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Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhong C, Martin JW, Alessi DS, Goss GG, Ren Y, He Y. Suspended solids-associated toxicity of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117614. [PMID: 34171731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water (HF-FPW), which contains polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and numerous other potential contaminants, is a complex wastewater produced during the recovery of tight hydrocarbon resources. Previous studies on HF-FPW have demonstrated various toxicological responses of aquatic organisms as consequences of combined exposure to high salinity, dissolved organic compounds and particle/suspended solids-bound pollutants. Noteworthy is the lack of studies illustrating the potentially toxic effects of the FPW suspended solids (FPW-SS). In this study, we investigated the acute and sublethal toxicity of suspended solids filtered from six authentic FPW sample collected from two fracturing wells, using a sediment contact assay based on early-life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). PAHs profiles and acute toxicity tests provided initial information on the toxic potency of the six samples. Upon exposure to sediment mixture at two selected doses (1.6 and 3.1 mg/mL), results showed adverse effects in larval zebrafish, as revealed by increased Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Transcriptional alterations were also observed in xenobiotic biotransformation (ahr, pxr, cyp1a, cyp1b1, cyp1c1, cyp1c2, cyp3a65, udpgt1a1, udpgt5g1), antioxidant response (sod1, sod2, gpx1a, gpx1b) and hormone receptor signaling (esr1, esr2a, cyp19a1a, vtg1) genes. The results demonstrated that even separated from the complex aqueous FPW mixture, FPW-SS can induce toxicological responses in aquatic organisms' early life stages. Since FPW-SS could sediment to the bottom of natural wetland acting as a continuous source of contaminants, the current findings imply the likelihood of long-term environmental risks of polluted sediments on aquatic ecosystems due to FPW spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Lu
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuhe He
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; Hong Kong Branch of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Hong Kong, China.
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Brinkmann M, Ouellet JD, Zennegg M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H. Combined sediment desorption and bioconcentration model to predict levels of dioxin-like chemicals in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143891. [PMID: 33338786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flooding and other sediment disturbances can lead to increases in sediment resuspension. In this context, it is of central importance to understand the kinetics of release from these sediments and the uptake of pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), into aquatic organisms. In the present study, we parameterized a sediment desorption model based on experimentally determined rapidly-desorbing fractions of dioxin-like chemicals (DLCs). We coupled this desorption model with a physiologically-based toxicokinetic model for rainbow trout. This combined model was used to predict DLC concentrations in the muscle of exposed fish. The performance of this model was evaluated using a previously published dataset on DLC uptake from sediment suspensions during simulated re-suspension events. Predictions generally differed less than 10-fold from measured values, and the model showed a good global coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95. The root mean squared error (RMSE) for PCBs was 0.31 log units and 0.53 log units for PCDD/Fs. The results of our study demonstrate that the prediction of bioconcentration and related risk to fish resulting from sediment resuspension can be accurately predicted using coupled desorption and toxicokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Jacob D Ouellet
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Zennegg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department G3: Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology, Department G3: Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Lechthaler S, Esser V, Schüttrumpf H, Stauch G. Why analysing microplastics in floodplains matters: application in a sedimentary context. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:117-131. [PMID: 33301547 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics in the environment are a relatively new form of anthropogenic contamination. Right now, the research focus is on the detection of microplastic accumulation in different environmental compartments and understanding the processes that have led to its transport. Detailed information on microplastics in floodplain areas and their distribution in depth are still missing to better understand accumulation points. Therefore, this study presents on the one hand microplastic detection in fluvial sediments from nine sampling sites along a river course. Polymers were determined with infrared spectroscopy and additional sedimentary analysis of the grain size and heavy metal concentration was performed. In total, there was less microplastic in the upper than in the lower river course and slip-off slopes were identified as accumulation hotspots also in deeper sediment layers. Mostly, microplastic particles were detected in fine sediment and heavy metal concentrations along the river were similar to those of microplastics. On the other hand, besides the spatial distribution of microplastics and accumulation in floodplain areas, microplastic analysis offered information in a sedimentary context. Sedimentation rates (0.29-4.00 cm a-1) and patterns between temporal deposition and microplastic polymers were identified. The basis for the development of a dating method by detection of MPs in sediments was thus established. Microplastics as a contaminant provide, in addition to the identification of deposition areas, further data in a temporal and sedimentary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lechthaler
