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Zhao JQ, Zhou QQ, Sun Y, Yu T, Jiang Y, Li HJ. The anti-non-small cell lung cancer effect of Diosbulbin B: Targeting YY1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155734. [PMID: 38761775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxic components frequently exhibit unique characteristics and activities, offering ample opportunities for the advancement of anti-cancer medications. As the main hepatotoxic component of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB), Diosbulbin B (DIOB) has been widely studied for its anti-tumor activity at nontoxic doses. However, the effectiveness and mechanism of DIOB against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-NSCLC activity of DIOB and to elucidate the specific mechanism of action. METHOD The effect of DIOB on NSCLCL in vitro was evaluated through CCK8, colony formation, and flow cytometry. The in vivo efficacy and safety of DIOB in treating NSCLC were assessed using various techniques, including HE staining, tunel staining, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical index detection. To understand the underlying mechanism, cell transfection, western blotting, molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CESTA), and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) were employed for investigation. RESULTS DIOB effectively hindered the progression of NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo settings at a no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) and a safe dosage. Specifically, DIOB induced significant G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in A549, PC-9, and H1299 cells, while also notably inhibiting the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Mechanistically, DIOB could directly interact with oncogene Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and inhibit its expression. The reduction in YY1 resulted in the triggering of the tumor suppressor P53, which induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NSCLC cells by inhibiting the expression of Cyclin A2, B2, CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, BCL-2, and inducing the expression of BAX. In NSCLC cells, the induction of G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis by DIOB was effectively reversed when YY1 was overexpressed or P53 was knocked down. Importantly, we observed that DIOB exerted the same effect by directly influencing the expression of YY1-regulated c-Myc and BIM, particularly in the absence of P53. CONCLUSION For the inaugural investigation, this research unveiled the anti-NSCLC impact of DIOB, alongside its fundamental mechanism. DIOB has demonstrated potential as a treatment agent for NSCLC due to its impressive efficacy in countering NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Quan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Zhou S, Cheng R, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. CHIR-98014, a GSK 3β Inhibitor, Protects Against Triptolide/Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis Inhibition. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:407-418. [PMID: 38284557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is a remarkable anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive component separated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. However, its hepatotoxicity limits its application in the clinical. Our group has proposed a new perspective on TP-induced hepatotoxicity, in which TP enhances liver hypersensitivity upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Because the cause of the disease is unknown, there is currently no uniform treatment available. In this study, we attempted to determine whether the GSK-3β-JNK pathway affects liver damage and its regulatory mechanism in response to TP/LPS costimulation. In addition, we investigated the effect of CsA or the GSK 3β inhibitor CHIR-98014 on TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that the TP/LPS cotreatment mice exhibited obvious hepatotoxicity, as indicated by a remarkable increase in the serum ALT and AST levels, glycogen depletion, GSK 3β-JNK upregulation, and increased apoptosis. Instead of the specific knockdown of JNK1, the specific knockdown of JNK2 had a protective effect. Additionally, 40 mg/kg of CsA and 30 mg/kg of CHIR-98014 might provide protection. In summary, CHIR-98014 could protect against TP/LPS- or TP/TNF-α-induced activation of the GSK 3β-JNK pathway and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, improving the indirect hepatotoxicity induced by TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyun Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruohan Cheng
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yihan Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Lin M, Li Y, Cao B, Xu J, Zhang Y, Li G, Xiao X, Li C. Bavachin combined with epimedin B induce idiosyncratic liver injury under immunological stress conditions. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110774. [PMID: 37866487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Reports on Chinese patent medicines preparations containing Epimedii Folium (EF) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) resulting in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) have received widespread attention. Previous studies have shown that bavachin and epimedin B-two active ingredients derived from both EF and PF-are potential components associated with IDILI, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated bavachin and epimedin B-induced IDILI under TNF-α-mediated immunological stress conditions and generated liver lipid metabolism profiles using lipidomics and multivariate statistical analysis. We next applied transcriptomics to identify the differential gene expression on the transcription level. Our results showed that co-exposure to bavachin, epimedin B under immunological stress conditions resulted in obvious liver injury. The differential metabolites screened in our study were closely related to the immune homeostasis of the liver. Sixteen differentially expressed genes were found, Zc3h6 and R3hdml were upregulated, while Sumo2, Cd74, Banp, Oas3, Oas2, Gbp8, Slfn8, Gbp2b, Serpina3g, Zbtb40, H2-Ab1, Osgin1, Tgtp1 and Hspa1b were all downregulated. These differentially expressed genes were associated with biological processes concerning metabolic process and immune system process. Further integrative analysis indicated that bavachin combined with epimedin B affected genes that were not only related to immune system processes, but also to lipid metabolism. Ultimately, this led to an imbalance in the immune microenvironment in the liver and may have contributed to the observed liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Lin
