AK, Heller-Roussin B, Riehl C, Roos S, Taccot F, Winter C, Arias J, Brunet-François C, Dailly E, Flet L, Gournay V, Mechinaud F, Reliquet V, Winner N, Peytavin G, Bardin C, Boudjoudi N, Compagnucci A, Guerin C, Krivine A, Pannier E, Salmon D, Treluyer JM, Firtion G, Ayral D, Ciraru-Vigneron N, Mazeron MC, Rizzo Badoin N, Trout H, Benachi A, Boissand C, Bonnet D, Boucly S, Blanche S, Chaix ML, Duvivier C, Parat S, Cayol V, Oucherif S, Rouzioux C, Viard JP, Bonmarchand M, De Montgolfier I, Dommergues M, Fievet MH, Iguertsira M, Pauchard M, Quetin F, Soulie C, Tubiana R, Faye A, Magnier S, Bui E, Carbonne B, Daguenel Nguyen A, Harchi N, Meyohas MC, Poirier JM, Rodriguez J, Hervé F, Pialloux G, Dehee A, Dollfus C, Tillous Borde I, Vaudre G, Wallet A, Allemon MC, Bolot P, Boussairi A, Chaplain C, Ekoukou D, Ghibaudo N, Kana JM, Khuong MA, Weil M, Entz-Werle N, Livolsi Lutz P, Beretz L, Cheneau M, Partisani ML, Schmitt MP, Acar P, Armand E, Berrebi A, Guibaud Plo C, Lavit M, Nicot F, Tricoire J, Ajana F, Huleux T. Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy as a Nucleoside Analogue–Sparing Strategy to Prevent HIV-1 Mother-to-Child Transmission: The ANRS 135 PRIMEVA Phase 2/3 Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:891-902. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Nguyen R, Perfetto S, Mahnke YD, Chattopadhyay P, Roederer M. Quantifying spillover spreading for comparing instrument performance and aiding in multicolor panel design. Cytometry A 2013; 83:306-15. [PMID: 23389989 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After compensation, the measurement errors arising from multiple fluorescences spilling into each detector become evident by the spreading of nominally negative distributions. Depending on the instrument configuration and performance, and reagents used, this "spillover spreading" (SS) affects sensitivity in any given parameter. The degree of SS had been predicted theoretically to increase with measurement error, i.e., by the square root of fluorescence intensity, as well as directly related to the spectral overlap matrix coefficients. We devised a metric to quantify SS between any pair of detectors. This metric is intrinsic, as it is independent of fluorescence intensity. The combination of all such values for one instrument can be represented as a spillover spreading matrix (SSM). Single-stained controls were used to determine the SSM on multiple instruments over time, and under various conditions of signal quality. SSM values reveal fluorescence spectrum interactions that can limit the sensitivity of a reagent in the presence of brightly-stained cells on a different color. The SSM was found to be highly reproducible; its non-trivial values show a CV of less than 30% across a 2-month time frame. In addition, the SSM is comparable between similarly-configured instruments; instrument-specific differences in the SSM reveal underperforming detectors. Quantifying and monitoring the SSM can be a useful tool in instrument quality control to ensure consistent sensitivity and performance. In addition, the SSM is a key element for predicting the performance of multicolor immunofluorescence panels, which will aid in the optimization and development of new panels. We propose that the SSM is a critical component of QA/QC in evaluation of flow cytometer performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Nguyen
- Flow Cytometry Core, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3015, USA
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Nguyen R, Mir TS, Kluwe L, Jett K, Kentsch M, Mueller G, Kehrer-Sawatzki H, Friedman JM, Mautner VF. Cardiac characterization of 16 patients with large NF1 gene deletions. Clin Genet 2012; 84:344-9. [PMID: 23278345 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize cardiac features of patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) and large deletions of the NF1 gene region. The study participants were 16 patients with large NF1 deletions and 16 age- and sex-matched NF1 patients without such deletions. All the patients were comprehensively characterized clinically and by echocardiography. Six of 16 NF1 deletion patients but none of 16 non-deletion NF1 patients have major cardiac abnormalities (p = 0.041). Congenital heart defects (CHDs) include mitral insufficiency in two patients and ventricular septal defect, aortic stenosis, and aortic insufficiency in one patient each. Three deletion patients have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two patients have intracardiac tumors. NF1 patients without large deletions have increased left ventricular (LV) diastolic posterior wall thickness (p < 0.001) and increased intraventricular diastolic septal thickness (p = 0.001) compared with a healthy reference population