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resource Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Department of Geography, Chair of Physical Geography and Geoecology, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 5b, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Esser
- Department of Geography, Chair of Physical Geography and Geoecology, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 5b, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Schüttrumpf
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resource Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Georg Stauch
- Department of Geography, Chair of Physical Geography and Geoecology, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstraße 5b, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Müller AK, Markert N, Leser K, Kämpfer D, Schiwy S, Riegraf C, Buchinger S, Gan L, Abdallah AT, Denecke B, Segner H, Brinkmann M, Crawford SE, Hollert H. Bioavailability and impacts of estrogenic compounds from suspended sediment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 231:105719. [PMID: 33360234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Numerous environmental pollutants have the potential to accumulate in sediments, and among them are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). It is well documented that water-borne exposure concentrations of some potent EDCs, more specifically estrogenic- active compounds (ECs), can impair the reproduction of fish. In contrast, little is known about the bioavailability and effects of sediment-associated ECs on fish. Particularly, when sediments are disturbed, e.g., during flood events, chemicals may be released from the sediment and become bioavailable. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate a) whether ECs from the sediment become bioavailable to fish when the sediment is suspended, and b) whether such exposure leads to endocrine responses in fish. Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed over 21 days to constantly suspended sediments in the following treatments: i) a contaminated sediment from the Luppe River, representing a "hotspot" for EC accumulation, ii) a reference sediment (exhibiting only background contamination), iii) three dilutions, 2-, 4- and 8-fold of Luppe sediment diluted with the reference sediment, and iv) a water-only control. Measured estrogenic activity using in vitro bioassays as well as target analysis of nonylphenol and estrone via LC-MS/MS in sediment, water, fish plasma, as well as bile samples, confirmed that ECs became bioavailable from the sediment during suspension. ECs were dissolved in the water phase, as indicated by passive samplers, and were readily taken up by the exposed trout. An estrogenic response of fish to Luppe sediment was indicated by increased abundance of transcripts of typical estrogen responsive genes, i.e. vitelline envelope protein α in the liver and vitellogenin induction in the skin mucus. Altered gene expression profiles of trout in response to suspended sediment from the Luppe River suggest that in addition to ECs a number of other contaminants such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals were remobilized during suspension. The results of the present study demonstrated that sediments not only function as a sink for ECs but can turn into a significant source of pollution when sediments are resuspended as during flood-events. This highlights the need for sediment quality criteria considering bioavailability sediment-bound contaminants in context of flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nele Markert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Leser
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Kämpfer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carolin Riegraf
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - Lin Gan
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali T Abdallah
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- IZKF Genomics Facility, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- University of Bern, Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Länggassstr. 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- University of Saskatchewan, School of the Environment and Sustainability & Toxicology Centre, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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5
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Ouellet J, Gembé C, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H, Brinkmann M. Validation of the micro-EROD assay with H4IIE cells for assessing sediment contamination with dioxin-like chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114984. [PMID: 32563806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays have been used as a bioanalytical means of detecting dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in environmental matrices and have been suggested as a tool for quantifying DLCs in sediments. The present study evaluated the relationship between bioanalytical results from the micro-7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay and chemical analytical results in 25 sediment samples collected from rivers across Germany. Sediments were collected, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were extracted from the sediments, biological toxicity equivalent quotients (BEQs) were determined by micro-EROD assay and toxicity equivalent quotients (TEQs) were calculated from chemical analysis. Correlations between BEQs and TEQs were evaluated, and linear regression modeling was performed, excluding 6 samples as validation data, to derive equations for predicting TEQs from BEQs. Validation data was tested to evaluate predictive capabilities of the models. Correlations were observed between BEQ and TEQ for PCDD/Fs (r=0.987), PCBs (r=0.623), measured sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.975) and calculated sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.971). The modeling equations provided low variances as evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) (≤10.3 pg/g) and root mean square error (RMSE) (≤15.8 pg/g) indicating that expected TEQs could be reasonably well calculated from BEQs. Predicted TEQs from validation data fell within the 95% probability intervals of the test data and had low variances (MAE≤6.5 pg/g) and (RMSE≤10.7 pg/g). Our results indicate that the micro-EROD bioassay can be used as a screening tool for DLCs in sediment and has the capability to be used as an alternate method to chemical analysis for quantifying dioxin-like potential of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ouellet
