1
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Sankhala RS, Dussupt V, Chen WH, Bai H, Martinez EJ, Jensen JL, Rees PA, Hajduczki A, Chang WC, Choe M, Yan L, Sterling SL, Swafford I, Kuklis C, Soman S, King J, Corbitt C, Zemil M, Peterson CE, Mendez-Rivera L, Townsley SM, Donofrio GC, Lal KG, Tran U, Green EC, Smith C, de Val N, Laing ED, Broder CC, Currier JR, Gromowski GD, Wieczorek L, Rolland M, Paquin-Proulx D, van Dyk D, Britton Z, Rajan S, Loo YM, McTamney PM, Esser MT, Polonis VR, Michael NL, Krebs SJ, Modjarrad K, Joyce MG. Antibody targeting of conserved sites of vulnerability on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain. Structure 2024; 32:131-147.e7. [PMID: 38157856 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Given the continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VoCs), immunotherapeutics that target conserved epitopes on the spike (S) glycoprotein have therapeutic advantages. Here, we report the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S receptor-binding domain (RBD) at 1.95 Å and describe flexibility and distinct conformations of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding site. We identify a set of SARS-CoV-2-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with broad RBD cross-reactivity including SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, SARS-CoV-1, and other sarbecoviruses and determine the crystal structures of mAb-RBD complexes with Ab246 and CR3022 mAbs targeting the class IV site, WRAIR-2134, which binds the recently designated class V epitope, and WRAIR-2123, the class I ACE2-binding site. The broad reactivity of class IV and V mAbs to conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 VoCs and other sarbecovirus provides a framework for long-term immunotherapeutic development strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongjun Bai
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaime L Jensen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phyllis A Rees
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer L Sterling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabella Swafford
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Corbitt
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Townsley
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina C Donofrio
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerri G Lal
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ursula Tran
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ethan C Green
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clayton Smith
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA; Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dewald van Dyk
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Britton
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Saravanan Rajan
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering (ADPE), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yueh Ming Loo
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Patrick M McTamney
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines and Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Mastraccio KE, Huaman C, Coggins SA, Clouse C, Rader M, Yan L, Mandal P, Hussain I, Ahmed AE, Ho T, Feasley A, Vu BK, Smith IL, Markotter W, Weir DL, Laing ED, Broder CC, Schaefer BC. mAb therapy controls CNS-resident lyssavirus infection via a CD4 T cell-dependent mechanism. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16394. [PMID: 37767784 PMCID: PMC10565638 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections with rabies virus (RABV) and related lyssaviruses are uniformly fatal once virus accesses the central nervous system (CNS) and causes disease signs. Current immunotherapies are thus focused on the early, pre-symptomatic stage of disease, with the goal of peripheral neutralization of virus to prevent CNS infection. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of F11, an anti-lyssavirus human monoclonal antibody (mAb), on established lyssavirus infections. We show that a single dose of F11 limits viral load in the brain and reverses disease signs following infection with a lethal dose of lyssavirus, even when administered after initiation of robust virus replication in the CNS. Importantly, we found that F11-dependent neutralization is not sufficient to protect animals from mortality, and a CD4 T cell-dependent adaptive immune response is required for successful control of infection. F11 significantly changes the spectrum of leukocyte populations in the brain, and the FcRγ-binding function of F11 contributes to therapeutic efficacy. Thus, mAb therapy can drive potent neutralization-independent T cell-mediated effects, even against an established CNS infection by a lethal neurotropic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Mastraccio
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
- Present address:
Wadsworth CenterNew York State Department of HealthAlbanyNYUSA
| | - Celeste Huaman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Caitlyn Clouse
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Madeline Rader
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Pratyusha Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Imran Hussain
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Anwar E Ahmed
- Department of Preventive Medicine and BiostatisticsUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Trung Ho
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Austin Feasley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.MDBethesdaUSA
| | - Bang K Vu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Lentigen Technology, Inc.GaithersburgMDUSA
| | - Ina L Smith
- Risk Evaluation and Preparedness Program, Health and BiosecurityCSIROBlack MountainACTAustralia
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory ServicePretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Dawn L Weir
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
The Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringU.S. Naval Research LaboratoryWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMDUSA
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3
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Andronescu LR, Richard SA, Laing ED, Pisanic N, Coggins SA, Rivera MG, Kruczynski K, Saperstein AK, Modi J, Fraser JA, Shaikh S, Broder CC, Burgess TH, Heaney CD, Pollett SD, Millar E, Coles CL, Simons MP. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Saliva and Dried Blood Spot Surveillance Strategies in a Congregate Population. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1925-1928. [PMID: 37579513 PMCID: PMC10461675 DOI: 10.3201/eid2909.230417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal approach to COVID-19 surveillance in congregate populations remains unclear. Our study at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA, assessed the concordance of antibody prevalence in longitudinally collected dried blood spots and saliva in a setting of frequent PCR-based testing. Our findings highlight the utility of salivary-based surveillance.
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4
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Graydon EK, Conner TL, Dunham K, Olsen C, Goguet E, Coggins SA, Rekedal M, Samuels E, Jackson-Thompson B, Moser M, Lindrose A, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Maiolatesi S, Alcorta Y, Reyes A, Wong M, Ramsey K, Davies J, Parmelee E, Ortega O, Sanchez M, Moller S, Inglefield J, Tribble D, Burgess T, O’Connell R, Malloy AMW, Pollett S, Broder CC, Laing ED, Anderson SK, Mitre E. Natural killer cells and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine reactogenicity and durability. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225025. [PMID: 37711632 PMCID: PMC10497936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Natural killer (NK) cells can both amplify and regulate immune responses to vaccination. Studies in humans and animals have observed NK cell activation within days after mRNA vaccination. In this study, we sought to determine if baseline NK cell frequencies, phenotype, or function correlate with antibody responses or inflammatory side effects induced by the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Methods We analyzed serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 188 participants in the Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion study, an observational study evaluating immune responses in healthcare workers. Baseline serum samples and PBMCs were collected from all participants prior to any SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Spike-specific IgG antibodies were quantified at one and six months post-vaccination by microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay. NK cell frequencies and phenotypes were assessed on pre-vaccination PBMCs from all participants by multi-color flow cytometry, and on a subset of participants at time points after the 1st and 2nd doses of BNT162b2. Inflammatory side effects were assessed by structured symptom questionnaires, and baseline NK cell functionality was quantified by an in vitro killing assay on participants that reported high or low post-vaccination symptom scores. Results Key observations include: 1) circulating NK cells exhibit evidence of activation in the week following vaccination, 2) individuals with high symptom scores after 1st vaccination had higher pre-vaccination NK cytotoxicity indices, 3) high pre-vaccination NK cell numbers were associated with lower spike-specific IgG levels six months after two BNT162b2 doses, and 4) expression of the inhibitory marker NKG2A on immature NK cells was associated with higher antibody responses 1 and 6 months post-vaccination. Discussion These results suggest that NK cell activation by BNT162b2 vaccination may contribute to vaccine-induced inflammatory symptoms and reduce durability of vaccine-induced antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. Graydon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tonia L. Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kim Dunham
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Cara Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Si’Ana A. Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marana Rekedal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Belinda Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew Moser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa Lindrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Santina Maiolatesi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Anatalio Reyes
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mimi Wong
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Kathy Ramsey
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC), Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Julian Davies
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Orlando Ortega
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mimi Sanchez
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sydney Moller
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jon Inglefield
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert O’Connell
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Simon Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephen K. Anderson
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
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5
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Huaman C, Paskey AC, Clouse C, Feasley A, Rader M, Rice GK, Luquette AE, Fitzpatrick MC, Drumm HM, Yan L, Cer RZ, Donduashvili M, Buchukuri T, Nanava A, Hulseberg CE, Washington MA, Laing ED, Malagon F, Broder CC, Bishop-Lilly KA, Schaefer BC. Genomic Surveillance of Rabies Virus in Georgian Canines. Viruses 2023; 15:1797. [PMID: 37766204 PMCID: PMC10537093 DOI: 10.3390/v15091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that is considered a re-emerging infectious disease. Although rabies remains endemic in canines throughout much of the world, vaccination programs have essentially eliminated dog rabies in the Americas and much of Europe. However, despite the goal of eliminating dog rabies in the European Union by 2020, sporadic cases of dog rabies still occur in Eastern Europe, including Georgia. To assess the genetic diversity of the strains recently circulating in Georgia, we sequenced seventy-eight RABV-positive samples from the brain tissues of rabid dogs and jackals using Illumina short-read sequencing of total RNA shotgun libraries. Seventy-seven RABV genomes were successfully assembled and annotated, with seventy-four of them reaching the coding-complete status. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes placed all the assembled genomes into the Cosmopolitan clade, consistent with the Georgian origin of the samples. An amino acid alignment of the G glycoprotein ectodomain identified twelve different sequences for this domain among the samples. Only one of the ectodomain groups contained a residue change in an antigenic site, an R264H change in the G5 antigenic site. Three isolates were cultured, and these were found to be efficiently neutralized by the human monoclonal antibody A6. Overall, our data show that recently circulating RABV isolates from Georgian canines are predominantly closely related phylogroup I viruses of the Cosmopolitan clade. Current human rabies vaccines should offer protection against infection by Georgian canine RABVs. The genomes have been deposited in GenBank (accessions: OQ603609-OQ603685).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Huaman
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adrian C. Paskey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Caitlyn Clouse
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Austin Feasley
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Madeline Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory K. Rice
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Andrea E. Luquette
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Maren C. Fitzpatrick
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Hannah M. Drumm
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Tamar Buchukuri
- State Laboratory of Agriculture (SLA), Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Anna Nanava
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi 0198, Georgia
| | | | | | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian C. Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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6
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Amaya M, Broder CC, Laing ED. Recombinant Cedar Virus: A Henipavirus Reverse Genetics Platform. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:73-86. [PMID: 37610574 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The isolation of Cedar virus, a nonpathogenic henipavirus that is closely related to the highly pathogenic Nipah virus and Hendra virus, provides a new platform for henipavirus experimentation and a tool to investigate biological differences among these viruses under less stringent biological containment. Here, we detail a reverse genetics system used to rescue two replication-competent, recombinant Cedar virus variants: a recombinant wild-type Cedar virus and a recombinant Cedar virus that express a green fluorescent protein from an open reading frame inserted between the phosphoprotein and matrix genes. This recombinant Cedar virus platform may be utilized to characterize the determinants of pathogenesis across the henipaviruses, investigate their receptor tropisms, and identify novel pan-henipavirus antivirals safely under biosafety level-2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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7
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Yan L, Sterling SL, Fusco DL, Chan YP, Xu K, Laing ED, Broder CC. Recombinant Soluble Henipavirus Glycoprotein Preparation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:33-58. [PMID: 37610572 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Henipaviruses possess two envelope glycoproteins, the attachment (G) and the fusion (F) proteins that mediate cellular entry and are the major targets of virus-neutralizing antibody responses. Recombinant expression technologies have been used to produce soluble G and F proteins (sG and sF) that retain native-like oligomeric conformations and epitopes, which are advantageous for the development and characterization of vaccines and antiviral antibody therapeutics. In addition to Hendra virus and Nipah virus tetrameric sG and trimeric sF production, we also describe the expression and purification of Cedar virus tetrameric sG and Ghana virus trimeric sF glycoproteins. These henipavirus glycoproteins were also used as immunizing antigens to generate monoclonal antibodies, and binding was demonstrated with a pan-henipavirus multiplex microsphere immunoassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer L Sterling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah L Fusco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yee-Peng Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Goguet E, Weiss CD, Olsen C, Powers JH, Coggins SA, Tribble D, Davies J, Illinik L, Lusvarghi S, Edwards MS, Jackson-Thompson B, Hollis-Perry M, Pollett S, Wang G, Alcorta Y, Wong M, Saunders D, Mohammed R, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Haines-Hull H, Moser MS, Samuels EC, Tso MS, Graydon E, Malloy AM, Schully K, Burgess T, Broder CC, Laing ED, Mitre E. 1047. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections, BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 Vaccine-Related Symptoms, and Correlates of Immunity in Post-Vaccination Breakthrough Infections in the Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion (PASS) Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We sought to determine the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID 19 vaccine-related symptoms, and the correlates of immunity in post-vaccination breakthrough infections in a prospective cohort of healthcare workers.
