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Ahmad A, Noor AE, Anwar A, Majeed S, Khan S, Ul Nisa Z, Ali S, Gnanasekaran L, Rajendran S, Li H. Support based metal incorporated layered nanomaterials for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119481. [PMID: 38917930 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
An effective approach to producing sophisticated miniaturized and nanoscale materials involves arranging nanomaterials into layered hierarchical frameworks. Nanostructured layered materials are constructed to possess isolated propagation assets, massive surface areas, and envisioned amenities, making them suitable for a variety of established and novel applications. The utilization of various techniques to create nanostructures adorned with metal nanoparticles provides a secure alternative or reinforcement for the existing physicochemical methods. Supported metal nanoparticles are preferred due to their ease of recovery and usage. Researchers have extensively studied the catalytic properties of noble metal nanoparticles using various selective oxidation and hydrogenation procedures. Despite the numerous advantages of metal-based nanoparticles (NPs), their catalytic potential remains incompletely explored. This article examines metal-based nanomaterials that are supported by layers, and provides an analysis of their manufacturing, procedures, and synthesis. This study incorporates both 2D and 3D layered nanomaterials because of their distinctive layered architectures. This review focuses on the most common metal-supported nanocomposites and methodologies used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes employing layered nanomaterials. The comprehensive examination of biological and ecological cleaning and treatment techniques discussed in this article has paved the way for the exploration of cutting-edge technologies that can contribute to the establishment of a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ahmad
- Departmento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14104, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Arsh E Noor
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Safia Khan
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Zaib Ul Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Lalitha Gnanasekaran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez 1775, Arica, Chile
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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Wang Z, Qu C, Zhang J, Zhi L, Tang T, Yao H, Li W, Shi C, Qi S. Constructing model-averaging species sensitivity distributions of Phenanthrene based on reproductive fitness: Implications for assessing ecological risk in urban watershed. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130296. [PMID: 36372021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in optimizing the method of constructing species sensitivity distribution (SSD) remains. In this study, a model-averaging SSD was created to evaluate the ecological risk of Phenanthrene (PHE) in urban watershed based on reproductive fitness. Specifically, concentrations of PHE were measured in surface water samples collected from various watersheds of Wuhan, including five lake watersheds and the Wuhan reach of the Yangtze River and Han River. The reproductive endpoint of aquatic species was calculated to be most sensitive to PHE exposure, with the value of predict no-effect concentration (PNEC) at 0.19 μg/L. The results of probabilistic assessment methods, including joint probability curve (JPC), overall risk probability (ORP), and distribution-based quotient (DBQ), indicated that the ecological risks of PHE in large lakes have dropped significantly with distance from the downtown area of Wuhan, and the long-term effects of industrial activities may increase the risks in the lake watersheds. Basically, the ecological risks in Yangtze River are negligible; however, there is a relatively high risk of PHE in the Han River and some lake watersheds. The cos θ similarity analysis indicated the Yangtze River is strongly connected to the low-risk lake watersheds, and that in part reflects the risk in the Yangtze River being controlled by its surrounding these lake watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengkai Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lihao Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tiandong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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The Role of the Ecotoxicology Applied to Seafood as a Tool for Human Health Risk Assessments Concerning Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031211. [PMID: 35162233 PMCID: PMC8834783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent pollutants routinely detected in aquatic ecosystems. It is, therefore, necessary to assess the link between deleterious marine biota PAH effects, especially in commercialized and consumed animals, environmental health status, and potential human health risks originating from the consumption of contaminated seafood products. Thus, this review seeks to verify the relationships of ecotoxicological studies in determining effect and safety concentrations on animals routinely consumed by humans. Methods: A total of 52 published studies between 2011 and 2021, indexed in three databases, were selected following the PICO methodology, and information on test animals, evaluated PAH, and endpoints were extracted. Results: Benzo(a)pyrene and phenanthrene were the most investigated PAHs in terms of biomarkers and test organisms, and mussels were the most evaluated bioindicator species, with an emphasis on reproductive responses. Furthermore, despite the apparent correlation between environmental PAH dynamics and effects on aquatic biota and human health, few assessments have been performed in a multidisciplinary manner to evaluate these three variables together. Conclusions: The links between human and environmental sciences must be strengthened to enable complete and realistic toxicity assessments as despite the application of seafood assessments, especially to mussels, in bioassays, the connection between toxicological animal responses and risks associated with their consumption is still understudied.