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Müller AK, Markert N, Leser K, Kämpfer D, Crawford SE, Schäffer A, Segner H, Hollert H. Assessing endocrine disruption in freshwater fish species from a "hotspot" for estrogenic activity in sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113636. [PMID: 31780365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about sediment-bound exposure of fish to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) under field conditions. This study aimed to investigate potential routes of EDC exposure to fish and whether sediment-bound contaminants contribute towards exposure in fish. Tench (Tinca tinca) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) as a benthic and pelagic living fish species, respectively, were sampled at the Luppe River, previously described as a "hotspot" for accumulation of EDC in sediment. A field reference site, the Laucha River, additionally to fish from a commercial fish farm as reference were studied. Blackworms, Lumbriculus variegatus, which are a source of prey for fish, were exposed to sediment of the Luppe River and estrogenic activity of worm tissue was investigated using in vitro bioassays. A 153-fold greater estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro bioassays in sediment of the Luppe River compared the Laucha River. Nonylphenol (NP; 22 mg/kg) was previously identified as one of the main drivers of estrogenic activity in Luppe sediment. Estrogenic activity of Luppe exposed worm tissue (14 ng 17β-estradiol equivalents/mg) indicated that food might act as secondary source to EDCs. While there were no differences in concentrations of NP in plasma of tench from the Luppe and Laucha, vitellogenin, a biomarker for exposure to EDCs, was induced in male tench and roach from the Luppe River compared to both the Laucha and cultured fish by a factor of 264 and 90, respectively. However, no histological alterations in testis of these fish were observed. Our findings suggest that sediments substantially contribute to the overall EDC exposure of both benthic and pelagic fish but that the exposure did not impact gonad status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Katrin Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Nele Markert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Leser
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - David Kämpfer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah E Crawford
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University Bern, Länggassstr. 122, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Worringer Weg 1, 52065, Aachen, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Maaß AL, Esser V, Frings RM, Lehmkuhl F, Schüttrumpf H. A decade of fluvial morphodynamics: relocation and restoration of the Inde River (North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:40. [PMID: 30416928 PMCID: PMC6208837 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relocations and restorations do not only change the ecological passability and sediment continuity of a river but also its flow behavior and fluvial morphodynamics. Sediment transport processes and morphological development can be assessed with field measurements, also taking the transport of sediment-bounded contaminants as a tracer material for fluvial morphodynamics into account. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological development of the Inde River (a tributary of the Rur River in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany) towards its pre-defined guiding principle after a relocation and restoration in 2005 AD. METHODS The fluvial morphodynamics of the Inde River were analyzed over a period of almost 15 years taking sediment samples, analyzing echo soundings of the river's bathymetry and determining the heavy metal content of the sediment as a tracer material for the morphological development. RESULTS The results show that the relocation and restoration of the Inde River initiates new hydrodynamic processes, which cause morphological changes of the river widths, meander belts and channel patterns. The riverbed of the new Inde River has incised into the ground due to massive erosion, which has led to increased fine sediment transport in the downstream direction. The reasons for and consequences of this fine sediment transport are discussed and correlated to the sediment continuity of a river. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the new Inde River has reached its goal of being a natural river as a consequence of the relocation and restoration and has adapted its new conditions towards a dynamic morphological equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Maaß
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena Esser
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roy M. Frings
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Lehmkuhl
- Department of Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Schüttrumpf
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Straße 17, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Kais B, Schiwy S, Hollert H, Keiter SH, Braunbeck T. In vivo EROD assays with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as rapid screening tools for the detection of dioxin-like activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:269-280. [PMID: 28268020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study compares two alternative in vivo approaches for the measurement of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following exposure to acetonic model sediment extracts: (1) the live-imaging EROD assay for the direct detection of EROD induction in individual livers via epifluorescence, and (2) the fish embryo EROD assay in subcellular fractions derived from entire zebrafish embryos after in vivo exposure. For toxicity assessment, each sediment extract was tested with the standard fish embryo test (FET). Upon completion of a functioning liver after 72h, the embryos gave a distinct fluorescent signal in the liver, and a corresponding EROD activity could be detected in the fish embryo EROD assay. The exposure time in the live-imaging EROD assay was reduced to 3h, which resulted in a stronger, less variable and more sensitive EROD response. Overall, the live-imaging and the fish embryo EROD assays showed the same tendencies and gave comparable results, e.g. a concentration-dependent increase in EROD activity at concentrations one order of magnitude below concentrations producing macroscopically visible abnormalities. At higher concentrations, however, a decrease of EROD activity was observed in either test. Both tests ranked the three model sediment extracts in the same order. Results indicate that both test systems complement each other and together provide a rapid and reliable in vivo tool to investigate the presence of dioxin-like substances in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Kais