Methods
We have been conducting a single-center, observational cohort study of healthcare workers. 271 participants were enrolled since August 25, 2020. Testing for SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-specific IgG antibodies is conducted using a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay interpolated against an internal standard curve for binding antibody (bAb) units (BAU) and has been performed on serum samples collected at monthly visits between September 2020 to August of 2021, and quarterly since then. Neutralizing antibody titers against wild-type (WT) virus are determined by microneutralization assays and against Delta and Omicron variants by lentiviral pseudovirus neutralization assays. For the first 6 months, participants completed a symptoms questionnaire every day they had any symptoms.
Results
12 participants were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, with at least mild symptoms. Of 206 participants evaluated for adverse effects after 1st and 2nd vaccine doses, no relationship was observed between vaccine-associated symptom scores and antibody titers 1 month after the 2nd dose. Longitudinal studies demonstrate that anti-S IgG bAbs decrease from a geometric mean (GM) of 1929 BAU/mL at 1 month post-vaccination to a GM of 442 BAU/mL at 6 months post-vaccination (P< 0.001, n=187), and that boosting increases S-specific IgG BAU. While only 5 of 39 participants had detectable anti-Omicron neutralizing activity 1 month after 2 vaccinations, booster vaccination resulted in detectable neutralizing activity for all participants.
Conclusion
Asymptomatic infection is likely rare, that there is no relationship between vaccine-associated symptom severity and antibody titers 1 month after the 2nd vaccination, and that booster results in better protection against the Omicron variant. Ongoing studies are evaluating serological and cellular immune responses immediately prior to 38 breakthrough infections in an attempt to identify immune correlates of protection and will be reported at the conference.
Disclosures
John H. Powers, III, MD, Arrevus: Advisor/Consultant|Eicos: Advisor/Consultant|Evofem: Advisor/Consultant|Eyecheck: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|OPKO: Advisor/Consultant|Resolve: Advisor/Consultant|Romark: Advisor/Consultant|SpineBioPharma: Advisor/Consultant|UTIlity: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Advisor/Consultant David Tribble, MD, DrPH, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Simon Pollett, MBBS, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Timothy Burgess, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol D Weiss
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Cara Olsen
- Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julian Davies
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Admninistration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Margaret Sanchez Edwards
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health SciencesHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory Wang
- Naval Medical Research Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- CTC, NMRC , General Dynamics Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mimi Wong
- CTC, NMRC , General Dynamics Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Saunders
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Orlando Ortega
- HJF, Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Allison M Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edward Mitre
- Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Andronescu LR, Richard SA, Laing ED, Saperstein AK, Modi J, Heaney CD, Fraser JA, Shaikh S, Broder CC, Burgess TH, Pollett S, Millar EV, Coles CL, Simons MP. 1884. Evaluating SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Strategies at the United States Naval Academy: A Comparison of Saliva and Dried Blood Spot Serosurveillance Against Molecular-Confirmed Case Detection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [PMCID: PMC9752499 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congregate military populations remain at risk of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and the optimal surveillance approach in such settings remains unclear. We enrolled midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) in a setting of frequent PCR screening use of prevention strategies. Methods Dried blood spots (DBS) and saliva were collected in August 2020, December 2020, February 2021 (saliva only) and April/May 2021 to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleoprotein (NP) IgG. COVID-19 vaccine history and records of SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests and routine asymptomatic screening assays were obtained from the USNA Brigade Medical Clinic. Attack rates were compared with cumulative frequencies of infections. Concordance of saliva and DBS anti-NP and anti-S IgG positivity was determined using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Results The study enrolled 181 midshipmen. COVID-19 vaccinations were administered in March/April 2021. Samples were collected for 101 participants in August, 73 in December, 57 in February (saliva only), and 63 in April/May. In August, 17 (17%) participants showed evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on anti-S IgG values from DBS and/or saliva. By December 2020, anti-S seroconversion was observed for 5 more based on DBS and/or saliva. By May 2021, 100% of participants were anti-S IgG seropositive after vaccination based on DBS and/or saliva; 48% of participants had seroconverted to anti-NP IgG. Among participants with both DBS and saliva samples, a coefficient of 0.64 showed substantial agreement between anti-S IgG results in August and perfect agreement in December (Table 1). DBS and saliva results for anti-NP IgG were in perfect agreement through December and in substantial agreement in May (0.68, Table 2). Prior to vaccination in March/April 2021, 4/48 of participants had at least one documented SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive result (Table 3). Cumulative PCR test positivity concordance with DBS seroconversion was 37.5% and 60% for anti-S IgG and anti-NP IgG, respectively.
![]() ![]() ![]() Conclusion There was a substantive SARS-CoV-2 attack rate before vaccination; all vaccinees mounted an anti-S IgG response in blood. We note high agreement between DBS and saliva for IgG measurement. Serology-based surveillance identified substantially more SARS-CoV-2 infections than PCR screening.
![]() Disclosures Jitendrakumar Modi, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: I am a paid speaker for GSK. I do not speak for their flu brand. Timothy H. Burgess, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Simon Pollett, MBBS, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Mark P. Simons, PhD, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana R Andronescu
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., in support of the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam K Saperstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, Annapolis, Maryland
| | | | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jamie A Fraser
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Saira Shaikh
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eugene V Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian L Coles
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
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10
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Parsons E, Richard SA, Laing ED, Fries AC, Livezey J, Jones M, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Rozman JS, Ganesan A, Huprikar N, Lalani T, Smith AG, Mody R, Bazan S, Saunders D, Colombo RE, Colombo C, Ewers EC, Larson D, Maves RC, Berjohn CM, Maldonado C, Simons MP, Tribble D, Agan B, Burgess T, Pollett S, Malloy AM. 1102. The Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Differs by Age. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting host immune response has been primarily characterized in middle and older aged populations due to a higher incidence of symptoms in these age groups. Due to reduced severity of disease, children were poorly studied and assumed to be less frequently infected compared to older age groups. We measured the viral load and adaptive immune response across the age-spectrum to define the age-dependent viral and host responses.
Methods
From March 2020-March 2022, we enrolled individuals across the age spectrum who presented to U.S. military medical treatment facilities with COVID-19-like symptoms. In this longitudinal cohort study, demographic and clinical data were collected in addition to nasopharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood. Magnitude of viral RNA was measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR) from nasopharyngeal samples and SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies were measured from blood with multiplex microsphere immunoassays.
Results
4,768 SARS-CoV-2 positive participants were enrolled, among whom 42, 64, 89, 380, 948 and 245 individuals were in age brackets 0-4y, 5-11y, 12-17y, 18-44, 45-64y, and >65y, respectively. Viral load as measured by qPCR was determined to be similar across age groups within the first week post symptom onset. The magnitude of the IgG antibody response against the spike protein was also compared across age groups at early and convalescent time points and was higher in those over the age of 65 years.
Conclusion
Early viral load during acute infection did not correlate with age in individuals who experienced COVID-19. These findings diverge from other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza where children tend to have higher viral loads. In contrast, the magnitude of the antibody response against the spike protein correlated with older age at acute and convalescent time points. Together our data suggest that the host response against SAR-CoV-2 differs with age and is not associated with the acute viral load. Defining age-dependent immunity against SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to identify key immunologic responses that can be used to optimize treatment and vaccine strategies.