without NF1, suggestive of eccentric LV hypertrophy. CHDs and other cardiovascular anomalies are more frequent among patients with large NF1 deletion and may cause serious clinical complications. Eccentric LV hypertrophy may occur in NF1 patients without whole gene deletions, but the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain. All patients with clinical suspicion for NF1 should be referred to a cardiologist for evaluation and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Mautner VF, Nguyen R, Knecht R, Bokemeyer C. Radiographic regression of vestibular schwannomas induced by bevacizumab treatment: sustain under continuous drug application and rebound after drug discontinuation. Ann Oncol 2010; 21:2294-2295. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Perfetto SP, Chattopadhyay PK, Lamoreaux L, Nguyen R, Ambrozak D, Koup RA, Roederer M. Amine-reactive dyes for dead cell discrimination in fixed samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; Chapter 9:Unit 9.34. [PMID: 20578108 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0934s53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amine-reactive dyes, also known as LIVE/DEAD fixable dead cell stains, are a class of viability dyes suitable for identifying dead cells in samples that will be fixed. These dyes cross the cell membranes of dead cells, and react with free amines in the cytoplasm. Live cells exclude these dyes because their cell membranes are intact, and free dye is washed away after staining. Notably, the reaction is irreversible; therefore, when cells are fixed and permeabilized (as with intracellular staining procedures), the bound dye remains associated with the dead cells (unlike other viability dyes). Since amine-reactive dyes are fluorescent when excited by lasers, dead cells can be identified by flow cytometry. This unit describes procedures, troubleshooting, and outcomes for using the two most commonly used amine-reactive dyes, ViViD and Aqua Blue.
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Nguyen R, Koutlas I, Pambuccian S, Kademani D. Poster Board Number: 24: Oral Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OPSCCa): Clinicopathologic Characteristics and ImmunoHistochemical Study of P16ink4a Reactivity. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2010.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mautner VF, Nguyen R, Bernhard A, von Kodolitsch Y, Zenker M, Kutsche K. Neuro-kardio-fazio-kutane Syndrome. MED GENET-BERLIN 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-010-0208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Neuro-kardio-fazio-kutane („neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous“: NCFC) Syndrome wurden in den letzten Jahren als eine Gruppe von angeborenen Erkrankungen definiert, deren phänotypische Überschneidungen eine gemeinsame pathogenetische Grundlage haben. Erkrankungen aus diesem phänotypischen Spektrum gehen mit einer Überfunktion des RAS-MAPK-Signalwegs (RAS: „rat sarcoma“, MAPK mitogenaktivierte Proteinkinase) einher. Zu den neuro-kardio-fazio-kutanen Erkrankungen gehören das Noonan-, das LEOPARD-, das kardio-fazio-kutane („cardio-facio-cutaneous“: CFC) und das Costello-Syndrom, die Neurofibromatose Typ 1 sowie das Legius-Syndrom. Für eine sachgerechte medizinische Diagnostik und Behandlung sowie die notwendige psychosoziale Betreuung von Betroffenen und deren Familien ist das Zusammenwirken verschiedener Fachdisziplinen notwendig.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.-F. Mautner
- Aff1_208 grid.13648.38 0000000121803484 Bereich Phakomatosen, Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - R. Nguyen
- Aff1_208 grid.13648.38 0000000121803484 Bereich Phakomatosen, Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraße 52 20246 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - A. Bernhard
- Aff2_208 grid.13648.38 0000000121803484 Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Deutschland
| | - Y. von Kodolitsch
- Aff2_208 grid.13648.38 0000000121803484 Universitäres Herzzentrum Hamburg Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Deutschland
| | - M. Zenker
- Aff3_208 grid.5330.5 0000000121073311 Humangenetisches Institut Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erlangen Deutschland
- Aff4_208 grid.5807.a 0000000110184307 Institut für Humangenetik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - K. Kutsche
- Aff5_208 grid.13648.38 0000000121803484 Institut für Humangenetik Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg Deutschland