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen H Keiter
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 120, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Xiao H, Brinkmann M, Thalmann B, Schiwy A, Große Brinkhaus S, Achten C, Eichbaum K, Gembé C, Seiler TB, Hollert H. Toward Streamlined Identification of Dioxin-like Compounds in Environmental Samples through Integration of Suspension Bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3382-3390. [PMID: 28190338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a powerful strategy to identify biologically active compounds in environmental samples. However, in current EDA studies, fractionation and handling procedures are laborious, consist of multiple evaporation steps, and thus bear the risk of contamination and decreased recoveries of the target compounds. The low resulting throughput has been one of the major bottlenecks of EDA. Here, we propose a high-throughput EDA (HT-EDA) work-flow combining reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation of samples into 96-well microplates, followed by toxicity assessment in the micro-EROD bioassay with the wild-type rat hepatoma H4IIE cells, and chemical analysis of bioactive fractions. The approach was evaluated using single substances, binary mixtures, and extracts of sediment samples collected at the Three Gorges Reservoir, Yangtze River, China, as well as the rivers Rhine and Elbe, Germany. Selected bioactive fractions were analyzed by highly sensitive gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure laser ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. In addition, we optimized the work-flow by seeding previously adapted suspension-cultured H4IIE cells directly into the microplate used for fractionation, which makes any transfers of fractionated samples unnecessary. The proposed HT-EDA work-flow simplifies the procedure for wider application in ecotoxicology and environmental routine programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre and School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
| | | | | | - Sigrid Große Brinkhaus
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology-Applied Geology, University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Henner Hollert
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , 400030 Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 210023 Nanjing, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University , 200092 Shanghai, China
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10
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Brack W, Dulio V, Ågerstrand M, Allan I, Altenburger R, Brinkmann M, Bunke D, Burgess RM, Cousins I, Escher BI, Hernández FJ, Hewitt LM, Hilscherová K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Kase R, Klauer B, Lindim C, Herráez DL, Miège C, Munthe J, O'Toole S, Posthuma L, Rüdel H, Schäfer RB, Sengl M, Smedes F, van de Meent D, van den Brink PJ, van Gils J, van Wezel AP, Vethaak AD, Vermeirssen E, von der Ohe PC, Vrana B. Towards the review of the European Union Water Framework Directive: Recommendations for more efficient assessment and management of chemical contamination in European surface water resources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:720-737. [PMID: 27810758 PMCID: PMC8281610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water is a vital resource for natural ecosystems and human life, and assuring a high quality of water and protecting it from chemical contamination is a major societal goal in the European Union. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) and its daughter directives are the major body of legislation for the protection and sustainable use of European freshwater resources. The practical implementation of the WFD with regard to chemical pollution has faced some challenges. In support of the upcoming WFD review in 2019 the research project SOLUTIONS and the European monitoring network NORMAN has analyzed these challenges, evaluated the state-of-the-art of the science and suggested possible solutions. We give 10 recommendations to improve monitoring and to strengthen comprehensive prioritization, to foster consistent assessment and to support solution-oriented management of surface waters. The integration of effect-based tools, the application of passive sampling for bioaccumulative chemicals and an integrated strategy for prioritization of contaminants, accounting for knowledge gaps, are seen as important approaches to advance monitoring. Including all relevant chemical contaminants in more holistic "chemical status" assessment, using effect-based trigger values to address priority mixtures of chemicals, to better consider historical burdens accumulated in sediments and to use models to fill data gaps are recommended for a consistent assessment of contamination. Solution-oriented management should apply a tiered approach in investigative monitoring to identify toxicity drivers, strengthen consistent legislative frameworks and apply solutions-oriented approaches that explore risk reduction scenarios before and along with risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Valeria Dulio
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Marlene Ågerstrand
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Bunke
- Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institute for Applied Ecology, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert M Burgess
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ORD, NHEERL, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narrangansett, RI, USA