Disclosures
Julia S. Rozman, n/a, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Ryan C. Maves, MD, AiCuris: Grant/Research Support|Sound Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Trauma Insights, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Mark P. Simons, PhD, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response David Tribble, MD, DrPH, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Timothy Burgess, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response Simon Pollett, MBBS, Astra Zeneca: The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded to conduct or augment unrelated Phase III Mab and vaccine trials as part of US Govt. COVID19 response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University , Bethesda, MD, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jeffrey Livezey
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - David A Lindholm
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Alfred G Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center , Portsmouth, Virginia, USA, Portsmouth, Virginia
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center , El Paso, Texas
| | | | - David Saunders
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA, The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center Division of Infectious Diseases , Tacoma, Washington
| | | | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital , Fort Belvoir, Virginia
| | - Derek Larson
- Naval Medical Center San Diego , san diego, California
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Naval Medical Center San Diego Division of Infectious Diseases, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program , San Diego, CA
| | | | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Brian Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Simon Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD
| | - Allison M Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, Maryland
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11
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Wang W, Lusvarghi S, Subramanian R, Epsi NJ, Wang R, Goguet E, Fries AC, Echegaray F, Vassell R, Coggins SA, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ewers EC, Larson DT, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Joseph JO, Rozman JS, Smith A, Lalani T, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Jones MU, Mody R, Huprikar N, Livezey J, Saunders D, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Ganesan A, Simons MP, Broder CC, Tribble DR, Laing ED, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1745-1758.e7. [PMID: 36356586 PMCID: PMC9584854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, or both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural variants and 7 variants with engineered spike mutations and analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps of primary infection sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased neutralization of BA.1 more than BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited higher neutralization titers to all variants than three vaccinations alone, although with less neutralization to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralization titer magnitude and antigenic recognition. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants when interpreting neutralization titers can aid the understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity that informs the selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Fernando Echegaray
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | | | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Janet O Joseph
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Livezey
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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12
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Sedegah M, Porter C, Goguet E, Ganeshan H, Belmonte M, Huang J, Belmonte A, Inoue S, Acheampong N, Malloy AMW, Hollis-Perry M, Jackson-Thompson B, Ramsey KF, Alcorta Y, Maiolatesi SE, Wang G, Reyes AE, Illinik L, Sanchez-Edwards M, Burgess TH, Broder CC, Laing ED, Pollett SD, Villasante E, Mitre E, Hollingdale MR. Cellular interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 responses to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins are broader and higher in those vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to vaccinees without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276241. [PMID: 36251675 PMCID: PMC9576055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified across the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteome. Vaccine-induced and post-infection SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery and protection, but the precise role of T-cell responses remains unclear, and how post-infection vaccination ('hybrid immunity') further augments this immunity To accomplish these goals, we studied healthy adult healthcare workers who were (a) uninfected and unvaccinated (n = 12), (b) uninfected and vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine (2 doses n = 177, one dose n = 1) or Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (one dose, n = 1), and (c) previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated (BNT162b2, two doses, n = 6, one dose n = 1; mRNA-1273 two doses, n = 1). Infection status was determined by repeated PCR testing of participants. We used FluoroSpot Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) assays, using subpools of 15-mer peptides covering the S (10 subpools), N (4 subpools) and M (2 subpools) proteins. Responses were expressed as frequencies (percent positive responders) and magnitudes (spot forming cells/106 cytokine-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs]). Almost all vaccinated participants with no prior infection exhibited IFN-γ, IL-2 and IFN-γ+IL2 responses to S glycoprotein subpools (89%, 93% and 27%, respectively) mainly directed to the S2 subunit and were more robust than responses to the N or M subpools. However, in previously infected and vaccinated participants IFN-γ, IL-2 and IFN-γ+IL2 responses to S subpools (100%, 100%, 88%) were substantially higher than vaccinated participants with no prior infection and were broader and directed against nine of the 10 S glycoprotein subpools spanning the S1 and S2 subunits, and all the N and M subpools. 50% of uninfected and unvaccinated individuals had IFN-γ but not IL2 or IFN-γ+IL2 responses against one S and one M subpools that were not increased after vaccination of uninfected or SARS-CoV-2-infected participants. Summed IFN-γ, IL-2, and IFN-γ+IL2 responses to S correlated with IgG responses to the S glycoprotein. These studies demonstrated that vaccinations with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 results in T cell-specific responses primarily against epitopes in the S2 subunit of the S glycoprotein, and that individuals that are vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop broader and greater T cell responses to S1 and S2 subunits as well as the N and M proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Sedegah
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Chad Porter
- Translational Clinical Research Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Harini Ganeshan
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Maria Belmonte
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jun Huang
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Arnel Belmonte
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Inoue
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
| | - Neda Acheampong
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Belinda Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kathy F. Ramsey
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Santina E. Maiolatesi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Gregory Wang
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Anatolio E. Reyes
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States of America
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Margaret Sanchez-Edwards
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Eileen Villasante
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Hollingdale
- Agile Vaccines and Therapeutics, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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13
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Epsi NJ, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ganesan A, Huprikar N, Lalani T, Fries AC, Maves RC, Colombo RE, Larson DT, Smith A, Chi SW, Maldonado CJ, Ewers EC, Jones MU, Berjohn CM, Libraty DH, Edwards MS, English C, Rozman JS, Mody RM, Colombo CJ, Samuels EC, Nwachukwu P, Tso MS, Scher AI, Byrne C, Rusiecki J, Simons MP, Tribble D, Broder CC, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Laing ED, Pollett SD. Understanding "Hybrid Immunity": Comparison and Predictors of Humoral Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection (SARS-CoV-2) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e439-e449. [PMID: 35608504 PMCID: PMC9213853 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparison of humoral responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinees, those with SARS-CoV-2 infection, or combinations of vaccine/ infection ("hybrid immunity") may clarify predictors of vaccine immunogenicity. METHODS We studied 2660 US Military Health System beneficiaries with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection-alone (n = 705), vaccination-alone (n = 932), vaccine-after-infection (n = 869), and vaccine-breakthrough-infection (n = 154). Peak anti-spike-immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses through 183 days were compared, with adjustment for vaccine product, demography, and comorbidities. We excluded those with evidence of clinical or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 reinfection from all groups. RESULTS Multivariable regression results indicated that vaccine-after-infection anti-spike-IgG responses were higher than infection-alone (P < .01), regardless of prior infection severity. An increased time between infection and vaccination was associated with greater post-vaccination IgG response (P < .01). Vaccination-alone elicited a greater IgG response but more rapid waning of IgG (P < .01) compared with infection-alone (P < .01). BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine-receipt was associated with greater IgG responses compared with JNJ-78436735 vaccine-receipt (P < .01), regardless of infection history. Those with vaccine-after-infection or vaccine-breakthrough-infection had a more durable anti-spike-IgG response compared to infection-alone (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Vaccine-receipt elicited higher anti-spike-IgG responses than infection-alone, although IgG levels waned faster in those vaccinated (compared to infection-alone). Vaccine-after-infection elicits a greater humoral response compared with vaccine or infection alone; and the timing, but not disease severity, of prior infection predicted these post-vaccination IgG responses. While differences between groups were small in magnitude, these results offer insights into vaccine immunogenicity variations that may help inform vaccination timing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Derek T Larson
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Sharon W Chi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Libraty
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Margaret Sanchez Edwards
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline English
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rupal M Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Emily C Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Princess Nwachukwu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marana S Tso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann I Scher
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Celia Byrne
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Rusiecki
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Correspondence: Simon Pollett, MBBS, 6720A Rockledge Drive, Suite 250, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA ()
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14
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Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, Goguet E, Hollis-Perry M, Coggins SA, Simons MP, Katzelnick LC, Wang G, Tribble DR, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Broder CC, Erlandson KJ, Laing ED, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Weiss CD. SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 variant is neutralized by vaccine booster-elicited serum but evades most convalescent serum and therapeutic antibodies. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn8543. [PMID: 35380448 PMCID: PMC8995032 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the highly contagious Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) along with its high number of mutations in the spike gene has raised alarms about the effectiveness of current medical countermeasures. To address this concern, we measured the neutralization of the Omicron BA.1 variant pseudovirus by postvaccination serum samples after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BioNTech162b2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA (Pfizer/BNT162b2) vaccine, convalescent serum samples from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies. We found that titers against the Omicron variant were low or undetectable after two immunizations and in many convalescent serum samples, regardless of the infecting variant. A booster vaccination increased titers more than 30-fold against Omicron to values comparable to those seen against the D614G variant after two immunizations. Neither age nor sex was associated with the differences in postvaccination antibody responses. We also evaluated 18 clinical-stage therapeutic antibody products and an antibody mimetic protein product obtained directly from the manufacturers. Five monoclonal antibodies, the antibody mimetic protein, three antibody cocktails, and two polyclonal antibody preparations retained measurable neutralization activity against Omicron with a varying degree of potency. Of these, only three retained potencies comparable to the D614G variant. Two therapeutic antibody cocktails in the tested panel that are authorized for emergency use in the United States did not neutralize Omicron. These findings underscore the potential benefit of mRNA vaccine boosters for protection against Omicron and the need for rapid development of antibody therapeutics that maintain potency against emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - Anthony C. Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base; OH, USA, 45433
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
| | - David A. Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston; TX, USA, 78234
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Christopher J. Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord; WA, USA, 98431
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso; TX, USA, 799218
| | - Evan C. Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir; VA, USA, 22060
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth; VA, USA, 23708
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20889
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD, USA, 20910
| | - Si’Ana A. Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20817
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Mark P. Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20892
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center; Silver Spring, MD, USA, 20910
- General Dynamics Information Technology; Falls Church, VA, USA, 22042
| | - David R. Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistance Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Human Health and Services; Washington D.C., USA, 20201
| | - Ann E. Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health; Rockville, Maryland, USA, 20892
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Karl J. Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Washington, D.C., USA, 20024
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Bethesda, MD, USA, 20814
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring, Maryland, USA, 20993
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15
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Huaman C, Mastraccio KE, Coggins SA, Hussain I, Yan L, Ahmed AE, Ho T, Smith IL, Markotter W, Weir D, Laing ED, Broder CC, Schaefer BC. Control of established, CNS-resident lyssavirus infection by an adaptive immune response stimulated by single-dose monoclonal antibody therapy. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.64.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rabies virus and related lyssaviruses cause uniformly fatal disease, once the infection progresses to the central nervous system. Current lyssavirus immunotherapies are directed toward peripheral neutralization of virus to prevent CNS infection during the pre-symptomatic stage of disease. In this study, using an anti-lyssavirus human monoclonal antibody (mAb), F11, we evaluated the efficacy of immunotherapy on established lyssavirus infections in mice. Remarkably, using luminescence-based longitudinal tracing of virus infection in a mouse model of lethal disease, we found that a single dose of F11 reverses clinical signs of disease and protects animals from lethality following lyssavirus infection, even when administered after initiation of virus replication in the CNS. Investigation of the mechanisms of F11 efficacy revealed that F11-dependent neutralization is insufficient to protect animals from mortality. Control of infection requires an intact adaptive immune response, particularly CD4 T cells. Additionally, in vivo analysis of the F11-N297G mutant, which has defective FcRγ binding, showed a transiently increased viral load and increased morbidity when compared to F11 treated mice. Despite long-term survival and absence of clinical signs of disease in F11-treated animals, we found that lyssavirus infection persists chronically, concomitant with elevated expression of cellular immune response genes. These findings demonstrate that single-dose mAb therapy can stimulate an adaptive, T cell-dependent response that is durable and highly effective against an established CNS infection by a lethal neurotropic virus.