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yingying Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Bo Cao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Guohui Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Fan X, Zhu Y, Peng S, Miao Y, Lu Q, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. TP induces hepatic intolerance to FasL-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting XIAP. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:25-32. [PMID: 37944651 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. (TWHF). Its severe toxic side effects, especially hepatotoxicity, have limited the clinical application of TP-related drugs. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the hepatotoxic effects of TP from the perspective that TP inhibited the expression of the pro-survival protein X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and enhanced FasL-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes. TP and CD95/Fas antibody (Jo-2) were administered by gavage to C57BL/6 mice for 7 consecutive days. After co-administration of TP and Jo-2, mouse livers showed large areas of necrosis and apoptosis and significantly increased Caspase-3 activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that TP may cause the development of liver injury through the apoptotic signaling pathway. Proteinprotein interaction networks showed that XIAP played an essential role in this process. TP reduced the protein expression of XIAP after combination treatment with Jo-2/FasL in vivo/in vitro. TP and FasL co-stimulation significantly increased microRNA-137 (miR-137) levels in AML12 cells, while inhibition of miR-137 expression induced a rebound in XIAP protein expression. In conclusion, TP presensitizes hepatocytes and enhances the sensitivity of hepatocytes to the Fas/FasL pathway by inhibiting the protein expression of XIAP, leading to hepatocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Fan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yangping Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Lu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Zhang HR, Li YP, Shi ZJ, Liang QQ, Chen SY, You YP, Yuan T, Xu R, Xu LH, Ouyang DY, Zha QB, He XH. Triptolide induces PANoptosis in macrophages and causes organ injury in mice. Apoptosis 2023; 28:1646-1665. [PMID: 37702860 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages represent the first lines of innate defense against pathogenic infections and are poised to undergo multiple forms of regulated cell death (RCD) upon infections or toxic stimuli, leading to multiple organ injury. Triptolide, an active compound isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F., possesses various pharmacological activities including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects, but its applications have been hampered by toxic adverse effects. It remains unknown whether and how triptolide induces different forms of RCD in macrophages. In this study, we showed that triptolide exhibited significant cytotoxicity on cultured macrophages in vitro, which was associated with multiple forms of lytic cell death that could not be fully suppressed by any one specific inhibitor for a single form of RCD. Consistently, triptolide induced the simultaneous activation of pyroptotic, apoptotic and necroptotic hallmarks, which was accompanied by the co-localization of ASC specks respectively with RIPK3 or caspase-8 as well as their interaction with each other, indicating the formation of PANoptosome and thus the induction of PANoptosis. Triptolide-induced PANoptosis was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production. PANoptosis was also induced by triptolide in mouse peritoneal macrophages in vivo. Furthermore, triptolide caused kidney and liver injury, which was associated with systemic inflammatory responses and the activation of hallmarks for PANoptosis in vivo. Collectively, our data reveal that triptolide induces PANoptosis in macrophages in vitro and exhibits nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity associated with induction of PANoptosis in vivo, suggesting a new avenue to alleviate triptolide's toxicity by harnessing PANoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rui Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zi-Jian Shi
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi-Qi Liang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi-Ping You
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li-Hui Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dong-Yun Ouyang
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Bing Zha
- Department of Fetal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
| | - Xian-Hui He
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, 517000, China.
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Cui D, Xu D, Yue S, Yan C, Liu W, Fu R, Ma W, Tang Y. Recent advances in the pharmacological applications and liver toxicity of triptolide. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110651. [PMID: 37516378 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide is a predominant active component of Triptergium wilfordii Hook. F, which has been used for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, triptolide and its derivates are considered to have promising prospects for development into drugs. However, the clinical application of triptolide is limited due to various organ toxicities, especially liver toxicity. The potential mechanism of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity has attracted increasing attention. Over the past five years, studies have revealed that triptolide-induced liver toxicity is involved in metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, inflammations, autophagy, apoptosis, and the regulation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, gut microbiota and immune cells. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological applications and hepatotoxicity mechanism of triptolide, which will provide solid theoretical evidence for further research of triptolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingqiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoqun Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruijia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenfu Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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Qin T, Chen X, Meng J, Guo Q, Xu S, Hou S, Yuan Z, Zhang W. The role of curcumin in the liver-gut system diseases: from mechanisms to clinical therapeutic perspective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37096460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2204349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products have provided abundant sources of lead compounds for new drug discovery and development over the past centuries. Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenol isolated from turmeric, a plant used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries. Despite the low oral bioavailability, curcumin exhibits profound medicinal value in various diseases, especially liver and gut diseases, bringing an interest in the paradox of its low bioavailability but high bioactivity. Several latest studies suggest that curcumin's health benefits may rely on its positive gastrointestinal effects rather than its poor bioavailability solely. Microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the intestine and liver, suggesting the possibility that the liver-gut axis bidirectional crosstalk controls gastrointestinal health and diseases. Accordingly, these pieces of evidence have evoked great interest in the curcumin-mediated crosstalk among liver-gut system diseases. The present study discussed the beneficial effects of curcumin against common liver and gut diseases and explored the underlying molecular targets, as well as collected evidence from human clinical studies. Moreover, this study summarized the roles of curcumin in complex metabolic interactions in liver and intestine diseases supporting the application of curcumin in the liver-gut system as a potential therapeutic option, which opens an avenue for clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Xu J, Zhang L, Xu Y, Yu J, Zhao L, Deng H, Li M, Zhang M, Lei X, Hu C, Jiao W, Dai Z, Liu L, Chen G. Effectiveness of Yishen Tongbi decoction