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Efthimiou I, Kalamaras G, Papavasileiou K, Anastasi-Papathanasi N, Georgiou Y, Dailianis S, Deligiannakis Y, Vlastos D. ZnO, Ag and ZnO-Ag nanoparticles exhibit differential modes of toxic and oxidative action in hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144699. [PMID: 33636791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the cytotoxic and oxidative effects of custom-made nanoparticles (NPs) on hemocytes of Mytilus galloprovincialis, utilizing hemolymph serum (HS) as exposure medium. Specifically, hemocyte lysosomal membrane destabilization (in terms of neutral red retention time assay/NRRT), superoxide anion (O2-), nitric oxide (NO, in terms of nitrites) and lipid peroxidation content (in terms of malondialdehyde/MDA equivalents) were determined in cells treated for 1 h with different concentrations (0.1-50 μg mL-1) of ZnO NPs, Ag NPs and ZnO-Ag NPs, as well as AgNO3 and/or ZnCl2 (bulk ions, respectively). According to the results, Ag NPs were more cytotoxic than ZnO-Ag NPs and/or ZnO NPs, while NRRT values observed in AgNO3 treated cells were lower than those of ZnCl2. Furthermore, high levels of both O2- and MDA were detected in cells treated with Ag NPs, ZnO-Ag NPs, and AgNO3 at concentrations lower than 5 μg mL-1, while high NO generation was observed only in cells treated with 5-25 μg mL-1 of ZnO NPs or ZnCl2. Despite the absence of data, regarding the formation of NP-serum protein corona complexes that could mediate NP surface energy and uptake efficiency, the current study firstly revealed that ZnO NPs, probably via their surface charge, particle agglomeration, and NP Zn+ release could promote an immune-related generation of O2- and NO via the respiratory burst stimulation, a process that is questioned in the case of Ag NPs and/or ZnO-Ag NPs. Moreover, ZnO-Ag NP interaction with biological membranes and their oxidative mode of action seemed to be regulated by the release and the antagonistic/synergistic response of its ionic counterparts (ZnO+ and Ag+), but further studies are needed to elucidate the oxidative mode of action of NP metal ions in complex NP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Yiannis Georgiou
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece.
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Meng D, Jin W, Chen K, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Li H. Cohesive strength changes of sewer sediments during and after ultrasonic treatment: The significance of bound extracellular polymeric substance and microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138029. [PMID: 32217388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sewer flushing is widely used to remove sewer sediment from drainage systems; however, its performance and cleaning efficiency are limited by the cohesive strength of sewer sediment. To address this, ultrasound, as a clean technology, is proposed to reduce the cohesive strength of sewer sediment. This study investigated the variations in the cohesive strength, extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and microbial community of sewer sediment with ultrasonic treatment. During ultrasonic conditioning, the degradation process of the cohesive strength followed the first-order kinetic model and was positively related to the degradation of bound-EPSs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, particle diameter, and three-dimensional excitation emission analyses suggested that ultrasound reduced the cohesive strength by decreasing the bound-EPS concentration, which reduced the particle size of sewer sediment, and by destroying the structure of tryptophan proteins, which impaired the stability of agglomerated particles. Following ultrasonic treatment, the cohesive strength of the treated sediment was reduced to 69.3% of that of the raw sewer sediment after storage for 21 days; this result could be ascribed to the improvements in polysaccharide transport, amino acid transport, and the cell wall biogenesis functions of the microbial community, as indicated by PICRUSt. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing studies suggest that the proportions of Syntrophomonadaceae, Bacteroidetes_vadinHA17, Synergistaceae, and Syntrophaceae, which are associated with anaerobic digestion and methane production in sediment, improved conspicuously after ultrasonic conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daizong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Keli Chen
- Urban & Rural Construction Design Institute CO, LTD, 310020 Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, 901 North Zhongshan 2nd Road, 200092, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaizheng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Nanomaterials with Tailored Magnetic Properties as Adsorbents of Organic Pollutants from Wastewaters. INORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics8040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water quality has become one of the most critical issue of concern worldwide. The main challenge of the scientific community is to develop innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies with high efficiencies and low production costs. In recent years, the use of nanomaterials with magnetic properties used as adsorbents in the water decontamination process has received considerable attention since they can be easily separated and reused. This review focuses on the state-of-art of magnetic core–shell nanoparticles and nanocomposites developed for the adsorption of organic pollutants from water. Special attention is paid to magnetic nanoadsorbents based on silica, clay composites, carbonaceous materials, polymers and wastes. Furthermore, we compare different synthesis approaches and adsorption performance of every nanomaterials. The data gathered in this review will provide information for the further development of new efficient water treatment technologies.