Supported by grants from the National Institute of Health (U01GM109887, R01AI125552), and a USU Program Project Grant (MIC-732515) and a USU Center for Global Health Engagement grant (HU00011920118)
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Huaman
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
| | | | | | - Imran Hussain
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
| | - Lianying Yan
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
| | - Anwar E. Ahmed
- 2Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University
| | - Trung Ho
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
| | | | | | | | - Eric D. Laing
- 1Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
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16
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Pollett SD, Richard SA, Fries AC, Simons MP, Mende K, Lalani T, Lee T, Chi S, Mody R, Madar C, Ganesan A, Larson DT, Colombo CJ, Colombo R, Samuels EC, Broder CC, Laing ED, Smith DR, Tribble D, Agan BK, Burgess TH. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA Vaccine-Breakthrough Infection Phenotype Includes Significant Symptoms, Live Virus Shedding, and Viral Genetic Diversity. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:897-900. [PMID: 34117878 PMCID: PMC8906702 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 "vaccine-breakthrough" infections (VBIs). Here we characterize 24 VBIs in predominantly young healthy persons. While none required hospitalization, a proportion endorsed severe symptoms and shed live virus as high as 4.13 × 103 plaque-forming units/mL. Infecting genotypes included both variant-of-concern (VOC) and non-VOC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Tida Lee
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Sharon Chi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek T Larson
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Rhonda Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
| | - Emily C Samuels
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Darci R Smith
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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17
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Goguet E, Powers JH, Olsen CH, Tribble DR, Davies J, Illinik L, Jackson-Thompson BM, Hollis-Perry M, Maiolatesi SE, Pollett S, Duplessis CA, Wang G, Ramsey KF, Reyes AE, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Moser M, Samuels EC, Coggins SA, Graydon E, Robinson S, Campbell W, Malloy AMW, Voegtly LJ, Arnold CE, Cer RZ, Malagon F, Bishop-Lilly KA, Burgess TH, Broder CC, Laing ED, Mitre E. Prospective Assessment of Symptoms to Evaluate Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Cohort of Health Care Workers. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac030. [PMID: 35198647 PMCID: PMC8860153 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is unclear and may be influenced by how symptoms are evaluated. In this study, we sought to determine the frequency of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in a prospective cohort of health care workers (HCWs). METHODS A prospective cohort of HCWs, confirmed negative for SARS-CoV-2 exposure upon enrollment, were evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 infection by monthly analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as well as referral for polymerase chain reaction testing whenever they exhibited symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Participants completed the standardized and validated FLU-PRO Plus symptom questionnaire scoring viral respiratory disease symptom intensity and frequency at least twice monthly during baseline periods of health and each day they had any symptoms that were different from their baseline. RESULTS Two hundred sixty-three participants were enrolled between August 25 and December 31, 2020. Through February 28, 2021, 12 participants were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptom analysis demonstrated that all 12 had at least mild symptoms of COVID-19, compared with baseline health, near or at time of infection. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated, immunocompetent adults is less common than previously reported. While infectious inoculum doses and patient factors may have played a role in the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this cohort, we suspect that the high rate of symptomatic disease was due primarily to participant attentiveness to symptoms and collection of symptoms in a standardized, prospective fashion. These results have implications for studies that estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence and for public health measures to control the spread of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julian Davies
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Belinda M Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Santina E Maiolatesi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher A Duplessis
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Kathleen F Ramsey
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Anatalio E Reyes
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Mimi A Wong
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Orlando Ortega
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa R Lindrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Moser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily C Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Si’Ana A Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Graydon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wesley Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison M W Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Logan J Voegtly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- Leidos, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine E Arnold
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | - Regina Z Cer
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
- Leidos, Reston, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Annand EJ, Horsburgh BA, Xu K, Reid PA, Poole B, de Kantzow MC, Brown N, Tweedie A, Michie M, Grewar JD, Jackson AE, Singanallur NB, Plain KM, Kim K, Tachedjian M, van der Heide B, Crameri S, Williams DT, Secombe C, Laing ED, Sterling S, Yan L, Jackson L, Jones C, Plowright RK, Peel AJ, Breed AC, Diallo I, Dhand NK, Britton PN, Broder CC, Smith I, Eden JS. Novel Hendra Virus Variant Detected by Sentinel Surveillance of Horses in Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:693-704. [PMID: 35202527 PMCID: PMC8888208 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.211245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified and isolated a novel Hendra virus (HeV) variant not detected by routine testing from a horse in Queensland, Australia, that died from acute illness with signs consistent with HeV infection. Using whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, we determined the variant had ≈83% nt identity with prototypic HeV. In silico and in vitro comparisons of the receptor-binding protein with prototypic HeV support that the human monoclonal antibody m102.4 used for postexposure prophylaxis and current equine vaccine will be effective against this variant. An updated quantitative PCR developed for routine surveillance resulted in subsequent case detection. Genetic sequence consistency with virus detected in grey-headed flying foxes suggests the variant circulates at least among this species. Studies are needed to determine infection kinetics, pathogenicity, reservoir-species associations, viral-host coevolution, and spillover dynamics for this virus. Surveillance and biosecurity practices should be updated to acknowledge HeV spillover risk across all regions frequented by flying foxes.
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19
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Laing ED, Weiss CD, Samuels EC, Coggins SA, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Sterling SL, Tso MS, Conner T, Goguet E, Moser M, Jackson-Thompson BM, Illinik L, Davies J, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Hollis-Perry M, Maiolatesi SE, Wang G, Ramsey KF, Reyes AE, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Lindrose AR, Duplessis CA, Tribble DR, Malloy AMW, Burgess TH, Pollett SD, Olsen CH, Broder CC, Mitre E. Durability of Antibody Response and Frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Infection 6 Months after COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:828-832. [PMID: 35203111 PMCID: PMC8962883 DOI: 10.3201/eid2804.212037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies decay but persist 6 months postvaccination; lower levels of neutralizing titers persist against Delta than wild-type virus. Of 227 vaccinated healthcare workers tested, only 2 experienced outpatient symptomatic breakthrough infections, despite 59/227 exhibiting serologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, defined as presence of nucleocapsid protein antibodies.
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20
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Coggins SA, Laing ED, Olsen CH, Goguet E, Moser M, Jackson-Thompson BM, Samuels EC, Pollett SD, Tribble DR, Davies J, Illinik L, Hollis-Perry M, Maiolatesi SE, Duplessis CA, Ramsey KF, Reyes AE, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Wang G, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Snow AL, Malloy AMW, Letizia AG, Ewing D, Powers JH, Schully KL, Burgess TH, Broder CC, Mitre E. Adverse Effects and Antibody Titers in Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofab575. [PMID: 35047649 PMCID: PMC8759445 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between postvaccination symptoms and strength of antibody responses is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine whether adverse effects caused by vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine are associated with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels. Methods We conducted a single-center, observational cohort study consisting of generally healthy adult participants that were not severely immunocompromised, had no history of coronavirus disease 2019, and were seronegative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein before vaccination. Severity of vaccine-associated symptoms was obtained through participant-completed questionnaires. Testing for immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor-binding domain was conducted using microsphere-based multiplex immunoassays performed on serum samples collected at monthly visits. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by microneutralization assays. Results Two hundred six participants were evaluated (69.4% female, median age 41.5 years old). We found no correlation between vaccine-associated symptom severity scores and vaccine-induced antibody titers 1 month after vaccination. We also observed that (1) postvaccination symptoms were inversely correlated with age and weight and more common in women, (2) systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second vaccination, (3) high symptom scores after first vaccination were predictive of high symptom scores after second vaccination, and (4) older age was associated with lower titers. Conclusions Lack of postvaccination symptoms after receipt of the BNT162b2 vaccine does not equate to lack of vaccine-induced antibodies 1 month after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si'Ana A Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Moser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Belinda M Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily C Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julian Davies
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Santina E Maiolatesi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kathleen F Ramsey
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Anatalio E Reyes
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Mimi A Wong
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.,General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Orlando Ortega
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa R Lindrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison M W Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew G Letizia
- Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Ewing
- Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin L Schully
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Mastraccio KE, Huaman C, Laing ED, Broder CC, Schaefer BC. Longitudinal Tracing of Lyssavirus Infection in Mice via In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2524:369-394. [PMID: 35821488 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2453-1_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a technique that can be employed to quantify biological processes in living cells. When used in small animal models such as mice, BLI can provide both longitudinal and positional information regarding the biological process under investigation. Although perhaps best known for its utility in non-invasively quantifying tumor burden over time in experimental animals, BLI has also been applied in many pathogenesis models to track pathogen burden and responses to therapeutic interventions. In this chapter, we present a BLI-based method for tracing anatomical progression of lyssavirus infection in a mouse model. We also include validation methods to ensure that semiquantitative BLI data correlate well with viral load. Due to the longitudinal nature of this approach, lyssavirus pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention studies can be performed with far fewer animals than more traditional approaches, which typically require euthanasia of large animal groups at every data collection time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Mastraccio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
- David Axelrod Institute, Wadsworth Center, NYS Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Celeste Huaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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22