versus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 112:154704. [PMID: 36796186 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yishen Tongbi decoction (YSTB) which is an herbal formula, has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for more than ten years with a better curative effect. Methotrexate (MTX) is an effective anchoring agent used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. There were, however, no head-to-head comparative randomized controlled trials comparing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to MTX, Therefore, we performed this double-blind, double-model, randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of YSTB and MTX in the treatment of active RA for 24 weeks. METHODS Patients who met the enrollment criteria were randomly selected (1:1) to receive either YSTB therapy (YSTB 150 ml once daily + MTX placebo 7.5-15 mg once weekly) or MTX therapy (MTX 7.5-15 mg once weekly + YSTB placebo 150 ml once daily) in treatment cycles lasting 24 weeks. The percentage of patients who achieve a clinical disease activity index (CDAI) response at week 24 is the primary efficacy outcome. A 10% risk differential non-inferiority margin was previously defined. The Chinese Clinical Trials Registry has recorded this trial (ChiCTR-1,900,024,902, registered on August 3rd 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx). RESULTS Out of 118 patients whose eligibility was determined from September 2019 to May 2022, 100 patients (n = 50 for each group) were enrolled in the research overall. The 24-week trial was completed by 82% (40/49) of the YSTB group's patients and 86% (42/49) of the MTX group's patients. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 67.4% (33/49) of patients in the YSTB group met the main outcome of CDAI response criteria at week 24, compared to 57.1% (28/49) in the MTX group. The risk difference was 0.102 (95% CI -0.089 to 0.293), which demonstrated the non-inferiority of YSTB to MTX. After further testing for superiority, the ratio of CDAI responses achieved by the YSTB and MTX groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.298). At the same time, in week 24, secondary outcomes such as the ACR 20/50/70 response, the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology good or moderate response, remission rate, simplified disease activity index response, and low disease activity rate all showed similar statistically significant patterns. There was statistically significant attainment of ACR20 (p = 0.008) and EULAR good or moderate response (p = 0.009) in two groups at week 4. The intention-to-treat analysis results and the per-protocol analysis results were in agreement. The incidence of drug-related adverse events was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.487). CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have used TCM as an adjunct to conventional therapy, and few of them have directly compared it with MTX. In order to lessen disease activity in RA patients, this trial demonstrated that YSTB compound monotherapy was non-inferior to MTX monotherapy and had superior efficacy following short-term treatment. This study provided evidence-based medicine in the treatment of RA with compound prescriptions of TCM and contributed to promoting phytomedicine use in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China; Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianyu Zhao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Deng
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Li
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingying Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Xujie Lei
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Congqi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Dai
- First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China; Baiyun Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Liang P, Zhou S, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Obeticholic acid improved triptolide/lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting caspase-11-GSDMD pyroptosis pathway. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:599-614. [PMID: 36328986 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the potential role of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in abnormal bile acid metabolism and pyroptosis during the pathogenesis of triptolide (TP)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity. Moreover, the protective effect of obeticholic acid (OCA) was explored under this condition. In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were administrated with OCA (40 mg/kg bw, intragastrical injection) before (500 μg/kg bw, intragastrical injection)/LPS (0.1 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneal injection) administration. In vitro, AML12 cells were treated with TP (50 nM) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml) to induce hepatotoxicity; GW4064 (5 μM) and cholestyramine (CHO) (0.1 mg/ml and 0.05 mg/ml) were introduced to explain the role of FXR/total bile acid (TBA) in it. Serum TBA level was significantly elevated, which was induced by FXR suppression. And both GW4064 and CHO intervention presented remarkable protective effects against TP/TNF-α-induced NLRP3 upregulation and pyroptosis pathway activation. Pre-administration of FXR agonist OCA successfully attenuated TP/LPS-induced severe liver injury by reducing serum bile acids accumulation and inhibiting the activation of caspase-11-GSDMD (gasdermin D) pyroptosis pathway. We have drawn conclusions that TP aggravated liver hypersensitivity to LPS and inhibited FXR-SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis, which was served as endogenous signals to activate caspase-11-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis contributing to liver injury. OCA alleviated TP/LPS-induced liver injury accompanied by inhibiting caspase-11-GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis pathway and decreased serum TBA level. The results indicated that FXR might be an attractive therapeutic target for TP/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity, providing an effective strategy for drug-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishi Liang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyun Zhou
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang H, Yuan Z, Wang J, Tang Q, Miao Y, Yuan Z, Huang X, Zhu Y, Nong C, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Triptolide leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide and natural-killer-cell mediated hepatocellular damage by inhibiting MHC class I molecules. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154621. [PMID: 36610139 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F (TWHF) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine, called thunder god vine, based on its efficacy for treating inflammatory diseases. However, its hepatotoxicity has limited its clinical application. Triptolide (TP) is the major active and toxic component of TWHF. Previous studies reported that a toxic pretreatment dose of TP leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and to acute liver failure, in mice, but the immune mechanisms of TP-sensitised hepatocytes and the TP-induced excessive immune response to LPS stimulation are unknown. PURPOSE To identify both the key immune cell population and mechanism involved in TP-induced hepatic intolerance of exogenous LPS. STUDY DESIGN In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the inhibitory signal of natural killer (NK) cells maintained in hepatocytes, and the ability of TP to impair that signal. METHODS Flow cytometry was performed to determine NK cell activity and hepatocyte histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expression; the severity of liver injury was determined based on blood chemistry values, and drug- or cell-mediated hepatocellular damage, by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. In vivo H-2Kb transduction was carried out using an adeno-associated viral vector. RESULTS Interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated necroptosis occurred in C57BL/6N mice treated with 500 μg TP/kg and 0.1 mg LPS/kg to induce fulminant hepatitis. Primary hepatocytes pretreated with TP were more prone to necroptosis when exposed to recombinant murine IFN-γ. In mice administered TP and LPS, the intracellular IFN-γ levels of NK cells increased significantly. Subsequent study confirmed that NK cells were activated and resulted in potent hepatocellular toxicity. In vivo and in vitro TP administration significantly inhibited MHC class I molecules in murine hepatocytes. An in vitro analysis demonstrated the susceptibility of TP-pretreated hepatocytes to NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, an effect that was significantly attenuated by the induction of hepatocyte MHC-I molecules by IFN-α. In vivo induction or overexpression of hepatocyte MHC-I also protected mouse liver against TP and LPS-induced injury. CONCLUSION The TP-induced inhibition of hepatocyte MHC-I molecules expression leads to hepatic intolerance to exogenous LPS and NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity against self-hepatocytes. These findings shed light on the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines administered for their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinliang Huang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Yuan Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Chai Y, Xu Y, Miao Y, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Glycocholic acid aggravates liver fibrosis by promoting the up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor in hepatocytes. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110508. [PMID: 36341984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The precise role of bile acid in the progression of liver fibrosis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, common bile duct ligation was used as an in vivo mouse model for the evaluation of bile acids that promote liver connective tissue growth factor expression. MAIN METHODS Primary rat and mice hepatocytes, as well as primary rat hepatic stellate and HepaRG cells were evaluated as in vitro models for promoting the expression of connective tissue growth factor by bile acids. KEY FINDINGS Compared with taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid (GCA) most strongly promoted the secretion of connective tissue growth factor in mouse primary hepatocytes, rat primary hepatocytes and HepaRGs. GCA did not directly promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells. The administration of GCA in mice with ligated bile ducts promotes the progression of liver fibrosis, which may promote the yes-associated protein of hepatocytes into the nucleus, resulting in the hepatocytes secreting more connective tissue growth factor for hepatic stellate cell activation. In conclusion, our data showed that GCA can induce the expression of connective tissue growth factor in hepatocytes by promoting the nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein, thereby activating hepatic stellate cells. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings help to elucidate the contribution of GCA to the progression of hepatic fibrosis in cholestatic disease and aid the clinical monitoring of cholestatic liver fibrosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yuan
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunxia Xu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Ren W, Yuan Y, Peng J, Mutti L, Jiang X. The function and clinical implication of circular RNAs in lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862602. [PMID: 36338714 PMCID: PMC9629004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the recent advent of promising new targeted therapies, lung cancer diagnostic strategies still have difficulty in identifying the disease at an early stage. Therefore, the characterizations of more sensible and specific cancer biomarkers have become an important goal for clinicians. Circular RNAs are covalently close, endogenous RNAs without 5' end caps or 3'poly (A) tails and have been characterized by high stability, abundance, and conservation as well as display cell/tissue/developmental stage-specific expressions. Numerous studies have confirmed that circRNAs act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, RNA-binding protein, and transcriptional regulators; some circRNAs even act as translation templates that participate in multiple pathophysiological processes. Growing evidence have confirmed that circRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancers through the regulation of proliferation and invasion, cell cycle, autophagy, apoptosis, stemness, tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, circRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis and targets for developing new treatments. In this review, we will summarize recent progresses in identifying the biogenesis, biological functions, potential mechanisms, and clinical applications of these molecules for lung cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Luciano Mutti
- The Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiulin Jiang
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yuan Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Miao Y, Tang Q, Yuan Z, Nong C, Duan Z, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Triptolide increases resistance to bile duct ligation-induced liver injury and fibrosis in mice by inhibiting RELB. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1032722. [PMID: 36313114 PMCID: PMC9608656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common, chronic liver disease that may cause fibrosis and cirrhosis. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f (TWHF) is a species in the Euonymus family that is commonly used as a source of medicine and food in Eastern and Southern China. Triptolide (TP) is an epoxy diterpene lactone of TWHF, as well as the main active ingredient in TWHF. Here, we used a mouse model of common bile duct ligation (BDL) cholestasis, along with cultured human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, to explore whether TP can relieve cholestasis. Compared with the control treatment, TP at a dose of 70 or 140 μg/kg reduced the serum levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in mice; hematoxylin and eosin staining also showed that TP reduced necrosis in tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that TP inhibited cholangiocyte proliferation by reducing the expression of RelB. Immunohistochemical staining of CK19 and Ki67, as well as measurement of Ck19 mRNA levels in hepatic tissue, revealed that TP inhibited the BDL-induced ductular reaction. Masson 3 and Sirius Red staining for hepatic hydroxyproline showed that TP alleviated BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, TP substantially inhibited BDL-induced hepatic inflammation. In summary, TP inhibited the BDL-induced ductular reaction by reducing the expression of RelB in cholangiocytes, thereby alleviating liver injury, fibrosis, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Miao