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Diao ZH, Pu SY, Qian W, Liang S, Kong LJ, Xia DH, Lei ZX, Du JJ, Liu H, Yang JW. Photocatalytic removal of phenanthrene and algae by a novel Ca-Ag 3PO 4 composite under visible light: Reactivity and coexisting effect. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:511-518. [PMID: 30660907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of a novel Ca-Ag3PO4 composite with visible light irradiation for the phenanthrene (PHE) degradation and algae inactivation in artificial seawater was firstly investigated. The experimental findings revealed that Ag3PO4 phase was sucessfully formed on the Ca-based material, and the presence of Ca-based material could effectively keep Ag3PO4 particles stable. An excellent performance on PHE degradation or algae inactivation was observed from Ca-Ag3PO4 composite under visible light irradiation. The degradation of PHE or inactivation of algae not only could be efficiently achieved in the single mode, but also could be successfully achieved in the coexisting mode. Above 96% of PHE and algae were simultaneously removed within 12 h in the Ca-Ag3PO4/visible light system. It was further observed that the degradation of PHE and/or inactivation of algae increased with the increase of Ca-Ag3PO4 dosage. HO was the primary radical responsible for PHE degradation, whereas HO and Ag+ released from Ca-Ag3PO4 mainly contributed to the algae inactivation. A possible mechanism involving the catalytic removal of PHE and algae by Ca-Ag3PO4 under visible light irradiation was proposed. This study provides helpful guide for the simultaneous removal of various pollutants in real seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Hui Diao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Sheng-Yan Pu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Ling-Jun Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - De-Hua Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ze-Xiang Lei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jian-Jun Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
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Liu H, Chen G, Liu L, Yan M. Influence of ultrasound on the properties of dissolved organic matter with regards to proton and metal ion binding moieties. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:279-286. [PMID: 30149265 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is widely used in water and wastewater treatment. However, the influence of ultrasound on the composition and structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and consequently its behaviors is still unclear. In this study, the changes in proton and metal binding moieties in DOM caused by ultrasound at an environmentally relevant concentration (about 5 mg·L-1) were investigated using spectrophotometric titrations. The amounts of carboxylic and phenolic-like groups in DOM before and after ultrasound were quantified by the spectral parameter, Dslope350-400 (the differential slope of the Log-transformed DOM absorbance in the wavelength region of 350-400 nm) in combination with the non-ideal competitive adsorption (NICA) model. The results demonstrate that the concentration of carboxylic-like sites decreased with an increase in the ultrasound intensity at the same reaction time. However, the concentration of phenolic-like sites increased with an increase in the ultrasound intensity in most cases. The amounts of bound metal Ca(II) and Al(III) ions decreased with an increase of the ultrasound intensity due to the reduction of available total binding sites (carboxylic-like and phenolic-like groups) in the DOM after ultrasound. This study provides detailed in-situ information concerning the changes in the properties and behaviors of DOM in ultrasound, which would be useful to understand in more detail and to optimize the utility of ultrasound in water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- School of Environment and Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, The Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Guohao Chen
- School of Environment and Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, The Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China.