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Lusvarghi S, Pollett SD, Neerukonda SN, Wang W, Wang R, Vassell R, Epsi NJ, Fries AC, Agan BK, Lindholm DA, Colombo CJ, Mody R, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Ganesan A, Goguet E, Hollis-Perry M, Coggins SA, Simons MP, Katzelnick LC, Wang G, Tribble DR, Bentley L, Eakin AE, Broder CC, Erlandson KJ, Laing ED, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Weiss CD. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron neutralization by therapeutic antibodies, convalescent sera, and post-mRNA vaccine booster. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.22.473880. [PMID: 34981057 PMCID: PMC8722594 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.22.473880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the highly contagious Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 along with its high number of mutations in the spike gene has raised alarm about the effectiveness of current medical countermeasures. To address this concern, we measured neutralizing antibodies against Omicron in three important settings: (1) post-vaccination sera after two and three immunizations with the Pfizer/BNT162b2 vaccine, (2) convalescent sera from unvaccinated individuals infected by different variants, and (3) clinical-stage therapeutic antibodies. Using a pseudovirus neutralization assay, we found that titers against Omicron were low or undetectable after two immunizations and in most convalescent sera. A booster vaccination significantly increased titers against Omicron to levels comparable to those seen against the ancestral (D614G) variant after two immunizations. Neither age nor sex were associated with differences in post-vaccination antibody responses. Only three of 24 therapeutic antibodies tested retained their full potency against Omicron and high-level resistance was seen against fifteen. These findings underscore the potential benefit of booster mRNA vaccines for protection against Omicron and the need for additional therapeutic antibodies that are more robust to highly mutated variants. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARY Third dose of Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine significantly boosts neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron variant compared to a second dose, while neutralization of Omicron by convalescent sera, two-dose vaccine-elicited sera, or therapeutic antibodies is variable and often low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson, OH, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA
| | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Bentley
- Office of the Assistance Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Human Health and Services, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Ann E Eakin
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karl J Erlandson
- Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases Division, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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23
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Richard SA, Pollett SD, Lanteri CA, Millar EV, Fries AC, Maves RC, Utz GC, Lalani T, Smith A, Mody RM, Ganesan A, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Lindholm DA, Madar C, Chi S, Huprikar N, Larson DT, Bazan SE, English C, Parmelee E, Mende K, Laing ED, Broder CC, Blair PW, Chenoweth JG, Simons MP, Tribble DR, Agan BK, Burgess TH. COVID-19 Outcomes Among US Military Health System Beneficiaries Include Complications Across Multiple Organ Systems and Substantial Functional Impairment. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab556. [PMID: 34909439 PMCID: PMC8664684 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated clinical outcomes, functional burden, and complications 1 month after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a prospective US Military Health System (MHS) cohort of active duty, retiree, and dependent populations using serial patient-reported outcome surveys and electronic medical record (EMR) review. Methods MHS beneficiaries presenting at 9 sites across the United States with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test, a COVID-19-like illness, or a high-risk SARS-CoV-2 exposure were eligible for enrollment. Medical history and clinical outcomes were collected through structured interviews and International Classification of Diseases-based EMR review. Risk factors associated with hospitalization were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1202 participants were enrolled. There were 1070 laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 132 SARS-CoV-2-negative participants. In the first month post-symptom onset among the SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, there were 212 hospitalizations, 80% requiring oxygen, 20 ICU admissions, and 10 deaths. Risk factors for COVID-19-associated hospitalization included race (increased for Asian, Black, and Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic White), age (age 45-64 and 65+ compared with <45), and obesity (BMI≥30 compared with BMI<30). Over 2% of survey respondents reported the need for supplemental oxygen, and 31% had not returned to normal daily activities at 1 month post-symptom onset. Conclusions Older age, reporting Asian, Black, or Hispanic race/ethnicity, and obesity are associated with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization. A proportion of acute SARS-CoV-2 infections require long-term oxygen therapy; the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on short-term functional status was substantial. A significant number of MHS beneficiaries had not yet returned to normal activities by 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eugene V Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson, Ohio, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gregory C Utz
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Rupal M Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sharon Chi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Derek T Larson
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Caroline English
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul W Blair
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Austere environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Josh G Chenoweth
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Austere environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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24
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Lu Z, Laing ED, Pena DaMata J, Pohida K, Tso MS, Samuels EC, Epsi NJ, Dorjbal B, Lake C, Richard SA, Maves RC, Lindholm DA, Rozman JS, English C, Huprikar N, Mende K, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Broder CC, Ganesan A, Lanteri CA, Agan BK, Tribble D, Simons MP, Dalgard CL, Blair PW, Chenoweth J, Pollett SD, Snow AL, Burgess TH, Malloy AMW. Durability of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses at 12 Months Postinfection. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2010-2019. [PMID: 34673956 PMCID: PMC8672777 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterizing the longevity and quality of cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhances understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunity that influences clinical outcomes. Prior studies suggest SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are present in peripheral blood 10 months after infection. Analysis of the function, durability, and diversity of cellular response long after natural infection, over a range of ages and disease phenotypes, is needed to identify preventative and therapeutic interventions. METHODS We identified participants in our multisite longitudinal, prospective cohort study 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection representing a range of disease severity. We investigated function, phenotypes, and frequency of T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 using intracellular cytokine staining and spectral flow cytometry, and compared magnitude of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells were detected 12 months postinfection. Severe acute illness was associated with higher frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells and antibodies at 12 months. In contrast, polyfunctional and cytotoxic T cells responsive to SARS-CoV-2 were identified in participants over a wide spectrum of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection induces polyfunctional memory T cells detectable at 12 months postinfection, with higher frequency noted in those who experienced severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jarina Pena DaMata
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine Pohida
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marana S Tso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily C Samuels
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Batsukh Dorjbal
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camille Lake
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline English
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | | | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte A Lanteri
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul W Blair
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Austere Environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Josh Chenoweth
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Austere Environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Allison M W Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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25
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Dovih P, Laing ED, Chen Y, Low DHW, Ansil BR, Yang X, Shi Z, Broder CC, Smith GJD, Linster M, Ramakrishnan U, Mendenhall IH. Correction: Filovirus-reactive antibodies in humans and bats in Northeast India imply zoonotic spillover. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009836. [PMID: 34784352 PMCID: PMC8594849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Epsi NJ, Richard SA, Laing ED, Fries AC, Millar E, Simons MP, English C, Colombo CJ, Colombo RE, Lindholm DA, Ganesan A, Maves RC, Huprikar N, Larson D, Mende K, Chi SW, Madar C, Lalani T, Broder CC, Tribble D, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Pollett SD. Clinical, immunological and virological SARS-CoV-2 phenotypes in obese and non-obese military health system beneficiaries. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:1462-1472. [PMID: 34331541 PMCID: PMC8385847 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity remain unclear. After verifying that obesity was a correlate of severe COVID-19 in US Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries, we compared immunological and virological phenotypes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in both obese and nonobese participants. Methods COVID-19–infected MHS beneficiaries were enrolled, and anthropometric, clinical, and demographic data were collected. We compared the SARS-CoV-2 peak IgG humoral response and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction viral load in obese and nonobese patients, stratified by hospitalization, utilizing logistic regression models. Results Data from 511 COVID-19 patients were analyzed, among whom 24% were obese and 14% severely obese. Obesity was independently associated with hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15–3.18) and need for oxygen therapy (aOR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.61–7.11). In outpatients, severely obese had a log10 (1.89) higher nucleocapsid (N1) genome equivalents (GE)/reaction and log10 (2.62) higher N2 GE/reaction than nonobese (P = 0.03 and P < .001, respectively). We noted a correlation between body mass index and peak anti-spike protein IgG in inpatients and outpatients (coefficient = 5.48, P < .001). Conclusions Obesity is a strong correlate of COVID-19 severity in MHS beneficiaries. These findings offer new pathophysiological insights into the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Eugene Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline English
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis McChord, WA, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Derek Larson
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon W Chi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA.,Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
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27
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Coggins SAA, Laing ED, Olsen CH, Goguet E, Moser M, Jackson-Thompson BM, Samuels EC, Pollett SD, Tribble DR, Davies J, Illinik L, Hollis-Perry M, Maiolatesi SE, Duplessis CA, Ramsey KF, Reyes AE, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Wang G, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Snow AL, Malloy AMW, Letizia AG, Powers JH, Burgess TH, Broder CC, Mitre E. Adverse effects and antibody titers in response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a prospective study of healthcare workers. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34230937 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.25.21259544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are playing a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between post-vaccination symptoms and strength of antibody responses is unclear. Objective To determine whether adverse effects caused by vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine are associated with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels. Design Single center, prospective, observational cohort study. Setting Participants worked at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and were seen monthly at the Naval Medical Research Center Clinical Trials Center. Participants Generally healthy adults that were not severely immunocompromised, had no history of COVID-19, and were seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prior to vaccination. Measures Severity of vaccine-associated symptoms was obtained through participant completed questionnaires. Testing for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor binding domain was conducted using microsphere-based multiplex immunoassays. Results 206 participants were evaluated (69.4% female, median age 41.5 years old). We found no correlation between vaccine-associated symptom severity scores and vaccine-induced antibody titers one month after vaccination. We also observed that 1) post-vaccination symptoms were inversely correlated with age and weight and more common in women, 2) systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second vaccination, 3) high symptom scores after first vaccination were predictive of high symptom scores after second vaccination, and 4) older age was associated with lower titers. Limitations Study only observes antibody responses and consists of healthy participants. Conclusions Lack of post-vaccination symptoms following receipt of the BNT162b2 vaccine does not equate to lack of vaccine-induced antibodies one month after vaccination. This study also suggests that it may be possible to design future mRNA vaccines that confer robust antibody responses with lower frequencies of vaccine-associated symptoms. Funding This study was executed by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) through a cooperative agreement by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF). This project has been funded by the Defense Health Program, U.S. DoD, under award HU00012120067. Project funding for JHP was in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The funding bodies have had no role in the study design or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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28