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianhui Tang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Nong
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhicheng Duan
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhenzhou Jiang,
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Qinwei Yu,
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Qin T, Hasnat M, Zhou Y, Yuan Z, Zhang W. Macrophage malfunction in Triptolide-induced indirect hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:981996. [PMID: 36225585 PMCID: PMC9548637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.981996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Indirect hepatotoxicity is a new type of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in which the character of a drug that may induce its occurrence and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Previously, we proved that Triptolide (TP) induced indirect hepatotoxicity upon LPS stimulation resulting from the deficiency of cytoprotective protein of hepatocyte. However, whether immune cells participated in TP-induced indirect hepatotoxicity and the way immune cells change the liver hypersensitivity to LPS still need to be deeply investigated. In this study, we tried to explore whether and how macrophages are involved in TP-induced indirect hepatotoxicity. Method: Firstly, TP (500 μg/kg) and LPS (0.1 mg/kg) were administrated into female C57BL/6 mice as previously reported. Serum biochemical indicators, morphological changes, hepatic macrophage markers, as well as macrophage M1/M2 markers were detected. Secondly, macrophage scavenger clodronate liposomes were injected to prove whether macrophages participated in TP-induced indirect hepatotoxicity. Also, the ability of macrophages to secrete inflammatory factors and macrophage phagocytosis were detected. Lastly, reverse docking was used to find the target of TP on macrophage and the possible target was verified in vivo and in RAW264.7 cells. Results: TP pretreatment increased the liver hypersensitization to LPS accompanied by the recruitment of macrophages to the liver and promoted the transformation of macrophages to M1 type. Depletion of hepatic macrophages almost completely alleviated the liver injury induced by TP/LPS. TP pretreatment increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors and weakened the phagocytic function of macrophages upon LPS exposure. Reverse docking results revealed that MerTK might be the real target of TP. Conclusion: TP disrupts inflammatory cytokines profile and phagocytic function of hepatic macrophages, resulting in the production of massive inflammatory factors and the accumulation of endotoxin in the liver, ultimately leading to the indirect hepatotoxicity of TP. MerTK might be the target of TP on the macrophage, while the binding of TP to MerTK should be investigated in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Hasnat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yang Zhou
- Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziqiao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhou Zhang, , Ziqiao Yuan, ,
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhou Zhang, , Ziqiao Yuan, ,
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Yuan W, Huang J, Hou S, Li H, Bie L, Chen B, Li G, Zhou Y, Chen X. The Antigastric Cancer Effect of Triptolide is Associated With H19/NF-κB/FLIP Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918588. [PMID: 36110523 PMCID: PMC9469193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Triptolide (TP), one of the fat-soluble components extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TWHF), possesses strong antitumor bioactivities, but its dose-dependent side effects restrict its wide application. This study was designed to investigate whether inflammatory factors increased the antitumor effects of the nontoxic dose of TP on gastric cancer cells and tried to explore the possible molecular mechanisms. Method: AGS and MKN45 cells were treated with different doses of TP and TNF-α. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected in vitro. In addition, NF-κB mediated prosurvival signals and cytoprotective proteins, especially FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), were detected to determine their effects on TP/TNF-α–induced apoptosis. Moreover, the function of lncRNA H19/miR-204-5p/NF-κB/FLIP axis was investigated in vitro, and the antigastric cancer effect of TP plus TNF-α was proved in the mice xenograft model. Result:In vitro experimental results showed that TP pretreatment promoted apoptosis in AGS and MKN45 cells upon TNF-α exposure. TP/TNF-α–mediated apoptosis was partly mediated by the inhibitory effect of NF-κB–mediated FLIP expression. Oncogene H19 lying in the upstream pathway of NF-κB played a vital role upon TNF-α exposure, and bioinformatics analysis proved that H19 participated in TP/TNF-α–induced apoptosis via binding of miR-204-5p. Lastly, a low dose of TP and TNF-α inhibited the tumor weight and tumor volume of AGS and MKN45 cells in vivo. Conclusion: TP pretreatment increased apoptosis in TNF-α–stimulated gastric cancer cells, which are dependent on the disruption of the H19/miR-204-5p/NF-κB/FLIP axis. Cotreatment of TP and TNF-α is a better option for enhancing the anticancer effect and lowering the side effect of TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Huahua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangyu Bie
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobing Chen, ; Yang Zhou,
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobing Chen, ; Yang Zhou,
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Hu Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Zhou H, Yang T. The molecular pathogenesis of triptolide-induced hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979307. [PMID: 36091841 PMCID: PMC9449346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) is the major pharmacologically active ingredient and toxic component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. However, its clinical potential is limited by a narrow therapeutic window and multiple organ toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, TP-induced hepatotoxicity shows significant inter-individual variability. Over the past few decades, research has been devoted to the study of TP-induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanism. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of TP-induced hepatotoxicity. Studies have demonstrated that TP-induced hepatotoxicity is associated with CYP450s, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), oxidative stress, excessive autophagy, apoptosis, metabolic disorders, immunity, and the gut microbiota. These new findings provide a comprehensive understanding of TP-induced hepatotoxicity and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Anqing Medical College, Anqing, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yang, ; Hua Zhou,
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Yang, ; Hua Zhou,
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17