| | - Ian Cousins
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - L Mark Hewitt
- Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag-EPFL, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Klauer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Lindim
- ACES - Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Cécil Miège
- IRSTEA - UR MALY, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - John Munthe
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leo Posthuma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol IME, Aberg 1, D-57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Sengl
- Bavarian Environmental Agency, D-86179 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Foppe Smedes
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Paul J van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; Copernicus Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Dick Vethaak
- Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands; VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Vermeirssen
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Deutschmann B, Kolarevic S, Brack W, Kaisarevic S, Kostic J, Kracun-Kolarevic M, Liska I, Paunovic M, Seiler TB, Shao Y, Sipos S, Slobodnik J, Teodorovic I, Vukovic-Gacic B, Hollert H. Longitudinal profile of the genotoxic potential of the River Danube on erythrocytes of wild common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) assessed using the comet and micronucleus assay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1441-1449. [PMID: 27519325 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Joint Danube Survey 3 (JDS3; the biggest river expedition in 2013) had offered the unique opportunity for a large-scale monitoring approach for biomarker response in feral fish collected along a Danube stretch from Kehlheim (DE) to Sulina (RO). The advantage of genotoxicity as a marker for pollution exposure in fish is the early detection of possible long-term effects such as cancer. Therefore, genotoxicity was in the focus of the biomarker investigations in fish during the expedition. Blood samples of common bleak (Alburnus alburnus) for the investigation of the micronucleus frequency and comet tail intensity of fragmented DNA material in erythrocytes were collected at 18 and 12 sampling sites, respectively. For 9 sampling sites same samples were used to compare the in-situ data for the comparable genotoxic endpoint in the micronucleus (MN) and comet assay (CM). The data of both in-situ assays showed a significant correlation, indicating the strength and comparability of the data sets. Significant variation in DNA damage in fish along the longitudinal profile of the Danube was demonstrated for both assays compared to reference sites. The results suggest that DNA damage in erythrocytes of fish was mainly affected by wastewater of highly populated regions. No linkage between the results and the general health/dietary status of the fish were revealed, whereas correlation with some genotoxicity drivers in the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Deutschmann
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stoimir Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Kostic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Margareta Kracun-Kolarevic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Liska
- International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River, Wagramer Strasse 5, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Momir Paunovic
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ying Shao
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandor Sipos
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Vukovic-Gacic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Henner Hollert
- Institute for Environmental Research (Bio V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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12
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Förstner U, Hollert H, Brinkmann M, Eichbaum K, Weber R, Salomons W. Dioxin in the Elbe river basin: policy and science under the water framework directive 2000-2015 and toward 2021. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2016; 28:9. [PMID: 27752444 PMCID: PMC5044960 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of the last 25 years of dioxin policy in the Elbe river catchment is presented along seven main theses of the River Basin Community (RBC)-Elbe background document "Pollutants" for the Management Plan 2016-2021. In this period, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/-furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) will play a major role: (i) as new priority substances for which environmental quality standards (EQSs) need to be derived (Directive 2013/39/EC); (ii) in the search for innovative solutions in sediment remediation (i.e., respecting the influence of mechanical processes; Flood Risk Directive 2007/60/EC); and (iii) as indicators at the land-sea interface (Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC). In the Elbe river catchment, aspects of policy and science are closely connected, which became particularly obvious in a classic example of dioxin hot spot contamination, the case of the Spittelwasser creek. Here, the "source-first principle" of the first cycle of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) had to be confirmed in a controversy on the dioxin hot spots with Saxony-Anhalt's Agency for Contaminated Sites (LAF). At the Spittelwasser site, the move from "inside the creek" to "along the river banks" goes parallel to a general paradigm shift in retrospective risk assessment frameworks and remediation techniques for organic chemicals (Ortega-Calvo et al. 2015). With respect to dioxin, large-scale stabilization applying activated carbon additions is particularly promising. Another important aspect is the assessment of the ecotoxicology of dioxins and dl- PCBs in context of sediment mobility and flood risk assessment, which has been studied in the project framework FloodSearch. Currently, the quality goals of the WFD to reach a "good chemical status" are not met in many catchment areas because substances such as mercury do and others probably will (PCDD/Fs and dl-PCB) exceed biota-EQS values catchment area-wide. So far, relating biota-EQS values to sediment-EQSs is not possible. To overcome these limitations, the DioRAMA project was initiated, which has led to improved approaches for the assessment of dioxin-contaminated sediment using in vitro bioassays and to a robust dataset on the interrelation between dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in sediments and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Förstner