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9
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Belavgeni A, Dailianis S. The role of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3-kinase) and respiratory burst enzymes in the [omim][BF 4]-mediated toxic mode of action in mussel hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:144-153. [PMID: 28698124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3-kinase) and respiratory burst enzymes, NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, in the 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([omim][BF4])-mediated toxic mode of action in mussel hemocytes. Specifically, cell viability (using the neutral red uptake assay) was primarily tested in hemocytes treated with different concentrations of [omim][BF4] (0.1-10 mg L-1) and thereafter [omim][BF4]-mediated oxidative (in terms of superoxide anions/O2- and nitric oxide/NO generation, as well as the enhancement of lipid peroxidation by-products, in terms of malondialdehyde/MDA) and genotoxic (in terms of DNA damage) effects were determined in hemocytes treated with 1 mg L-1 [omim][BF4]. Moreover, in order to investigate, even indirectly and non-entirely specific, the role of PI3-kinase, NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, the [omim][BF4]-mediated effects were also investigated in hemocytes pre-incubated with wortmannin (50 nM), diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI 10 μM) and NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME 10 μM), respectively. The results showed that [omim][BF4] ability to enhance O2-, NO, MDA and DNA damage, via its interaction with cellular membranes, was significantly attenuated in the presence of each inhibitor in almost all cases. The current findings revealed for the first time that certain signaling molecules, such as PI3-kinase, as well as respiratory burst enzymes activation, such as NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, could merely attribute to the [omim][BF4]-mediated mode of action, thus enriching our knowledge for the molecular mechanisms of ILs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Belavgeni
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras GR-26 500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, Patras GR-26 500, Greece.
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Zacchi FL, de Lima D, Flores-Nunes F, Mattos JJ, Lüchmann KH, de Miranda Gomes CHA, Bícego MC, Taniguchi S, Sasaki ST, Dias Bainy AC. Transcriptional changes in oysters Crassostrea brasiliana exposed to phenanthrene at different salinities. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 183:94-103. [PMID: 28040644 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Euryhaline animals from estuaries, such as the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana, show physiological mechanisms of adaptation to tolerate salinity changes. These ecosystems receive constant input of xenobiotics from urban areas, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as phenanthrene (PHE). In order to understand the influence of salinity on the molecular responses of C. brasiliana exposed to PHE, oysters were acclimatized to different salinities (35, 25 and 10) for 15days and then exposed to 100μgL-1 PHE for 24h and 96h. Control groups were kept at the same salinities without PHE. Oysters were sampled for chemical analysis and the gills were excised for mRNA quantification by qPCR. Transcript levels of different genes were measured, including some involved in oxidative stress pathways, phases I and II of the xenobiotic biotransformation systems, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator putative gene. Higher transcript levels of Sulfotransferase-like gene (SULT-like) were observed in oysters exposed to PHE at salinity 10 compared to control (24h and 96h); cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP2AU1, CYP2-like1) were more elevated in oysters exposed for 24h and CYP2-like2 after 96h of oysters exposed to PHE at salinity 10 compared to control. These results are probably associated to an enhanced Phase I biotransformation activity required for PHE detoxification under hyposmotic stress. Higher transcript levels of CAT-like, SOD-like, GSTm-like (96h) and GSTΩ-like (24h) in oysters kept at salinity 10 compared to organisms at salinities 25 and/or 35 are possibly related to enhaced ROS production. The transcription of these genes were not affected by PHE exposure. Amino acid metabolism-related genes (GAD-like (24h), GLYT-like, ARG-like (96h) and TAUT-like at 24h and 96h) also showed different transcription levels among organisms exposed to different salinities, suggesting their important role for oyster salinity adaptation, which is not affected by exposure to these levels of PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Lucena Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daína de Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center - NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karim Hahn Lüchmann