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Wu W, Cheng R, Boucetta H, Xu L, Pan JR, Song M, Lu YT, Hang TJ. Differences in Multicomponent Pharmacokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and Excretion of Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets in Normal and Adriamycin-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome Rat Models and Correlations With Efficacy and Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910923. [PMID: 35754482 PMCID: PMC9221999 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium glycosides tablets (TGT) are widely used for treating nephrotic syndrome (NS), but hepatotoxicity is frequently reported. The presence of underlying disease(s) can alter the disposition of drugs and affect their efficacy and toxicity. However, no studies have reported the impact of NS on the ADME profiles of TGT or its subsequent impact on the efficacy and toxicity. Thus, the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of TGT were evaluated in normal and NS rats after oral administration of TGT (10 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. The corresponding ADME profiles of the six key TGT components (triptolide (TPL), wilforlide A (WA), wilforgine (WFG), wilfortrine (WFT), wilfordine (WFD), and wilforine (WFR)) were also measured and compared in normal and NS rats after a single oral gavage of 10 mg/kg TGT. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) of the severity of NS and the in vivo exposure of the six key TGT components was performed to screen the anti–NS and hepatotoxic material bases of TGT. Finally, the efficacy and hepatotoxicity of the target compounds were evaluated in vitro. The results showed that TGT decreased the NS symptoms in rats, but caused worse hepatotoxicity under the NS state. Significant differences in the ADME profiles of the six key TGT components between the normal and NS rats were as follows: higher plasma and tissue exposure, lower urinary and biliary excretion, and higher fecal excretion for NS rats. Based on CCA and in vitro verification, TPL, WA, WFG, WFT, WFD, and WFR were identified as the anti–NS material bases of TGT, whereas TPL, WFG, WFT, and WFD were recognized as the hepatotoxic material bases. In conclusion, NS significantly altered the ADME profiles of the six key TGT components detected in rats, which were related to the anti–NS and hepatotoxic effects of TGT. These results are useful for the rational clinical applications of TGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Ru Pan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tai-Jun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Triptolide Induces Liver Injury by Regulating Macrophage Recruitment and Polarization via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1492239. [PMID: 35770044 PMCID: PMC9236772 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1492239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP) has limited usage in clinical practice due to its side effects and toxicity, especially liver injury. Hepatic macrophages, key player of liver innate immunity, were found to be recruited and activated by TP in our previous study. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway exerts a protective role in TP-induced liver damage, but its effect on the functions of hepatic macrophage has not been elucidated. Here, we determined whether TP can regulate the recruitment and polarization of hepatic macrophages by inhibiting Nrf2 signaling cascade. Our results demonstrated that TP inhibited the Nrf2 signaling pathway in hepatic macrophages. The changes in hepatic macrophages were responsible for the increased susceptibility toward inflammatory stimuli, and hence, TP pretreatment could induce severe liver damage upon the stimulation of a nontoxic dose of lipopolysaccharides. In addition, the Nrf2 agonist protected macrophages from TP-induced toxicity and Nrf2 deficiency significantly aggravated liver injury by enhancing the recruitment and M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages. This study suggests that Nrf2 pathway-mediated hepatic macrophage polarization plays an essential role in TP-induced liver damage, which can serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing hepatotoxicity induced by TP.
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19
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Le WB, Shi JS, Gong SW, Yang F. Effectiveness and safety of KunXian capsule for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:179. [PMID: 35538439 PMCID: PMC9088128 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) preparation has been widely used in the treatments of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in China. However, the effectiveness and safety of the new generation of TwHF preparation, KuxXian capsule, on the treatment of IgAN remains unknown. METHODS Here, we retrospectively describe our experience treating 55 consecutive IgAN patients with KunXian. We defined complete remission as proteinuria < 0.5 g/24 h and partial remission as proteinuria < 1 g/24 h, each also having > 50% reduction in proteinuria from baseline. RESULTS At first follow-up after KunXian treatment (5.7 weeks, IQR 4.7-7.9), all but two patients (96%) showed a reduction in proteinuria. The overall median proteinuria decreased from 2.23 g/day at baseline to 0.94 g/day (P < 0.001) at the first follow-up. During a median follow-up of 28 weeks after KunXian administration, 25(45.5%) patients achieved complete remission, 34 (61.8%) patients achieved complete/partial remission. Of the 12 patients discontinued KunXian treatment during the follow-up, the median proteinuria was increased from 0.97 g/24 h to 2.74 g/24 h after a median of 10.9 weeks (P = 0.004). Multivariable Cox models showed that female, treatment switching from previous generation of TwHF preparation, lower initial KunXian dosage, and higher proteinuria at baseline were independently associated proteinuria remission. Of the 20 pre-menopausal females, 12 of them developed oligomenorrhea or menstrual irregularity and ten of them developed amenorrhea. CONCLUSION KunXian is effectiveness and safety for the treatment of IgA nephropathy. Woman of childbearing age to be informed of the risk of ovarian failure after being treated with TwHF preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Le
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210018, China.
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Si-Wen Gong
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, China
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20
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Optimizing glycerosome formulations via an orthogonal experimental design to enhance transdermal triptolide delivery. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:135-146. [PMID: 36651523 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide exerts strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects; however, its oral administration might be associated with side effects. Transdermal administration can improve the safety of triptolide. In this study, glycerosomes were prepared as the transdermal vehicle to enhance the transdermal delivery of triptolide. With entrapment efficiency and drug loading as dependent variables, the glycerosome formulation was optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. Phospholipid-to-cholesterol and phospholipid-to-triptolide mass ratios of 30:1 and 5:1, respectively and a glycerol concentration of 20 % (V/V) were used in the optimization. The glycerosomes prepared with the optimized formulation showed good stability, with an average particle size of 153.10 ± 2.69 nm, a zeta potential of -45.73 ± 0.60 mV and an entrapment greater than 75 %. Glycerosomes significantly increased the transdermal delivery of triptolide compared to conventional liposomes. As efficient carriers for the transdermal delivery of drugs, glycerosomes can potentially be used as an alternative to oral triptolide administration.