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Barr NB, Hall DG, Weathersbee AA, Nguyen R, Stansly P, Qureshi JA, Flores D. Comparison of laboratory colonies and field populations of Tamarixia radiata, an ectoparasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, using internal transcribed spacer and cytochrome oxidase subunit I DNA sequences. J Econ Entomol 2009; 102:2325-2332. [PMID: 20069864 DOI: 10.1603/029.102.0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) laboratory colonies derived from collections in China, northern Vietnam, Pakistan, and a mixed colony from Taiwan and southern Vietnam was evaluated using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1, ITS-2, and the 5' end of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The strains share the same ITS sequence, consistent with the morphological hypothesis that the collections represent a single species. The COI marker was variable and could distinguish the northern Vietnam and Pakistan colonies from each other and from the other colonies. Comparison of COI sequences from field-collected populations of Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Texas indicates that Florida is not a likely source of the introduction into Puerto Rico but is a likely source of the introduction into Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B Barr
- Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Mission Laboratory, USDA-APHIS, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA.
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Mautner VF, Nguyen R, Kutta H, Fuensterer C, Bokemeyer C, Hagel C, Friedrich RE, Scott SR, Panse J. Bevacizumab induces regression of vestibular schwannomas leading to improved hearing in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients. Akt Neurol 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1238749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Batchinsky A, Ward J, Necsoiu C, Walker K, Nguyen R, Baer L, Burns J, Hagerman E, Wade C, Cancio L. Are we listening to music or noise? Use of the Lyapunov exponent for comprehensive assessment of heart rate complexity during hemorrhage in sedated conscious miniature swine. J Crit Care 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nguyen R, Dombi E, Widemann B, Solomon J, Fünsterer C, Mautner V. Semiquantitative Volumetrie zur Verlaufsbeobachtung von Neurofibromatose Typ 1-assoziierten plexiformen Neurofibromen. Akt Neurol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1086679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
This protocol outlines a three-part quality assurance program to optimize, calibrate and monitor flow cytometers used to measure cells labeled with five or more fluorochromes (a practice known as polychromatic flow cytometry). The initial steps of this program (system optimization) ensure that the instrument's lasers, mirrors and filters are optimally configured for the generation and transmission of multiple fluorescent signals. To determine the sensitivity and dynamic range of each fluorescence detector, the system is then calibrated by measuring fluorescence over a range of photomultiplier tube (PMT) voltages by determining the PMT voltage range and linearity (Steps 2-10) and validating the PMT voltage (Steps 11-17). Finally, to ensure consistent performance, we provide procedures to monitor the precision, accuracy and sensitivity of fluorescence measurements over time. All three aspects of this program should be performed upon installation, or whenever changes occur along the flow cytometer's optical path. However, only a few of these procedures need to be carried out on a routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Perfetto
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Deneuville M, Pierrot J, Nguyen R. PO16-431 CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN CARIBBEAN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB ARTERIAL DISEASE. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Giuly J, Nguyen R. [Comment on the article "Seromuscularis rupture of the oesophagus after vomiting: a rare cause of hemothorax"]. Ann Chir 2006; 131:574. [PMID: 16822474 DOI: 10.1016/j.anchir.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
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Perfetto SP, Chattopadhyay PK, Lamoreaux L, Nguyen R, Ambrozak D, Koup RA, Roederer M. Amine reactive dyes: An effective tool to discriminate live and dead cells in polychromatic flow cytometry. J Immunol Methods 2006; 313:199-208. [PMID: 16756987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 04/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-damaged cells caused by either mechanical trauma or through normal biological processes can produce artifacts in immunophenotyping analysis by flow cytometry. Dead cells can nonspecifically bind monoclonal antibody conjugates, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions, particularly when cell frequencies are low. To date, DNA intercalating dyes (Ethidium monoazaide (EMA), Propidium