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, University of Technology Hamburg-Harburg, Eissendorfer Street, 21071 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt – Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststrasse 23, 73527 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Wim Salomons
- Kromme Elleboog 21, 9751 RB, Haren, Groningen Netherlands
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13
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Brinkmann M, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Gremse F, Schiwy S, Kiessling F, Hollert H. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) as a novel method in ecotoxicology--determination of morphometric and somatic data in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 543:135-139. [PMID: 26580735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish are important sentinel organisms for the assessment of water quality and play a central role in ecotoxicological research. Of particular importance to the assessment of health and fitness of fish stocks in response to environmental conditions or pollution are morphometric (e.g. Fulton's condition index) and somatic indices (e.g. hepatosomatic, and gonadosomatic index). Standard measurements of somatic indices are invasive and require, by definition, the sacrifice of examined animals, thus prohibiting longitudinal studies and relocation of animals captured in the field. As a potential solution, in the present study, we propose the use of micro-computed tomography (μCT) as imaging modality to non-invasively tomographically image rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to different sediment suspensions. We here demonstrate that μCT can be used as a tool to reliably measure the volumes of different organs, which could then be applied as a substitute of their weights in calculation of somatic indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the results of μCT analyses in the context of ecotoxicological research in rainbow trout. It has the potential to greatly increase the information value of experiments conducted with fish and also to potentially reduce the number of animals required for studying temporal effects through facilitating longitudinal studies within the same individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schiwy
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, China.
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14
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Koglin S, Kammann U, Eichbaum K, Reininghaus M, Eisner B, Wiseman S, Hecker M, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H, Brinkmann M. Toward understanding the impacts of sediment contamination on a native fish species: transcriptional effects, EROD activity, and biliary PAH metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2016; 28:28. [PMID: 28003950 PMCID: PMC5136570 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-016-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both frequency and intensity of flood events are expected to increase as a result of global climate change in the upcoming decades, potentially resulting in increased re-suspension of sediments in fluvial systems. Contamination of these re-suspended sediments with legacy contaminants, including dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs), as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of great ecotoxicological concern. DLCs, and to some extent also PAHs, exhibit their toxicity through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). However, interactions of DLCs with pathways other than those known to be mediated through the AhR are not fully understood to date. METHODS This study aimed to investigate molecular and biochemical effects in roach (Rutilus rutilus) during a 10 days exposure to suspensions of three natural sediments that differed in the level of DLC contamination. Concentrations of biliary PAH metabolites and hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were quantified in exposed fish. Furthermore, the abundance of transcripts of several genes related to energy metabolism, response to oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as cytochrome P450 1A (cyp1a) was quantified. RESULTS Biliary PAH metabolites and activation of the AhR were confirmed as suitable early warning biomarkers of exposure to suspended sediments containing DLCs and PAHs that corresponded well with analytically determined concentrations of those contaminants. Although the abundances of transcripts of superoxide dismutase (sod), protein kinase c delta (pkcd), and ATP-binding cassette transporter c9 (abcc9) were altered by the treatment compared with unexposed control fish, none of these showed a time- or concentration-dependent response. The abundance of transcripts of pyruvate carboxylase (pc) and transferrin variant d (tfd) remained unaltered by the treatments. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that contaminated sediments can become a risk for fish during re-suspension events (e.g., flooding and dredging). We have also demonstrated that roach, which are native to most European freshwater systems, are suitable sentinel species due to their great sensitivity and ecological relevance. Roach may be particularly suitable in future field studies to assess the toxicological concerns associated with the release of DLCs and PAHs during sediment re-suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Koglin
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kammann
- Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Reininghaus
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bryanna Eisner
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4 Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, 1 Tiansheng Road Beibei, Chongqing, 400715 China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3 Canada
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