1
|
Naiel MAE, Abd El-Hameed SAA, Ahmed AI, Ismaiel NEM. The effect of dietary administration of Saussurea lappa root on performance, blood biochemical indices, redox status, innate immune response, intestinal microbial population and resistance against A. hydrophila infections of Tilapia Fingerlings. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38851860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to identify the influence of dietary Saussurea lappa root (SLR) on the performance and general health status of Nile Tilapia fingerlings (O. niloticus). Four formulated diets with different SLR levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg, respectively, were afforded to fingerling fish (15.42 ± 0.05 g) for 8 weeks. The feed efficiency ratio (FER), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio varied with dietary SLR level in a linear model and a high feed efficiency rate was recorded at the 10 g/kg group, while FI and FCR exhibited an opposite trend (P < 0.001). Dietary SLR level influenced serum protein constituents, liver and renal function enzymes, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose (P < 0.001). Serum Catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) remarkedly increased with dietary SLR level and attained a level at 10 g/kg. Furthermore, serum lysozyme, complement C3 (C3), IgA and IgD were stimulated by 10 g/kg SLR. Intestinal digestive enzymes (lipase and amylase) increased with SLR level up to 10 g/kg. As the dietary SLR level raised, the cumulative survival percentage aginst A. hydrophila challenge increased and then reached a maximum at 10 g/kg SLR group. Moreover, gene expression of pro-inflammation cytokines (TNF-2a, IL-1β, and IL-10) in liver and kidney transcriptomes demonstrated effective immunostimulant capabilities of greater SLR inclusion levels in fish diet. Meanwhile, intestinal microbial investigation, revealed that high levels of SLR in tilapia fish feed significantly suppressed total bacterial count, and pathogenic bacterial count (such as, E. coli, Coliform, Aeromonas spp, Pseudomonas spp.), and stimulated lactic acid bacteria development. Finally, it is recommended to include a high level of SLR (5 or 10 g/kg) in the diet of O. niloticus fingerlings to enhance feed efficiency, antioxidant characteristics, and immunological response against bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samah A A Abd El-Hameed
- Fish health and diseases Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany I Ahmed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nahla E M Ismaiel
- Fish Biology and Ecology Department, Central laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abu Hammad, Agriculture Research center, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hissen KL, He W, Wu G, Criscitiello MF. Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1241615. [PMID: 37841275 PMCID: PMC10570457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1241615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparative animal models generate fundamental scientific knowledge of immune responses. However, these studies typically are conducted in mammals because of their biochemical and physiological similarity to humans. Presently, there has been an interest in using teleost fish models to study intestinal immunology, particularly intestinal mucosa immune response. Instead of targeting the pathogen itself, a preferred approach for managing fish health is through nutrient supplementation, as it is noninvasive and less labor intensive than vaccine administrations while still modulating immune properties. Amino acids (AAs) regulate metabolic processes, oxidant-antioxidant balance, and physiological requirements to improve immune response. Thus, nutritionists can develop sustainable aquafeeds through AA supplementation to promote specific immune responses, including the intestinal mucosa immune system. We propose the use of dietary supplementation with functional AAs to improve immune response by discussing teleost fish immunology within the intestine and explore how oxidative burst is used as an immune defense mechanism. We evaluate immune components and immune responses in the intestine that use oxidant-antioxidant balance through potential selection of AAs and their metabolites to improve mucosal immune capacity and gut integrity. AAs are effective modulators of teleost gut immunity through oxidant-antioxidant balance. To incorporate nutrition as an immunoregulatory means in teleost, we must obtain more tools including genomic, proteomic, nutrition, immunology, and macrobiotic and metabonomic analyses, so that future studies can provide a more holistic understanding of the mucosal immune system in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Hissen
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Wenliang He
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Amino Acid Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yousefi M, Naderi Farsani M, Ghafarifarsani H, Raeeszadeh M. Dietary Lactobacillus helveticus and Gum Arabic improves growth indices, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microbiota, innate immunological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108652. [PMID: 36863498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at determining the effects of Lactobacillus helveticus (LH), Gum Arabic (GA; natural prebiotic), and their combination as synbiotic on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, gut microbiota, innate immunity status, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophyla in common carp, Cyprinus carpio for 8 weeks. For this, 735 common carp juveniles (Mean ± standard deviation; 22.51 ± 0.40 g) were fed with 7 different diets including basal diet (C), LH1 (1 × 107 CFU/g), LH2 (1 × 109 CFU/g), GA1 (0.5%), GA2 (1%), LH1+GA1 (1 × 107 CFU/g + 0.5%), and LH2+GA2 (1 × 109 CFU/g + 1%) for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with GA and/or LH significantly increased growth performance, WBC, serum total immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, skin mucus lysozyme and total immunoglobulin and intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Whereas there were significant improvements in various parameters tested in different treatments, the highest improvement in growth performance, WBC, monocyte/neutrophil percentages, serum lysozyme, alternative complement, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde, skin mucosal alkaline phosphatase, protease, and immunoglobulin, intestinal total bacterial count, protease and amylase activities were observed in the synbiotic treatments, particularly LH1+GA1. After an experimental infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, all experimental treatments exhibited significantly higher survival, compared to the control treatment. The highest survival was related to the synbiotic (particularly LH1+GA1), followed by prebiotic, and probiotic treatments. Overall, synbiotic containing 1 × 107 CFU/g LH + 0.5% GA can improve growth rate and feed efficiency in common carp. Moreover, the synbiotic can improve the antioxidant/innate immune systems and dominate lactic acid bacteria in the fish intestine that may be the reasons of the highest resistance against A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Yousefi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mehdi Naderi Farsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ghafarifarsani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Zhao M, Xia Y, Sun W, Xiong G, Shi L, Qiao Y, Wu W, Ding A, Chen L, Wang L, Chen S. Deterioration of muscle quality caused by ammonia exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
5
|
Sheikhzadeh N, Ahmadifar E, Soltani M, Tayefi-Nasrabadi H, Mousavi S, Naiel MAE. Brown Seaweed ( Padina australis) Extract can Promote Performance, Innate Immune Responses, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Intestinal Gene Expression and Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233389. [PMID: 36496911 PMCID: PMC9738903 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight-week oral administration of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets was assessed on the growth performance, tight junction proteins, intestinal immunity, and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 300 healthy common carp weighing around 14.8 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned into four equal groups within 12 glass aquariums, each in three replicates (25 fish/tank), for the feeding trial experiment. The first group served as the control group and was fed an un-supplemented diet, whilst the other three groups were offered diets containing graded amounts of Padina australis ethyl acetate extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The growth indices, including final weight, length, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio, were meaningfully improved in fish fed with the algae at 200 and 400 mg/kg compared to the control fish (p < 0.05). Similarly, digestive enzyme activities and serum immune parameters were significantly higher in all treatments, especially 200 and 400 mg/kg fed groups, compared to the control (p < 0.05). In parallel, significant upregulation of genes related to integrity and the immune system was shown in the intestine of these treatment groups compared to control fish (p < 0.05). When fish were challenged with A. hydrophila, the cumulative survival percentages were 53.3% (p = 0.215), 70.0 % (p = 0.009), and 76.7% (p = 0.002) in fish fed 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg diets, respectively, compared to 36.7% survival in control fish (p = 0.134). These data show that the eight-week dietary administration of P. australis extract to common carp can enhance growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and disease resistance to A. hydrophila infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.A.E.N.)
| | - Ehsan Ahmadifar
- Department of of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6453, Iran
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Hossein Tayefi-Nasrabadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Shalaleh Mousavi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (M.A.E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|