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - LBBM, Fishery Engineering Department, Santa Catarina State University, Laguna, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvio Tarou Sasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry - LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry - LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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11
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Rao Y, Yang H, Xue D, Guo Y, Qi F, Ma J. Sonolytic and sonophotolytic degradation of Carbamazepine: Kinetic and mechanisms. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 32:371-379. [PMID: 27150783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth investigation on the ultrasonic decomposition of Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most regularly identified drugs in the environment, was conducted. The effects of diverse variables were evaluated, such as frequency, power, solution pH, initial CBZ concentration and varied inorganic anions. Reaction order was determined on the basis of analyzing reaction kinetics of CBZ degradation. The sonophotolysis and photolysis of CBZ was also examined in this contribution. The influence of water composition on the sonolytic and sonophotolytic elimination of CBZ was analyzed. Additionally, 21 intermediates were identified during sonolytic degradation of CBZ based on LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis, among which two escaped from the detection in previous studies. Possible decay pathways were proposed accordingly. The epoxidation, cleavage of double bond, hydration, hydroxylation, ring contraction and intramolecular cyclization were believed to be involved in sonochemical degradation of CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Rao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Haisong Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fei Qi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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12
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Kacar A, Pazi I, Gonul T, Kucuksezgin F. Marine pollution risk in a coastal city: use of an eco-genotoxic tool as a stress indicator in mussels from the Eastern Aegean Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16067-16078. [PMID: 27146544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal areas, such as bays, estuaries, and harbors, are heavily polluted since these areas are the settlements to which toxic chemicals from industrial and domestic wastes are discharged. The genetic damage was evaluated using bioindicator mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis caused by toxic chemicals (metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in İzmir and Çandarlı Bays (the Eastern Aegean Sea) through comet assay. Three sampling sites from the two bays were selected and the study was conducted during the spring and autumn periods. The highest levels of DNA damage expressed as %Tail-DNA were observed in İzmir Bay (34.60 % Tail-DNA) in the spring. Analysis of the correlation between PAHs and metals in mussels and %T-DNA in the hemolymph and gill cells showed a statistically significant positive correlation between %T-DNA and ∑PAH, chromium (p < 0.05). This study determined the pollution level of the İzmir and Çandarlı Bays by using the DNA damage to the mussel, which can identify the effects of environmental pollutants at the cellular levels. These results confirm that comet assay can be used to determine the temporal and spatial differences of DNA damage, and as a suitable tool for the measurement of genotoxicity in regions with low pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Kacar
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Idil Pazi
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Gonul
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kucuksezgin
- DEU, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Baku Bul. No:100, 35340, Inciralti/Izmir, Turkey
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Toufexi E, Dailianis S, Vlastos D, Manariotis ID. Mediated effect of ultrasound treated Diclofenac on mussel hemocytes: First evidence for the involvement of respiratory burst enzymes in the induction of DCF-mediated unspecific mode of action. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 175:144-153. [PMID: 27046060 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the toxic behavior of diclofenac (DCF) before and after its ultrasound (US) treatment, as well as the involvement of intracellular target molecules, such as NADPH oxidase and NO synthase, in the DCF-induced adverse effects on hemocytes of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In this context, appropriate volumes (350 and 500mL) of DCF solutions (at concentrations of 2, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL(-1)) were treated under different ultrasound operating conditions (frequency at 582 and 862kHz, electric power density at 133 and 167W) for assessing US method efficiency. In parallel, DCF and US DCF-mediated cytotoxic (in terms of cell viability measured with the use of neutral red uptake/NRU method), oxidative (in terms of superoxide anions/(.)O2(-), nitric oxides such as NO2(-) and lipid peroxidation products, such as malondialdehyde/MDA content) and genotoxic (DNA damage measured by the use of Comet assay method) effects were investigated in hemocytes exposed for 1h to 5, 10 and 100ngL(-1) and 1, 10 and 20μgL(-1) of DCF. The involvement of NADPH oxidase and NO synthase to the DCF-induced toxicity was further investigated by the use of 10μΜ L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor and 10μΜ DPI, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor. According to the results, 350mL of 2mgL(-1) DCF showed higher degradation (>50%) under 167W electric power density and frequency at 862kHz for 120min, compared to degradation in all other cases, followed by a significant elimination of its toxicity. Specifically, US DCF-treated hemocytes showed a significant attenuation of DCF-mediated cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects, which appeared to be caused by NADPH oxidase and NO synthase activation, since their inhibition was followed by a significant elimination of (.)O2(-) and NO2(-) generation and the concomitant oxidative damage within cells. The results of the present study showed for the first time that unspecific mode of action of DCF, associated with the induction of NADPH oxidase and NO synthase in mussel hemocytes, could be significantly diminished after partial US degradation of DCF, at least under optimized operating conditions currently tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Toufexi
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioannis D Manariotis
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, 26504, Greece
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14
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Zhang J, Yang T, Wang H, Yang K, Fang C, Lv B, Yang X. Study on treating old landfill leachate by Ultrasound–Fenton oxidation combined with MAP chemical precipitation. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1118360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Siorou S, Vgenis TT, Dareioti MA, Vidali MS, Efthimiou I, Kornaros M, Vlastos D, Dailianis S. Investigation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) ozonation efficiency with the use of a battery of selected ecotoxicity and human toxicity assays. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 164:135-144. [PMID: 25957716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on a battery of biological assays, before and during the ozonation process, were investigated in order to assess ozone's efficiency in removing phenolic compounds from OMW and decreasing the concomitant OMW toxicity. Specifically, ozonated-OMW held for 0, 60, 120, 300, 420, 540min in a glass bubble reactor, showed a drastic reduction of OMW total phenols (almost 50%) after 300min of ozonation with a concomitant decrease of OMW toxicity. In particular, the acute toxicity test primarily performed in the fairy shrimp Thamnocephalus platyurus (Thamnotoxkit F™ screening toxicity test) showed a significant attenuation of OMW-induced toxic effects, after ozonation for a period of 120 and in a lesser extent 300min, while further treatment resulted in a significant enhancement of ozonated-OMW toxic effects. Furthermore, ozonated-OMW-treated mussel hemocytes showed a significant attenuation of the ability of OMW to cause cytotoxic (obtained by the use of NRRT assay) effects already after an ozonation period of 120 and to a lesser extent 300min. In accordance with the latter, OMW-mediated oxidative (enhanced levels of superoxide anions and lipid peroxidation by-products) and genotoxic (induction of DNA damage) effects were diminished after OMW ozonation for the aforementioned periods of time. The latter was also revealed by the use of cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in human lymphocytes exposed to different concentrations of both raw- and ozonated-OMW for 60, 120 and 300min. Those findings revealed for a first time the existence of a critical time point during the OMW ozonation process that could be fundamentally used for evaluating OMW ozonation as a pretreatment method of OMW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Siorou
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Theodoros T Vgenis
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Margarita A Dareioti
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria-Sophia Vidali
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Efthimiou
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vlastos
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, 2 Seferi Str., GR-30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece.