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21
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Gao W, Guo L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xia S, Gong H, Zhang BK, Yan M. Dissecting the Crosstalk Between Nrf2 and NF-κB Response Pathways in Drug-Induced Toxicity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809952. [PMID: 35186957 PMCID: PMC8847224 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 and NF-κB are important regulators of the response to oxidative stress and inflammation in the body. Previous pharmacological and genetic studies have confirmed crosstalk between the two. The deficiency of Nrf2 elevates the expression of NF-κB, leading to increased production of inflammatory factors, while NF-κB can affect the expression of downstream target genes by regulating the transcription and activity of Nrf2. At the same time, many therapeutic drug-induced organ toxicities, including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, dermal toxicity, and neurotoxicity, have received increasing attention from researchers in clinical practice. Drug-induced organ injury can destroy body function, reduce the patients’ quality of life, and even threaten the lives of patients. Therefore, it is urgent to find protective drugs to ameliorate drug-induced injury. There is substantial evidence that protective medications can alleviate drug-induced organ toxicity by modulating both Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Thus, it has become increasingly important to explore the crosstalk mechanism between Nrf2 and NF-κB in drug-induced toxicity. In this review, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways and the important effects on adverse effects including toxic reactions and look forward to finding protective drugs that can target the crosstalk between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Miao Yan,
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22
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Triptolide Suppresses NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Responses and Activates Expression of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Genes to Alleviate Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031252. [PMID: 35163177 PMCID: PMC8835869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), the main active ingredient of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., displays potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities. In the present study, the effect of TP on acute pancreatitis and the underlying mechanisms of the disease were investigated using a caerulein-induced animal model of acute pancreatitis (AP) and an in vitro cell model. In vivo, pretreatment with TP notably ameliorated pancreatic damage, shown as the improvement in serum amylase and lipase levels and pancreatic morphology. Meanwhile, TP modulated the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages (Ly6G staining and CD68 staining) and decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-6) through inhibiting the transactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in caerulein-treated mice. Furthermore, TP reverted changes in oxidative stress markers, including pancreatic glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), in acute pancreatitis mice. Additionally, TP pretreatment inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and Nrf2-regulated redox genes expression (HO-1, SOD1, GPx1 and NQO1) in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that TP exert protection against pancreatic inflammation and tissue damage by inhibiting NF-κB transactivation, modulating immune cell responses and activating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative system, thereby alleviating acute pancreatitis.
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23
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Wang C, Li YH, Yang ZT, Cheng NT, Tang HX, Xu M. The function and mechanism of microRNA-92a-3p in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 44:47-57. [PMID: 34783628 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.2001497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically severe respiratory disorder and remains the leading cause of multiple organ failure and mortality. Herein, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate sepsis-induced ALI and try to explore the role and mechanism of microRNA-92a-3p (miR-92a-3p) in this process. METHODS Mice were intravenously injected with miR-92a-3p agomir, antagomir and negative controls for 3 consecutive days and then were intratracheally instillated by LPS (5 mg/kg) for 12 h. To knock down the endogenous A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1), mice were intratracheally injected with recombinant adenovirus carrying the short hairpin RNA targeting AKAP1 (shAkap1) at 1 week before LPS administration. RESULTS miR-92a-3p level was significantly upregulated in the lungs by LPS injection. miR-92a-3p antagomir reduced LPS-induced intrapulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby preventing pulmonary injury and dysfunction. In contrast, miR-92a-3p agomir aggravated LPS-induced intrapulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, pulmonary injury and dysfunction. Moreover, we reported that AKAP1 upregulation was required for the beneficial effects of miR-92a-3p antagomir, and that AKAP1 knockdown completely abolished the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of miR-92a-3p antagomir. CONCLUSION Our data identify that miR-92a-3p modulates LPS-induced intrapulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress and ALI via AKAP1 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang-Hao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huangmei People's Hospital, Huanggang, China
| | - Ze-Tian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni-Tao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He-Xiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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24
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Wang C, Chen Y, Cheng NT, Yang ZT, Tang HX, Xu M. MicroRNA-762 Modulates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury via SIRT7. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:1407-1422. [PMID: 34251977 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1951753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). MicroRNA-762 (miR-762) has been implicated in the progression of inflammation and oxidative stress; however, its role in ALI remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of miR-762 in LPS-induced ALI. Methods: Mice were intravenously injected with miR-762 antagomir, agomir or the negative controls for 3 consecutive days and then received a single intratracheal instillation of LPS (5 mg/kg) for 12 h to establish ALI model. Adenoviral vectors were used to knock down the endogenous SIRT7 expression. Results: An increased miR-762 expression was detected in LPS-treated lungs. miR-762 antagomir significantly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and ALI in mice, while the mice with miR-762 agomir treatment exhibited a deleterious phenotype. Besides, we found that SIRT7 upregulation was essential for the pulmonoprotective effects of miR-762 antagomir, and that SIRT7 silence completely abolished the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant capacities of miR-762 antagomir. Conclusion: miR-762 is implicated in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced ALI via modulating inflammation and oxidative stress, which depends on its regulation of SIRT7 expression. It might be a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xishui People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Science and Technology, Huanggang, Hubei, China