Iodide, 7AAD, etc.) or Annexin V have been commonly used to exclude dead cells; however, each suffer from technical problems. The first issue with such dyes is the dependence on a consistent dead cell source for fluorescence compensation. Another major issue is the stability of the staining; except for EMA, fixation and permeablization used for intracellular staining procedures can cause loss of fluorescence. EMA requires a UV exposure to covalently bond to DNA; while this dye is effective and is not affected by intracellular treatments it is weakly fluorescent. Here we report on the optimization of a new class of viability dyes, the amine reactive viability dyes (ViD) as a dead cell exclusion marker. The inclusion of ViD into the staining panel was found to be simple, reproducible and can have a significant benefit on the accuracy of identifying appropriate cell populations. We show the fluorescence of cells stained with these dyes correlates with traditional dead cell discriminating markers, even after fixation and permeabilization. Amine reactive viability dyes are a powerful tool for fluorescence immunophenotyping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Perfetto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, 40 Convent Dr, Room 5509, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Nguyen R, Cooper G. Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Spontaneous Abortion as Risk Factors for Lupus. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s147-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Portier F, Isnard C, Helbert T, Bonnetti M, Nguyen R, Giuly J. [Etiology of liver abscess. 1. A rare etiology...]. J Chir (Paris) 2006; 143:194-5. [PMID: 16888607 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(06)73662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
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Vinciullo C, Elliott T, Francis D, Gebauer K, Spelman L, Nguyen R, Weightman W, Sheridan A, Reid C, Czarnecki D, Murrell D. Photodynamic therapy with topical methyl aminolaevulinate for 'difficult-to-treat' basal cell carcinoma. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:765-72. [PMID: 15840111 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) may be difficult to treat by conventional means, particularly if the lesions are large or located in the mid-face (H-zone). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using topical methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) may be a good noninvasive option for these patients. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and safety of PDT using MAL for BCCs defined as 'difficult to treat', i.e. large lesions, in the H-zone, or in patients at high risk of surgical complications. METHODS This was a prospective, multicentre, noncomparative study. Patients were assessed 3, 12 and 24 months after the last PDT treatment. One hundred and two patients with 'difficult-to-treat' BCC were treated with MAL PDT, using 160 mg g(-1) cream and 75 J cm(-2) red light (570-670 nm), after lesion preparation and 3 h of cream exposure. Results Ninety-five patients with 148 lesions were included in the per protocol analysis. The histologically confirmed lesion complete response rate at 3 months was 89% (131 of 148). At 12 months, 10 lesions had reappeared, and therefore the cumulative treatment failure rate was 18% (27 of 148). At 24 months, an additional nine lesions had reappeared, resulting in a cumulative treatment failure rate of 24% (36 of 148). The estimated sustained lesion complete response rate (assessed using a time-to-event approach) was 90% at 3 months, 84% at 12 months and 78% at 24 months. Overall cosmetic outcome was judged as excellent or good in 79% and 84% of the patients at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Follow-up is continuing for up to 5 years. CONCLUSIONS MAL PDT is an attractive option for 'difficult-to-treat' BCC. Because of the excellent cosmetic results, the treatment is particularly well suited for lesions that would otherwise require extensive surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vinciullo
- Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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Piaton JM, Keller P, Sahel JA, Nguyen R, Quesnot S. [Dacryolithiasis: diagnosis using nasal endoscopy]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2003; 26:685-98. [PMID: 13130256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the value of two new clinical findings for the diagnosis of dacryolithiasis discovered with nasal endoscopy: anatomical abnormalities of the Hasner valve (HV) and mucopurulent discharge visible at this valve. The value of these findings is compared with other clinical and radiological signs of dacryolithiasis. A hypothesis is developed as to the responsibility of the HV in the formation of dacryolithiasis. METHOD This study was prospective and based on 797 operations performed for epiphora: 647 endonasal dacryocystorhinostomies and 150 meatotomies of the HV, with systematic preoperative nasal videoendoscopy. Ninety dacryocystographies (DCGs) and 129 lacrimal computed tomographies (LCT) were preoperatively performed. RESULTS Dacryoliths were found in 55 of 797 patients (6.9%). The HV could be examined in 48 patients in the lithiasis group and in 687 patients in the control group. Mucopurulent discharge was observed in 22 patients with lithiasis (45.8%) and in 40 patients (5.8%) (p<10(-6)) of the control group. Anatomical abnormalities of the HV were found in 40 patients with dacryolithiasis (83.3%) as compared to 82 patients ing the control group (11.4%) (p<10(-6)). In 13 patients, the VH was very small (<2 mm), in 12 patients it was very long (>15 mm), and in 15 patients both abnormalities were observed. Other clinical signs were young age (mean, 48.2 years vs 59.1% in the control group) (p<0.05), a history of acute noninfectious dacryocystic retention (38.2% vs 9.5%) (p<10(-5)), partial obstruction of the lacrimal pathway (LP) (61.8% vs 30.5%) (p<10(-5)). The 28 LCTs that were performed in subjects who had lithiasis made it possible to diagnose 19 cases of dacryolithiasis and confirmed abnormalities of the HV causing narrowing of the LP in 20. CONCLUSION Dacryolithiasis is frequent and often misdiagnosed. When dacryolithiasis is suspected, a nasal videoendoscopic exam must be done to seek HV abnormalities and mucopurulent discharge at this valve. This latter finding, i.e., the association of mucopurulent discharge with a patent lacrimal system, has high specificity. The finding of numerous anatomical abnormalities of the HV may be an indication that congenital malformation of the HV is the cause of many cases of lithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Piaton
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHNO des XV-XX, 75012 Paris.
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Freeman M, Vinciullo C, Francis D, Spelman L, Nguyen R, Fergin P, Thai KE, Murrell D, Weightman W, Anderson C, Reid C, Watson A, Foley P. A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a prospective, randomized study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2003; 14:99-106. [PMID: 12775317 DOI: 10.1080/09546630310012118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) is a very common condition, which has the potential of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma. The present study is a prospective, randomized study comparing the lesion response, cosmetic outcome, patient satisfaction and tolerability of a new treatment modality, photodynamic therapy (PDT), using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix), with the most commonly used standard therapy for AK, cryotherapy. METHODS A total of 204 patients with clinically diagnosed AK were randomized to either cryotherapy or PDT. The PDT patients were further assigned to an active or placebo group in a random, double-blind manner. Cryotherapy was performed using liquid nitrogen spray in a single freeze-thaw cycle. PDT was performed using 160 mg/g methyl aminolevulinate cream or placebo, a 3-hour application time, red light (570-670 nm) and a total light dose of 75 J/cm(2). PDT was repeated after 7 days. Two sessions of PDT were undertaken, as a previous study had shown a single session had similar efficacy to cryotherapy. Lesion response was assessed clinically after 3 months (complete response or non-complete response). RESULTS The lesion response rate was 91% in the methyl aminolevulinate PDT group, 68% in the cryotherapy group and 30% in the placebo PDT group. Methyl aminolevulinate PDT was statistically significantly better than both cryotherapy and placebo PDT in terms of response rates and cosmetic outcome. Most patients preferred PDT to other treatments. CONCLUSIONS PDT with methyl aminolevulinate is an excellent treatment option, particularly for patients with widespread damage or AK lesions in cosmetically sensitive areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Freeman