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16
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Tsarpali V, Belavgeni A, Dailianis S. Investigation of toxic effects of imidazolium ionic liquids, [bmim][BF4] and [omim][BF4], on marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis with or without the presence of conventional solvents, such as acetone. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 164:72-80. [PMID: 25935102 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the cytotoxic, oxidative and genotoxic effects of two commonly used imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs), [bmim][BF4] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [omim][BF4] (1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), on the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, as well as whether acetone could mediate their toxic profile. In this context, mussels were firstly exposed to different concentrations of [bmim][BF4] or [omim][BF4], with or without the presence of acetone (at a final concentration of 0.06% v/v), for a period of 96h, in order to determine the concentration that causes 50% mussel mortality (LC50 values) in each case. Thereafter, mussels were exposed to sub- and non-lethal concentrations of ILs for investigating their ability to cause lysosomal membrane impairment (with the use of neutral red retention assay/NRRT), superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation byproduct (malondialdehyde/MDA) formation, as well as DNA damage and formation of nuclear abnormalities in hemocytes. The results showed that [omim][BF4] was more toxic than [bmim][BF4] in all cases, while the presence of acetone resulted in a slight attenuation of its toxicity. The different toxic behavior of ILs was further revealed by the significantly lower levels of NRRT values observed in [omim][BF4]-treated mussels, compared to those occurring in [bmim][BF4] in all cases. Similarly, [bmim][BF4]-mediated oxidative and genotoxic effects were observed only in the highest concentration tested (10mgL(-1)), while [omim][BF4]-mediated effects were enhanced at lower concentrations (0.01-0.05mgL(-1)). Overall, the present study showed that [bmim][BF4] and [omim][BF4] could induce not only lethal but also nonlethal effects on mussel M. galloprovincialis. The extent of [bmim][BF4] and/or [omim][BF4]-mediated effects could be ascribed to the length of each IL alkyl chain, as well as to their lipophilicity. Moreover, the role of acetone on the obtained toxic effects of the specific ILs was reported for the first time, giving evidence for its interaction with the ILs and the modulation of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsarpali
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Alexia Belavgeni
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dailianis
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece.
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Peng C, Muthusamy S, Xia Q, Lal V, Denison MS, Ng JC. Micronucleus formation by single and mixed heavy metals/loids and PAH compounds in HepG2 cells. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:593-602. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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18
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Ribeiro AR, Nunes OC, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT. An overview on the advanced oxidation processes applied for the treatment of water pollutants defined in the recently launched Directive 2013/39/EU. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:33-51. [PMID: 25461413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a recognized issue of major concern since a wide range of contaminants has been found in aquatic environment at ngL(-1) to μgL(-1) levels. In the year 2000, a strategy was defined to identify the priority substances concerning aquatic ecosystems, followed by the definition of environmental quality standards (EQS) in 2008. Recently it was launched the Directive 2013/39/EU that updates the water framework policy highlighting the need to develop new water treatment technologies to deal with such problem. This review summarizes the data published in the last decade regarding the application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to treat priority compounds and certain other pollutants defined in this Directive, excluding the inorganic species (cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and their derivatives). The Directive 2013/39/EU includes several pesticides (aldrin, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, dicofol, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, isodrin, heptachlor, lindane, pentachlorophenol, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos, atrazine, simazine, terbutryn, diuron, isoproturon, trifluralin, cypermethrin, alachlor), solvents (dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its derivatives (PFOS), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nonylphenol and octylphenol, as well as the three compounds included in the recommendation for the first watch list of substances (diclofenac, 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2)). Some particular pesticides (aclonifen, bifenox, cybutryne, quinoxyfen), organotin compounds (tributyltin), dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, brominated diphenylethers, hexabromocyclododecanes and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate are also defined in this Directive, but studies dealing with AOPs are missing. AOPs are recognized tools to destroy recalcitrant compounds or, at least, to transform them into biodegradable species. Diuron (a phenylurea herbicide) and atrazine (from the triazine chemical class) are the most studied pesticides from Directive 2013/39/EU. Fenton-based processes are the most frequently applied to treat priority compounds in water and their efficiency typically increases with the operating temperature as well as under UV or solar light. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is the second most used treatment to destroy pollutants defined in the Directive. Ozone alone promotes the partial oxidation of pollutants, and an increase in the effluent biodegradability, but complete mineralization of pollutants is difficult. To overcome this drawback, ozonation has been combined with heterogeneous catalysts, addition of H2O2, other AOPs (such as photocatalysis) or membrane technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Ribeiro
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Olga C Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel F R Pereira
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LCM - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials - Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Liu S, Wei M, Zheng X, Xu S, Zhou C. Highly sensitive and selective sensing platform based on π–π interaction between tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with thionine–graphene composite. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 826:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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