| | - Ni-Tao Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Tian Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - He-Xiao Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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25
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Yu L, Wang Z, Mo Z, Zou B, Yang Y, Sun R, Ma W, Yu M, Zhang S, Yu Z. Synergetic delivery of triptolide and Ce6 with light-activatable liposomes for efficient hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2004-2015. [PMID: 34386334 PMCID: PMC8343191 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known as the second common leading cancer worldwide, as it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and medication. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide, is a promising treatment agent for its effective anticancer effect on multiple cancers including HCC. However, its clinical application has been limited owing to its severe systemic toxicities, low solubility, and fast elimination in the body. Therefore, to overcome the above obstacles, photo-activatable liposomes (LP) integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP (TP/Ce6-LP) was designed in the pursuit of controlled drug release and synergetic photodynamic therapy in HCC therapy. The TP encapsulated in liposomes accumulated to the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under laser irradiation, the photosensitizer Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further oxidized the unsaturated phospholipids. In this way, the liposomes were destroyed to release TP. TP/Ce6-LP with NIR laser irradiation (TP/Ce6-LP+L) showed the best anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo on a patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC (PDXHCC). TP/Ce6-LP significantly reduced the side effects of TP. Furthermore, TP/Ce6-LP+L induced apoptosis through a caspase-3/PARP signaling pathway. Overall, TP/Ce6-LP+L is a novel potential treatment option in halting HCC progression with attenuated toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALT, liver-related alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CK, creatine kinase
- CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Ce6
- Chol, cholesterol
- Cr, creatinine
- DEE, drug encapsulation efficiency
- DLC, drug loading content
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DSPG, distearoyl phosphatidylglycerole
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCM, flow cytometry
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LP, liposomes
- NIR, near-infrared
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PDX model
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- PDXHCC, patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC
- PI, propidium iodide
- Photo-activatable liposomes
- Photosensitizer
- Process of photodynamic therapy
- Pt, platinum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- So, sorafenib
- Synergetic delivery
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TP, triptolide
- TP/Ce6-LP, liposomes integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP
- TUNEL, dT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling
- Triptolide
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming 525200, China
| | - Zhuomao Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Dai JM, Guo WN, Tan YZ, Niu KW, Zhang JJ, Liu CL, Yang XM, Tao KS, Chen ZN, Dai JY. Wogonin alleviates liver injury in sepsis through Nrf2-mediated NF-κB signalling suppression. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5782-5798. [PMID: 33982381 PMCID: PMC8184690 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life‐threatening organ dysfunction syndrome, and liver is a susceptible target organ in sepsis, because the activation of inflammatory pathways contributes to septic liver injury. Oxidative stress has been documented to participate in septic liver injury, because it not only directly induces oxidative genotoxicity, but also exacerbates inflammatory pathways to potentiate damage of liver. Therefore, to ameliorate oxidative stress is promising for protecting liver in sepsis. Wogonin is the compound extracted from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis Geogi and was found to exert therapeutic effects in multiple inflammatory diseases via alleviation of oxidative stress. However, whether wogonin is able to mitigate septic liver injury remains unknown. Herein, we firstly proved that wogonin treatment could improve survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)‐induced sepsis, together with restoration of reduced body temperature and respiratory rate, and suppression of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines in circulation. Then, we found that wogonin effectively alleviated liver injury via potentiation of the anti‐oxidative capacity. To be specific, wogonin activated Nrf2 thereby promoting expressions of anti‐oxidative enzymes including NQO‐1, GST, HO‐1, SOD1 and SOD2 in hepatocytes. Moreover, wogonin‐induced Nrf2 activation could suppress NF‐κB‐regulated up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Ultimately, we provided in vivo evidence that wogonin activated Nrf2 signalling, potentiated anti‐oxidative enzymes and inhibited NF‐κB‐regulated pro‐inflammatory signalling. Taken together, this study demonstrates that wogonin can be the potential therapeutic agent for alleviating liver injury in sepsis by simultaneously ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory response through the activation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Nan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Tan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun-Wei Niu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Li Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China.,Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang-Min Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Yao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing, China.,Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Liu X, Hu C, Li H, Wu L, Xiong Y, Tang X, Deng S. Metabolic profiling of fatty acids in Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside- and triptolide-induced liver-injured rats. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:184-197. [PMID: 33817310 PMCID: PMC7968544 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii multiglucoside (TWM) is a fat-soluble extract from a Chinese herb T. wilfordii, that’s used in treating rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome and other skin diseases. Triptolide (TP) is a major active component in TWM. However, clinical applications of TWM are limited by its various toxicities especially hepatotoxicity. In recent studies, it has been reported that drug-induced liver injury (DILI) could induce the disorder of lipid metabolism in animals. Hence, this study focuses on the metabolic profile of fatty acids in TWM- and TP-induced liver-injured rats. In serum and liver tissue, 16 free and 16 esterified fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Metabolic profile of serum fatty acids in rats with liver injury was identified by multivariate statistical analysis. The fatty acid levels in the serum of TWM- and TP-treated rats significantly decreased, whereas those in the liver tissue of TWM- and TP-treated rats obviously increased when compared with the vehicle-treated rats. Four free fatty acids were identified as candidate biomarkers of TWM- and TP-induced liver injury. Therefore, the targeted metabolomic method may be used as a complementary approach for DILI diagnosis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Cong Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Linjing Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Xiong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xilan Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Deng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
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