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Jackson-Thompson BM, Goguet E, Laing ED, Olsen CH, Pollett S, Hollis-Perry KM, Maiolatesi SE, Illinik L, Ramsey KF, Reyes AE, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Davies J, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Lindrose AR, Moser M, Graydon E, Letizia AG, Duplessis CA, Ganesan A, Pratt KP, Malloy AM, Scott DW, Anderson SK, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Powers JH, Tribble D, Burgess TH, Broder CC, Mitre E. Prospective Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion (PASS) study: an observational cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in healthcare workers. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:544. [PMID: 34107889 PMCID: PMC8188741 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is a recently emerged pandemic coronavirus (CoV) capable of causing severe respiratory illness. However, a significant number of infected people present as asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic. In this prospective assessment of at-risk healthcare workers (HCWs) we seek to determine whether pre-existing antibody or T cell responses to previous seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections affect immunological or clinical responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. METHODS A cohort of 300 healthcare workers, confirmed negative for SARS-CoV-2 exposure upon study entry, will be followed for up to 1 year with monthly serology analysis of IgM and IgG antibodies against the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and the four major seasonal human coronavirus - HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63. Participants will complete monthly questionnaires that ask about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure risks, and a standardized, validated symptom questionnaire (scoring viral respiratory disease symptoms, intensity and severity) at least twice monthly and any day when any symptoms manifest. SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing will be performed any time participants develop symptoms consistent with COVID-19. For those individuals that seroconvert and/or test positive by SARS-CoV-2 PCR, or receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, additional studies of T cell activation and cytokine production in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptide pools and analysis of Natural Killer cell numbers and function will be conducted on that participant's cryopreserved baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Following the first year of this study we will further analyze those participants having tested positive for COVID-19, and/or having received an authorized/licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, quarterly (year 2) and semi-annually (years 3 and 4) to investigate immune response longevity. DISCUSSION This study will determine the frequency of asymptomatic and pauci-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of at-risk healthcare workers. Baseline and longitudinal assays will determine the frequency and magnitude of anti-spike glycoprotein antibodies to the seasonal HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-NL63, and may inform whether pre-existing antibodies to these human coronaviruses are associated with altered COVID-19 disease course. Finally, this study will evaluate whether pre-existing immune responses to seasonal HCoVs affect the magnitude and duration of antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, adjusting for demographic covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda M Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cara H Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA
| | - Simon Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Santina E Maiolatesi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Luca Illinik
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen F Ramsey
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Anatalio E Reyes
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Mimi A Wong
- Clinical Trials Center, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Julian Davies
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Orlando Ortega
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Parmelee
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alyssa R Lindrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Moser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Graydon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew G Letizia
- Infectious Disease Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen P Pratt
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Allison M Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen K Anderson
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, and The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John H Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Ramos I, Goforth C, Soares-Schanoski A, Weir DL, Samuels EC, Phogat S, Meyer M, Huang K, Pietzsch CA, Ge Y, Pike BL, Regeimbal J, Simons MP, Termini MS, Vangeti S, Marjanovic N, Lizewski S, Lizewski R, George MC, Nair VD, Smith GR, Mao W, Chikina M, Broder CC, Laing ED, Bukreyev A, Sealfon SC, Letizia AG. Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Following an Outbreak Among Marine Recruits With Asymptomatic or Mild Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681586. [PMID: 34177926 PMCID: PMC8220197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated serological responses following a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in spring 2020 on a US Marine recruit training base. 147 participants that were isolated during an outbreak of respiratory illness were enrolled in this study, with visits approximately 6 and 10 weeks post-outbreak (PO). This cohort is comprised of young healthy adults, ages 18-26, with a high rate of asymptomatic infection or mild symptoms, and therefore differs from previously reported longitudinal studies on humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, which often focus on more diverse age populations and worse clinical presentation. 80.9% (119/147) of the participants presented with circulating IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) receptor-binding domain (RBD) at 6 weeks PO, of whom 97.3% (111/114) remained positive, with significantly decreased levels, at 10 weeks PO. Neutralizing activity was detected in all sera from SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive participants tested (n=38) at 6 and 10 weeks PO, without significant loss between time points. IgG and IgA antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 RBD, S1, S2, and the nucleocapsid (N) protein, as well neutralization activity, were generally comparable between those participants that had asymptomatic infection or mild disease. A multiplex assay including S proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and related zoonotic and human endemic betacoronaviruses revealed a positive correlation for polyclonal cross-reactivity to S after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, young adults that experienced asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection developed comparable humoral responses, with no decrease in neutralizing activity at least up to 10 weeks after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ramos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carl Goforth
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Dawn L. Weir
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Emily C. Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shreshta Phogat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Colette A. Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brian L. Pike
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - James Regeimbal
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Mark P. Simons
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael S. Termini
- Directorate for Public Health, Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command Beaufort, Beaufort, SC, United States
| | - Sindhu Vangeti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nada Marjanovic
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stephen Lizewski
- Department of Parasitology, Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Rhonda Lizewski
- Department of Bacteriology, Naval Medical Research Unit 6, Lima, Peru
| | - Mary-Catherine George
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Venugopalan D. Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gregory R. Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Clifton GT, Pati R, Krammer F, Laing ED, Broder CC, Mendu DR, Simons MP, Chen HW, Sugiharto VA, Kang AD, Stadlbauer D, Pratt KP, Bandera BC, Fritz DK, Millar EV, Burgess TH, Chung KK. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Among Active Duty Military Members Deployed to a Field Hospital - New York City, April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021; 70:308-311. [PMID: 33661864 PMCID: PMC7948931 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7009a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Schulz JE, Seifert SN, Thompson JT, Avanzato V, Sterling SL, Yan L, Letko MC, Matson MJ, Fischer RJ, Tremeau-Bravard A, Seetahal JFR, Ramkissoon V, Foster J, Goldstein T, Anthony SJ, Epstein JH, Laing ED, Broder CC, Carrington CVF, Schountz T, Munster VJ. Serological Evidence for Henipa-like and Filo-like Viruses in Trinidad Bats. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:S375-S382. [PMID: 32034942 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bat-borne zoonotic pathogens belonging to the family Paramxyoviridae, including Nipah and Hendra viruses, and the family Filoviridae, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, can cause severe disease and high mortality rates on spillover into human populations. Surveillance efforts for henipaviruses and filoviruses have been largely restricted to the Old World; however, recent studies suggest a potentially broader distribution for henipaviruses and filoviruses than previously recognized. In the current study, we screened for henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats collected across 4 locations in Trinidad near the coast of Venezuela. Bat tissue samples were screened using previously established reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Serum were screened using a multiplex immunoassay to detect antibodies reactive with the envelope glycoprotein of viruses in the genus Henipavirus and the family Filoviridae. Serum samples were also screened by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies reactive with Nipah G and F glycoproteins. Of 84 serum samples, 28 were reactive with ≥1 henipavirus glycoprotein by ≥1 serological method, and 6 serum samples were reactive against ≥1 filovirus glycoproteins. These data provide evidence of potential circulation of viruses related to the henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Schulz
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Stephanie N Seifert
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - John T Thompson
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Victoria Avanzato
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | - Lianying Yan
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C Letko
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - M Jeremiah Matson
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA.,Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert J Fischer
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Janine F R Seetahal
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vernie Ramkissoon
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jerome Foster
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Simon J Anthony
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Eric D Laing
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Christine V F Carrington
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Tony Schountz
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Virus Ecology Unit, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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32
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Laing ED, Sterling SL, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Coggins S, Samuels EC, Phogat S, Yan L, Moreno N, Coles CL, Drew M, Mehalko J, English CE, Merritt S, Mende K, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Chung KK, Millar EV, Tribble DR, Simons MP, Pollett SD, Agan BK, Esposito D, Lanteri C, Clifton GT, Mitre E, Burgess TH, Broder CC. Antigen-based multiplex strategies to discriminate SARS-CoV-2 natural and vaccine induced immunity from seasonal human coronavirus humoral responses. medRxiv 2021:2021.02.10.21251518. [PMID: 33594376 PMCID: PMC7885935 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.10.21251518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays remain critical for community and hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance. With the rollout of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, such assays must be able to distinguish vaccine from natural immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and related human coronaviruses. Here, we developed and implemented multiplex microsphere-based immunoassay strategies for COVD-19 antibody studies that incorporates spike protein trimers of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoV), enabling high throughout measurement of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies. We varied SARS-CoV-2 antigen compositions within the multiplex assay, allowing direct comparisons of the effects of spike protein, receptor-binding domain protein (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (NP) based SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection. Multiplex immunoassay performance characteristics are antigen-dependent, and sensitivities and specificities range 92-99% and 94-100%, respectively, for human subject samples collected as early as 7-10 days from symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 spike and RBD had a strong correlative relationship for the detection of IgG. Correlation between detectable IgG reactive with spike and NP also had strong relationship, however, several PCR-positive and spike IgG-positive serum samples were NP IgG-negative. This spike and NP multiplex immunoassay has the potential to be useful for differentiation between vaccination and natural infection induced antibody responses. We also assessed the induction of de novo SARS-CoV-2 IgG cross reactions with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV spike proteins. Furthermore, multiplex immunoassays that incorporate spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs will permit investigations into the influence of HCoV antibodies on COVID-19 clinical outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 antibody durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer L. Sterling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephanie A. Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Si’Ana Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Emily C. Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Shreshta Phogat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nicole Moreno
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian L. Coles
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Drew
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Mehalko
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E. English
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Merritt