- The Skin Centre, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Demeilliers C, Maisonneuve C, Grodet A, Mansouri A, Nguyen R, Tinel M, Lettéron P, Degott C, Feldmann G, Pessayre D, Fromenty B. Impaired adaptive resynthesis and prolonged depletion of hepatic mitochondrial DNA after repeated alcohol binges in mice. Gastroenterology 2002; 123:1278-90. [PMID: 12360488 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2002.35952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS A single dose of alcohol causes transient hepatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion in mice followed by increased mtDNA synthesis and an overshoot of mtDNA levels. We determined the effect of repeated alcohol binges on hepatic mtDNA in mice. METHODS Ethanol (5 g/kg) was administered by gastric intubation daily for 4 days, and mtDNA levels, synthesis, and integrity were assessed by slot blot hybridization, in organello [3H]deoxythymidine triphosphate incorporation, and long polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. RESULTS mtDNA levels were decreased for 48 hours after the last dose, with no overshoot phenomenon later on. Two and 24 hours after the fourth dose, long polymerase chain reaction experiments showed DNA lesions that blocked the progress of the polymerases and in organello mtDNA synthesis was decreased, although DNA polymerase gamma activity was unchanged with synthetic templates. Mitochondria exhibited ultrastructural abnormalities, and respiration was impaired 2 and 24 hours after the fourth binge. Cytochrome P450 2E1, mitochondrial generation of peroxides, thiobarbituric acid reactants, and ethane exhalation were increased. CONCLUSIONS After repeated doses of ethanol, the accumulation of unrepaired mtDNA lesions (possibly involving lipid peroxidation-induced adducts) blocks the progress of polymerase gamma on mtDNA and prevents adaptive mtDNA resynthesis, causing prolonged hepatic mtDNA depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Demeilliers
- INSERM Unité 481 and Centre Claude Bernard de Recherches sur les Hépatites Virales, France
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Rusconi F, Valton E, Nguyen R, Dufourc E. Quantification of sodium dodecyl sulfate in microliter-volume biochemical samples by visible light spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2001; 295:31-7. [PMID: 11476542 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) quantitation in microliter-volume complex biochemical samples is described. The quantitation is based on the use of a dye, stains-all, the color of which changes from intense fuchsia to yellow upon addition of SDS. We show that this color change is gradual and proportional to the amount of SDS added to the stains-all solution, thus allowing its use to reliably quantitate SDS in biochemical samples by means of a visible light spectrophotometer. A large number of compounds widely used in biochemistry are herein shown not to interfere with the SDS measurement when they are present in the sample at usual biochemical concentrations. Furthermore, linearity between the color change and the amount of SDS present in the sample is never impaired when huge amounts of these compounds are also present, thus making this quantitation method highly reliable with use of a calibration curve. The method allows easy and reliable quantitation of microgram amounts of SDS in microliter-volume biochemical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rusconi
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, ENSCPB, Avenue Pey Berland, Talence Cedex, F-33402,
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Cole KD, Tellez CM, Nguyen R. Controlling electrophoretic trapping of circular DNA by addition of starch preparations to agarose gels. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2001; 95:31-43. [PMID: 11665805 DOI: 10.1385/abab:95:1:31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2001] [Revised: 05/22/2001] [Accepted: 06/05/2001] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Starch preparations were added to agarose gels to enhance the electrophoretic trapping of circular plasmid DNA. The critical voltages required to trap the open circular (OC) and the supercoiled (SC) forms of a 13.1-kbp plasmid were measured in gels composed of agarose and added starch preparations. Modified starch preparations reduced the critical voltage required to trap the OC form of the plasmid to approximately one-third of the control value (in 1% agarose gels). Amylose (a fraction of starch with a low amount of branching) also reduced the critical voltage to trap the OC form in a similar manner. The critical voltage to trap the SC form of the plasmid was not significantly reduced by the starch preparations. The capacity to trap OC DNA was increased by the addition of higher amounts of the starch preparations added to the gels. Field inversion gel etectrophoresis was used to characterize the length of the traps in the gels. The starch preparations and amylose increased the trap lengths approximately twofold. The increased trap length correlated with the decreased critical voltage required to trap the OC form of the 13.1-kbp plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Cole
- Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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