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kevin K. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eugene V. Millar
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R. Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P. Simons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte Lanteri
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Lalani T, Lee TK, Laing ED, Ritter A, Cooper E, Lee M, Baker M, Baldino T, Mcadoo T, Phogat S, Samuels E, Nguyen H, Broder CC, Epsi N, Richard SA, Warkentien TE, Millar EV, Burgess T, Kronmann KC. SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Serologic Responses Among Military Personnel Deployed on the USNS COMFORT to New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofaa654. [PMID: 33553482 PMCID: PMC7856331 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a unique challenge to United States Navy hospital ships. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among US Navy personnel deployed on the USNS COMFORT to augment the inpatient health care capacity in New York City. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted on USNS COMFORT crewmembers returning to Norfolk, Virginia, following deployment. Participants completed an electronic questionnaire and provided a serum sample at Day 14 post-deployment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from testing of symptomatic crewmembers during deployment and Day 0 and Day 14 post-deployment screening swabs conducted on all crewmembers, per military order, were abstracted. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein immunoglobulin G antibody or PCR result. RESULTS Of the ship's total complement of 1200 crewmembers, 450 were enrolled: 432 (96.0%) completed the questionnaire and provided a serum sample. The median age of participants (interquartile range) was 30 (24-39) years, 50.8% were female, 58.6% were White, and 14.0% were Black; 80.1% had a clinical role during deployment. The cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 3.01% (13/432; 95% CI, 1.61%-5.09%). Twelve of 13 infections occurred in health care providers, and 8 of 13 were asymptomatic. The antibody profile of infected crewmembers varied by suspected timing of infection. CONCLUSIONS We observed a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among USNS COMFORT crewmembers despite the inherent risk of a shipboard deployment to an area with high rates of community transmission. Our findings suggest that early infection control measures mitigated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among crewmembers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Tida K Lee
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Ritter
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Melissa Lee
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Tyler Baldino
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Shreshta Phogat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat Epsi
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eugene V Millar
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karl C Kronmann
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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34
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Laing ED, Sterling SL, Richard SA, Phogat S, Samuels EC, Epsi NJ, Yan L, Moreno N, Coles C, Mehalko J, Drew M, English C, Chung KK, Clifton GT, Munster VJ, de Wit E, Tribble D, Agan BK, Esposito D, Lanteri C, Mitre E, Burgess TH, Broder CC. A betacoronavirus multiplex microsphere immunoassay detects early SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and controls for pre-existing seasonal human coronavirus antibody cross-reactivity. medRxiv 2020:2020.10.14.20207050. [PMID: 33083807 PMCID: PMC7574255 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.14.20207050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With growing concern of persistent or multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays remain critical for community and hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Here, we describe the development and application of a multiplex microsphere-based immunoassay (MMIA) for COVD-19 antibody studies, utilizing serum samples from non-human primate SARS-CoV-2 infection models, an archived human sera bank and subjects enrolled at five U.S. military hospitals. The MMIA incorporates prefusion stabilized spike glycoprotein trimers of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and the seasonal human coronaviruses HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, into a multiplexing system that enables simultaneous measurement of off-target pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies. We report the sensitivity and specificity performances for this assay strategy at 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for subject samples collected as early as 10 days after the onset of symptoms. In archival sera collected prior to 2019 and serum samples from subjects PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2, we detected seroprevalence of 72% and 98% for HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-0C43, respectively. Requiring only 1.25 μL of sera, this approach permitted the simultaneous identification of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, further demonstrating the presence of conserved epitopes in the spike glycoprotein of zoonotic betacoronaviruses. Application of this serology assay in observational studies with serum samples collected from subjects before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection will permit an investigation of the influences of HCoV-induced antibodies on COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer L. Sterling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Stephanie A. Richard
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Shreshta Phogat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Emily C. Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nicole Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christian Coles
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jennifer Mehalko
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Drew
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Caroline English
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kevin K. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K. Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, National Cancer Institute RAS Initiative, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Charlotte Lanteri
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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35
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Laing ED, Sterling SL, Richard SA, Phogat S, Samuels EC, Epsi NJ, Yan L, Moreno N, Coles C, Mehalko J, Drew M, English C, Chung KK, Clifton GT, Munster V, de Wit E, Tribble D, Agan B, Esposito D, Lanteri C, Mitre E, Burgess TH, Broder CC. A betacoronavirus multiplex microsphere immunoassay detects early SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and controls for pre-existing seasonal human coronavirus antibody cross-reactivity. medRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33083807 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.20108985v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
With growing concern of persistent or multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays remain critical for community and hospital-based SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Here, we describe the development and application of a multiplex microsphere-based immunoassay (MMIA) for COVD-19 antibody studies, utilizing serum samples from non-human primate SARS-CoV-2 infection models, an archived human sera bank and subjects enrolled at five U.S. military hospitals. The MMIA incorporates prefusion stabilized spike glycoprotein trimers of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and the seasonal human coronaviruses HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, into a multiplexing system that enables simultaneous measurement of off-target pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies. We report the sensitivity and specificity performances for this assay strategy at 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity for subject samples collected as early as 10 days after the onset of symptoms. In archival sera collected prior to 2019 and serum samples from subjects PCR negative for SARS-CoV-2, we detected seroprevalence of 72% and 98% for HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-0C43, respectively. Requiring only 1.25 uL of sera, this approach permitted the simultaneous identification of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, further demonstrating the presence of conserved epitopes in the spike glycoprotein of zoonotic betacoronaviruses. Application of this serology assay in observational studies with serum samples collected from subjects before and after SARS-CoV-2 infection will permit an investigation of the influences of HCoV-induced antibodies on COVID-19 clinical outcomes.
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Mastraccio KE, Huaman C, Warrilow D, Smith GA, Craig SB, Weir DL, Laing ED, Smith IL, Broder CC, Schaefer BC. Establishment of a longitudinal pre-clinical model of lyssavirus infection. J Virol Methods 2020; 281:113882. [PMID: 32407866 PMCID: PMC8056983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traditional mouse models of lyssavirus pathogenesis rely on euthanizing large groups of animals at various time points post-infection, processing infected tissues, and performing histological and molecular analyses to determine anatomical sites of infection. While powerful by some measures, this approach is limited by the inability to monitor disease progression in the same mice over time. In this study, we established a novel non-invasive mouse model of lyssavirus pathogenesis, which consists of longitudinal imaging of a luciferase-expressing Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) reporter virus. In vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in mice revealed viral spread from a peripheral site of inoculation into the central nervous system (CNS), with kinetically and spatially distinct foci of replication in the footpad, spinal cord, and hindbrain. Detection of virus within the CNS was associated with onset of clinical disease. Quantification of virus-derived luminescent signal in the brain was found to be a reliable measure of viral replication, when compared to traditional molecular methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vivo imaging of ABLV infection is not restricted to the use of albino strains of mice, but rather strong BLI signal output can be achieved by shaving the hair from the heads and spines of pigmented strains, such as C57BL/6. Overall, our data show that in vivo BLI can be used to rapidly and non-invasively identify sites of lyssavirus replication and to semi-quantitatively determine viral load without the need to sacrifice mice at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Mastraccio
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Celeste Huaman
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - David Warrilow
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, Australia.
| | - Greg A Smith
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, Australia.
| | - Scott B Craig
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, Australia.
| | - Dawn L Weir
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Eric D Laing
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Ina L Smith
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Archerfield, Australia; Risk Evaluation and Preparedness Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Black Mountain, ACT, Australia.
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Brian C Schaefer
- Uniformed Services University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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37
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Paskey AC, Ng JHJ, Rice GK, Chia WN, Philipson CW, Foo RJ, Cer RZ, Long KA, Lueder MR, Lim XF, Frey KG, Hamilton T, Anderson DE, Laing ED, Mendenhall IH, Smith GJ, Wang LF, Bishop-Lilly KA. Detection of Recombinant Rousettus Bat Coronavirus GCCDC1 in Lesser Dawn Bats ( Eonycteris spelaea) in Singapore. Viruses 2020; 12:E539. [PMID: 32422932 PMCID: PMC7291116 DOI: 10.3390/v12050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rousettus bat coronavirus GCCDC1 (RoBat-CoV GCCDC1) is a cross-family recombinant coronavirus that has previously only been reported in wild-caught bats in Yúnnan, China. We report the persistence of a related strain in a captive colony of lesser dawn bats captured in Singapore. Genomic evidence of the virus was detected using targeted enrichment sequencing, and further investigated using deeper, unbiased high throughput sequencing. RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 Singapore shared 96.52% similarity with RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 356 (NC_030886) at the nucleotide level, and had a high prevalence in the captive bat colony. It was detected at five out of six sampling time points across the course of 18 months. A partial segment 1 from an ancestral Pteropine orthoreovirus, p10, makes up the recombinant portion of the virus, which shares high similarity with previously reported RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 strains that were detected in Yúnnan, China. RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 is an intriguing, cross-family recombinant virus, with a geographical range that expands farther than was previously known. The discovery of RoBat-CoV GCCDC1 in Singapore indicates that this recombinant coronavirus exists in a broad geographical range, and can persist in bat colonies long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C. Paskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA; (A.C.P.); (E.D.L.)
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Justin H. J. Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Gregory K. Rice
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Casandra W. Philipson
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060 USA
| | - Randy J.H. Foo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Kyle A. Long
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Matthew R. Lueder
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Xiao Fang Lim
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Kenneth G. Frey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Theron Hamilton
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
| | - Danielle E. Anderson
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA; (A.C.P.); (E.D.L.)
| | - Ian H. Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Gavin J. Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (J.H.J.N.); (W.N.C.); (R.J.H.F.); (X.F.L.); (D.E.A.); (I.H.M.); (G.J.S.); (L.-F.W.)
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA; (A.C.P.); (E.D.L.)
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center–Frederick, Fort Detrick, MD 21702 USA; (G.K.R.); (C.W.P.); (R.Z.C.); (K.A.L.); (M.R.L.); (K.G.F.); (T.H.)
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Seifert SN, Letko MC, Bushmaker T, Laing ED, Saturday G, Meade-White K, van Doremalen N, Broder CC, Munster VJ. Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Do Not Support Productive Nipah Virus Replication. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S407-S413. [PMID: 31682727 PMCID: PMC7199784 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe respiratory distress and encephalitis upon spillover into humans. NiV is capable of infecting a broad range of hosts including humans, pigs, ferrets, dogs, cats, hamsters, and at least 2 genera of bats. Little is known about the biology of NiV in the bat reservoir. In this study, we evaluate the potential for the Egyptian fruit bat (EFB), Rousettus aegyptiacus, to serve as a model organism for studying NiV in bats. Our data suggest that NiV does not efficiently replicate in EFBs in vivo. Furthermore, we show no seroconversion against NiV glycoprotein and a lack of viral replication in primary and immortalized EFB-derived cell lines. Our data show that despite using a conserved target for viral entry, NiV replication is limited in some bat species. We conclude that EFBs are not an appropriate organism to model NiV infection or transmission in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Seifert
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Michael C Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Trenton Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Joyce MG, Sankhala RS, Chen WH, Choe M, Bai H, Hajduczki A, Yan L, Sterling SL, Peterson CE, Green EC, Smith C, de Val N, Amare M, Scott P, Laing ED, Broder CC, Rolland M, Michael NL, Modjarrad K. A Cryptic Site of Vulnerability on the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. bioRxiv 2020:2020.03.15.992883. [PMID: 32511298 PMCID: PMC7217142 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.15.992883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus that has caused a pandemic of severe respiratory disease-COVID-19-within several months of its initial identification. Comparable to the first SARS-CoV, this novel coronavirus's surface Spike (S) glycoprotein mediates cell entry via the human ACE-2 receptor, and, thus, is the principal target for the development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Molecular information on the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein remains limited. Here we report the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 S receptor-binding-domain (RBD) at a the highest resolution to date, of 1.95 Å. We identified a set of SARS-reactive monoclonal antibodies with cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 RBD and other betacoronavirus S glycoproteins. One of these antibodies, CR3022, was previously shown to synergize with antibodies that target the ACE-2 binding site on the SARS-CoV RBD and reduce viral escape capacity. We determined the structure of CR3022, in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, and defined a broadly reactive epitope that is highly conserved across betacoronaviruses. This epitope is inaccessible in the "closed" prefusion S structure, but is accessible in "open" conformations. This first-ever resolution of a human antibody in complex with SARS-CoV-2 and the broad reactivity of this set of antibodies to a conserved betacoronavirus epitope will allow antigenic assessment of vaccine candidates, and provide a framework for accelerated vaccine, immunotherapeutic and diagnostic strategies against SARS-CoV-2 and related betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwer S. Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hongjun Bai
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer L. Sterling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E. Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ethan C. Green
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Clayton Smith
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mihret Amare
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul Scott
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Dovih P, Laing ED, Chen Y, Low DHW, Ansil BR, Yang X, Shi Z, Broder CC, Smith GJD, Linster M, Ramakrishnan U, Mendenhall IH. Filovirus-reactive antibodies in humans and bats in Northeast India imply zoonotic spillover. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007733. [PMID: 31671094 PMCID: PMC6822707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats are reservoirs for several zoonotic pathogens, including filoviruses. Recent work highlights the diversity of bat borne filoviruses in Asia. High risk activities at the bat-human interface pose the threat of zoonotic virus transmission. We present evidence for prior exposure of bat harvesters and two resident fruit bat species to filovirus surface glycoproteins by screening sera in a multiplexed serological assay. Antibodies reactive to two antigenically distinct filoviruses were detected in human sera and to three individual filoviruses in bats in remote Northeast India. Sera obtained from Eonycteris spelaea bats showed similar patterns of cross-reactivity as human samples, suggesting them as the species responsible for the spillover. In contrast, sera from Rousettus leschenaultii bats reacted to two different virus glycoproteins. Our results indicate circulation of several filoviruses in bats and the possibility for filovirus transmission from bats to humans. Focused virus surveillance at human-wildlife interfaces enables proactive detection of potentially epidemic pathogens. Filoviruses, including ebolaviruses and marburgviruses, are pathogens with epidemic potential. They were previously detected in bats and have caused disease outbreaks in humans with a high case fatality rate. Here, we tested sera obtained from bats and humans at a high-risk interface for the presence of filovirus reactive antibodies. Human participants were engaged in annual bat hunts, possibly exposing them to bat-borne viruses. We report the exposure of humans to filoviruses that were likely derived from the two sampled bat species. The bats contain antibodies raised to presumably three distinct filoviruses. Our findings suggest bats in South Asia act as a reservoir host of a diverse range of filoviruses and filovirus spillover occurs through human exposure to these bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilot Dovih
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- Sastra University, School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yihui Chen
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Dolyce H. W. Low
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore
| | - B. R. Ansil
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Xinglou Yang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengli Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gavin J. D. Smith
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Martin Linster
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Ian H. Mendenhall
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Laing ED, Mendenhall IH, Linster M, Low DHW, Chen Y, Yan L, Sterling SL, Borthwick S, Neves ES, Lim JSL, Skiles M, Lee BPYH, Wang LF, Broder CC, Smith GJD. Serologic Evidence of Fruit Bat Exposure to Filoviruses, Singapore, 2011-2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:114-117. [PMID: 29260678 PMCID: PMC5749470 DOI: 10.3201/eid2401.170401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether fruit bats in Singapore have been exposed to filoviruses, we screened 409 serum samples from bats of 3 species by using a multiplex assay that detects antibodies against filoviruses. Positive samples reacted with glycoproteins from Bundibugyo, Ebola, and Sudan viruses, indicating filovirus circulation among bats in Southeast Asia.
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Laing ED, Amaya M, Navaratnarajah CK, Feng YR, Cattaneo R, Wang LF, Broder CC. Rescue and characterization of recombinant cedar virus, a non-pathogenic Henipavirus species. Virol J 2018; 15:56. [PMID: 29587789 PMCID: PMC5869790 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-018-0964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hendra virus and Nipah virus are zoonotic viruses that have caused severe to fatal disease in livestock and human populations. The isolation of Cedar virus, a non-pathogenic virus species in the genus Henipavirus, closely-related to the highly pathogenic Hendra virus and Nipah virus offers an opportunity to investigate differences in pathogenesis and receptor tropism among these viruses. METHODS We constructed full-length cDNA clones of Cedar virus from synthetic oligonucleotides and rescued two replication-competent, recombinant Cedar virus variants: a recombinant wild-type Cedar virus and a recombinant Cedar virus that expresses a green fluorescent protein from an open reading frame inserted between the phosphoprotein and matrix genes. Replication kinetics of both viruses and stimulation of the interferon pathway were characterized in vitro. Cellular tropism for ephrin-B type ligands was qualitatively investigated by microscopy and quantitatively by a split-luciferase fusion assay. RESULTS Successful rescue of recombinant Cedar virus expressing a green fluorescent protein did not significantly affect virus replication compared to the recombinant wild-type Cedar virus. We demonstrated that recombinant Cedar virus stimulated the interferon pathway and utilized the established Hendra virus and Nipah virus receptor, ephrin-B2, but not ephrin-B3 to mediate virus entry. We further characterized virus-mediated membrane fusion kinetics of Cedar virus with the known henipavirus receptors ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3. CONCLUSIONS The recombinant Cedar virus platform may be utilized to characterize the determinants of pathogenesis across the henipaviruses, investigate their receptor tropisms, and identify novel pan-henipavirus antivirals. Moreover, these experiments can be conducted safely under BSL-2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Moushimi Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | | | - Yan-Ru Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Larsen SE, Voss K, Laing ED, Snow AL. Differential cytokine withdrawal-induced death sensitivity of effector T cells derived from distinct human CD8 + memory subsets. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17031. [PMID: 28580175 PMCID: PMC5447130 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ central memory (CM) and effector memory (EM) T-cell subsets exhibit well-established differences in proliferative and protective capacity after infectious challenge. However, their relative sensitivity to apoptosis has been largely overlooked, despite the importance of programmed cell death in regulating effector T-cell homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that primary human effector T cells derived from the CD8+ EM subset exhibit significantly higher sensitivity to cytokine withdrawal-induced cell death (CWID), a critical intrinsic apoptosis program responsible for culling cells once an infection is cleared and interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels diminish. Interestingly, we found no differences in the expression of IL-2 or IL-2 receptor components in cells originating from either subset. Relative to CM-derived effectors, however, EM-derived T cells displayed more mitochondrial instability and greater caspase activity. Indeed, we found that heightened CWID sensitivity in EM-derived effectors coincided with higher expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BIM, both at steady state and with de novo induction following withdrawal of exogenous IL-2. These data point to ‘imprinted’ differences in BIM protein regulation, preserved by CD8+ CM and EM progeny, which govern their relative sensitivity to CWID. In addition, we detected a burst of autophagy after IL-2 withdrawal, which was better maintained in CM-derived T cells. Both subsets showed increased, equivalent CWID sensitivity upon treatment with autophagy inhibitors, suggesting sustained autophagy could preferentially protect CM-derived T cells from apoptosis. These findings offer new insight into how CM CD8+ T cells display superior effector cell expansion and more persistent memory responses in vivo relative to EM-derived T cells, based in part on decreased CWID sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha E Larsen
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelsey Voss
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Weir DL, Laing ED, Smith IL, Wang LF, Broder CC. Host cell virus entry mediated by Australian bat lyssavirus G envelope glycoprotein occurs through a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway that requires actin and Rab5. Virol J 2014; 11:40. [PMID: 24576301 PMCID: PMC3946599 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), a rhabdovirus of the genus Lyssavirus which circulates in both pteropid fruit bats and insectivorous bats in mainland Australia, has caused three fatal human infections, the most recent in February 2013, manifested as acute neurological disease indistinguishable from clinical rabies. Rhabdoviruses infect host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequent pH-dependent fusion mediated by their single envelope glycoprotein (G), but the specific host factors and pathways involved in ABLV entry have not been determined. Methods ABLV internalization into HEK293T cells was examined using maxGFP-encoding recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSV) that express ABLV G glycoproteins. A combination of chemical and molecular approaches was used to investigate the contribution of different endocytic pathways to ABLV entry. Dominant negative Rab GTPases were used to identify the endosomal compartment utilized by ABLV to gain entry into the host cell cytosol. Results Here we show that ABLV G-mediated entry into HEK293T cells was significantly inhibited by the dynamin-specific inhibitor dynasore, chlorpromazine, a drug that blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and the actin depolymerizing drug latrunculin B. Over expression of dominant negative mutants of Eps15 and Rab5 also significantly reduced ABLV G-mediated entry into HEK293T cells. Chemical inhibitors of caveolae-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis and dominant negative mutants of Rab7 and Rab11 had no effect on ABLV entry. Conclusions The predominant pathway utilized by ABLV for internalization into HEK293T cells is clathrin-and actin-dependent. The requirement of Rab5 for productive infection indicates that ABLV G-mediated fusion occurs within the early endosome compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Susarla BTS, Laing ED, Yu P, Katagiri Y, Geller HM, Symes AJ. Smad proteins differentially regulate transforming growth factor-β-mediated induction of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. J Neurochem 2011; 119:868-78. [PMID: 21895657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injury to the CNS results in increased expression and deposition of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that are inhibitory to axonal regeneration. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been implicated as a major mediator of these changes, but the mechanisms through which TGF-β regulates CSPG expression are not known. Using lentiviral expressed Smad-specific ShRNA we show that TGF-β induction of CSPG expression in astrocytes is Smad-dependent. However, we find a differential dependence of the synthetic machinery on Smad2 and/or Smad3. TGF-β induction of neurocan and xylosyl transferase 1 required both Smad2 and Smad3, whereas induction of phosphacan and chondroitin synthase 1 required Smad2 but not Smad3. Smad3 knockdown selectively reduced induction of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase 1 and the amount of 4-sulfated CSPGs secreted by astrocytes. Additionally, Smad3 knockdown in astrocytes was more efficacious in promoting neurite outgrowth of neurons cultured on the TGF-β-treated astrocytes. Our data implicate TGF-β Smad3-mediated induction of 4-sulfation as a critical determinant of the permissiveness of astrocyte secreted CSPGs for axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala T S Susarla
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA
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